SocializationSocialization

And Gender RolesAnd Gender Roles

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Gender RolesGender Roles

Patterns of Patterns of attitudeattitude and and behaviorbehavior that a that a society society expectsexpects of its of its members because of members because of their being female or their being female or malemale

The “Woman’s World”The “Woman’s World”

Was the home.Was the home.

Was caregiver.Was caregiver.

To comfort and care To comfort and care for her husband.for her husband.

Women are supposed to be:Women are supposed to be:

ShyShy

Easily intimidatedEasily intimidated

QuietQuiet

PassivePassive

The “Man’s World”The “Man’s World”

Breadwinner.Breadwinner.Manual labor.Manual labor.Compete with other Compete with other men.men.Was outside of the Was outside of the home.home.Had to leave home to Had to leave home to work in the harsh and work in the harsh and heartless jungle of heartless jungle of society.society.

Men are supposed to be:Men are supposed to be:

BoldBold

AmbitiousAmbitious

AggressiveAggressive

CompetitiveCompetitive

More Gender DifferencesMore Gender Differences

Women are dependent and in need of Women are dependent and in need of male protection.male protection.Men are independent and fit to be leaders.Men are independent and fit to be leaders.Women are expected to be emotional.Women are expected to be emotional.Men should hold back their emotions.Men should hold back their emotions.Women are more likely to express feelings Women are more likely to express feelings of sympathy, sadness, and distress, but of sympathy, sadness, and distress, but are more inhibited with regard to anger or are more inhibited with regard to anger or sexual desire.sexual desire.

How Do Gender Roles Affect Us?How Do Gender Roles Affect Us?

Gender Roles ElsewhereGender Roles Elsewhere

The Arapesh of New The Arapesh of New Guinea men behave Guinea men behave in what would be in what would be considered considered femininefeminine in America.in America.

Another tribe in New Another tribe in New Guinea, the Guinea, the Mundugumor, both Mundugumor, both sexes express sexes express masculine masculine traits.traits.

Gender Roles ElsewhereGender Roles Elsewhere

Typical U.S. gender roles Typical U.S. gender roles can be found in most can be found in most societies.societies.

Men take on the primary Men take on the primary role of breadwinner and role of breadwinner and women hold the women hold the secondary role of secondary role of homemaker.homemaker.

Even in hunting and Even in hunting and gathering societies, men gathering societies, men are the dominate gender.are the dominate gender.

Biological ConstraintsBiological Constraints

XX and XY (Men are susceptible to 30 XX and XY (Men are susceptible to 30 types of genetic defects, such as types of genetic defects, such as hemophilia and color blindness.)hemophilia and color blindness.)

Men tend to mature more slowly than Men tend to mature more slowly than women.women.

A higher percentage of males are born A higher percentage of males are born and die at a higher rate than females.and die at a higher rate than females.

FactsFactsMale births slightly outnumber female births, but boys have a higher death rate if born premature: 22 Male births slightly outnumber female births, but boys have a higher death rate if born premature: 22 percent compared with 15 percent for girls. percent compared with 15 percent for girls.

Overall, more newborn males die than females (5 to 4). Overall, more newborn males die than females (5 to 4).

Sudden infant death syndrome is one and a half times more common in boys than girls. Sudden infant death syndrome is one and a half times more common in boys than girls. As teenagers, boys die at twice the rate of girls. As teenagers, boys die at twice the rate of girls.

Men have fewer infection-fighting T-cells and are thought to have weaker immune systems than women. Men have fewer infection-fighting T-cells and are thought to have weaker immune systems than women.

By the age of 36, women outnumber men. By the age of 36, women outnumber men.

Stroke, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and accidents--all among the top causes of death--kill men at a Stroke, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and accidents--all among the top causes of death--kill men at a higher rate than women. higher rate than women.

American men typically die almost six years before women do. American men typically die almost six years before women do.

By the age of 100, women outnumber men eight to one. By the age of 100, women outnumber men eight to one.

Biological ConstraintsBiological Constraints

Men are on average bigger and stronger Men are on average bigger and stronger than women.than women.

The brain of men and women are different The brain of men and women are different too.too.– There is less specialization in the female There is less specialization in the female

brain. Therefore females use both brain. Therefore females use both hemispheres of the brainhemispheres of the brain

– Females experience greater cell growth in her Females experience greater cell growth in her language-dominated hemispherelanguage-dominated hemisphere

Biological ConstraintsBiological Constraints

Female babies are more sensitive to Female babies are more sensitive to sound.sound.

Male infants are more vigorous and Male infants are more vigorous and inclined to explore.inclined to explore.

Girls are superior in language and Girls are superior in language and descriptive.descriptive.

Boys visualize.Boys visualize.– Men don’t ask for directions, right?Men don’t ask for directions, right?

The Role of CultureThe Role of Culture

Biological differences do not explain male Biological differences do not explain male superiority and female inferiority.superiority and female inferiority.

Culture defines our gender roles.Culture defines our gender roles.

Culture drives our Culture drives our expectationsexpectations of of behaviorbehavior and and traitstraits..

Socialization AgentsSocialization Agents

The family’s role?The family’s role?

The peer group’s role?The peer group’s role?

The school’s role?The school’s role?

The media’s role?The media’s role?

Gender SkitsGender Skits

In a group put together a skit about gender In a group put together a skit about gender roles. Your skit should show how the family, roles. Your skit should show how the family, the peer group, the school, or the media the peer group, the school, or the media influence gender roles. Each person in your influence gender roles. Each person in your group must participate in the skit. A script group must participate in the skit. A script will be drafted and turned in at the time of will be drafted and turned in at the time of your presentation. You may bring in props your presentation. You may bring in props and/or use items in the classroom to and/or use items in the classroom to incorporate into your skit. The skit should incorporate into your skit. The skit should be no longer than 3-minutes.be no longer than 3-minutes.