Solid State Lighting and changed situation for lighting conditions

Solid State Lighting and changed situation for lighting conditions.

The Future of Energy Efficient Lighting November 28-30. 2011. Katrineholm, Sweden

Marc Fontoynont, Professor [email protected]

Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut, Aalborg University AU Danish Technical University, Fotonik

What we know, what we do not know…. We know that light is indispensable for life on earth (as water, air and nutritients) We know is is essential from our well-being We know various visual, non visual, psychological, cognitive ways we react to light.

©Marc Fontoynont, 2011

What we observe: We NEED light, we LOVE light! We love light at night (we do not like darkness) We are sensitive to the beauty and emotion of light 15-25 % of the cost of a building into facades, glazing, shading, lighting 19% of the electricity produced worldwide is for lighting 20 to 40% of the primary energy required by offices is for lighting In France, street lighting and city beautification is 50% of the annual electricity budgets of cities.


Consequences of the Solid State Lighting SSL technology revolution (2011-2015):

1) Luminous efficacy increase (toward 150 lm/W and more)

2) Reduction of total cost of ownership (TCO): 4€/1000 lm investment (final product) down to 10 € / Mlm.h over 3-6 years

3) Smarter lighting /new markets





Revenues from High Power LEDs should follow the same profile as the onepf LED for mobiel telephones or TV screens (Source Global Lighting Forum)


Consequences of the SSL technology revolution:

Migration of lighting technology: from telephones, computer screensTV screens, car head-lights, specific lighting, general lighting

Toward LED engines at 1000 lm/$ : 2013-2015 or 2020 (DOE)

Toward luminaires delivering 150lm/W. 2015 (CREE), 2020 (DOE)

Question: what will become cost of KWh and TCO of luminaires, per Mlm.h delivered?


New DOE Information

• New DOE SSL Technology Roadmap forecasts

– Solid-State Lighting Research and Development: Multi Year Program Plan, March 2011 http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/ssl_manuf-roadmap_july2011.pdf

2010 Status 2020 Targets


http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/ssl_manuf-roadmap_july2011.pdf�






Annual amortized cost of illumination delivered as a function of the lighting scenario (units : € / Mlm.hr per year) for various daylighting and electric lighting options. Source: Light & Buildings, Marc Fontoynont, 2008

Long term economical approach: Annual Total Cost of Ownership of lighting schemes


Market Developments (USA)

• New high performance, integrated SSL troffers that compete with fluorescent troffers – Efficacy equal or better

than T8 troffers – Excellent light quality and

light distribution – As a result, integral SSL

troffers becoming competitive with fluorescent; examples:

• Cree CR 24 • GE LED Edge Lighting • Acuity RT LED & others

Cree CR 24 • 90-110 lm/W • Step dimming to

50% • 50k to 75k L70

• Low glare • Modest price

GE LED Edge Lighting

• Panels are edge lit

• Uses micro-lens film for shaping emissions

©Marc Fontoynont, 2011 Source PNNL, USA, 2011

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380 480 580 680 780 0

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380 480 580 680 780

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380 480 580 680 780 Tungsten-halogen (filtered) Fluorescent

Cool or Warm White LED Metal Halide

Opportunities for SSL: Continuous spectrum (ref tungsten) richer in blue radiation, with possible adjusment of flux and spectrum, compactness

What is changing with Solid State Lighting?


First experiences with fluorescent, high-pressure sodium and filtered metal halide lamps for supermarket lighting « Role of Gamut appears important, - saturation of colours - opportunities for SSL »

Source: field testing of supermarket lighting, GIRUS, ENTPE, Auchan Supermarkets, 1997-1998

Lighting quality for display: contrasts, colour rendering, Fidelity, colour appearance, attractiveness.


Calibrated Colorimetric Comparator SSL vs other sources

Partnership, Philips Lighting, Eindhoven.


Fidelity vs Attractiveness - PhD Thesis, Sophie Boissard, partnership Philips Lighting, 2007-2010 Ref: TC 1.62 Colour rendering of white LED light sources -> CIE 177:2007 - TC 1.69 Colour rendition ©Marc Fontoynont, 2011

RESULTS 3000K


RESULTS 4000K

Test of satisfaction of observers of various complexion and hair type with various light spectra. Warm white fluorescent and LED mix, 2700K - 220lux . 16 LED cluster randomly presented. 63 observers.

Results or all complexion and hair type, observers tend to prefer neutral spectra, offering highest possible CRI. Lower opportunities for LEDs, only high CRI, warm white. CCT can be function of race, not LED mixing

©Marc Fontoynont, 2011 ©Marc Fontoynont, 2011

Use of panels of observers appears relevant, and complementary to optimization based on maximizing CRI, or minimizing spectral difference with Planck’s curve. Adjusting Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) appears a useful exercice.

SSL for museum lighting Monna Lisa Lighting with LEDs,

Louvre Museum, Paris, 2003-2005


Mesures spectrales conduites par l’ENTPE


« Monna Lisa » Led Spotlight

Monna Lisa Led Spotlight, Design Marc Fontoynont and SKLAER Lighting, Germany, 2003-2005. Assistance Fraen (Italy), ENTPE (France), Russian Automotive University (Russia), Optileds (USA)

©SKLAER ©SKLAER

Multi-LEDs light sources can offer an acceptable way to light paintings and compensate from coloring of glazing and aged varnishes.


Field comparison of Metal Halide and High Pressure sodium Lighting: comparison based on object detection, road sign reading, face recognition under various power densities. Results: Improvement of spectral caracteristics lead to possibilities to reduce power, except for some specific targets. Source: EVALUM 3, City of Lyon, ADEME, Philips Lighting, EDF, INSA, ENTPE, 2007


Lighting with LEDs in narrow streets of Lyon: Benchmarking of LED solutions vs Mercury lamps: analysis by 60 observers: glare aspects, optimal spatial distribution, colour rendering, colour temperatures

Source: EVALUM 4, City of Lyon, ADEME, EDF, Philips Lighting, INSA, ENTPE, 2009

Street lighting ©Marc Fontoynont, 2011

Source: EVALUM 4, City of Lyon, ADEME, EDF, Philips Lighting, INSA, ENTPE, 2009

Lighting with LEDs in parks: Optical aspects: light distribution on lanes and lawns.


Perceived quality vs electric power of lighting at work places

Source: ADEME PUCA, ENTPE, Ingelux, SONEPAR, 2005

Quality: workplane, glare control, global luminous environment


Test feasibility, on-site performance and acceptability of SSL

Standard schemes, uniform lighting, 500lx, fluorescent recessed luminaires 7 to 12 W/m2

Ambient/ task lighting, 200 lx / 500lx using 100 % SSL, matching new EN 12 464-1 standard, 4,5 W /m2

Source: Lighting analysis ENTPE for GIE-Positive Energy Buidlings / Bouygues-Philips Lighting, Oct 2009

Opportunities for LEDs: Task-ambient lighting schemes allow improved balance of light distribution. Opportunities for wall washers. But verify glare issues.

Source: LED-Habitat Proramme ADEME, ENTPE, Schneider Electric, Ingelux, SONEPAR, 2009

Study of SSL for solution for kitchens

Reference LEDs: functionnality and performance

Tests conducted with a panel of 30 observers, 2008 SSL preferred: higher functionality offered by increased number of light points, cabinet lighting.

Issues related to modulations of intensities, spectra and colours Large amount of claims, little robust evidence…. Blue/red light (see Mars 500 programme) LED Therapy, chromotherapy, pulse colored light, etc.

“In Less Than 7 Minutes, You Too Can Experience The Most Natural, Non-Invasive Healing Therapy Known To Man—Delivered Directly Through Your Computer Screen!”


Winter

Percentage of time between 8:00 and 18:00 when 10 Klx are exceeded (Horizontal diffuse illuminances)

Source http://www.satel-light.com

Latitude Rødby: 54.4 °N

Summer

« In winter in Scandinava, days are not only shorter but darker. Thsi lead to sepcific expectency with regard to light and daylight in general.


Grass Ground Stones Water Leaves GreySky BlueSky GreenWater

Possible direction for lighting, winter season Compensate deprivation of daylight Maximize daylight access at mid-day Possibly simulate daylight early morning and late afternoon Investigate more dramatic approach in windowless work places


Exploration of Daylight simulation specifications (1998-2001) till now. Simulation of Sunlight, Skylights and reflexions on ground Study of acceptance / preference over one day, 3 years, then 10 years Mode synchronous / non synchronous / free control by users

PV-LEDS, With ENTPE, Ingelux,, SGAME 2003-2004 Artificial Window Programme / ENTPE-EDF, 1998-2000


Daylight Simulation Tests / Results: High acceptability in windowless spaces (> 10 years of use) Synchronous mode not preferred Individual control / Over-ride indispensable Non-natural spectra sometimes preferred (end of day)

Artificial Window Programme / ENTPE-EDF, 1998-2000 ©Marc Fontoynont, 2011

Daylight simulation: « A summer in Provence », Lyon Light Festival, December 2003 Marc Fontoynont (Lighting Design) Jean Michel Bauer (stage sets) Monique Bauer: sound track (cicadas, bird, wind) , odors (flowerr, lavanda)

Data: 30,000 visitors over 4 days, 80,000 lx, Conference on Light & Health. ©Marc Fontoynont, 2011

Powered by SERVODAN Denmark

8 dimension® window by Windauga ®: deep 3 D images with 4 channel color control and time variations.




Virtual Reality Simulator luminous environme,nt. ENTPE -CNRS)


Virtual Reality Simulator luminous environme,nt. ENTPE -CNRS)

8D Window by Windauga (F) Light Controls by SERVODAN (DK)


ssl.iea-4e.org

IEA 4E SOLID-STATE LIGHTING ANNEX 2010-2014

Marc Fontoynont, Operating Agent Peter Bennich, Chair SSL Management Committee

IEA IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL END-USE EQUIPMENT

United Kingdom The Netherlands Denmark

Sweden Australia France

China Japan USA

20 PARTICIPATING EXPERTS FROM 9 COUNTRIES

Minimum Performance requirements for 5 product categories

TASK 1: QUALITY ASSURANCE

Non- directional Lamps

Directional Lamps

Downlight Fixtures

LED Linear Fluorescent replacement lamps

Outdoor Luminaires

• Tier 0 Performance suitable to replace kerosene and candle lighting with sufficient reliability and minimum costs.

• Tier 1 Minimum acceptable performance for products that connect to the electric grid.

• Tier 2 Performance equivalent to energy-efficient lighting products defined in national labeling programs. Quality, output and efficacies similar to products they replace.

• Tier 3 Highest performing SSL products available in 2011. • Tier 4 Next generation products: High-performance SSL

products expected to enter the market in 2014. Philosophy: health aspects non negociable, SSL performance higher that product they replace.

DEFINING PERFORMANCE TIERS

NIST (USA)

NLTC (China)

VSL (NL)

Asia 1

AIST (Japan) Asia 2

ROUND ROBIN CAMPAIGNS 1 & 2 : NUCLEUS LABS / PARTICIPATING LABS

USA

Europe

IEA-4E-SSL Annex 4E Implementing Agreement

10 + Countries IEA- OECD Countries

(Prof Marc Fontoynont, Operating Agent )

Governments Organize phase out of low efficiency lighting products and

schemes, promote energy-efficent lighting National / International initiatives

EN.LIGHTEN Efficient Lighting for 25+

Developing and Emerging Countries

UNEP - United Nations (Mañez Gomis

Project Manager)

Global Lighting Forum 5000 Lighting Companies

(Pdt J Deneman, sec J. Sturm)

Zhaga LED Light Sources 100+ Members Pdt J Deneman

CIE /IEC /ISO Standards Health/photobiology IESNA, CEN, CS Standards

Accredited testing labs >>

LINKING INITIATIVES

Conclusion: Distribution of roles for increased confidence in SSL and development of innovative lighting schemes Industry / distributors / lighting professionals: Develop new concepts, new products, new standards (Zhaga, etc.), new applications. Solve cost / reliability issues. Promote brands, develop guaranties, train professionals Governments: Influence market to develop /maintain quality of life, health, security, economic development, sustainability. Manage energy policy. Develop regulations. Request evidence / proof of performance-quality Scientific and academic organizations: Develop knowledge, bottom-up and top-down, produce evidence, link scientific fields, organize exchanges, publish, develop education, measurement capabilities. … And think global!

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Solid State Lighting and changed situation for lighting conditions