SocialBy: Conrad Bhamani, Micco Brisker, Alex Butterwick, Brad Callaham, &

Morgan Childress

Up to 600 BCE

• Americas- North: Olmec- Elite benefit commoners; South: Elite on raised platforms

• Europe- Celtic warriors dominated • Middle East- Mesopotamian high class benefit

from trade • Asia-Chinese family based with respected elders• Africa- Stratified society• Oceania- Polytheism society with social relations

600 BCE – 600 CE

• America- North: Teotihuacan elite controlled; South: Moche commoners farmed

• Europe- Roman slaves and citizens divided• Middle East- Persia warriors, peasants, and magi

separated • Asia- Decline women status (Gupta Empire) • Africa- Christianity separated societies • Oceania-Animism

600 BCE – 1450

• America- Poor women central religious role; patriarchal society

• Europe- Nobles unlimited power on serfs • Middle East- women live in seclusion • Asia- Revolt on female role in Buddhism because of

Wu Zhao• Africa- Bantu Migrations • Oceania- Polytheism migrations

1450-1750

• America- Slavery • Europe- Peasants-serfdom, Wealthy- bourgeoisie • Middle East- Harem• Asia- Slavery in Patriarchal society• Africa- Slavery • Oceania- Disease epidemic decrease social

interaction

1740-1900

• America- Abolition of slavery • Europe- Feminism • Middle East- Patriarchal society • Asia- Emancipation of Serfs • Africa- Ethnic tension • Oceania- New Zealand and Australia relations

1900 - Present

• America- Transmission of US Culture • Europe-increased focus on human rights• Middle East- Social tension of Muslim and Jews• Asia- Japan Caste system change • Africa- Segregation of races (Europeans in Africa)• Oceania- Increase rights for aborigines

Alex Cronin, Tara Deehan, Katy Downs, Mustafa Faroon, Noah

Gibson

APWH- Final Review Presentations: Thematic PowerPoint

POLITICAL

• AFRICA: Regional Kingdoms; North African Pharaohs; Kingdoms of Kush and Egypt; Tribal governments

• ASIA: Era of Warring States; Dynastic rule; Mandate of Heaven; Regional kingdoms and empires; tribal governments; Aryan invasions

• EUROPE: Village governments; Greek city- states; Greek colonization• MIDDLE EAST: city-states; Code of Hammurabi; Persian Empire and

Hellenistic Empire• OCEANIA: Regional Kingdoms• THE AMERICAS: Mesoamerica and Andes Mountain civilizations-

small river civilizations that are closer to the ocean

Up to 600 BCE

• AFRICA: Kings couldn’t expand territory due to geographical land barriers; Pharaohs; Kingdoms of Kush, Axum and Ethiopia; Regional Kingdoms

• ASIA: Han dynasty dominated Eastern Asia by empires; Great Wall; centralized government; Mandate of Heaven

• EUROPE: Greece first to present democracy; Roman Empire; Byzantine Empire; Hellenistic Empire

• MIDDLE EAST: Persian Empire ruled by kings• OCEANIA: Had regional kingdoms• THE AMERICAS: Olmec left stone heads to

commemorate past kings; Tribal government; city-states; Mayan civilizations; Andean societies and civilizations

600 BCE- 600 CE

• AFRICA: Regional kingdoms; Mamluk dynasties

• ASIA: Japanese feudalism; Tang and Song dynasties; Mongol and Ming dynasty

• EUROPE: Holy Roman Empire; Mongol invasions; Islamic Iberian peninsula; Byzantine Empire; Ottoman and Seljuk incursion

• MIDDLE EAST: Crusades; Mongol destruction of Baghdad

• OCEANIA: Regional kingdoms• THE AMERICAS: Regional tribal organizations;

Aztec and Incan Empires

600 CE- 1450

• AFRICA: Cape Colony founded; Regional kingdoms• ASIA: Mughal Dynasty in India- Akbar rule; British tries to colonize; Ming

China- bureaucracy and patronized the arts; Tah Mahal built for Mumtaz Mahal by husband Shah Jahan

• EUROPE: Monarchies in Britain and France- maintained strong armies, established elaborate bureaucracies, imposed high taxes to support frequent wars on European continent

• MIDDLE EAST: The Ottoman Empire- fell due to size; too difficult to administer such a big empire; lost ability to maintain a large army and bureaucracy

• OCEANIA: Regional kingdoms• THE AMERICAS: COLONIZATION- The Aztecs and Incas fell to the Spaniards

1450-1750

• AFRICA: : Colonial rule under European powers (South Africa under British Rule)

• ASIA: European control over plantations, farms, and installed governments loyal to them

• EUROPE: British, France, and the Netherlands controlled colonies world-wide and had alliances with locals or installed their own governments

• MIDDLE EAST: Ottoman empires weakened due to political opposition due to reforms, standardized taxation, and to bring the central government control

• OCEANIA: The U.S. purchased the Philippines from Spain to keep it away from other imperialistic powers, they crushed resistance with force to keep its global interests

• THE AMERICAS: Spaniards overthrew the local Spanish officials, Agustín was overthrown and made a republic

1740-1900

• AFRICA: Independence movements; Suez Crisis; ethnic conflicts

• ASIA: End of the Qing dynasty; world wars; Japanese occupation; communism (China); Korean War; Vietnam War; Russian Revolution; Cold War; glasnost; end of communism/ independence movements

• EUROPE: World Wars; Fascism; Berlin Wall; Terrorism; Communism

• MIDDLE EAST: Iranian Revolution; Iran- Iraq War; Persian Gulf War; War in Afghanistan; Terrorism (Al-Qaeda); US Coalition- Iraq War

• OCEANIA: World Wars; British common wealth• THE AMERICAS: World War; Cold War; Civil

Rights movements; US superpower; Mexican Revolution; Cuban Revolution; democracy

1900- present

ReligionRebecca HaberClare JamiesonBrandon Kim

Josh GrayConnor Greisinger

• Africa: In Egypt, used amulets to ward of evil, believed in diverse gods, pharaoh as chief priest of Egypt, afterlife central to their religion

• Asia: Shang China: people linked to the ruler, who was linked to the ancestors (using oracle bones), who were linked to Di (the supreme god); Zhou China: introduces idea of ruler's "Mandate of Heaven"

• Europe: Celts: polytheistic, worship deities like the god of light, buried their dead; Greeks: polytheistic, sacrifice, oracles

• Middle East: In Mesopotamia, had many priests, temple complexes with ziggurats, feared gods because of natural disasters, animal sacrifices

• Oceania: local traditional religions (not yet widely inhabited)

• Americas: Polytheistic deities both male and female, shamans gave the people advice from the god

Up to 600 B.C.E.

• Africa: small amounts of Christianity in the north, largely dominated by polytheistic religions- gods based on nature and human characteristics

• Asia: Hinduism(focuses on dharma and moksha) and Buddhism founded in India, Buddhism widely accepted throughout Asia(based on 4 noble truths and 8 fold path), philosophies (Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism) rise in China

• Europe: spread of Christianity beginning in Roman Empire and small amounts of Judaism

• Middle East: Judaism common, founding of Christianity, Zoroastrianism in Iran

• Oceania: small amounts of Hinduism and Buddhism, most people still polytheistic

• The Americas: polytheistic values, many spirits and gods based on nature, religious sacrifices common

600 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

• Africa: Islam spread over Northern Africa (Arabia Algeria Morocco Spain)

• Asia: Neo-Confucian revolts against Buddhism (750-879) [Han Yu was precursor to Neo-Confucianism; Buddhism "undermined family"]

• Europe: Crusades (1095-1204): Armed pilgrimages to Holy Land; Christians vs. Muslims; "Truce of God" = Christian motivation

• Middle East: Islam born in Arabia: prophet Muhammad = messenger of God/Allah; Islam = "Submission" to God

• Oceania: Rise of Islam in Indian Ocean Trade; 1400: Muslim trading communities

• Americas: Polytheism prominent; Teotihuacan and other cities; Mayans, Aztecs, etc.

600 C.E.- 1450

VS VS

• Africa: Islam and Christianity continue to spread, though many traditional religions

• Asia: Dominated by Islam and Hinduism, Islam in Mughal empire, some Confucianism in China, European missionaries attempt to spread Christianity

• Europe: Christianity dominates Europe; Martin Luther starts the Protestant Reformation

• Middle East: Islam spreads throughout (ex. Hagia Sophia becomes a mosque)

• Oceania: Islam spreads due to trade with Africa and Middle East

• Americas: Christianity dominates due to colonization by Europe, Catholic missionaries educate and spread religion (ex. Jesuits in Canada)

1450-1750

• Africa: through New Imperialism, endeavor of European and North American Christian missionaries to convert African "heathens", who found Christian ideals clashed with colonial exploitation

• Asia: Hong Xiuquan's Christian movement in China, seeing himself as the younger brother of Jesus with a mission to establish the "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace" (led to Taiping rebellion)

• Europe: during French Revolution, Catholicism attacked by the government (forcing priests to marry, abolishing Sundays, etc.); clergy called "First Estate"

• Middle East: Tanzimat reforms in Ottoman Empire (in 1839), shrinking the jurisdiction of Shari'a (Islamic law), making Christians more in favor of Tanzimat than Muslims

• Oceania: after US annexation of Hawaii in 1898, many Americans move to Hawaii, bringing Christianity to the remote Pacific

• Americas: Latin America dominated by Catholicism; priests (Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and José María Morelos) driving force of revolution in Mexico

1750-1900

• Africa: Christianity spread through missionary schools, also teaching basic literacy (mostly west and south Africa)

• Asia: mix of religions/philosophies: Buddhism in southeast Asia, North Korea, Japan, and Tibet (China); Confucianism in China; Hinduism in India; and Islam in India and Bangladesh

• Europe: after dissolution of Soviet Union, "ethnic cleansing" of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Orthodox Serbs

1900- Present

• Middle East: conflict and animosity between Jewish Israel and Islamic Arab states (e.g. Palestine and Iran)

• Oceania: today, mix of religions in Australia and New Zealand, but over 50% Christian

• Americas: many adherents to the Catholic Church, which has influence on politics, including opposition to abortion and gay marriage; Evangelical Protestants a major conservative force in US since 2000s

Intellectual Accomplishments of the WorldHrisheek Radhakrishnan, Mikey

Newell, Juanita Pardo, Charles Mills, Maddie Langley, Anairis Quinones

Up to 600 B.C.E.• Structures and buildings – cities, momumental building, new skills

used• Law codes – Hammurabi of Babylon, used for centuries• Writing – cuneiform, recordkeeping• Hawi – Compiled by Razi, most thorough medical encyclopedia of its

time• Math – Base 60 number system (still used today in time)

600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.• Africa: Bantu language invented and developed by

sub-Saharan Africans • Asia: Confucius, philosophies based on governmental

morality, social relationships and justice, Daoism, and Legalism

• Europe: The language Latin was developed in the 6th century, Socrates, dialectic philosophy, Pax-Romana (the terms of peace)

• Middle East: Persian militarism • Oceania: Australia - Culture didn’t diffuse past

regions inhabited by individual societies, geography stories

• The Americas: Inca - concept of sin and judgment

600 C.E. – 1450

• Renaissance – cultural and intellectual revival• Literature and art – religious, new meaning, Arabian Nights • Architecture – revived, new styles• Scholasticism – reconcile reason with faith in God and

Christianity• Universities – places of learning• Arabic Numerals created in India, spread all the way to Europe

1450 – 1750• Scientific Revolution: scientific method, new discoveries like state of

matter• Enlightenement: philosophers and new ways of thinking (like application of

scientific method to government)• Voltaire, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu – big philosophesr at the time• Heliocentric Theory – Earth revolves around sun, gamechanging• Isaac Newton’s laws of motion – understood gravity• Galileo – Confirmed Copernicus’s theories, suffered for it

1750 – 1900 • Thomas Edison – Invented incandescent lightbulb• Muhammad Ali – Egyptian intellectual, modernized

Egypt in early 19th century• Anarchists – intellectual group of revolutionaries

who fought to abolish all private property and government, usually with the use of violence

• Mercantilism – intellectual system, government policies tried to promote overseas trade between countries and their colonies

• Positivism – intellectual system, social and economic problems could be solved using the scientific method

• Laissez Faire – intellectual system, the government should refrain from interfering in economic affairs

1900 – Present• War Tactics – Trench Warfare, Dog Fights, Use

of Gas• Marxism and Communism play huge roles as

opposition to Capitalism• Alliances (Allies, Central Powers, Axis Powers)

and groups of Countries (League of Nations, UN, EU)

• Terrorism plays an increased role as a way to show that your government cannot protect you

• New pro-environment groups and legislation• Feminism and protests for women to gain

more rights, which they do

By LeeAnn Rowley, Anna Rhodes, Daniel le Stagger, and

Matt hew Shannon

Up to 600 BCE (Asia) Indus River Valley- irrigation systems(Africa) Egypt- papyrus(writing medium) and mummification(Middle East) Mesopotamia- developed the first-known writing system known as cuneiform(Americas) Andean region- introduced metallurgy to the Western Hemisphere(Europe) Phoenicia(the Mediterranean)- luxury goods(ivory, glass and textiles)(Oceania) Australia- tribal art and jewelry

600 BCE to 600 CE Central Asia- transportation such as camels, horses and chariots were developed and used on road networks to assist trade(Europe) Rome- aqueduct(water conduits)Oceania- ships for trade within the PacificMiddle East- coinage (Americas) Latin America- complex architecture(Africa) The Sahara- caravans and caravan routes

600 CE to 1450Africa- spread of the use of ironAsia- paper mills, guns and cannons, moveable type, stirrup, The Silk RoadEurope- Algebra, larger horses, armor for knights, moldboard plow, the horse collar, the breast-strap harnessMiddle East- invention and use of coins in monetary systemOceania- lanteen sail from Indian Ocean usedAmericas- levers and stone tools, mound-building, the bow and arrow, copper and alloy use,

1450 to 1750Africa- dams, irrigation canals, and reservoirs to control water and flooding patternsAsia- gunpowder, high quality bronze and steel making, patrol ships (Korean), armored ships, gunpowder arrrow-launchersEurope- printing press invented in Germany, mathematics, crossbows,longbows pikes, firearms like an improved cannonMiddle East- papermaking became commonOceania- influence of Chinese junks in ship makingAmericas-use of larger animals like the llama

1740 to 1900Europe-modernizing-telegraphs, locomotives, cotton gins and pottery factory America's-modernizing-steam ships, Erie Canal Oceania-machinery used to get coffee and sugar from java Asia-modernizing-nemisis sails to china Africa- industrialization leading to new technology Middle East- military technology

1900 to PresentAmericas-advancements in communication (telegraph), military(atomic bombs), and functionality(household appliances) were introduced and improved Asia-technologically advanced, leading in robotics, automobile production and manufacturing Africa-Due to years of setback politically and economically, the technological industry lacks, with some countries very developed and some extremely undeveloped Middle East-still traditionally undeveloped with the bare minimum when it comes to industrialization and infrastructure. Europe-scientists and engineers initiated inventions which were then exported and perfected in other parts of the world Oceania-posess average war technology (though mostly peaceful). Used for nuclear testing throughout 20th century, and focuses on marine technology today

Economic Developments

Alex ThomsonAshlyn Wrobleski

Christian VarugheseCaitlin Tabilog

Before 600 BCE

• Africa- Agrarian nomadic tribes; pastoralism; metallurgy• Asia- Not much trade, self-sufficient, China isolationist.

Silk+rice major cash crops; pastoralism• Europe- Cultivation of cash crops, grains and pulses• Middle East- Nomads moved, cultivated, and traded with

weather patterns; droughts forced locals to barter for food• Oceania- Trade contact with East Asia and Indian Ocean• The Americas- Maize an important cash crop; trading of

potatoes+protein-rich grains

600 BCE-600 CE• Africa- Egypt dominated economy, craftsmen skilled in metalworking

highly valued; copper an important resource • Asia- Xiongnu herders produced valuable artwork for sale; Han

wanted to appease them, produced gifts of rice and silk• Europe- Celts spread metallurgical skills, valuable artifacts; due to

tribal lifestyle, trade between different groups occurred often (potatoes)

• Middle East- Neo-Assyrian Empire exploited wealth of subjects; Phoenican exports contributed greatly to dye industry

• Oceania- Continued interaction between East Asia and countries (islands) of the Indian Ocean

• The Americas- Llamas used for transportation of goods and people, Chavin trade created network of people throughout Peru

600 CE- 1450• Africa- Increased contact between tribes; establishment of small

tribal conglomerates/civilizations increased commerce• Asia- With rise of Mongols, Yuan Empire elevated status of

merchants; commoners took many such positions• Europe- Manorial system of serfs bound to the land of the lord of

the manor; feudalism• Oceania- Dhows in Philippines, New Zealand, etc. involved in trade

of luxury goods• The Americas- Aztecs imposed tribute system, forced conquered

peoples to pay taxes of goods and labor; other empires emulated this system

1450-1750• Africa- Slave trade blossomed, European colonies demanded increased

labor of locals for manpower and raw materials like ivory, gold, etc.• Asia- Collapse of Mongol rule lead to collapse of overland trade routes

(Silk Road); high tariffs along these routes led to increased dependence on maritime trade

• Europe- Colonization of the Americas, the Columbian Exchange led to the introduction of important crops like potatoes

• Middle East- Establishment of paper money in Mongol Il-Khan Empire; flourishing of Islamic culture+architecture led to higher employment rate of craftsmen/artisans

• Oceania- Indian Ocean trade blossomed; European colonization led to establishment of joint-stock companies and increase of commerce

• The Americas- System of indentured servitude grew in colonies

1750-1900• Africa- Emphasis on cotton production; Ethiopia grew strong by

manufacturing weapons; commercial ties grew between Africa and Europe

• Asia- Negotiated with British East India Company; tea an important commodity

• Europe- New machines allowed mass production; mechanization spread • Middle East- Slow to industrialize compared with Western empires,

decline of Ottoman Empire leads to establishment of new Turkish nation by Young Turks

• Oceania- New Zealand colonized by England, used for production of raw materials like rubber

• The Americas- Labor unions faced problems in factories; long hours and poor conditions led to numerous strikes

1900-Present• Africa- Mining provided jobs/wages; negotiated with Europeans for trade

of legitimate resources • Asia- Though at first hesitant to westernize, China industrialized to have

one of the highest GDPs in the world• Europe- Fiasco of WWI caused unemployment to vanish; Treaty of

Versailles all but destroyed German economy; Common Market promoted economic union

• Middle East- Though westernization was rejected, economy thrived due to oil industry

• Oceania- Independence of Fiji, Tonga and other islands in late 1900s resulted in economic reforms; streamlining of commerce

• The Americas- Latin America struggled to become economically independent, eventually succeeded; United States industry boosted by wars, eventually became world power