• Soldiers

• Spies

• Nurses

• Camp Followers

Soldiers• Jennie Hodgers – Union soldier

– Fought for several months in the Missouri artillery unit

– Served under the name Albert Cashier– Fulfilled entire army enlistment– Fought at the battles of Vicksburg, Nashville,

and Mobile

• Frances Clalin -Union soldier – Fought in the Missouri cavalry units

Spies

• Belle Boyd (La Belle Rebelle)– Confederate Spy– Provided valuable info to General Turner

Ashby and Stonewall Jackson– Imprisoned twice and arrested six times– Married Samuel Harding, a Union officer

Rose O’Neal Greenhow• Confederate Spy Known as “Wild Rose”• Known for sending General Beauregard a ten-

word secret message to help win the Battle of Bull Run

• Jefferson Davis credited her with winning the battle of Manassas

• Imprisoned in her own home and then in the Old Capitol Prison– After her second imprisonment, she was exiled to the

Confederate States

Sarah “Emma” Edmonds • Was a Union Spy

– Was both a spy and a soldier– Was enlisted under the name Frank Thompson– Her missions:

• “Cuff” Mission – joined the confederacy as a black slave

• “Bridget O’Shea Mission – disguised as a Irish peddler

• “Black Mammy” Mission – disguised as a laundress and discovered Confederate documents

• Had 11 total missions

More Spies• Emmeline Piggott - Confederate

– North Carolina’s most famous spy– Carried dispatches under her long skirts

• Elizabeth Howland - Confederate– Sent messages through her young children

• Elizabeth Van Lew - Union– Visited Union prisoners taking them food and

medicine– Set up a network of couriers and devised a

code to send messages

Relief Help• Many women helped the war effort by

acting as nurses.– A few of the most famous include:

• Clara Barton

• Dorothea Dix

• Louisa May Alcott

• Sally Tompkins

Famous Nurses

• Clara Barton – Overcame the military

bureaucracy and traveled to the front line

– After the war, created the American Branch of the International Red Cross.

• Dorothea Dix (Dragon Dix)– First worked in a mental hospital– Was put in charge of all army hospitals– Established a nurse dress code

Relief Help

• Dr. Mary Walker– Was awarded the Medal of Honor by President

Johnson for her skill as a surgeon during the Civil War

• Not allowed on the battlefield but served in D.C.

Jobs during the War

• Factory workers – making artillery pieces, uniforms

• Government Positions – copying documents, postal workers, minting money

• Camp Followers – Women who were there to lift morale of the troops

Pair-Share

• Women played many roles in the war such as soldiers, spies, nurses, and more.

• If women didn’t play these roles do you think that outcome of the war would be different? Why or why not?

During the Civil War

Fashion during the Civil War Era

• Fashion depended on your class during the war Victorian Era

• Common styles for women:– Hoop skirt with ruffles, silk blouses, shawls, hat

or bow, bonnet, parasol, fans, corsets, gloves, brooches

• Common styles for men:– Pants, vests, suit jackets, top hats, caps, bow ties,

soldiers gear

Men’s Wear

Women’s Clothing

Music during the Civil War• Songs are split into different categories

– Inspirational marches used to boost morale– Traditional slave songs– Soldier’s songs– Family songs

• Instruments used– Drums – tell soldiers what to do and how to march– Fifes – also told what to do because shrill sound

could be easily heard– Bugles – Gave commands such as morning, retreat,

reverse, etc.

Popular Songs• Both the Union and Confederate sides had songs

they sang.• Soldier Songs

– Examples: When Johnny Comes Marching Home

• Union Songs– Examples: Battle Hymn of the Republic, Battle Cry

for Freedom, The Army of the Free

• Confederate Songs– Examples: Dixie’s Land, God Save the South, The

Yellow Rose of Texas

Questions about the Songs

• What are some of the symbols used in the song?

• Why is the song significant for that side of the war?