Social Studies FlashCardsBy:Ashanti Henderson

The Great Awakening• Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s.

• Preached ideas that went against Puritan beliefs and teachings.

• JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.

• This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion.

• The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.

William Penn• William Penn established a

colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.• Believed that each person

was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

Benjamin Franklin• Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father

• 1706 – 1790• Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in

his book helped shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

• Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies

• Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life

• Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence

• Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War

• Considered to be the “first civilized American”• Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and

the Franklin stove

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period

• Free Blacks During the Colonial Period:• Political – no political voice; limited /

restricted rights• Economic – low wage earners• Social – lowest social class; limited

access to education; socially isolated

Slaves During the Colonial Period:

• Political – no political voice; no rights• Economic – labor of the Plantation

System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents

• Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization:

• Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

• Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida

How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of Representative Government in the American

Colonies

• Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies.

• Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.

• Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government

Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the

Colonial Period• Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order

• Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)

• Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

Mayflower Compact•Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule.• A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in • the colonies.

House of Burgesses• First elected body of

representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia.

• Based on Parliament

New England Colonies• Along the Atlantic Coast• Subsistence farming• Poor soil• Cold climate• Forests•  •  • Economic factors: raw materials, logging,

fishing shipbuilding• Political factors: town meetings,

representative government• Social factors: small coastal towns (Boston

only large city)• Religious factors: Puritans, Pilgrims

Middle Colonies• Rich soil• Broad, deep rivers• More natural ports• River valleys• Mild winters• Raw materials• Economic factors: large farms, logging, fishing,

shipbuilding• Political factors: more tolerance; diversity• Social factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia,

Baltimore, New York were large cities)• Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics

Southern Colonies• Appalachian Mountains

• Navigable rivers• Richer soil• Warm climate• Raw materials• Economic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco,

rice, cotton• Political factors: more slaves, more class-based

society• Social factors and small coastal towns (Savannah,

Charleston were large cities)• Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics

(Maryland), more diverse

American Revolution Era, 1775 - 1783

• Taxation without Representation• Boston Massacre• Boston Tea Party• Unalienable Rights• Battles of Lexington and

Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown• Declaration of Independence• Articles of Confederation

1776• *Adoption of the Declaration of Independence• *Main Author: Thomas Jefferson• *Committee Included: Ben Franklin, John

Adams, Roger Livingston

• *“Common Sense”• Written by: Thomas Paine

Effects of Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Major

Historical and Contemporary Events• Physical geographic factors – proximity to Atlantic

coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

• The NewEngland Middle colonies had access to waterways that resulted in high population and larger urban areas.

• Southern colonies had an abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agricultural society

• Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict (ex. Georgia as a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida)

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave the document credibility.

Triangular Trade Route

• First elected body of representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia.

• Based on Parliament.

Abigail Adams

• Wife of John Adams• Served as John Adams’ confidant and

support while he served in the Continental Congress, when John and others were considering a declaration of independence.

• Abigail reminded him to “remember the ladies”; take care of the women who could not hold themselves bound by laws in which they had no voice.

• Advocate for women’s rights.

John Adams• Lawyer and politician• Defended the British soldiers after

the Boston Massacre• A member of the Continental

Congress (representing Massachusetts)

• Strong supporter of independence• Member of the committee that wrote

the Declaration of Independence

Sam Adams• American Patriot• Played a role in many of the events

which contributed to the Revolution • Including: Sons of Liberty, organized

opposition to the Stamp Act and the Boston Massacre

• Member of the Continental Congress (representing Massachusetts)

• Cousin to John Adams

Wentworth Cheswell• African American

Patriot• Like Paul Revere, he made an all-night ride back from Boston to warn his community tof the impending British invasion• Served in the Continental Army• Fought at the Battle of Saratoga

Mercy Otis Warren

•Wife of a Massachusetts Patriot•Anonymously wrote several propaganda pieces supporting the Patriot cause

James Armistead

• *Slave in Virginia• *Marquis de Lafayette recruited him as a

spy for the Continental Army.• *Posed as a double agent, forger and

servant at British headquarters.• *He moved freely between the lines with

vital information on British troop movements for Lafayette

• *Contributed to the American victory at Yorktown

Benjamin Franklin• *A member of the committee that wrote the

Declaration of Independence.• *Spent most of the time during the American

Revolution in France.• *He represented the colonies as the American

envoy starting in 1776 and returned in 1785.• *He negotiated the alliance with France for

support after the victory at Saratoga.• *Member of the committee that negotiated

the terms for the Treaty of Paris in 1783 that ended the war

Bernardo de’ Galvez• *Spanish nobleman• *Became governor of the Spanish

province of Louisiana (January 1777)

• *protected American ships in the port of New Orleans

• *helped transport war supplies• *took up arms to fight the British

and protect Louisiana

Crispus Attucks• African American male• Unemployed dockworker in Boston,

MA• Became the first casualty (first to

die) of the American Revolution • Shot and killed in what became

known as the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770

Patrick Henry• Member of the Virginia House of

Burgesses• Spoke against the Stamp Act• Famous quote, “Give me liberty,

or give me death!”• During the American Revolution

he served in the Continental Army

Thomas Jefferson• Virginian• Early leader in the American

Revolution• Delegate to the Constinental

Congress in Philadelphia in 1776• Member of the committee that

wrote the Declaration of Independence

• Chief author of the Declaration of Independence