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SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
Chapter Three: Chapter Three: SocializationSocialization
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James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. Henslin
Chapter 3:Socialization
Look familiar? Or Chaos?Look familiar? Or Chaos?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2
Chapter 3:Socialization
Isolation, how bad can it get?
Isolation, how bad can it get?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 3
Chapter 3:Socialization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 4
Nature vs. Nurture - Oscar and Jack Workaholic v. leisurely
Feral Children Victor “Wild Boy”
Isolated Children Genie, Anna, Isabelle
Institutionalized Children Skeels and Dye Study Study of Orphanages 12 Control 13 Experimental 21 years later? 12 grade Average. 5 completed 1 or more
years of college, 1 to graduate school, 11 married All were self sufficiant
What is Human Nature?What is Human Nature?
Chapter 3:Socialization
Deprived Animals Deprived Animals
Harry and Margret Harlow (1962) Two artificial Mothers One with wire frame and wooden head One with no bottle but covered with soft
terrycloth What was the outcome? Page 67
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Chapter 3:Socialization
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Cooley and the Looking Glass Self Remember Symbolic Interactionism?? He Influenced it Duh! We Imagine How We Appear to Others
I’m Very Cool We Interpret Others’ Reactions
Do you like me? We Develop a Self-Concept
Positive and Negative Take the Role of the other
Someone else's shoes Significant Others – Parents, Siblings When do we act out on these principles? Generalized Other
Socialization into the Self and MindSocialization into the Self and Mind
Chapter 3:Socialization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 8
Mead and Role-Taking
Imitation
Socialization into the Self and MindSocialization into the Self and Mind
Chapter 3:Socialization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 9
Mead and Role-Taking
Imitation
Play
Socialization into the Self and MindSocialization into the Self and Mind
Chapter 3:Socialization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 10
Mead and Role-Taking
Imitation
Play
Games
Socialization into the Self and MindSocialization into the Self and Mind
Chapter 3:Socialization
George Herbert Mead – 1863-1929George Herbert Mead – 1863-1929 University of Chicago Generalized Other – Integrated conception of our
norms. “You get it!” Example – being honest >> Significant others
Self Concept - Self is not a structure, it is a process. The I acts and the Me defends the self as reflective of others. The combination of the Me and the I.
“I” is the spontaneous, and active part. “Me” is the socialized portion The “I” is the first reaction They are both in constant communication
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 11
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Piaget and the Development of Reasoning
Being human means having the ability to reason Sensorimotor Stage – Birth to age two
Do I have toes? Preoperational Stage –Two to age Seven
Count, Count what does that mean? Mountains Concrete Operational Stage – Seven to Twelve
Can take roles and participate in games, But … Truth? Formal Operational Stage – After age Twelve
Capable of abstract thinking Slavery Example! How in our country?
Socialization into the Self and MindSocialization into the Self and Mind
Chapter 3:Socialization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 13
Freud and the Development of Personality Physician in Vienna Austria in the early 1900’s Best known for what? Personality has three elements 1) ID – Inborn
Drives 2) EGO – The balancing force 3) Super EGO – Your Conscience, that voice we talked about.
The ID demands immediate self fulfillment for basic needs
The Super EGO represents the Culture Within Us Kohlber and the Development of Morality
Gilligan and Gender Differences in Morality
Learning Personality, Morality, and EmotionsLearning Personality, Morality, and Emotions
Chapter 3:Socialization
Work to outline the following people or Studies:Work to outline the following people or Studies:
Kohlberg and Gilligan P. 72-73 Theory on development? Gender differences?
Paul Ekman P.73 Global and Expressing Emotions Ifaluk P. 74 Colin Turnbull P. 74 The IK? Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis
What did they find? P. 75-76
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Chapter 3:Socialization
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Global Emotions
Expressing Emotions
What We Feel
Research Needed
The Self and Emotions as Social
Control - Society Within Us
Socialization into EmotionsSocialization into Emotions
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Colin Turnbull and the Ik
Passionless Society
Selfishness, Numbness, Lack of Concern
Only Good is Pursuit of Food
No School, No Church, No Family
Down-to-Earth SociologyDown-to-Earth Sociology
Chapter 3:Socialization
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The Self and Emotions as Social Control
Are We Free?
Expectations of Family and Friends
Social Mirror
Society Within UsSociety Within Us
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Gender Messages in the Family Goldberg and Lewis Could be Biological? Innate differences Monkeys – cars and Dolls
Gender Messages from Peers Wimpy Milkie Study - Discovery as boys
Gender Messages in the Mass Media Advertising
Socialization into GenderSocialization into Gender
20,000 commercials a year
G – Cooperative B – Aggressive
G – Giggly B – Dominant Unrealistic and inadequate leads to an
array of products to get you there
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into GenderSocialization into Gender
Television – reinforces stereotypes of the sexes Male characters outnumber females Males usually portrayed in higher status position Women's sports on television?
Cheerleaders though? Trivialized and mocked
Kim Possible, Xena, Alias,
Buffy the Vampire
More women are injured from being battered by men than
by all rapes, muggings and automobile crashes combined.
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Chapter 3:Socialization
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Religion On any given Sunday 2 out of 5 Americans attend a religious
service Day Care
Children who spend more hours in day care have weaker bonds with their mothers
More likely to fight and to be cruel Why might this be? But…score higher on language tests
The School Manifest Function - intended Latent Function – unintended Universality Hidden and corridor curriculum
Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization
Chapter 3:Socialization
Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization
The Neighborhood Common Sense tells us
Children from poor neighborhoods are more likely to get into trouble, become pregnant or drop out of school
Residents from more affluent neighborhoods watch out for each others kids
Poor neighborhoods don’t care about kids? Less Transition in neighbors, so adults know children Peer Groups
Influence of the family lessons as time goes on Adler Study – Boys are made popular through athletics,
coolness, and toughness. Girls are made popular through family background, physical appearance, and the ability to attract boys.
The standards dominateCopyriht © Allyn & Bacon 2007 21
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Sports and Competitive Success Not just physical skills learned but values Justification for sports Boys - Masculinity Girls – Meaningful Relationships
The Workplace Gain a new perspective on life from coworkers Anticipatory Socialization – learning to play a role
before entering it Get out before its to late! Student Teachers
Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Resocialization Mild - New Boss Intense - Alcoholics Anonymous Degradation Ceremony – Prisoners – their verdict being read Total Institutions - Boot Camp
Childhood - Birth to ~12 yrs
Adolescence - 13 to 17 yrs Transitional Adulthood - 18 to 29 yrs
Socialization Through LifeSocialization Through Life
Chapter 3:Socialization
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The Middle Years - 30 to 65 yrs
Early Middle Years - 30 to 49 yrs
Later Middle Years - 50 to 65 yrs
Socialization Through LifeSocialization Through Life
Chapter 3:Socialization
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The Older Years ~65 yrs on
Early Older Years
Later Older Years
Socialization Through LifeSocialization Through Life
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Does Not Merely Represent Biology
Social Factors Influence Life Course
Social Location Very Significant
Sociological Significance of the Life CourseSociological Significance of the Life Course
Chapter 3:Socialization
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Sociologists Do Not Think So
Individuals Are Actively Involved
in the Construction of the Self
Are We Prisoners of Socialization?Are We Prisoners of Socialization?