Social situation and Social situation and system in Hungarysystem in Hungary

93.036 km2=35.921 square mile10.076.581 citizens

Issues…..Issues…..

PopulationPopulation Settlement systemSettlement system EmploymentEmployment WagesWages Social security systemSocial security system

YearYear PopulationPopulation

19491949 9 204 7999 204 799

19601960 9 961 0449 961 044

19701970 10 322 09910 322 099

19801980 10 709 46310 709 463

20012001 10 200 29810 200 298

20022002 10 174 853 10 174 853

20032003 10 142 362 10 142 362

20042004 10 116 742 10 116 742

20052005 10 097 549 10 097 549

20062006 10 076 581 10 076 581

ProblemProblem and problem solving and problem solvingBBirthirth rate rateDDeatheath rate rate

Steady decrease in population. Steady decrease in population. More elderly people in the nation: More elderly people in the nation:

need for health and social need for health and social services is growing and services is growing and transformingtransforming!!

SettlementsSettlements

3167 towns and villages3167 towns and villages Number of cities with more than Number of cities with more than

10000 inhabitants: 16510000 inhabitants: 165 252 cities (functionally only 200 can 252 cities (functionally only 200 can

be regarded as cities)be regarded as cities) More than 60 per cent of citizens live More than 60 per cent of citizens live

in middle-sized, or big settlements in middle-sized, or big settlements (number of inhabitantas over 10000)(number of inhabitantas over 10000)

Settlement structureSettlement structure

2 million live in the capital.2 million live in the capital. Further 2,6 million live in bigger Further 2,6 million live in bigger

cities.cities. Special feature: high share of very Special feature: high share of very

small villages…crisis areas – rural small villages…crisis areas – rural development strategies.development strategies.

SSmall villagesmall villages

No work - high unemployment rate.No work - high unemployment rate. Young people moving away – number of Young people moving away – number of

inhabitants decreasing, population getting inhabitants decreasing, population getting old.old.

Poor infrastucture, limited services Poor infrastucture, limited services (school, healt(school, healthh care, shops). care, shops).

Escape route: form alliences with other Escape route: form alliences with other villages and towns and have common villages and towns and have common projects.projects.

Advantage: splendid surroundings.Advantage: splendid surroundings.

• Number of active Number of active age-group people age-group people significantly significantly decreasing.decreasing.

• 2003: 7 million2003: 7 million

• 2050 (forecast): 5,2 2050 (forecast): 5,2 million)million)

• 1,1 million elderly 1,1 million elderly (55-(55-65 ys)65 ys)people belong people belong to the active-age to the active-age group, but only 1/5th group, but only 1/5th of them of them are are employed.employed.

20102010 20202020 20502050

Number of Number of inhabitants inhabitants

(million)(million)

9,79,7 9,49,4 8,08,0

0-19 y. 0-19 y. proportion, %proportion, %

21,121,1 20,220,2 18,918,9

20-64 y. 20-64 y. proportion, %proportion, %

63,363,3 61,361,3 54,954,9

65-X y. 65-X y. proportion, %proportion, %

15,615,6 18,518,5 26,226,2

Proportion of Romani people is Proportion of Romani people is growing. growing. 20% of children will be 20% of children will be Roma in a few decades. Roma in a few decades.

Less then 10% of them live in the Less then 10% of them live in the capital - (total population: 20%)capital - (total population: 20%)

60 % live in small settlements60 % live in small settlements – – (total population: 38%)(total population: 38%)

Appr. 600.000 citizens are Roma, Appr. 600.000 citizens are Roma, only 16% of them are economically only 16% of them are economically active.active.

„„Roma problem”Roma problem”

Larger proportion of the less children Larger proportion of the less children are born into poor families. are born into poor families. (almost (almost one-third of the 2,9 million (0-24 years old) one-third of the 2,9 million (0-24 years old) children and young people get regular children and young people get regular financial support.financial support.

Proportion of one-parent families is Proportion of one-parent families is growing.growing.

Regional disparities increase the Regional disparities increase the danger of exclusion danger of exclusion (from goods, (from goods, chances, rights, social processes), chances, rights, social processes), especially in small settlements, in North-especially in small settlements, in North-Hungary and in South-Transdanubia.Hungary and in South-Transdanubia.

Death rate: the third highest in Death rate: the third highest in Central and Eastern Europe.Central and Eastern Europe.

How can we solve the problem?How can we solve the problem?– More birth?More birth?– Immigration? – if there had not Immigration? – if there had not

been any immigration to the been any immigration to the country, the loss of population country, the loss of population would be much higher! would be much higher! (Hungarians from neighboring (Hungarians from neighboring countries, China program?)countries, China program?)….….

EducationEducation

More and more young people go More and more young people go for higher for higher educationeducation..

Lack of good blue-collar workers in the Lack of good blue-collar workers in the new generation.new generation.

Battle for students by the schools and Battle for students by the schools and universities – quality education or mass universities – quality education or mass education?education?

Battle against government actionBattle against government actions (e.g.s (e.g. closing schools, decreasing support of closing schools, decreasing support of education).education).

Employment - unemploymentEmployment - unemployment

In employmentIn employment:: 3.906.000 (2007 3.906.000 (2007 March)March)..

Unemployment rate: 7,5%Unemployment rate: 7,5%.. Number of officially unemployed: 316 Number of officially unemployed: 316

000000.. Unemployment rate of the Youth: Unemployment rate of the Youth:

18%18%..

3,5 million women belong to the 3,5 million women belong to the active age group, but only half of active age group, but only half of them are employed. 400 thousand them are employed. 400 thousand raise her children alone.raise her children alone.

Average Wages (2006)Average Wages (2006)

Differences in the Differences in the averageaverage

~11000 $/year

EU-25

~ 29000 $/year

Hungary

~ 32000 $/year

USA

Source: OECD

Purchasing Power Index: Annual Purchasing Power/head, on Euro parity (2004)

EU and EFTA coutries

100= average of 29 countries

Minimum wageMinimum wage

Nearly three-quarters of EU Member Nearly three-quarters of EU Member States have some form of statutory States have some form of statutory national minimum wage, with sectoral national minimum wage, with sectoral collective agreements playing the main collective agreements playing the main role in setting minimum pay rates in the role in setting minimum pay rates in the remainder of the countries. remainder of the countries.

Hungary: 2 $/ hour, above 55 years: 2,4 Hungary: 2 $/ hour, above 55 years: 2,4 $/hour$/hour

Who earns more in Hungary?Who earns more in Hungary?

Those who work in the financial Those who work in the financial sector: 20.250 $/ year.sector: 20.250 $/ year.

Those who work in Budapest: 13.100 Those who work in Budapest: 13.100 €/ year, especially if they are white-€/ year, especially if they are white-collar workers (18.900 $ /year).collar workers (18.900 $ /year).

Those who work in the Those who work in the administration: 12.150 $/ year.administration: 12.150 $/ year.

AVERAGES!AVERAGES!

Who earns less in Hungary? Who earns less in Hungary? (Averages)(Averages)

Those who work in the agriculture: Those who work in the agriculture: 5800 $/year.5800 $/year.

Those who work in the textile Those who work in the textile industry: 5100 $/ year.industry: 5100 $/ year.

Education: 10900 $/yearEducation: 10900 $/year Health: 8300 $/yearHealth: 8300 $/year

PensionPension

• Retirement age: 62 years (Both men Retirement age: 62 years (Both men and women)and women)

• Planned: 65 years (starting form Planned: 65 years (starting form 2009)2009)

PensionPension

No redistribution, no security net – No redistribution, no security net – the amount of the pension depends the amount of the pension depends on the money you and your employer on the money you and your employer paid into the system.paid into the system.

The total amount of the minimum The total amount of the minimum old-age pension is very low…25.800 old-age pension is very low…25.800 Ft/month ( ~141 $/month).Ft/month ( ~141 $/month).

The average of the old-age pension is The average of the old-age pension is 360 $/month (= 4320 $/year).360 $/month (= 4320 $/year).

Persons entitled to pension and Persons entitled to pension and pension-like state supportpension-like state support

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

55-110

110-137

137-164

164-192

192-218

218-247

247-274

274-302

302-330

330-357

357-384

384-412

412-440

440-467

467-494

494-522

522-545

545-604

604-660

660-824

824-

$/month

persons

What else provided?What else provided?

+ 1 month pension;+ 1 month pension; Public transportation for reduced fee, Public transportation for reduced fee,

or for free of charge;or for free of charge; Life-annuity for agricultural land;Life-annuity for agricultural land; Support of medicine prices;Support of medicine prices; Other kind of price supports based on Other kind of price supports based on

the amount of monthly income.the amount of monthly income.

Health issuesHealth issues

Life expectancy among the worst ones Life expectancy among the worst ones in Europe.in Europe.– Men: 68 years (EU average: 75 years)Men: 68 years (EU average: 75 years)– Women: 78 years (EU average: 81 years)Women: 78 years (EU average: 81 years)

Leading death causes: heart and Leading death causes: heart and circulation diseases, cancer..circulation diseases, cancer..

Cancer became leading death cause in Cancer became leading death cause in the case of middle aged – 45-65 y. - the case of middle aged – 45-65 y. - males and females!males and females!

Heavy burden on the health sector – Heavy burden on the health sector – transition period!transition period!– All covered – meaning service for free All covered – meaning service for free

(?) for many.(?) for many.– Coverage upon payment - service for Coverage upon payment - service for

charge – who pays?charge – who pays?

National Healt Service – Private National Healt Service – Private health insurance together? Under health insurance together? Under discussion yet.discussion yet.

Pay for the service; 300 Ft/visit (appr. Pay for the service; 300 Ft/visit (appr. 1,66 $) now. You pay for 20 visits, 1,66 $) now. You pay for 20 visits, the others are for free. the others are for free.

Not everyone has to pay!Not everyone has to pay!

SuicidesSuicides

RankRank CountryCountry YearYear MalesMales FemalesFemales TotalTotal

1.1. Russia Russia 20022002 69,369,3 11,911,9 38,738,7

2.2. LithuaniaLithuania 20052005 68.168.1 12.912.9 38.638.6

3.3. BelarusBelarus 20032003 63.363.3 10.310.3 35.135.1

4.4. KazakhstanKazakhstan 20022002 50.250.2 8.88.8 28.828.8

5.5. SloveniaSlovenia 20032003 45.045.0 12.012.0 28.128.1

6.6. HungaryHungary 20032003 44.944.9 12.012.0 27.727.7

7.7. EstoniaEstonia 20022002 47.747.7 9.89.8 27.327.3

8.8. UkraineUkraine 20022002 46.746.7 8.48.4 26.126.1

9.9. LatviaLatvia 20032003 45.045.0 9.79.7 26.026.0

10.10. JapanJapan 20022002 35.235.2 12.812.8 23.823.8

Source:WHO