Social Social PerceptionPerception

Using the DANVA 2Using the DANVA 2& the NEPSY-II& the NEPSY-II

MeasuringMeasuring

DANVA 2DANVA 2The Diagnostic Analysis of The Diagnostic Analysis of

Nonverbal Accuracy 2Nonverbal Accuracy 2(Copyright Dyssemia, Inc. 1999–2000)

http://www.psychology.emory.edu/clinical/interpersonal/danva.htm

DANVA 2 DescriptionDANVA 2 Description PURPOSEPURPOSE: To measure a person’s : To measure a person’s

competence in affect recognition by reading competence in affect recognition by reading facial expressions and voice tones.facial expressions and voice tones.

Includes 4 subtests:Includes 4 subtests:– (1) Child Faces 2; (2) Adult faces 2(1) Child Faces 2; (2) Adult faces 2– (3) Child Paralanguage 2; (4) Adult Paralanguage 2(3) Child Paralanguage 2; (4) Adult Paralanguage 2

Four basic emotions are included: Four basic emotions are included: – happiness, sadness, anger, fearhappiness, sadness, anger, fear

Two levels of emotional intensity are Two levels of emotional intensity are included: included: – High & Low.High & Low.

Both males and females are included in all Both males and females are included in all subtest stimuli.subtest stimuli.

DANVA 2 - Child Faces 2DANVA 2 - Child Faces 2

Test Construction:Test Construction:– Includes 24 photographs of child facial Includes 24 photographs of child facial

expressionsexpressions Internal Consistency:Internal Consistency:

– coefficent alpha ranged from .69 to .81 coefficent alpha ranged from .69 to .81 with a modal alpha of .76 across 10 with a modal alpha of .76 across 10 studies with children aged 4 – 16.studies with children aged 4 – 16.

Test-Retest Reliability:Test-Retest Reliability:– r = .74, n = 84, for 3r = .74, n = 84, for 3rdrd grade children. grade children.

DANVA 2 - Child Faces 2DANVA 2 - Child Faces 2 Discriminative Validity:

– DANVA2-CF scores have not been found to be related to IQ scores or tests of general cognitive ability in a number of studies. in a number of studies.

Criterion-Related Validity:– Lower accuracy scores were significantly

correlated with lower social competence in elementary students.

– Lower scores in elementary students are associated with greater external control expectancies, greater depression in boys, lower self-esteem in girls, difficulties with teachers, and psychopathy in boys.

DANVA 2 Opening ScreenDANVA 2 Opening Screen

DANVA 2 Main MenuDANVA 2 Main Menu

DANVA 2 Child Faces MenuDANVA 2 Child Faces Menu

DANVA 2 Child Faces DANVA 2 Child Faces SubtestSubtest• Clients are given 4 seconds to view each photo,

which then disappears. Then, they choose the emotion they think the picture shows. Once ready, they click the next button.

What is the emotion?

DANVA 2 Child Faces DANVA 2 Child Faces SubtestSubtest

What is the emotion?

DANVA 2 Child Faces DANVA 2 Child Faces SubtestSubtest

What is the emotion?

DANVA 2 Child Faces DANVA 2 Child Faces SubtestSubtest

What is the emotion?

Paralanguage SubtestParalanguage Subtest

“I’m going out of the room now, but I’ll be back later.”

DANVA 2 Client ResultsDANVA 2 Client Results

DANVA 2 Data: Child FacesDANVA 2 Data: Child Faces

Table 1: Total Errors; per Affect; Table 1: Total Errors; per Affect; per Intensityper Intensity

Table 2: Affect Errors x Table 2: Affect Errors x IntensityIntensity

TABLE 3: Affect Errors x TABLE 3: Affect Errors x Type of AffectType of Affect

TABLE 4: Affect Errors x TABLE 4: Affect Errors x Affect x IntensityAffect x Intensity

DANVA 2 Report Print OutDANVA 2 Report Print Out

DANVA 2 Norms (Ages 5-18)DANVA 2 Norms (Ages 5-18)

CASE Study: EronCASE Study: Eron Profile:Profile:

– Age 7 – 11 Age 7 – 11 – profileprofile: : Processing Speed (79) and Perceptual Processing Speed (79) and Perceptual

Reasoning (61) > Verbal Comprehension (27) and Reasoning (61) > Verbal Comprehension (27) and Auditory Working Memory (21)Auditory Working Memory (21)

– 5 out of 12 atypical indices on the CPT-II5 out of 12 atypical indices on the CPT-II– Possible DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of 314.9 ADHD-Possible DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of 314.9 ADHD-

NOS NOS – Referred because of playground aggression, Referred because of playground aggression,

and difficulty understanding his emotions & and difficulty understanding his emotions & those of others. Noncompliant during those of others. Noncompliant during counselling efforts. counselling efforts.

DANVA-2 Results

15

11 11

88.26

11.3

8

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

Adult Faces Child Faces AdultParalanguage

ChildParalanguage

No

. of

Err

ors

Eron Norm Group

CASE Study: Eron

DANVA-2 Results

7

2733 33

0

18

3645

0102030405060708090

100

Happy Sad Angry Fearful

Per

cen

tag

e o

f E

rro

rs

Adult Faces Child Faces

CASE Study: Eron

ADULT FACES:

Emotion Presented

Incorrect Interpretation

% of Errors

Incorrect Interpretation

% of Errors

Happy sad 7 -- --

Sad angry 27 -- --

Angry happy 20 sad 13

Fearful happy 27 angry 7

CASE Study: Eron

CHILD FACES:

Emotion Presented

Incorrect Interpretation

% of Errors

Incorrect Interpretation

% of Errors

IncorrectInterpretatio

n

%of Errors

Happy -- -- -- -- -- --

Sad happy 18 -- -- -- --

Angry happy 18 fearful 18 -- --

Fearful happy 18 sad 18 angry 9

CASE Study: Eron

NEPSY-IINEPSY-IISocial Perception BatterySocial Perception Battery

NEPSY-II DescriptionNEPSY-II Description

This assesses two main areas:This assesses two main areas:– 1. 1. Affect Recognition:Affect Recognition:

discriminating discriminating happy, sad, anger, fear, happy, sad, anger, fear, disgust, and neutraldisgust, and neutral from children’s from children’s facial expressionsfacial expressions

– 2. 2. Theory of Mind:Theory of Mind: inferring others’ perspectives (e.g., inferring others’ perspectives (e.g.,

belief, intention, deception, emotion, belief, intention, deception, emotion, imagination, and pretendingimagination, and pretending), and ), and relating emotions to the social contextrelating emotions to the social context

NEPSY-II Social PerceptionNEPSY-II Social Perception Reliability:Reliability:

– Internal Consistency:Internal Consistency: Ages 7-12 = .87 for Affect Recognition; none reported Ages 7-12 = .87 for Affect Recognition; none reported

for Theory of Mind in this age group.for Theory of Mind in this age group.– Test-Retest:Test-Retest:

Ages 7:0-8:11 = .60 for Affect RecognitionAges 7:0-8:11 = .60 for Affect Recognition Validity:Validity:

– Concurrent:Concurrent: AR Total with WISC-IV Comprehension = .30AR Total with WISC-IV Comprehension = .30 AR Total with WNV Picture Arrangement = .05AR Total with WNV Picture Arrangement = .05 AR Total with DSMD Conduct Problems = -.45AR Total with DSMD Conduct Problems = -.45

– Clinical Groups:Clinical Groups: AR Total sig. differentiated Autism from control group AR Total sig. differentiated Autism from control group

(1.19), but not Asperger’s individuals from control (1.19), but not Asperger’s individuals from control group (.19).group (.19).

NEPSY-II Affect RecognitionNEPSY-II Affect Recognition

NEPSY-II Theory of MindNEPSY-II Theory of Mind

CASE Study: EronCASE Study: Eron NEPSY-II Social PerceptionNEPSY-II Social Perception

– Affect Recognition:Affect Recognition: When trying to discriminate When trying to discriminate happy, sad, anger, happy, sad, anger,

fear, discussed, and neutralfear, discussed, and neutral from children’s from children’s facial expressions, facial expressions, he obtained a scaled score of he obtained a scaled score of 4, at the 24, at the 2ndnd percentile. percentile.

Interpreted fear as happiness (6th – 10th %ile)– Theory of Mind:Theory of Mind:

When trying to infer others’ perspectives (e.g., When trying to infer others’ perspectives (e.g., belief, intention, deception, emotion, belief, intention, deception, emotion, imagination, and pretending), and relate imagination, and pretending), and relate emotions to social context, emotions to social context, Eron obtained a Eron obtained a score within the Average range (51-75 %ile).score within the Average range (51-75 %ile).

CASE Study: EronCASE Study: Eron Recommendations:Recommendations:

1.1. Eron should receive Eron should receive individual counsellingindividual counselling to to improve his ability to identify facial expressions of improve his ability to identify facial expressions of various emotions in children and adults. Start with various emotions in children and adults. Start with teaching him to correctly identify the facial teaching him to correctly identify the facial expressions of expressions of angeranger and and fearfear..

2.2. A useful tool for teaching affect recognition is a DVD A useful tool for teaching affect recognition is a DVD program called ‘program called ‘Mind ReadingMind Reading.’ The DVD consists of .’ The DVD consists of 3 areas: (1) the Emotions Library, (2) The Learning 3 areas: (1) the Emotions Library, (2) The Learning Center, and (3) the Games Zone. Using the Center, and (3) the Games Zone. Using the software, you can explore up to 412 emotions, software, you can explore up to 412 emotions, seeing and hearing each one performed by six seeing and hearing each one performed by six different people, including children and adults of different people, including children and adults of both gender. both gender.

3.3. Adults working with Eron should always verbalize Adults working with Eron should always verbalize how they feel, and not communicate through facial how they feel, and not communicate through facial expression alone. He may misperceive adult facial expression alone. He may misperceive adult facial expressions of happy, sad, and angry.expressions of happy, sad, and angry.