Upload
garey-dawson
View
220
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Taking the Initiative
Becoming more independent Improved abilities Limitless energy Strong desire to learn and explore
Erikson – Initiative vs. Guilt
Initiative = The ability to think or act without being urged. Developing initiative is important because it
sets the stage for ambitions later in life. Yet, initiative can lead to failures. Too many
failures can lead to guilt. Guilt = Blaming yourself for something
done wrong. SO… caregivers need to make sure children
know that it is OK to make mistakes!
Showing Responsibility
First step toward dependence Adults should show examples Select age-appropriate tasks
What are some chores that would be appropriate for a preschooler?
Learning Gender Roles
Preschoolers are beginning to grasp the concept of how to fit into certain social groups Family, school, clubs, and others
Gender-role learning = learning what behavior is expected of males and females
Gender role is a major concept children learn in the preschool years.
How does gender role develop? By how others treat them and how they see
others in their male or female roles Sex-typing = treating boys and girls differently
Clothing Toys The way parents react
Children most often identify and imitate models of the same gender as well as: Teachers Characters from TV, movies, and storybooks
Cultural Differences
Society’s view of male and female is not as clearly defined as it once was!
Traditional views: Male – more aggressive, economic head of
the family Female – wife, mother
How many of your mom’s stay-at-home?
Society’s view has CHANGED!
Sexual stereotyping = a statement or even a hint that men and women always do or should do certain tasks.
Extending Social Relations
Social learnings: Sharing Controlling anger Thinking of other’s feelings Making joint efforts with others
Adults are still important
Still depend on adults for many of their needs
Adults are social models Teach by example
Model relationships Morals Self-control Manners And much more!!
Other children become more important
Siblings and peers are more important to preschool children than toddlers
Preschoolers do react to other children differently. Some preschoolers have fun playing with other children and some do not
Making Friends
Depends on the following: child’s friendliness Ability to follow group rules Lack of dependence on adults
Prefer friends of the same gender Self-centered view about friendships
They see friends as people who play with you, help you, share their toys with you, etc.
Creates a closed circle of friends “You can’t play with us!”
Learning from Play Groups
Play experiences are richer with others Learn new ideas Behave with peers Learn to play fairly Become less self-centered Learn that friends are fun!
Feeling and Controlling Emotions
Preschoolers still react to common childlike stressors (situations that cause stress)
These may include: Illness Moving Death Adult quarrels Divorce
Feeling and Controlling Emotions
Controlling outward signs of emotions such crying, screaming and hitting to help children become socially acceptable!
However, if children control emotions without admitting their underlying feelings to themselves and others, they may become emotionally troubled.
Children need to express themselves! “I am angry.” “I am afraid.”
Dependency
Preschoolers feel a conflict between their need for dependence and independence! Sometimes preschoolers ask for help and
they really do need it and other times they ask for help even when they don’t!
Emotional Dependence: The act of seeing attention, approval, comfort and contact.
Fear and Anxiety
Some toddler fears fade away and preschoolers develop new fears, some increase. Fear of the unknown
Monsters, Robbers Fear of physical injury
Fear of death by fire, auto accident, drowning, the fear of bites from insects or animals
Fear of pain caused by medical and dental work Anxiety of a general nature
Fear of a tornado may spread to thunderstorms and high winds
Anger and Aggression
Anger and Aggression being around 10 months of age. They peak with displays of temper in the toddler years and continue in the preschool years.
Preschoolers tend to hit and bite less than toddlers.
Yet they tend to threaten and yell more! Boys are more physical and girls are
more verbal even in the preschool stage!
Causes of Anger and Aggression
Preschoolers use aggression to Get their way Hurt another Gain attention Gain affection
Jealousy
Begins when people realize they must share with others the love, attention, possessions, and time once only given to them.
Most common time for jealousy is a new baby brother or sister
Repressed jealousy = Feelings of jealousy not directly expressed and may even be denied. Show this type through nightmares, physical
problems (headaches, upset stomachs, fevers, change in appetite)