Social Studies Chapter 4 Slide 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 People Come
to the Americas Slide 3 Bering Strait Narrow passage that separates
Asia to North America The land the hunters may have walked is now
buried under water. Slide 4 Glaciers At that time, about 1/3 of the
earths surface was covered with glaciers. They were sometimes up to
a mile thick. Oceans were about 300 feet lower. Slide 5 When the
Bering Strait connected Asia with North America, many different
groups of humans walked across. Slide 6 This bridge existed until
about 12000 B.C. At that time temperatures rose and caused the
glaciers to melt Slide 7 The water covered the bridged land Slide 8
People continued to cross with boats but walking was now over Slide
9 From Hunting to Farming The hunters who walked across the land
bridge into N. America may have been the ancestors of people we now
call the Native Americans Slide 10 Their story can be told in 4
epochs What is an epoch? Slide 11 Beringian Epoch- When main group
of hunters came to North America 13,000-9,500 B.C. Hunters followed
these animals to warmer lands. Travel all through the Americas
Slide 12 Paleo- Indian Epoch Water levels raise from melted
glaciers The N. American grasslands became hot deserts.
Grass-eating animals dies out for want food American Indians now
had to look for new sources of food. Made better weapons Slide 13
With improved weapons they could hunt faster animals Bison,
Caribou, and Deer Slide 14 Archaic Epoch Now lived in permanent
settlements, built boats if they lived near water, and collected
nuts and berries in forest areas. Slide 15 During the archaic
period, they also learned to to plant and harvest corn, beans and
other crops Slide 16 With agriculture, they could settle and grow
food, so they (Native Americans) grew in number Slide 17
Postarchaic Epoch 1000 B.C.- 1500A.D. Many cultures developed
during this period Wore clothing made of plants and animal skin
Living in huts or wooden houses Slide 18 Some live liked hunters
and some lived within powerful societies Aztecs- City of
Tenochtitlan 100,000 people within the city Canals, Temples,
Islands Hunted Caribou across the cold, bare regions of Canada.
Slide 19 Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Four American Indian Cultures Slide 20
Anasazi-People of the Desert A.D. 100 Cotton Beans Corn Moved from
their settlements on mesa tops to cliff dwellings Historians
believe that they may have feared an enemy and moved homes to live
where it was easier to defend themselves. Slide 21 They climbed to
tend to their crops Most important food was corn, but it would not
survive without rain Slide 22 They learned to tend the desert land
They caught water in ditches to use on their crops Slide 23 They
believed in performing a rain dance to come and bring rain to their
crops. If rain came, their crops would grow. They would feel alive
after this process. Slide 24 Rain came to a stop about the 1200s
and they moved near the water. Anasazi still live in the Southwest,
but not in cliff dwellings. These were only occupied when there was
rain. Slide 25 Makah- People of the Coast From the Olympic
Peninsula where they were surrounded by water. They relied on fish
and other animals for food. Slide 26 In the warm months they lived
along streams and caught salmon Slide 27 During the winter months,
they would canoe out to the seas and catch whales, sea lions,
otters, and more They depended on this food they caught all year.
Slide 28 Lived on dried salmon and other fish Slide 29 They made
baskets, wooden masks, and other wooden objects made from cedar
tree. Slide 30 If they had extra food or projects, they had
potlatch ceremonies where the wealthy gave to their guests Slide 31
Each year they held a ceremony to honor the salmon and their return
to the rivers of the land. Slide 32 Mississippians: People of the
River Slide 33 Built a network of trade from The Great Lakes to the
Gulf of Mexico Slide 34 Chert- used for weapons and tools Traded
chert for shells, copper, and jewelry Slide 35 Muscogee (Creek)-
Very similar to Mississippians Lived along rivers and streams and
built mounds just like Mississippians They lived in an area that is
now Alabama and Georgia Slide 36 They hunted, fished, gathered
fruits and nuts. Planted beans and corn They built villages
surrounded by tall wooden fences Slide 37 Dozens of small houses in
a village. Each family owned two. Slide 38 One house was for winter
and one was for summer One was light and airy for summer, and one
was warm and solid for winter Slide 39 Houses surrounded a plaza
where the town council met. The council was made up of men who were
brave and wise. One man was the chief Slide 40 Creek religious
ceremonies took place in the plaza too People gave thanks for the
harvest in mid- summer In this, people put anger issues aside and
vowed to live in peace. Then they feasted on corn It was living in
harmony with nature Slide 41 Life in an Iroquois Village Chapter 4
Lesson 3 Slide 42 The Iroquois Nation began in the 1400s. At the
time five people formed a confederation They were hoping to make
peace among their members They called themselves the Haudenosaunee-
(ho DUH nuh shawnee) People of the Long House Slide 43 The long
house is where they lived. Several families were in one. Slide 44
Women- Were often the most important within the group. So when they
married, they often lived with the womans family Slide 45 If they
lived together, they worked together. They divided the work equally
between men and women Slide 46 Men- hunted, fished, and farmed The
work they did was for everyone to share. Slide 47 Men also fought
in war when Iroquois went to war Slide 48 Women- raised crops and
took charge of the daily life. They made sure everyone in the
village had their basic needs. SquashCornbeans Foodclothingshelter
Slide 49 They believed every part of nature had its own spirit.
plantTreeanimal They prayed to the spirits and asked for help in
hunting and farming. Slide 50 They also believed they should only
take what was needed and nothing more. Slide 51 They shared no
matter how little they had. No one went hungry. Everyone helped
each other. Cooperation was so important Slide 52 In fact, without
cooperation, they would not survive. The five people belonging to
the nation were always at war with each other. If a Cayuga killed a
Seneca, then a Seneca would kill a Cayuga in return Continually
tried to get even Slide 53 Hiawatha- Tired of the fighting, he took
advice from a Peace Maker. He advised joining together as a single
naion. Slide 54 Hiawatha made this happen by going to all the
villages to call peace Slide 55 The Great Council- 49 chiefs They
brought an end to wars They remembered the words of Hiawatha Slide
56 Worked together and built a great nation.
