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WWW2013 Workshop
SOCIAL MACHINES
Nigel Shadbolt
Framing the Context for
SOCIAL MACHINES
Nigel Shadbolt
The order of social machines
Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration… The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines.
Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999
More people
Mor
e m
achi
nes Big Data
Big Compute
Conventional Computation
Social Machines
SocialNetworking
The order of social machines
The order of social machines
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
(i) problems solved by the scale of human participation on the Web
(ii) timely mobilisation and of people, technology and information resources
(iii) incentive to participate with which increases as more participate
(iv) access to or else the ability to generate large amounts of relevant data
(v) confidence in the quality of the data(vi) trust in the agents and process (vii) intuitive interfaces and user-centred(viii) works cross platform(ix) efficient, effective and equitable(x) exploits the power of open - Open Source,
Open Standards, Open Data, Open Licences
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
What are these Social Machines…
• From the routine and mundane to the extraordinary…
• All aspects of our lives…• Augmenting our intelligence…• Augmenting our machines…• We barely know how to
– Describe them– Classify them– Design them– Anticipate them– Observe them
Social Machine Ecosystems• Social machines do not exist in
isolation• Ecology of Social Machines -
structure of the environment, food chains, producers and consumers
• Evolutionary elements - populations (individuals and species), traits/characteristics, heredity, genotypes and phenotypes
• Evolutionary mechanisms - variation (mutation, migration, HGT, genetic drift), selection
• Evolutionary outcomes - adaption, co-evolution, competition, co-operation, speciation, extinction
Social Machine Ecosystems• Social machines do not exist in
isolation• Ecology of Social Machines -
structure of the environment, food chains, producers and consumers
• Evolutionary elements - populations (individuals and species), traits/characteristics, heredity, genotypes and phenotypes
• Evolutionary mechanisms - variation (mutation, migration, HGT, genetic drift), selection
• Evolutionary outcomes - adaption, co-evolution, competition, co-operation, speciation, extinction
Social Machines are NOT Turing Machines
• they do contain conventional algorithmic components
• but much else is different• a social machine will start with an incomplete
specification that grows and evolves to cover more of the problem via interaction
• a social machine achieves participation through local incentives which become reinforced as the…
• incentive for an individual to supply data to the algorithm increases as more individuals participate
• a social machine has a notion of completeness that is a social rather than mathematical issue
• a social machine will not usually have a notion of the correct output or termination… rather it runs continuously
Social Machine Trends
• The power of people• The power of open• The power of machines• The power of data• Scale and network
effects• Ruthlessly Darwinian
What might Social Machines do in future…
• Coordinate 10 million people to stop crime?• Millions of people supporting themselves and others in
the delivery of efficient transportation?• Or any scale of people supporting themselves and others
in the delivery of well being?• If we can put a man on the moon with 100,000 humans
what can we do with 100,000,000 humans and the largest compute and data fabric in history?
• Social machines to delight and empower, absorb and empower…