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ImportantImportant
!
The Systems, Drawings And Pictures Depicted In This Presentation Are Used For Discussion Purposes Only. PV Systems And Their Components Vary In Design, And Appearance. It Is Imperative That Your Department Become Familiar With The Systems Installed In Your Community.
!
Coordination Between Your Fire Department And Your Municipalities' Building And Fire Code Officials Is Essential To Understanding &Identifying PV Systems Installed In Your Community!
Program Goals:Program Goals:To Provide Firefighters with an Awareness of Photovoltaic Systems so Informed Fire Ground Decisions can be Applied for Safe Fireground Operations
Program Topics:Program Topics:What is Solar Power?Why are People Using it?What is it Used For?Types of SystemsImpact on The Fire ServiceTarget Hazards in Your Jurisdiction
Currently…Currently…New Jersey Is Second Largest Solar Energy Market In The United States
SussexPassaic
Bergen
WarrenMorris
EssexHudson
Union
Hunterdon
Somerset
Middlesex
Mercer Monmouth
OceanBurlington
Camden
Atlantic
Gloucester
Salem
Cumberland
CapeMay
Note:Note: California with 4 times California with 4 times the population is the population is ranked #1ranked #1
NJ InstallationsNJ Installations
2001 = 6
2006 = 12+
2009 = 4000+
2011 =>9000
SussexPassaic
Bergen
WarrenMorris
EssexHudson
Union
Hunterdon
Somerset
Middlesex
Mercer Monmouth
OceanBurlington
Camden
Atlantic
Gloucester
Salem
Cumberland
CapeMay
SussexPassaic
Bergen
WarrenMorris
EssexHudson
Union
Hunterdon
Somerset
Middlesex
Mercer Monmouth
OceanBurlington
Camden
Atlantic
Gloucester
Salem
Cumberland
CapeMay
2011 - Over 9,000…
Why Does it Concern UsWhy Does it Concern Us
Equates to About 15 Per Municipality
They’re in Your Town!!!!They’re in Your Town!!!!
Why Does it Concern UsWhy Does it Concern Us
They’re in Your Town!!!!They’re in Your Town!!!!
Why Does it Concern UsWhy Does it Concern Us
Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy SourcesWHY
State Purchase Incentives (up to 25% of cost)State Sales Tax ExemptionFederal Tax CreditsLower or Non-Existent Energy Bills
Note: Utilities Required To Buy Back Excess Solar Energy
Importance to New JerseyImportance to New Jersey
4,709,000 Megawatt Hours Used In One Month Only 36 Megawatt Hours Were Generated By Solar Energy
In 2006
Importance to New JerseyImportance to New JerseyNew Jersey also Houses the Nation’s Highest-Capacity & Oldest Running Nuclear Power Plants
(Salem & Oyster Creek)
Light & Radiant Heat From the Sun that Influences Climate & WeatherNaturally Replenished - Renewable Energy SourceAlso Referred to as Solar Power Or Photovoltaic (PV) Solar: Electricity Generated From Solar Radiation
Solar EnergySolar Energy
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Power from the Solar System is Added to the Normal Home Power Supply Supplied by the Utility Company
Grid Interconnected
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV SystemsSystem Components
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV SystemsSystem Components
Roof Mounted Photovoltaic (PV) PanelsDC Energy ►AC Energy InverterSolar Junction BoxElectric Meter
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Grid Inter-Tied with Battery Backup
System - Similar to Previous System with the Addition of a “Battery Bank” to Store Power Generated from Solar Panels
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Grid Inter-Tied with Battery Backup
Off Grid SystemsOff Grid SystemsNot Tied to Any Utility Service or Power Lines Main Source of Power for Building Can Have Wind-Power, Water-Power & Back-Up Generators Factored in to Provide Energy at Night
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Roof Mounted Solar Panels
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Array DC Disconnect
Charge Controller: Prevents Overcharging
Battery Bank
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
System Meter: Bank Level, Panel Production, House Usage
Main DC Disconnect
DC Energy ►AC Energy Inverter
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
Rectifier- Changes AC Energy ► DC Energy To Be Stored In Battery Bank
Solar Junction Box
Generator Junction Box
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
Power Meter
How Solar PV Systems WorkHow Solar PV Systems WorkPanels Contain PV Cells Made of Semi-conductive Materials Such as SiliconThe Cells Form Layers/ “Wafers” & Contain a Positive Side & Negative Side
How Solar PV Systems WorkHow Solar PV Systems Work
Photovoltaic Panels Photo Means LightVoltaic Means Electricity
Also Commonly Referred to as PV Panels
How Solar PV Systems WorkHow Solar PV Systems WorkElectric Conductors Attached to Panel Sides Form Electric CircuitSunlight Energy Excites Electrons & Knock Them Loose Conductors Capture Energy Creating an Electrical Current
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems WorksDirect Current Electrical Energy is Produced
Power Is Combined in a “Combiner Box” Or “Combination Box” & Sent to Inverter
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems WorksInverter: Changes DC to AC
Information such as Power Level, Energy Production, & Fault Messages can Usually be Observed Here
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems WorksCombiner Box
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
Combiner Box
Conduit to Inverter Note: Always Consider Note: Always Consider
This This HOTHOT
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
Alternating Current (AC) is Distributed to House Service Panel for Use. Excess Power is Transported Back Through the Utility Meter
MountingBolts
Solar Panel Mounting SystemsSolar Panel Mounting Systems
Grid Tracks
Solar Panel Mounting SystemsSolar Panel Mounting Systems
Flat Roof Mounting SystemsFlat Roof Mounting Systems
Weighted or Ballasted System
Flat Roof Mounting SystemsFlat Roof Mounting Systems
Bolted Through or Anchored System
Integrated Roof SystemsIntegrated Roof Systems
Virtually impossible to tell from the ground. This is why preplanning is so important.
Preplanning is EssentialPreplanning is Essential
Some Systems Unidentifiable from Street
Preplanning is EssentialPreplanning is Essential
Systems Differ
Preplanning is EssentialPreplanning is Essential
Disconnect Locations Vary
PV HazardsPV HazardsShock Hazards
Batteries
Roof Collapse
Trip hazards
Roof Ventilation
ShockShockPrimary Firefighter Danger
Maximum Voltage Of A Solar Panel System: 600 Volts (Low Voltage)
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Note: Nearly 300 workers die yearly from low voltage electrical incidents
ShockShock
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Note: Unlike fire, which produces burns in a relatively predictable manner, electricity can strike unsuspecting victims — sometimes fatally!
Momentary Contact With Low DC Voltages May Produce:
Continuous ShockThermal Injury Ventricular Fibrillation
InhalationInhalation
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Protect Yourselves – Use Your SCBA
BatteriesBatteries
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Note: NEVER USE WATER to Extinguish lead-acid battery fires - Use CO2 or Dry Chemical
As a Rule, Batteries Burn with Great DifficultyBatteries Exposed to Fire Generate Extremely Corrosive Fumes & Gases
Roof CollapseRoof Collapse
PV Hazards PV Hazards
PV Panel – 35 lbs
Modules & Racking Hardware – 4 lbs/ft2
Normal Dwelling - 40 Panels35# Each
1,400 PoundsTotal Added Dead Load to Roof System
Approx. Weights
Other HazardsOther Hazards
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Trip Hazards
Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
PV Hazards PV Hazards
PV “Wiring Harness” is CONSIDERED ALWAYS HOT
Roof Operations HazardsRoof Operations Hazards
PV Hazards PV Hazards
During Daytime Firefighting Operations PV Panels Are Still Generating ElectricityDo Not Cut Into Or Walk Across PanelsDo Not Break Protective Glass
All Energy In Entire System Could Be Released At Break Point
Roof VentilationRoof Ventilation
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Ventilate The Highest Point Over The Fire Without Cutting Through The PV Array (other side of the roof)
Flat Roofs With Complete PV CoverageHorizontal With Supplemental Hydraulic & Positive Pressure Ventilation
Firefighting OperationsFirefighting OperationsThe IC Must Notify Firefighters of the Presence of Solar Arrays
Firefighting OperationsFirefighting OperationsLock & Tag Out Array at
InverterDC DisconnectMain Electrical Panel
Firefighting OperationsFirefighting Operations
Use Class “C” Extinguishing Agents- CO2 Or Dry Chemical
PV Array Fire
CAUTION: SYSTEM IS ENERGIZED
Firefighting OperationsFirefighting OperationsRoof Fire
CAUTION: SYSTEM IS ENERGIZED
Use Water Fog Pattern on the PV Array
RememberRemember
Treat All Systemsas Energized
Regardless of Timeof Day
!
RememberRemember
!
You Cannot Effectively Block All The Sunlight With Salvage Covers, Foam, or Tarps During Day Time Operations and Declare The PV System “Safe”
RememberRemember
!Use of spotlights during an evening operation may be bright enough to generate electricity from the PV system
PV Technology AdvancementsPV Technology AdvancementsPV Integrated Shingles
SummarySummaryKnow Where Buildings With PV Systems Are Located In You District.
“Preplan” “Preplan” “Preplan”
Treat PV System Components As Always Energized
Adjust Your Firefighting Tactics Accordingly
Additional Information:www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/Research/FFTacticsSolarPower.pdf
RememberRemember
!
The Systems, Drawings and Pictures depicted in this Presentation are used for discussion purposes only. PV Systems and their Components vary in design, and appearance. It is imperative that Your Department become familiar with the systems installed in your community.
!
Coordination between your Fire Department and your municipalities' Building and Fire Code Officials is Essential to identifying and understanding the PV Systems installed in your Community!
AcknowledgementsCorey J. Hullings …………………… Delran Fire Department
Suzanne Borek…………………Division of Codes and Standards
Richard Farletta ………………..Division of Fire Safety
Ken Kandrac ……………………Slackwood Fire Company
Jerry Lax ………………………..Advanced Solar Products
NJ Board of Public Utilities……Clean Energy Program
James McFadden………………Division of Fire Safety