SOLID WALL LOAD BEARING SYSTEM MASONRY BUILDINGS

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Faculty of Architecture Engineering

Department of Building Constructions

Gergely Dobszay Ph.D -Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

www.epszerk.bme.hu

2016.

SOLID WALL LOAD BEARING SYSTEM

MASONRY BUILDINGS

http://www.epszerk.bme.hu/

DESIGN

PARAMETERS

BUILDING

STRUCTURES

Site description

FunctionFamily houses

(Multilevel residential

Multilevel office)

Industrial buildings

Commercial buildings

Sport halls…

Legislation

Economy

Sustainability

SystemsWalling systems: Masonry

Mon. R.C.

Skeleton frame: Mon. R.C.

Prefab. R.C.

Steel

Timber

Block & large panel building

SubsystemsExternal walls: Solid walls

Curtain walls

Subsoil constructions

Doors & windows

Roof structures

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Stability - Fire protection -Protections internal places against water, heat, noises

BME Architectural Faculty Department of Building Constructions 2016.

REQUIREMENTS BUILDING ELEMENTS

• stability, mechanical strength

• fire protection

• noise and vibration protection

• safety and barrier free solutions

• life and wealth protection

• energy saving and heat protection

• health and environment protection

• sustainable consumption of natural

resources


Brick is forever !

- variable load bearing, flexibility

- environmental – no residues

- variable heat – noise insulation

- comfortable – vapour balance

- can be chiseled, recessed

But:

- sensitive to freezing,

- capillarity requires ext. protection

- not homogenous,

- sensitive to motion

- unit size


BME Department of Building Constructions – Historikus Városszövet Megújítása Kézikönyv 2016. BME Department of Building Constructions –

FACADES OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST

CONSTRUCTIONS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST

BME Department of Building Constructions – TÁMOP Megtartandó homlokzatok pályázat 2012


Selection previously only one element

size available, the smaller the more flexible

Changed at every

or every other level

Unit wall thickness

thick

thin

Primary issue: load bearing

wall thickness, ½ brick is the module

Max 8 levels possible!!

varied wall

thickness

shaft

street

TRADITIONAL

The role of the ring beam

R.C. ring beam:

- reduced vertical length of walls

- binding the rigid disk of the wall

- slab beam connection – torque?

Fmin: 2,0 cm2 (4ø 8) x 2-3 multiples !

Until 1920 wall binding

iron rods

(slab importance)

Wall construction methods

Floor plan unit selections:

- sm. brick: free, in both directions (mortared joints)

- today: fixed thickness, modular in both directions !!!

- minimal module pillar sizes: eg. 2xM, or 1500 cm2

BRICK LAYING RULES !!! , Groove sizes and distances


Walls and slabs

BME Department of Building Constructions – Historikus Városszövet Megújítása Kézikönyv 2016.

CONSTRUCTIONS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST


ROOFS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST


ROOFS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST


WINDOWS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST


WINDOWS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN BUDAPEST

R.C. pillar reinforced walled structure


Product choices, unit families, construction systems


Selection today: ONE unit thick, block elements,

manhandle size units

Considerations:

• load bearing (limited) high density

• heat insulation low density, size increase,

material poperties, mortar

• noise insulation density, constuction

• construction size, density, machinery

load bearing heat insulation

constuctionnoise insulation

HS-profi PTH NF noise insul. YTONG P2-P4 stand. sm.. SILKA

density 650 750 1650 500-600 1500-1700 1600-2000

heat transmiss. 0,14 – 0,17 0,19 - 0,33 0,60 0,12 – 0,14 0,7 0,65 – 0,80

noise insulation 39 - 41 41 - 47 56 - 59 47-49 >57 54 - 57

load bearing 7 10 15 2-4 10-20 15-20

marg. compr. pl. 1,6 0,6 – 1,2 pl.1,6

UP TO DATE


Module: vertical size coordination

machinery for cutting

unit height pref. lintels

sill

r.c. lintels:

- free width

- small height off- levels


The question of JOINTS – unit size – load transmission – heat insulation

Joint surface =1870 cm2 !! / m2

= 18,7 %, λ(mortar)= 0,8 W/mK

N+F system arirtight?

plaster !!!!

with joint cavities:

8 m / m2

λ= 0,17 W/mK

joint: 5 m / m2 = 350 cm2

th.= 2-5 mm, λ= 0,15 W/mK

large size handles

PROFI-system

mortar: 4 l/m2 rigid glue? mortar sled

Accuracy coordination

Porouse concrete accurate

„thin joint” systems


• density γ kg/m3 (per unit, per wall), cavity sizes

• load bearing (unit) / marginal compression (base value)

• shrinkage / slow deformation (flow)

• heat transmission

• air noise transmission Rw (lab value)

• heat expansion quality,

• vapour transmission value / resistance value (μ)

• combustible or not, fire resistance value (REI),

• frost resistance (repeated exposure)

• capillarity, porousity, air transmission,

• water absorbtion qualities

Construction requirements:

• vertical straightness, curvature,

•crookedness

Selection considerations – other qualities


Advantage common material • ring unit, slab units, slab planks

• partition, flat partition

• unit height transoms

• form units, hollow units

• window cavity, half size, end unit,

• heat shield unit etc.

• mortar, glues, plasters

• flexible, system quality, ready houses


From unit to construction

Ring beam

here as well !!

Ring beam,

pillars

Solid brick

console possible!

Roof wall without ring beam: heat expansion motions


Wall end problem

construction rules

lateral pressure

local pressure:

ring beam role

From unit to construction


From wall to building

- Economical solution

- central l.b. wall chimneys, drains

- hole architecture, rithmical facade

- partitions over slab beams gridwork

DISTRIBUTIONS

longtitudinal:

- previously common

- public buildings


From wall to building –

advantages of the perpendicular wall system

Residential, hotel building

with large openings

changing facade plane

1. slab works as a disk

2. internal reinforcing wall positions

3. corner, wall ends

4. shafts parallel to load bearing

5. chimney not part of the wall

6. depth variation - loggia

7. opening without wall end

glass wall possible

8. connection of the half level

stariway slab

module size spans

fixed load bearing wall position

free partitioning


AND THE CLOU ...

These two colors vary depending on the angle at which the light meets the glass

surface.

Depending on the time of day and year, the color and light effects are slightly

different.

Is NARIMA®

a dichroic glass?

NARIMA®

with integrated PV moduls

... by day ... at night

Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion, Stuttgart

Double glazed unit with AMIRAN® as laminated

safety glass

AMIRAN®

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!

[email protected]


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SOLID WALL LOAD BEARING SYSTEM MASONRY BUILDINGS