Social Studies CRCT Study Guide

Based on 3rd Grade Georgia Performance

Standards

By: Clemons’ Creations

3rd Grade Social Studies CRCT Study Guide

Economic Understandings SS3E1 The student will describe the four types of productive resources: a. Natural (land)

b. Human (labor)

c. Capital (capital goods)

d. Entrepreneurship (used to create goods and services)

SS3E2 The student will explain that governments provide certain types of goods and services in a market economy, and pay for these through taxes and will describe services such as schools, libraries, roads, police/fire protection, and military.

Economics People usually use money to buy the things they need. These things are called goods. Anything that

people buy or sell is called goods.

When people do a job in exchange for money, they are providing service to people. Services are any kind of work that people do for other people.

Money people earn is called income.

Sometimes people have to give up one thing to buy something they really want or need. This is called opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the thing people give up to do what they most want.

The people who make goods are called producers.

Scarcity is a lack of goods and services. Scarcity takes place when the people who make goods and services cannot provide enough for everyone who wants them.

Supply is how much of a product companies make. Companies make more of what people want. Companies make less of the things people are not buying.

The people who use and buy goods are called consumers.

PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES ~Natural resources (often called land) refer to resources such as coal, water, trees, and land itself. ~Human resources (labor) describe the human work effort, both physical and mental, expended in production. ~Capital resources are the man-made physical resources (such as buildings, tools, machines, and equipment) used in production.

Government/Civic Understandings

SS3CG1 The student will explain the importance of the basic principles that provide the foundation of a republican form of government. a. Explain why in the United States there is a separation of power between branches of government and levels of government. b. Name the three levels of government (national, state, local) and the three branches in each (executive, legislative, judicial), including the names of the legislative branch (Congress, General Assembly, county commission or city council). c. State an example of the responsibilities of each level and branch of government.

~ The United States Government creates and enforces laws and provides services. People create governments for protection. ~ Democracy means “rule by the people.” In the United States, citizens who are 18 or older elect a president and representatives to government positions.

~ Our government is divided into 3 separate branches. This is called separation of powers. Separation of powers limits what each branch of government can do. ~When branches of government have different powers, no branch of government can become too strong. Each branch can stop the other from doing certain things. This is called checks and balances. ~The legislative branch makes laws for the whole country. It is also called congress. Congress is broken into 2 parts: The Senate and The House of Representatives. ~The President is head of the executive branch. Citizens vote to decide who will be President. The President can approve or stop laws made by Congress. ~The executive branch of government makes sure laws are carried out. The third branch of government is the judicial branch. The Supreme Court is the head of the judicial branch. The courts in the judicial branch decide what laws mean and if they obey the Constitution.

A Direct Democracy: A government in which people vote to make their own rules and laws (what they had in Greece)

A Representative Democracy: A government in which people vote for representatives. The representatives make rules and laws that govern themselves and the people. (what we have in the USA)

Greece was a democracy. It was not a perfect

democracy, but it established the roots of

democracy. We owe Greece a lot!

Frederick Douglass 1817–1895 Abolitionist- Civil Rights Frederick Douglass knew from experience that slavery was wrong. Douglass was born into slavery in Maryland. He secretly taught himself to read and write. He formed a secret school for other enslaved African-Americans. When he was twenty, Douglass dressed himself as a sailor and escaped to New York. He lived in

New York as a free man. Later he moved to Massachusetts and met other abolitionists (a boh LISH uhn ists). Abolitionists

were people who wanted to end slavery. Douglass gave speeches about the cruelty of slavery. He wrote a book about his early life as an enslaved person. Douglass started a newspaper, the North Star. He also helped hide enslaved people who had escaped to the North. Douglass kept fighting for equal rights for the rest of his life.

Susan B. Anthony

American reformer and leader of the women's suffrage movement Born in Adams, Massachusetts, 1820 and died in 1906 Teacher in New York state at 17 years old Susan B. Anthony believed that women had the same rights as men She worked diligently to change the laws so that women could vote. She gave speeches all across the United States about the importance of voting in a democracy In 1920, the Constitution was changed to approve women’s right to vote in every state.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 32nd President, 1933–1945 (The New Deal and World War 2) Born: January 30, 1882 at Hyde Park, New York Died: April 12, 1945 Education: Graduate of Harvard University, attended Columbia Law School In 1921, Roosevelt got a serious disease called Polio that affected his ability to walk. In 1929, a long period of hard economic times called the Great Depression began. The United States’ economy was not doing well when Roosevelt became President in 1933. Many

businesses and banks closed. Millions of workers lost their jobs. In the 1930s, he signed a series of laws called the New Deal. New Deal programs created jobs and

helped the economy. Many Americans loved Roosevelt for the help the New Deal gave them. When he ran for President

again, he was reelected. He was the first and only person elected to four terms as president. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Japan was on the

side of Germany and Italy. The United States could no longer stay out of the war. It entered on the side of Great Britain and France. The war was called World War 2.

FDR’s portrait appears on one side of the dime. He was the first president to appear on television. He was the first and only person elected to four terms as president.

Eleanor Roosevelt 1884–1962 Social Reformer, Diplomat, and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt spent much of her life trying

to make other people's lives better. Later, Eleanor Roosevelt married. Her

husband, Franklin Roosevelt, was elected President of the United States in 1932.

As First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt worked for equal rights for women and African Americans.

She also spoke about the rights of children and helped people living in poverty. While she was First Lady, Roosevelt gave over seventy speeches every year. She wrote 2,500 newspaper columns and published six books.

In 1945, Roosevelt began working at the

United Nations. The United Nations is a group

of people from many different countries,

working to promote peace.

Roosevelt visited many countries while she

worked with the United Nations. She became

known as “the first lady of the world” because

she defended the rights of people around

the globe

THURGOOD MARSHALL (Civil Rights) • Born: July 2, 1908. Baltimore, Maryland; Died:

January 24, 1993, Washington, D.C. • Thurgood Marshall’s career was in law. • He went to Howard University Law School where

African Americans were accepted. Many schools in the 1940s and 1950s did not accept African Americans. As a lawyer, he worked to change this.

• He wanted justice, or fair laws, for African Americans.

• In 1954, Marshall was on the team of lawyers in the historic Supreme Court trial v. Board of Education (1954).

• The Supreme Court agreed that separate schools for African Americans were not legal. Marshall won his biggest case.

• After many years as a successful lawyer and judge fighting for civil rights and women's rights, Marshall was appointed to the supreme court in 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

• On the supreme court, Marshall continued his fight

for human rights until he retired on June 27, 1991.

Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson was born in Texas. He was 55 years old when he took the oath

as president of the United States after John F. Kennedy's assassination in Dallas on 22 November 1963.

In 1936 he became a congressman with close personal ties to Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In 1948 he became senator.

When Kennedy was assassinated, Johnson had twenty-six years of political experience and was ready for the job as 36th president of the United States of America.

Civil rights and a 'war on poverty' were two of his biggest issues and were in the tradition of the New Deal.

After his landslide victory in the 1964 election he introduced his brainchild 'Great Society', which initiatives aimed at improving the health, nutrition and education of (poor) Americans. The ambitious Great Society had its greatest successes in its first years, notably the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed racial discrimination in public accommodations and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which ensured the right to vote for all.

Cesar Chavez: Labor Leader (March 31, 1927 - April 23, 1993) Mexican-American labor leader who used

non-violent methods to fight for the rights of migrant farm workers

His family lost the farm when Cesar was 10 years old (during the Great Depression), and became migrant farm workers.

As a youth, Cesar worked part-time in the farm fields with his family in Arizona and California as they moved from farm to farm, harvesting the fields.

The NFWA organized strikes. Some agreements were eventually made between the farm workers union and the growers. In order to force growers to further improve farm worker conditions, Chavez organized a nation-wide lettuce boycott.

In 1968, Chavez organized a five-year "grape boycott," a movement that urged people to stop buying California grapes until farm workers had contracts insuring better pay and safer working conditions. The name of the union was changed to the United Farm Workers (the UFW) in 1974. Chavez's motto was "Si, se puede."

PAUL REVERE (Independence) Born: January 1, 1735 in Boston, Massachusetts Died: May 10, 1818 The British imposed new taxes and many

unpopular laws on the colonists. As a member of the “Sons of Liberty”, Paul

Revere took part in the famous Boston Tea Party. Paul Revere to warn people in Lexington that British soldiers were coming.

Paul Revere is one of many patriots that are remembered to this day for the

important part he played in helping our nation gain independence from Britain.

Lines of

Longitude and

Latitude