Soil Survey of Douglas County - Home | NRCS€¦ · Soil Survey of Douglas County Area, Oregon. This version of the soil survey of Douglas County Area, Oregon, ... 5F—Acker-Norling

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

NaturalResourcesConservationService

In cooperation withUnited States Departmentof Agriculture, ForestService; United StatesDepartment of the Interior,Bureau of LandManagement; OregonAgricultural ExperimentStation; and DouglasCounty

Soil Survey ofDouglas CountyArea, Oregon

sue.testerNoteThis version of the soil survey of Douglas County Area, Oregon, was created in 2005 for electronic publication.

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils calledgeneral soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in thearea on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description ofthe soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use andmanagement of small areas.

To find information about your areaof interest, locate that area on theIndex to Map Sheets. Note thenumber of the map sheet and turnto that sheet.

Locate your area of interest onthe map sheet. Note the map unitsymbols that are in that area. Turnto the Contents, which lists themap units by symbol and nameand shows the page where eachmap unit is described.

The Contents shows which tablehas data on a specific land use foreach detailed soil map unit. Alsosee the Contents for sections ofthis publication that may addressyour specific needs.

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How to Use This Soil Survey

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Additional information about the Nations natural resources is available on theNatural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web.The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on Technical Resources ).

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effortof the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, Stateagencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. TheNatural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) hasleadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1993. Soil names anddescriptions were approved in 1994. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in thispublication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was madecooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Forest Service,Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, and DouglasCounty. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Douglas Countyand Umpqua Soil and Water Conservation Districts.

Since the publication of this survey, more information on soil properties may havebeen collected, new interpretations developed, or existing interpretive criteria modified.The most current soil information and interpretations for this survey are in the FieldOffice Technical Guide (FOTG) at the local Natural Resources Conservation Servicefield office. The soil maps in this publication are in digital form. The digitizing of themaps is in accordance with the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) databasestandards. The digital SSURGO-certified maps are considered the official maps for thesurvey area and are part of the FOTG at the local Natural Resources ConservationService field office.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of thesemaps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at alarger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all ofits programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibitedbases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative meansfor communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact the USDAs TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunityprovider and employer.

Cover: View of the North Umpqua River, near Glide. Mount Scott is in background.

http://www.nrcs.usda.gov

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Contents

How to Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3Foreword ............................................................... 17General Nature of the Survey Area ........................ 19How This Survey Was Made .................................. 31General Soil Map Units ........................................ 35

Soil Descriptions ................................................ 35Soils of the Coastal Fogbelt ........................... 351. Duneland-Waldport-Heceta ..................... 352. Salander .................................................. 353. Millicoma-Reedsport-Svensen ................ 364. Coquille ................................................... 36Soils of the Interior Valley Lowlands .............. 365. Conser-Newberg-Roseburg ..................... 366. Oakland-Sutherlin-Nonpareil ................... 377. Philomath-Dixonville-Curtin ..................... 38Soils of the Interior Hills and Mountains......... 388. Bateman-Windygap-Atring ...................... 389. Jory-Dixonville-Ritner .............................. 3910. Atring-Rosehaven-Larmine.................... 39Soils of the Klamath Mountains ..................... 4011. Pengra-Buckeye-McMullin ..................... 4012. Speaker-Josephine-Hilltish .................... 4113. Lettia-Beal ............................................. 4114. Windygap-Chimneyrock ........................ 4215. Gravecreek-Dubakella-Pearsoll ............. 4216. Josephine-Acker-Beekman ................... 4317. Acker-Kanid-Atring ................................ 4318. Sharpshooter-Lettia ............................... 44Soils of the Coast Range Mountains.............. 4419. Absaquil-McDuff-Preacher .................... 4420. Preacher-Bohannon-Digger ................... 4421. Bohannon-Umpcoos-Damewood........... 4522. Laderly-Leopold-Romanose .................. 45Soils of the Western Cascade Mountains ...... 4623. Orford-Honeygrove-Gustin .................... 4624. Klickitat-Harrington-Kinney .................... 4625. Illahee-Mellowmoon-Scaredman ........... 47

Broad Land Use Considerations ........................ 47Detailed Soil Map Units ....................................... 51

1CAbegg very gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 12percent slopes ............................................. 52

1DAbegg very gravelly sandy loam,12 to 20 percent slopes ............................... 53

1EAbegg very gravelly sandy loam,20 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 54

2EAbsaquil-Blachly-McDuff complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ................................. 55

3EAbsaquil-Honeygrove-McDuff complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ................................. 56

4EAcker gravelly loam, 12 to 30 percentslopes .......................................................... 57

5FAcker-Norling complex, 30 to 60 percentnorth slopes ................................................. 58

6FAcker-Norling complex, 30 to 60 percentsouth slopes ................................................ 59

7FAcker-Norling complex, high elevation,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................... 60

8EAtring gravelly loam, 12 to 30 percentslopes .......................................................... 61

8FAtring gravelly loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes .......................................................... 62

8GAtring gravelly loam, 60 to 90 percentslopes .......................................................... 63

9GAtring very gravelly loam, high elevation,60 to 90 percent slopes ............................... 64

10EAtring-Larmine complex, 12 to 30percent slopes ............................................. 65

10FAtring-Larmine complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ............................................. 66

10GAtring-Larmine complex, 60 to 90percent slopes ............................................. 67

11FAtring-Larmine-Rock outcrop complex,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................... 68

11GAtring-Larmine-Rock outcrop complex,60 to 90 percent slopes ............................... 69

12FAtring-Vermisa complex, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................... 70

12GAtring-Vermisa complex, 60 to 90percent north slopes .................................... 71

13GAtring-Vermisa complex, 60 to 90percent south slopes ................................... 72

14ABanning loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ........ 7314CBanning loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes ...... 7414DBanning loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes .......................................................... 7515ABashaw clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes .......... 7616CBateman silt loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 7716EBateman silt loam, 12 to 30 percent

slopes .......................................................... 78

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16FBateman silt loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes .......................................................... 79

17Beaches ..................................................... 8018EBeal loam, 12 to 30 percent slopes .......... 8019FBeekman-Vermisa complex, 30 to 60

percent south slopes ................................... 8119GBeekman-Vermisa complex, 60 to 90

percent south slopes ................................... 8220GBeekman-Vermisa complex, 60 to 90

percent north slopes .................................... 8321CBellpine silt loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 8521EBellpine silt loam, 12 to 30 percent

slopes .......................................................... 8621FBellpine silt loam, 30 to 60 percent

slopes .......................................................... 8722CBellpine clay loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 8822EBellpine clay loam, 12 to 30 percent

slopes .......................................................... 8923FBellpine-Windygap complex, 30 to 60

percent slopes ............................................. 9024CBickford silt loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 9125CBigdutch gravelly loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 9225EBigdutch gravelly loam, 12 to 30

percent slopes ............................................. 9325FBigdutch gravelly loam, 30 to 60 percent

slopes .......................................................... 9426EBlachly silty clay loam, 3 to 30 percent

slopes .......................................................... 9526FBlachly silty clay loam, 30 to 60 percent

slopes .......................................................... 9527GBohannon-Preacher-Damewood

complex, 60 to 90 percent slopes ................ 9628ABragton muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........ 9729ABrand silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 9830DBuckeye loam, 2 to 20 percent slopes ..... 9930EBuckeye loam, 20 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 10030FBuckeye loam, 30 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 101

31EBuckshot sandy loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 102

32FBuckshot sandy loam, 30 to 60 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 103

33GBuckshot-Stinger complex, 60 to 90percent north slopes .................................. 103

34ACamas-Newberg complex, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 104

35ACentral Point loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 106

36EChamate extremely gravelly loam,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 107

36FChamate extremely gravelly loam,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 108

37AChapman-Chehalis complex, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 109

38FChimneyrock very gravelly loam,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 110

38GChimneyrock very gravelly loam,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 111

39FChimneyrock very gravelly loam,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 111

39GChimneyrock very gravelly loam,60 to 90 percent south slopes ................... 112

40FClevescove-Salander complex,30 to 70 percent slopes ............................. 113

41EClimax clay, 12 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 114

41FClimax clay, 30 to 60 percent slopes ...... 11542BCoburg silty clay loam, 0 to 5 percent

slopes ........................................................ 11643ACoburg silty clay loam, flooded, 0 to 3

percent slopes ........................................... 11744AConser silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes ........................................................ 11845ACoquille silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes ........................................................ 11946ACoquille silt loam, protected, 0 to 1

percent slopes ........................................... 12047ECrater Lake sandy loam, 3 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 12047FCrater Lake sandy loam, 30 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 12148CCurtin clay, 3 to 12 percent slopes ......... 122

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48DCurtin clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes ....... 12349FDamewood-Bohannon-Umpcoos

complex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 12449GDamewood-Bohannon-Umpcoos

complex, 60 to 90 percent slopes .............. 12550EDarby silty clay loam, 12 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 12650FDarby silty clay loam, 30 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 12851CDebenger-Brader complex, 2 to 12

percent slopes ........................................... 12851EDebenger-Brader complex, 12 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 12951FDebenger-Brader complex, 30 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 13052GDicecreek-Bellpine-Windygap

complex, 30 to 60 percent southslopes ........................................................ 131

53EDickerson loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 132

53GDickerson loam, 30 to 90 percentslopes ........................................................ 133

54EDickerson-Rock outcrop complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 134

54GDickerson-Rock outcrop complex,30 to 90 percent slopes ............................. 134

55GDickerson-Rock outcrop-Chimneyrockcomplex, 60 to 90 percent north slopes ..... 135

56GDickerson-Rock outcrop-Chimneyrockcomplex, 60 to 90 percent south slopes .... 136

57EDigger-Bohannon complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 138

57FDigger-Bohannon complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 139

58GDigger-Bohannon-Umpcoos complex,60 to 90 percent slopes ............................. 140

59GDigger-Preacher complex, 60 to 90percent slopes ........................................... 141

60FDigger-Umpcoos-Rock outcropcomplex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 142

60GDigger-Umpcoos-Rock outcropcomplex, 60 to 90 percent slopes .............. 144

61CDixonville silty clay loam, 3 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 145

61EDixonville silty clay loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 146

62FDixonville silty clay loam, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 147

63FDixonville silty clay loam, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 148

64FDompier-Zing-Beal complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 149

65FDubakella very stony clay loam,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 150

66FDubakella very stony clay loam,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 151

67EDubakella-Pearsoll complex, 5 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 152

68FDubakella-Pearsoll complex, 30 to 70 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 153

69CDumont gravelly loam, 2 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 155

69EDumont gravelly loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 156

70FDumont gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 156

71FDumont gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 157

72EDumont gravelly loam, graniticsubstratum, 3 to 30 percent slopes ........... 158

73EDumont-Zing complex, 2 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 159

74Duneland .................................................. 16075CDupee silty clay loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes ........................................................ 16175EDupee silty clay loam, 12 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 16276EEdenbower clay, 3 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 16377DEightlar very gravelly silty clay loam,

5 to 20 percent slopes ............................... 16378AEvans loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ......... 16479EFernhaven gravelly loam, 3 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 16579FFernhaven gravelly loam, 30 to 50

percent slopes ........................................... 16679GFernhaven gravelly loam, 50 to 75

percent slopes ........................................... 167

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80EFernhaven-Digger complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 167

80FFernhaven-Digger complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 169

81AFoehlin gravelly loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 170

81CFoehlin gravelly loam, 3 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 170

82CFordice very cobbly loam, 0 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 171

83AGlide fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 172

84EGravecreek gravelly loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 173

85FGravecreek gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 174

85GGravecreek gravelly loam, 60 to 80percent north slopes .................................. 174

86FGravecreek gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 175

86GGravecreek gravelly loam, 60 to 80percent south slopes ................................. 176

87EGreengulch-Cedargrove complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 177

88FGreengulch-Cedargrove complex,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 179

89FGreengulch-Cedargrove complex,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 180

90EGustin-Orford complex, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 181

91GHarrington-Kilchis-Rock outcropcomplex, 60 to 100 percent slopes ............ 182

92AHeceta fine sand, 0 to 2 percentslopes ........................................................ 183

93CHeceta-Waldport complex, 0 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 184

94EHemcross-Klistan complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 185

95FHilltish very gravelly sandy loam,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 185

95GHilltish very gravelly sandy loam,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 186

96FHilltish very gravelly sandy loam,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 187

96GHilltish very gravelly sandy loam,60 to 90 percent south slopes ................... 188

97EHoneygrove gravelly clay loam,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 189

97FHoneygrove gravelly clay loam,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 190

98EHoneygrove-Gustin complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 190

99EHoneygrove-Peavine complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 191

99FHoneygrove-Peavine complex,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 192

100EHoneygrove-Shivigny complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 193

101FHoneygrove-Shivigny-Gustincomplex, 30 to 60 percent north slopes ..... 194

102FHoneygrove-Shivigny-Gustincomplex, 30 to 60 percent south slopes .... 196

103GHummington very gravelly loam,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 197

104FIllahee-Mellowmoon-Scaredmancomplex, 30 to 60 percent north slopes ..... 198

105FIllahee-Mellowmoon-Scaredmancomplex, 30 to 60 percent south slopes .... 199

106GIllahee-Rock outcrop complex,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 200

107GIllahee-Scaredman complex,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 201

108GIllahee-Scaredman complex,60 to 90 percent south slopes ................... 202

109EJayar very gravelly loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 203

110FJayar very gravelly loam, 30 to 70percent north slopes .................................. 204

111FJayar very gravelly loam, 30 to 70percent south slopes ................................. 205

112AJimbo-Haflinger complex, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 206

113CJory silty clay loam, 2 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 207

113DJory silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 208

113EJory silty clay loam, 20 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 209

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113FJory silty clay loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes ........................................................ 210

114FJory-Ritner complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 211

115CJosephine gravelly loam, 3 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 212

115EJosephine gravelly loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 213

116FJosephine-Speaker complex,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 214

117FJosephine-Speaker complex,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 215

118EKanid very gravelly loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 216

118FKanid very gravelly loam, 30 to 70percent slopes ........................................... 217

119FKanid-Atring complex, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 217

119GKanid-Atring complex, 60 to 90percent south slopes ................................. 218

120GKanid-Atring complex, 60 to 90percent north slopes .................................. 220

121GKilchis-Harslow-Rock outcropcomplex, 60 to 100 percent south slopes .. 221

122EKinney-Klickitat complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 222

123AKirkendall-Nekoma complex, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 223

124FKlickitat-Harrington complex, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 224

124GKlickitat-Harrington complex,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 225

125GKlickitat-Harrington complex,60 to 90 percent south slopes ................... 226

126FKlickitat-Kinney complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 227

127FKlistan-Hemcross complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 228

128FLaderly very gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 229

129GLaderly-Romanose complex,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 230

130ELempira gravelly loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 231

131FLempira-Illahee complex, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 232

132ELeopold clay loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 233

132FLeopold clay loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes ........................................................ 234

133ELettia gravelly loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 234

134FLettia gravelly loam, 30 to 60 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 235

135FLettia gravelly loam, 30 to 60 percentsouth slopes .............................................. 236

136ELettia-Beal-Zing complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 238

137FLettia-Beal-Zing complex, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 239

138FLettia-Beal-Zing complex, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 241

139FLettia-Tishar complex, 30 to 70percent north slopes .................................. 242

140FLettia-Tishar complex, 30 to 70percent south slopes ................................. 243

141CLint silt loam, 0 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 245

141DLint silt loam, 12 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 245

142GLittlesand-Nonpareil-Rock outcropcomplex, 60 to 90 percent south slopes .... 246

143GLittlesand-Rosehaven-Atringcomplex, 60 to 90 percent slopes .............. 247

144AMalabon silty clay loam, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 249

145AMalabon silty clay loam, flooded,0 to 3 percent slopes ................................. 250

146EMcComas very gravelly loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 250

147FMcDuff-Absaquil-Blachly complex,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 251

148FMcDuff-Absaquil-Honeygrovecomplex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 252

149EMcMullin-Reston complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 253

149FMcMullin-Reston complex, 30 to 75percent slopes ........................................... 254

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150FMcMullin-Reston-Rock outcropcomplex, 30 to 75 percent slopes .............. 255

151AMcNab clay loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 256

152EMcNab-Windygap complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 257

153DMeda loam, 2 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 258

154BMedford clay loam, 0 to 7 percentslopes ........................................................ 258

154CMedford clay loam, 7 to 15 percentslopes ........................................................ 259

155EMellowmoon-Illahee complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 260

156GMillicoma-Reedsport complex,60 to 90 percent slopes ............................. 261

157ANatal clay loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 262

158ANatroy clay, 0 to 2 percentslopes ........................................................ 263

159CNekia silty clay loam, 2 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 264

159DNekia silty clay loam, 12 to 20percent slopes ........................................... 265

159ENekia silty clay loam, 20 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 266

160ENekia-Jory complex, 30 to 60 percentslopes ........................................................ 267

161ANekoma-Gardiner complex, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 268

162ANestucca silt loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 269

163CNetarts fine sand, 2 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 269

163ENetarts fine sand, 12 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 270

164ANewberg fine sandy loam, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 271

165ANewberg loamy sand, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 272

166CNonpareil loam, 3 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 273

166ENonpareil loam, 12 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 273

167GNonpareil loam, 60 to 90 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 274

168GNonpareil loam, 60 to 90 percentsouth slopes .............................................. 275

169CNonpareil-Oakland complex, 3 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 276

169ENonpareil-Oakland complex, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 277

169FNonpareil-Oakland complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 278

170COakland silt loam, 3 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 278

170DOakland silt loam, 12 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 280

170EOakland silt loam, 20 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 281

171FOakland silt loam, 30 to 60 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 282

172FOakland silt loam, 30 to 60 percentsouth slopes .............................................. 283

173EOakland-Dupee complex, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 284

174EOakland-Nonpareil-Sutherlincomplex, 12 to 30 percent slopes .............. 285

174FOakland-Nonpareil-Sutherlincomplex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 287

175EOakland-Sutherlin complex, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 289

176FOneonta-Hummington complex,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 291

177FOneonta-Hummington complex,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 292

178EOneonta-Keel complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 293

179EOrford gravelly silt loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 294

179FOrford gravelly silt loam, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 294

180EOrford gravelly loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 295

180FOrford gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 296

181FOrford-Gustin complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 296

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182FOrford-McDuff complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 297

183BPackard gravelly loam, 0 to 5 percentslopes ........................................................ 298

184APackard gravelly loam, flooded,0 to 3 percent slopes ................................. 299

185DPanther silty clay loam, 4 to 20percent slopes ........................................... 300

186FPearsoll-Dubakella complex,30 to 70 percent south slopes ................... 301

187EPeel clay loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 303

188DPengra silt loam, 2 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 305

188EPengra silt loam, 20 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 306

189EPhilomath-Dixonville complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 307

189FPhilomath-Dixonville complex,30 to 70 percent slopes ............................. 308

190EPhilomath-Edenbower complex,12 to 30 percent slopes ............................. 309

190FPhilomath-Edenbower complex,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 310

191Pits ......................................................... 311192EPollard gravelly loam, 3 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 311193FPollard gravelly loam, 30 to 60

percent north slopes .................................. 312194FPollard gravelly loam, 30 to 60

percent south slopes ................................. 313195EPreacher loam, 0 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 314195FPreacher loam, 30 to 50 percent

slopes ........................................................ 314195GPreacher loam, 50 to 75 percent

slopes ........................................................ 315196EPreacher-Blachly complex, 12 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 316197EPreacher-Bohannon complex,

3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 317197FPreacher-Bohannon complex,

30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 318

198FPreacher-Bohannon-Blachlycomplex, 30 to 70 percentslopes ........................................................ 319

199GPreacher-Bohannon-Diggercomplex, 60 to 90 percent slopes .............. 320

200FPreacher-Bohannon-Xanaducomplex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 321

201AQuosatana silt loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes ........................................................ 322

202BRedbell silt loam, 0 to 5 percentslopes ........................................................ 323

203FReedsport-Millicoma complex,30 to 60 percent slopes ............................. 324

204GRemote-Digger complex, 60 to 90percent slopes ........................................... 325

205ERitner gravelly silty clay loam,12 to 30 percent slopes ............................. 326

206FRitner gravelly silty clay loam,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 327

207GRitner gravelly silty clay loam,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 328

208GRitner-Jory complex, 60 to 90percent slopes ........................................... 329

209FRitner-Sahaptin complex, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 330

209GRitner-Sahaptin complex, 60 to 90percent south slopes ................................. 332

210Riverwash ............................................... 333211Rock outcrop .......................................... 333212GRock outcrop-Umpcoos complex,

60 to 110 percent slopes ........................... 333213GRomanose-Laderly complex,

60 to 90 percent south slopes ................... 334214ARoseburg loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes ........................................................ 335215CRosehaven loam, 3 to 12 percent

slopes ........................................................ 336215ERosehaven loam, 12 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 337215FRosehaven loam, 30 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 338216ERosehaven-Atring complex, 12 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 339

12

216FRosehaven-Atring complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 340

217ESalander silt loam, 12 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 341

217FSalander silt loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes ........................................................ 341

218GScaredman-Limpy-Rock outcropcomplex, 60 to 100 percent southslopes ........................................................ 342

219ESharpshooter loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 343

220FSharpshooter loam, 30 to 60 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 344

220GSharpshooter loam, 60 to 90 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 345

221FSharpshooter loam, 30 to 60 percentsouth slopes .............................................. 345

221GSharpshooter loam, 60 to 90 percentsouth slopes .............................................. 346

222FShivigny-Honeygrove complex,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 347

222GShivigny-Honeygrove complex,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 348

223FShivigny-Honeygrove complex,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 349

224BSibold fine sandy loam, 0 to 5percent slopes ........................................... 350

225DSpeaker loam, 2 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 351

225ESpeaker loam, 20 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 352

226FSpeaker loam, 30 to 60 percent northslopes ........................................................ 353

227FSpeaker loam, 30 to 60 percent southslopes ........................................................ 354

228GSpeaker-Beekman-Josephinecomplex, 60 to 90 percent north slopes ..... 355

229GSpeaker-Beekman-Nonpareilcomplex, 60 to 90 percent southslopes ........................................................ 357

230ESpeaker-Nonpareil complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 358

230FSpeaker-Nonpareil complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 359

231GStackyards extremely gravelly loam,60 to 90 percent north slopes .................... 361

232GSteinmetz-Sitkum complex, 60 to 90percent north slopes .................................. 361

233GSteinmetz-Sitkum complex, 60 to 90percent south slopes ................................. 363

234CStockel fine sandy loam, 3 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 364

235CSutherlin silt loam, 3 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 365

235DSutherlin silt loam, 12 to 20 percentslopes ........................................................ 366

235ESutherlin silt loam, 20 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 368

235FSutherlin silt loam, 30 to 50 percentslopes ........................................................ 370

236CSutherlin-Oakland complex, 3 to 12percent slopes ........................................... 371

237ESvensen loam, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 372

237FSvensen loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes ........................................................ 373

238FSvensen-Millicoma-Reedsportcomplex, 35 to 75 percent slopes .............. 374

239ESweetbriar silty clay loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 375

240FSweetbriar silty clay loam, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 376

241FSweetbriar silty clay loam, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 376

242FTempleton-Millicoma complex,30 to 50 percent slopes ............................. 377

242GTempleton-Millicoma complex,50 to 75 percent slopes ............................. 378

243GTethrick-Siskiyou complex, 60 to 90percent north slopes .................................. 379

244GTethrick-Siskiyou complex, 60 to 90percent south slopes ................................. 380

245EThistleburn clay loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 381

246EThistleburn-Illahee-Telemoncomplex, 3 to 30 percent slopes ................ 382

246FThistleburn-Illahee-Telemoncomplex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 383

13

247FThreeforks loam, 30 to 60 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 385

247GThreeforks loam, 60 to 90 percentnorth slopes ............................................... 386

248GThreeforks loam, 60 to 90 percentsouth slopes .............................................. 387

249ETishar-Jory complex, 3 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 387

249FTishar-Jory complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 388

250ETishar-McGinnis complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 389

251FTishar-McGinnis complex, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 391

251GTishar-McGinnis complex, 60 to 80percent north slopes .................................. 392

252FTishar-McGinnis complex, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 393

252GTishar-McGinnis complex, 60 to 80percent south slopes ................................. 394

253FUmpcoos-Rock outcrop-Damewoodcomplex, 30 to 60 percent slopes .............. 395

253GUmpcoos-Rock outcrop-Damewoodcomplex, 60 to 90 percent slopes .............. 396

254GVena-Rock outcrop complex,60 to 100 percent slopes ........................... 397

255CVeneta loam, 0 to 12 percent slopes .... 398255DVeneta loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes ........................................................ 400256GVermisa-Rock outcrop complex,

60 to 100 percent south slopes.................. 401257AWaldo silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes ........................................................ 402258CWaldport fine sand, 0 to 12 percent

slopes ........................................................ 403258EWaldport fine sand, 12 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 403258FWaldport fine sand, 30 to 70 percent

slopes ........................................................ 404259EWaldport fine sand, thin surface,

0 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 404260AWasson loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes .... 406261AWillanch fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes ........................................... 406

262CWindygap silt loam, 2 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 407

262EWindygap silt loam, 12 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 408

262FWindygap silt loam, 30 to 60 percentslopes ........................................................ 409

263CWindygap clay loam, 2 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 410

263EWindygap clay loam, 12 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 411

264EWindygap-Bellpine complex,12 to 30 percent slopes ............................. 412

265FWindygap-Bellpine complex,30 to 60 percent north slopes .................... 414

266FWindygap-Bellpine complex,30 to 60 percent south slopes ................... 415

267CWintley silt loam, 0 to 12 percentslopes ........................................................ 416

268EWolfpeak sandy loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 417

269FWolfpeak sandy loam, 30 to 60percent north slopes .................................. 419

270FWolfpeak sandy loam, 30 to 60percent south slopes ................................. 419

271EWolfpeak-Beal-Zing complex,3 to 30 percent slopes ............................... 420

272EXanadu gravelly loam, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 422

272FXanadu gravelly loam, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 423

273GXerorthents-Rock outcrop complex,30 to 80 percent slopes ............................. 424

274AYachats fine sandy loam, 0 to 3percent slopes ........................................... 425

275DYoncalla silty clay loam, 2 to 20percent slopes ........................................... 425

275EYoncalla silty clay loam, 20 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 426

276EZalea-Pyrady complex, 15 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 427

277EZing loam, 0 to 30 percentslopes ........................................................ 428

278EZing-Lettia complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 430

14

279EZing-Sweetbriar complex, 3 to 30percent slopes ........................................... 432

279FZing-Sweetbriar complex, 30 to 60percent slopes ........................................... 433

Use and Management of the Soils .................... 435Crops and Pasture ........................................... 435

Yields per Acre ............................................ 436Land Capability Classification ...................... 437Prime Farmland ........................................... 437

Forest Management ......................................... 438Forest Productivity ........................................... 442Recreation ........................................................ 443Wildlife Habitat ................................................. 444Engineering ...................................................... 446

Building Site Development ........................... 447Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 447Construction Materials ................................. 449Water Management ..................................... 450

Soil Properties .................................................... 453Engineering Index Properties ........................... 453Physical and Chemical Properties ................... 454Soil and Water Features ................................... 455

Classification of the Soils ................................. 457Soil Series and Their Morphology ........................ 457

Abegg Series ................................................... 457Absaquil Series ................................................ 458Acker Series ..................................................... 459Atring Series .................................................... 460Banning Series ................................................. 460Bashaw Series ................................................. 460Bateman Series ............................................... 461Beal Series ....................................................... 462Beekman Series ............................................... 462Bellpine Series ................................................. 463Bickford Series ................................................. 464Bigdutch Series ................................................ 464Blachly Series .................................................. 465Bohannon Series .............................................. 465Brader Series ................................................... 466Bragton Series ................................................. 466Brand Series .................................................... 467Buckeye Series ................................................ 467Buckshot Series ............................................... 468Camas Series .................................................. 468

Cedargrove Series ........................................... 469Central Point Series ......................................... 469Chamate Series ............................................... 470Chapman Series .............................................. 470Chehalis Series ................................................ 471Chimneyrock Series ......................................... 472Clevescove Series ............................................ 472Climax Series ................................................... 473Coburg Series .................................................. 473Conser Series .................................................. 474Coquille Series ................................................. 475Crater Lake Series ........................................... 475Curtin Series .................................................... 476Damewood Series ............................................ 476Darby Series .................................................... 477Debenger Series .............................................. 477Dicecreek Series .............................................. 478Dickerson Series .............................................. 478Digger Series ................................................... 479Dixonville Series ............................................... 479Dompier Series ................................................ 480Dubakella Series .............................................. 480Dumont Series ................................................. 481Dupee Series ................................................... 481Edenbower Series ............................................ 482Eightlar Series .................................................. 483Evans Series .................................................... 483Fernhaven Series ............................................. 484Foehlin Series .................................................. 485Fordice Series .................................................. 485Gardiner Series ................................................ 486Glide Series ..................................................... 486Gravecreek Series ........................................... 487Greengulch Series ........................................... 487Gustin Series ................................................... 488Haflinger Series ............................................... 489Harrington Series ............................................. 489Harslow Series ................................................. 490Heceta Series .................................................. 491Hemcross Series .............................................. 491Hilltish Series ................................................... 492Honeygrove Series ........................................... 492Hummington Series ......................................... 493Illahee Series ................................................... 493

15

Jayar Series ..................................................... 494Jimbo Series .................................................... 494Jory Series ....................................................... 495Josephine Series.............................................. 496Kanid Series ..................................................... 496Keel Series ....................................................... 497Kilchis Series ................................................... 497Kinney Series ................................................... 498Kirkendall Series .............................................. 498Klickitat Series ................................................. 499Klistan Series ................................................... 500Laderly Series .................................................. 500Larmine Series ................................................. 501Lempira Series ................................................. 501Leopold Series ................................................. 502Lettia Series ..................................................... 502Limpy Series .................................................... 503Lint Series ........................................................ 503Littlesand Series .............................................. 504Malabon Series ................................................ 504McComas Series .............................................. 505McDuff Series .................................................. 506McGinnis Series ............................................... 506McMullin Series ................................................ 507McNab Series .................................................. 508Meda Series ..................................................... 508Medford Series ................................................. 509Mellowmoon Series .......................................... 509Millicoma Series ............................................... 510Natal Series ..................................................... 511Natroy Series ................................................... 511Nekia Series ..................................................... 512Nekoma Series ................................................ 513Nestucca Series ............................................... 513Netarts Series .................................................. 514Newberg Series ................................................ 514Nonpareil Series............................................... 515Norling Series .................................................. 515Oakland Series ................................................ 516Oneonta Series ................................................ 516Orford Series .................................................... 517Packard Series ................................................. 518Panther Series ................................................. 518Pearsoll Series ................................................. 519

Peavine Series ................................................. 519Peel Series ....................................................... 520Pengra Series .................................................. 520Philomath Series .............................................. 521Pollard Series ................................................... 522Preacher Series ............................................... 522Pyrady Series ................................................... 523Quosatana Series ............................................ 523Redbell Series .................................................. 524Reedsport Series ............................................. 525Remote Series ................................................. 526Reston Series .................................................. 526Ritner Series .................................................... 527Romanose Series ............................................ 527Roseburg Series .............................................. 528Rosehaven Series ............................................ 528Sahaptin Series ................................................ 529Salander Series ............................................... 529Scaredman Series ........................................... 530Sharpshooter Series ........................................ 531Shivigny Series ................................................ 531Sibold Series .................................................... 532Siskiyou Series ................................................ 533Sitkum Series ................................................... 533Speaker Series ................................................ 534Stackyards Series ............................................ 534Steinmetz Series .............................................. 535Stinger Series .................................................. 535Stockel Series .................................................. 536Sutherlin Series ................................................ 537Svensen Series ................................................ 538Sweetbriar Series ............................................. 538Telemon Series ................................................ 539Templeton Series ............................................. 540Tethrick Series ................................................. 541Thistleburn Series ............................................ 541Threeforks Series ............................................. 542Tishar Series .................................................... 543Umpcoos Series ............................................... 543Vena Series ...................................................... 544Veneta Series ................................................... 544Vermisa Series ................................................. 545Waldo Series .................................................... 545Waldport Series ............................................... 546

16

Wasson Series ................................................. 546Willanch Series ................................................ 547Windygap Series .............................................. 547Wintley Series .................................................. 548Wolfpeak Series ............................................... 549Xanadu Series ................................................. 549Xerorthents ...................................................... 550Yachats Series ................................................. 550Yoncalla Series ................................................. 551Zalea Series ..................................................... 551Zing Series ....................................................... 552

Formation of the Soils ....................................... 559Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 559Soil Development ............................................. 561

References .......................................................... 571Glossary .............................................................. 575Tables .................................................................. 589

Table 1.Temperature and Precipitation ......... 590Table 2.Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ....... 595

Table 3.Growing Season............................... 598Table 4.Acreage and Proportionate

Extent of the Soils ..................................... 600Table 5.Yields per Acre of Crops and

Native Pasture ........................................... 607Table 6.Land Capability ................................ 615Table 7.Forestland Management .................. 637Table 8.Forestland Productivity ..................... 658Table 9.Recreational Development ............... 687Table 10.Building Site Development ............. 719Table 11.Sanitary Facilities ........................... 747Table 12.Construction Materials ................... 779Table 13.Water Management ........................ 815Table 14.Engineering Index Properties ......... 841Table 15.Physical and Chemical

Properties of the Soils ............................... 886Table 16.Soil and Water Features ................. 911Table 17.Classification of the Soils ............... 932

Issued 2003

17

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this surveyarea. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey alsohighlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and theimpact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters,and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the managementneeded for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use,select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure properperformance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation,wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to helpthem understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may imposespecial restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report isintended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or landtreatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land usersidentify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowneror user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils areseasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are toounstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils arepoorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soilpoorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soilsurvey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of eachsoil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication andadditional information are available at the local office of the Natural ResourcesConservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Bob GrahamState ConservationistNatural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

18

Location of Douglas County Area in Oregon.

19

DOUGLAS COUNTY AREA is in southwesternOregon. It encompasses all of Douglas Countyexcept the part within the boundaries of theUmpqua, Willamette, and Rogue River NationalForests. According to the 1990 census, the totalpopulation in the survey area was about 92,000with 17,932 in Roseburg, the county seat. Thetotal area is 2,259,471 acres, or 3,530 squaremiles. Of this, about 654,100 acres is managedby the Bureau of Land Management, 64,400acres in Siuslaw National Forest is managed by theForest Service, and 35,800 acres in Elliott StateForest is managed by the State Department ofForestry.

An earlier survey, South Umpqua Area,Oregon, was published in 1973 (USDA, 1973).It covers about 200,000 acres of the UmpquaNational Forest, in the South Umpqua RiverBasin in Douglas County. This earlier survey wasnot updated and published with the presentsurvey.

General Nature of the Survey AreaThis section gives general information about the

survey area. It discusses history and development;physiography, relief, and drainage; farming; geology;climate; and vegetation.

History and Development

Fred Reenstjerna, research librarian, Douglas County Museum,helped to prepare this section.

Five native Indian tribes inhabited the UmpquaBasin prior to settlement of the area by Euro-Americans. Each tribe occupied distinct geographicareas in the basin and spoke a unique language. Thewesternmost inhabitants were the Siuslawan-speakingKuitsh, or Lower Umpqua, Indians, who occupied thecoastal area between Fivemile and Tenmile Lakesand upriver to Scottsburg. The Upper UmpquaIndians, who spoke Athabascan, occupied the areafrom present-day Scottsburg to the CascadeMountains, along the North Umpqua River. TheKalapuyan-speaking Yoncalla Indians inhabited theElk and Calapooya Creek drainageways. ThePenutian-speaking Takelma Indians, including theUpland and Lowland Takelma Tribes and the CowCreek Band of the Umpqua Tribe, occupied the CowCreek drainageway and the upper South Umpquaregion. Finally, the Southern Molalla Indians, whospoke Sahaptian, occupied the upper part of theUmpqua Basin, in the Western Cascade Mountains(ONeill, 1990).

Although there is little recorded information aboutsome of the native tribes, there were probably somesimilarities among them. Their diets were somewhat

Soil Survey of

Douglas County Area, OregonBy David R. Johnson, John T. Haagen, and Alan C. Terrell

Fieldwork by David R. Johnson, Susan L. Reams, David E. Turcotte, John T. Haagen,Alan C. Terrell, Gerry Coleman, Gary Kitzrow, Dennis Holloran, and Jerry Macdonald

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,in cooperation withUnited States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; United States Department ofthe Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; andDouglas County

20 Soil Survey of

similar because of the abundance of similar foodresources throughout the basin. In general, all of thetribes subsisted on a variety of fish, shellfish, camasroot, nuts, seeds, berries, and wild game. The KuitshIndians relied more heavily on marine life and less onhunting than did the interior tribes. All of the tribesmaintained permanent winter lodging, and theyerected transient camps while gathering food andhunting game. None of the tribes had large tribalgovernments; they operated instead as smallindependent bands, each with their own headman(Beckham, 1977).

Life changed dramatically for the Indians when theEuro-Americans arrived in the area. Diseasedecimated the Indian populations. Although the initialrelationship between the Indians and the settlers waspeaceful, prospectors sparked unrest in the region.Relations were strained by the resulting Rogue RiverWars in 1854 to 1856 and associated skirmishes inthe Umpqua Basin (Cornutt, 1971). In 1854, aterritorial law was passed that prohibited the sale offirearms and ammunition to the Indians. Settlers andprospectors freely hunted for game, and they allowedtheir livestock to decimate the camas root and acornsources (Beckham, 1977). Many Indianssurrendered their native homeland and moved toreservations, but small groups stayed in remoteareas in the basin.

European interest in the region had begun morethan two centuries earlier. In response to the threat ofEnglish expansion into the region, the Spanish thrustnorthward from California in the early 1600s. The firstEuropean thought to see the Umpqua River wasMartin Aquilar in 1603 (Hogg, 1979). In 1778, JamesCook verified Aquilars sighting of the Umpqua River.Exploration of the land at that time, however, did notgo beyond the dense coastal vegetation. It was notuntil the early 1820s that the interior area wasexplored by trappers of the Northwest Company andthe Hudsons Bay Company. Peter Ogden passedthrough the basin in 1821 to 1826 while searching forthe source of the Umpqua River, then thought to bethe Great Basin to the east. In 1826, AlexanderMcLeod, sponsored by the Hudsons Bay Company,explored and trapped in the land south of the UmpquaRiver, establishing a rapport with the native people.Botanist David Douglas was among his party (Hogg,1979). As a result of the increased fur trapping in thearea, Fort Umpqua was established by the HudsonsBay Company near present-day Elkton. In someyears, the volume of trade from this fort was similar tothat of Fort Vancouver. The first American to passthrough Douglas County was Jedediah Smith. He andhis party traveled up the Smith River, but they lost a

number of men in 1828 in what has become known asthe Smith Umpqua Massacre.

In 1846, Jesse Applegate and Levi Scott blazed theOld South Road, or Applegate Trail, which extendedfrom the Willamette Valley into California. Originallyintended as a way to bypass the treacherousColumbia River passage on the Oregon Trail, theApplegate Trail opened the Umpqua Basin toincreased settlement (Hogg, 1979). This increasedsettlement was due in part to the activity in the miningdistricts in California and southern Oregon and in partto the Donation Land Acts signed by President Polk in1850. The first Donation Land Act granted 320 acresof land to each American citizen over the age of 18years who had resided in Oregon since December 1,1850. Subsequent amendments reduced the amountof land granted to each citizen, but these actsencouraged settlement throughout the Umpqua Basin(Beckham, 1986). Settlers found a favorable climate,heavily forested uplands, lush grasslands, and rich,productive soils. They first settled in some of the moreremote areas, such as Tiller and Shoestring Valleys.Subsistence farming commonly was augmented withcottage industries to support the pioneer families. Thewagon roads connected the small valleys, and thedemand for food and supplies from the mining districtscreated a market for the settlers (Hennigh, 1975).

In 1852, Douglas and Umpqua Counties wereestablished in the basin. Umpqua County included themain Umpqua River drainageway. By 1862, DouglasCounty had absorbed most of the land in UmpquaCounty. Winchester was the first county seat ofDouglas County, but in 1864 Aaron Roses donationland claim, called Deer Creek because of the streamthat flowed through it, became the new county seat. Itwas eventually renamed Roseburg (Hogg, 1979).

In 1851, gold was discovered in Jacksonville,Oregon. Subsequent discoveries throughout southernOregon and Douglas County stimulated the economy.Considerable placer mining was done along CowCreek and its tributaries. According to some reports,at least $250,000 in gold was mined (Chandler, 1981).In 1867, commercial quantities of gold and silver werediscovered in the Bohemia district in the CalapooyaDivide area, north of Roseburg. Because this areawas so isolated, however, it was not feasible todevelop the area until 1871. Only sporadic activityoccurred in the area until 1891, when full-scaleoperations began (Hogg, 1979).

Early transportation centered on the navigableportion of the Umpqua River, from its confluence withthe Pacific Ocean to Scottsburg. The Oregon andCalifornia Railroad Grant of 1866 and the Coos BayWagon Road Grant of 1872 had a major impact on the

Douglas County Area, Oregon 21

development of Douglas County. In 1872, Roseburgbecame the southern terminus for the Oregon andCalifornia Railroad. In 1882, track laid fromRoseburg joined with that of the Central PacificRailroad, connecting Douglas County to nationalmarkets. In 1916, all land granted for the railroadand wagon road was revested to the governmentand the General Land Office of the Department ofthe Interior became the administrator of the land(Beckham, 1986).

The diverse topography and soils and the favorableclimate provided a variety of agricultural opportunitiesin Douglas County. Subsistence farming in thebottomlands and foothills grew into considerable grainand fruit production by the turn of the century. A pruneindustry took hold in the early 1890s, and it flourishedfor more than 30 years. The local climate wasrecognized early as favorable for growing grapes, anda productive wine industry still exists. The earlysettlers found the lush grass on the foothills conduciveto raising livestock. A very productive pasturemanagement system was developed, and it supportssuccessful cattle operations and the most productivesheep and lamb operations in Oregon (USDA andOregon Agricultural Statistics Service, 1990). Turkeyfarming was an important industry in the Oakland areabefore World War II. A fishing and cannery industrythrived near Reedsport from the 1870s until the1940s.

The rich timberland in Douglas County hasprovided an economic base for the area since the1860s. The first mills in the area, which consisted ofhand-operated whipsaws run by settlers, were theprecursors to larger mill operations, such as theGardiner Mill Company started in 1864. These largemills were located near water sources to facilitatelogging activities and the transport of the finishedproducts to distant markets. Initially, logging occurredon timberland immediately adjacent to coastalstreams. As logging progressed further inland, loggersdepended on runoff from precipitation in fall and winterto drive logs downstream for transport to the mills.Development of the steam donkey engine andconstruction of railroads improved logging operationsconsiderably. By the end of World War II, timber onmuch of the private forestland had been harvested.The Umpqua National Forest and the revested landbecame important sources of timber for the nation.The postwar building boom, the availability of heavyequipment, and the rising price of lumber resulted in athriving and expanding timber industry in DouglasCounty. The local government, which received apercentage of the income from the public timber salesin the county, benefited by the increased revenue. The

surge peaked in 1980, when Douglas County receiveda total of $24.6 million in revenue from public land.

With the advent of the Federal sustained yield andmultiple use mandates in the 1960s, forest practicesand public land management changed. In addition,unsteady market conditions have resulted in afluctuation in the supply and demand for woodproducts (Beckham, 1986).

The economy of Douglas County has diversifiedbeyond wood products in recent years. Transportationto west coast markets and other shipping points isavailable through the numerous trucking companiesutilizing U.S. Interstate 5 and State Highways 42 and38, the Southern Pacific Railroad, and the RoseburgMunicipal Airport. Small businesses and serviceindustries continue to grow in the area because of thefavorable climate, attractive setting, available laborforce, abundance of raw materials, availablecommercial real estate, easy access to transportationcorridors, and a growing retirement community. Theabundant recreational resources on the public landadministered by the Bureau of Land Management andthe Forest Service continue to attract travelers,resulting in a lucrative tourist industry (Cubic andTribble, 1989).

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

The survey area can be divided into six geographicareas. Three of the areas are recognized as distinctgeographic provincesthe Klamath Mountains, theCoast Range Mountains, and the Western CascadeMountains (Franklin and Dyrness, 1973). The otherthree areas are considered significant subdivisions ofthe Klamath Mountains and Coast Range Mountainsprovinces. The six geographic areas are shown infigure 1. Each of the geographic areas has uniquegeologic, climatic, topographic, vegetative, and soilfeatures.

The Klamath Mountains geographic area makes upthe southern part of the survey area. This geographicarea consists dominantly of mountains with ridges andsteep side slopes. Elevation ranges from 800 to 5,000feet or more. The area is drained by Cow Creek, theSouth Umpqua River, and the Middle Fork of theCoquille River. Typically, the climate is characterizedby warm, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Thehighest elevations have cool, wet winters and warm,moist summers. Conifer forests are dominant in thisarea, but there are scattered areas of grassland andoak savannah.

The Western Cascade Mountains geographic areamakes up the eastern part of the survey area. Thisgeographic area is dominantly gently sloping plateaus

22 Soil Survey of

to steep side slopes. Elevation ranges from 800 feet tonearly 5,000 feet. The area is drained by the NorthUmpqua River, Little River, and South Umpqua River.Typically, the climate is characterized by warm, wetwinters and hot, moist summers. The highestelevations have cool, wet winters and warm, moistsummers. Conifer forests are dominant.

The Coast Range Mountains geographic areamakes up the western part of the survey area. Thisgeographic area is dominantly narrow to broad ridgesand gently sloping to steeply sloping side slopes.Elevation ranges from 50 feet to nearly 3,300 feet.The area is drained by the Smith River, tributaries ofthe main stem of the Umpqua River, Camp Creek,

Elkton

Coast Range Mountains InteriorMountains

InteriorMountains

WesternCascadeMountains

CoastalLowlandsand

Mountains

Interior Valley Lowlands

Klamath Mountains

Coast Range Mountains

Interior Valley Lowlands

Glendale

Roseburg

N

Figure 1.Geographic areas of the survey area.


Lake Creek, and headwaters of the Williams Riverand the Middle Fork of the Coquille River. Typically,the climate is characterized by warm, wet winters andhot, moist summers. The highest elevations havecool, wet winters and warm, moist summers, andsome of the south-facing slopes at the southern end ofthis area have hot, dry summers. Conifer forests aredominant.

The Coastal Lowlands and Mountains geographicarea is considered to be a subdivision of the CoastRange Mountains province. This area consists ofsand dunes, flood plains, terraces, andmountainsides. The sand dunes are nearly level tosteeply sloping. The flood plains and terraces arenearly level. The rest of the area consists of narrowridges and gently sloping to steeply sloping sideslopes. Elevation ranges from 0 to 1,300 feet. Theupland areas are drained by tributaries of theUmpqua River. The climate is affected by marine airyear round, and it typically is characterized by cool,wet winters and cool, moist summers. Although mostof the sand dunes do not support trees, some areasare covered with coniferous trees. The flood plainsand terraces are used primarily for hay and pasture.Conifer forests are dominant in the mountainousareas.

The Interior Mountains geographic area isconsidered to be a subdivision of the KlamathMountains province. This area consists of gentlysloping to very steep mountainsides. Elevationranges from 250 to 2,600 feet. The area is drained byElk Creek, Calapooya Creek, and the Middle Fork ofthe Coquille River. Typically, the climate ischaracterized by warm, wet winters and hot, drysummers. Although conifer forests are dominant,some areas do not support forests or support onlysparse forests.

The Interior Valley Lowlands geographic area isconsidered to be a subdivision of the KlamathMountains province. This area consists of thenearly level or gently sloping flood plains andterraces of the North and South Umpqua Riversand the adjacent gently sloping to steep footslopesand surrounding hills. Elevation ranges from 350 to2,200 feet. The area is drained by Elk Creek,Calapooya Creek, Lookingglass Creek, and theNorth and South Umpqua Rivers. This geographicarea has the lowest annual precipitation in thesurvey area, and the climate is characterized bywarm, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Most ofthe footslopes and surrounding hills supportgrassland, oak savannah, or sparse forests. Someareas, mainly on north-facing slopes, supportconiferous forests.

Farming

Rodney McCoy, Douglas County extension agent, OregonState University, helped to prepare this section.

Farming in the survey area is limited to floodplains, terraces, and footslopes and to gently slopingareas of hills. The soils on the flood plainsand terraces are fertile and are suitable for growingvegetables, alfalfa, wheat, oats, cane fruit, and fruitand nut trees. The main limitations for growingvegetables are the limited heat units because of thecool temperatures at night and the limitedavailability of irrigation water. These soils are wellsuited to growing grass-clover hay and pasture.Grass seed, subterranean clover seed, wheat, andoats are grown on the terraces, footslopes, and sideslopes. Grapes are grown in the moderately deepand deep soils on the south aspects of terraces,footslopes, and side slopes. Christmas trees aregrown on the footslopes and hills. Summers are dryon the footslopes and hills; therefore, cropping islimited to perennial plants that are tolerant ofdroughtiness.

Livestock production is the major farming andranching enterprise in the survey area. Beef cows,feeder cattle, and sheep are raised on the terraces,footslopes, and side slopes. Sheep are better able tograze on the pastures on hills, including the steepestslopes, and cattle use the pastures on the less steepside slopes.

Geology

The geologic history of Oregon began with theformation of the Klamath Mountains. Thestratigraphy of these mountains is very complexbecause of the age of the rock and the geologicactivity that has taken place since the rock formed.The origin of the mountains can be traced to avolcanic island arc, or peninsula, that was adjacent tothe ancient shoreline of North America during theTriassic period (Alt and Hyndman, 1981). During thistime, the Pacific Ocean plate began to subductbeneath the North American plate. The lightersediment of the Pacific Ocean plate was scraped ontothe margin of the North American plate and wasmetamorphosed with the volcanic rock alreadypresent to form the Dothan (fig. 2), Galice, and OtterPoint Formations (Baldwin, 1981). Granitic andserpentinitic rock also intruded into the area.

Early in the Cretaceous period, shoreline andstream deposits originating from the KlamathMountains formed in basins and were later faultedand slightly metamorphosed, adding more rock to the

24 Soil Survey of

mountains to form the Riddle and Days CreekFormations. Most areas of the Klamath Mountainshave been eroded into a ridge and ravine landscapepattern, but some hills are at the northern end.Because of the complex stratigraphy, many differentsoils are in these mountains.

The Coast Range Mountains, Interior Mountains,and Interior Valley Lowlands consist of sedimentaryand volcanic rock that originally was laid down on anembayment floor on the Pacific Ocean plateimmediately offshore from the North American plate.This rock originated during the Eocene epoch, whensubmarine flows, breccia, and tuffaceous sedimentfrom ancient offshore volcanoes intermingled withsediment from the Klamath Mountains on theembayment floor. Sills and dikes of volcanic flows

intruded into the marine sediment on theembayment. During the Oligocene epoch, the PacificOcean plate subduction zone shifted to its presentcourse off the Oregon Coast (Alt and Hyndman,1981). Consequently, the embayment was uplifted asthe Pacific Ocean plate subducted beneath it,exposing the sedimentary rock and pillowed basalt ofthe Roseburg Formation (figs. 3 and 4), thesedimentary rock of the Lookingglass and FlournoyFormations, and the sedimentary rock and volcanicsills and dikes of the Tyee, Elkton, and BatemanFormations (Baldwin, 1981). Erosion has reducedmost of the Roseburg, Lookingglass, and FlournoyFormations to hills that occupy the Interior ValleyLowlands; however, the Tyee, Elkton, andBateman Formations have been dissected to the very

Figure 2.Area of the Dothan Formation, consisting of metamorphosed sedimentary rock of the Klamath Mountains.


steep canyons, narrow to broad ridges, and highbasaltic peaks of the Coast Range Mountains and thehigher elevations of the Coastal Lowlands andMountains.

The Western Cascade Mountains consist ofvolcanic rock that originated from a string ofvolcanoes on the edge of North America. Thevolcanism originated during the Eocene epoch,as the Pacific Ocean plate subducted beneath theNorth American plate, and continued through thelate Miocene epoch. The volcanoes produced darkbasalt and andesite lava, andesitic breccia, andlight-colored ashflow tuff, forming the Colestine and

Fisher Formations and the Little Butte Volcanics(Alt and Hyndman, 1981). The old volcanic ventshave since been eroded away. The softer ashflowtuff formed plateaus, and the hard basalt erodedinto a landscape pattern of ridges and ravines.

During the Pleistocene epoch, some localglaciation at the higher elevations resulted in thedeposition of glacial outwash. Some remnants ofthese deposits are on high terraces alongdrainageways of the Western Cascade Mountains(Reckendorf, 1987). A few scattered remnants ofalluvial deposits from this epoch are in the KlamathMountains, along Cow Creek and the South Umpqua

Figure 3.Area of the Roseburg Formation, consisting of tilted siltstone beds of the Eocene epoch.

26 Soil Survey of

River. Marine terraces formed along the PacificOcean as the sea level lowered; thus, high marineterrace remnants are within the Coastal Lowlandsand Mountains (Nettleton and others, 1982).

During the Holocene epoch, alluvium wasdeposited on the terraces and flood plains alongstreams in the Interior Valley Lowlands (Reckendorf,1987). Low marine terraces formed and sand duneswere deposited along the lower elevations of theCoastal Lowlands and Mountains (Nettleton andothers, 1982).

Climate

Prepared by the National Water and Climate Center, NaturalResources Conservation Service, Portland, Oregon.

Data for the climate tables were recorded at Elkton,Idleyld Park, Riddle, Roseburg, and North Bend,Oregon. Thunderstorm days, relative humidity,percent sunshine, and wind information wereestimated from data recorded at First Order stations inEugene and Medford, Oregon. Other climate datawere obtained from maps of the Parameter-elevation

Figure 4.Area of the Roseburg Formation, consisting of pillowed basalt of the Eocene epoch.


Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)(Daly, 1994).

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitationfor the survey area as recorded at Elkton, IdleyldPark, Riddle, and North Bend during the period 1961to 1990 and at Roseburg during the period 1966 to1990. Table 2 shows probable dates of the first freezein fall and the last freeze in spring. Table 3 providesdata on the length of the growing season. Extremesare based on a period of record that dates back to1948 at Elkton and Riddle, 1958 at Idleyld Park,1966 at Roseburg, and 1931 at North Bend.

In winter, the average temperature is 43.6degrees F at Elkton, 40.5 degrees at Idleyld Park,42.7 degrees at Riddle, 42.6 degrees at Roseburg,and 46.3 degrees at North Bend. The average dailyminimum temperature in winter is 36.9 degrees atElkton, 32.7 degrees at Idleyld Park, 34.8 degrees atRiddle, 35.2 degrees at Roseburg, and 39.8 degreesat North Bend. The lowest temperatures on recordwere 0 degrees at Elkton and -1 degree at IdleyldPark on December 8, 1972; -3 degrees at Riddle onJanuary 22, 1962; 3 degrees at Roseburg onDecember 21, 1990; and 13 degrees at North Bendon December 21, 1990.

In summer, the average temperature is 66.1degrees at Elkton, 64.0 degrees at Idleyld Park,66.4 degrees at Riddle, 67.0 degrees at Roseburg,and 58.9 degrees at North Bend. The average dailymaximum temperature in summer is 81.5 degrees atElkton, 80.3 degrees at Idleyld Park, 81.3 degrees atRiddle and Roseburg, and 65.7 degrees at NorthBend. The highest temperatures on record were108 degrees at Elkton on July 11, 1961; 104 degreesat Idleyld Park on August 8, 1978; 110 degrees atRiddle on August 17, 1977; 109 degrees at Roseburgon July 18, 1998; and 96 degrees at North Bend onJuly 6, 1931.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. Theyare equivalent to heat units. During the month,growing degree days accumulate by the amount thatthe average temperature each day exceeds a basetemperature (40 degrees). The normal monthlyaccumulation is used to schedule single or successiveplantings of a crop between the last freeze in springand the first freeze in fall.

The average annual precipitation is highly variablein this very diverse survey area. The highest is alongthe coast and in the Coast Range Mountains, west ofElkton. The average annual precipitation in theseareas ranges from 60 to 80 inches, and the average is63.78 inches at North Bend, in nearby Coos County.East of the Coast Range Mountains, the averageannual precipitation ranges from 40 to 60 inches, and

the average is 51.47 inches at Elkton. The centralvalleys receive 30 to 40 inches, and the average is30.41 inches at Riddle and 32.40 inches atRoseburg. In the foothills east of Roseburg andMyrtle Creek, the average annual precipitationranges from 40 to 65 inches, and the average is62.91 inches at Idleyld Park, near the Nationalforest boundary. Precipitation in the southern partof the survey area varies with elevation. Theaverage annual precipitation ranges from30 inches in the lowest valleys to about 60 incheson the highest peaks. The amount of precipitationthat falls during the growing season (April toOctober) in the central part of the survey area,near Roseburg, is about 9 inches, which is lessthan 30 percent of the total precipitationreceived. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during thep

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