Solid Waste Management

Chapter 14

1

Generation (Section 14.2)

What is the average per capita MSW generation in the U.S.?

A. 1.3 lb/d

B. 2.4 lb/d

C. 4.6 lb/d

D. 5.1 lb/d

2

3

MSW Composition

Metals13%

Other10%

Paper30%Glass

8%

Yard24%

Food15%

1960

4

Metals13%

Other10%

Paper30%Glass

8%

Yard24%

Food15%

Metals8%

Other17%

Plastics10%

Paper31%

Glass7%

Yard19%Food

8%

1960 1990

5

Activity Q1

Why are local generation and composition data important to have?  

A. To estimate landfill life

B. To provide work for engineers

C. To determine tipping fees

D. To determine incinerator capacity

E. To estimate future impacts of recycling or composting

F. To determine the best mix of management methods

G. They aren’t; national averages are adequate 6

Collection (Section 14.1)

7

Collection Vehicles

8

Activity Q2

How can you optimize routing for collection services?  

A. Avoid rush-hour traffic

B. Maximize left turns

C. Minimize left turns

D. Travel downhill

E. Begin routes near garage

F. Avoid backtracking

G. End routes near transfer station or landfill9

Example

A typical side-loaded compactor truck has a capacity of 30 yd3. Estimate the maximum number of residences it can serve per week. It can make 3 trips per day, 4 days per week. (The fifth day is reserved for special collections, holidays, etc.) Assume each residence contains 3.5 people.

10

Management

What can be done with it all?

11

Raw Materials

Materials Processing

Product Manufacture

Packaging, Distribution

Product Use

Disposal

Reuse

Remanufacture

RecycleDefinitions

12

Activity Q3What is the preferred waste management hierarchy? 

A. Recycling, Landfilling, Incineration

B. Landfilling, Recycling, Incineration, Reuse

C. Recycling, Incineration with energy recovery, Incineration w/o energy recovery, Landfilling

D. Reuse, Composting, Incineration, Landfilling

E. Recycling, Reuse, Remanufacturing, Landfilling

F. None of the above13

Management Hierarchy & Integrated Solid Waste Management (Section 14.7)

14

Historical Management (tons)

15

Management By Region

16

Activity Q4What will impact the choice for a community’s integrated solid waste management system?

A. Bans

B. Diversion mandates

C. Current disposal capacity

D. Future disposal capacity

E. Political climate

F. Federal/state money available

G. Citizen complacency17

Source Reduction (Section 14.6)

Durable Goods

Nondurable Goods

Containers and Packaging

Other MSW

18

Recycling (Section 14.3)

19

Recycling Costs, Recycling Benefits

What are they?

20

Marketing

21

Activity Q5

What makes material recyclable?

A. Has the chasing arrows symbol on it

B. Collectable and marketable

C. Fairly abundant in the waste stream, processable, and marketable

D. Some in the waste stream and processable

22

The Chasing Arrows

23

24

O 2 Nutrients H 2O

H2O Heat CO2

Microorganisms

Compost or humus

Special Recycling: CompostingControlled aerobic partial degradation of organic wastes

25

CompostingMethod

Level Windrow Geometry

(h x l)

Mixing Rate

Time (y)

Minimal 12' x 24' Annually 3 Low 6' x 12' 3x per year 1.5 Intermediate 5-7' x 10-14' Weekly 0.5 High 10' x 200' Periodically 0.25 -1

26

Combustion (Section 14.4)

27

Current Use

28

Activity Q6What are the advantages of incineration?  

A. There are none. Landfilling and recycling are better.

B. It destroys toxic organics.

C. It reduces long-term liability.

D. It’s cheaper.

E. It can produce energy.

F. It reduces the volume needing landfilling.

G. It produces air pollution instead of water pollution.

H. It can improve the recycling rate.

I. It has a smaller footprint. 29

Pollution Control

30

Costs

Net Total Cost(Study published 2/07)

Net Total Life Cycle Criteria Emissions(Study published 2/07)

31

Historic “Landfills” (aka dumps) (Section 14.5)

32

Activity Q7

What are the types of landfills?

 A. Good, bad, and awful

B. Secure, sanitary, and monofill

C. Hazardous waste, municipal solid waste, and construction and demolition

D. Bioreactor and industrial waste

33

Modern Sanitary Landfill Design

34

Sanitary Landfill Design

Clay

Waste

Gas

collection

Leachate

collection

Sand

Liner

Cap

Beware: critical angles, permeabilities35

Landfill Design

Lift (layer)

Cell

Cell

Cell

Cell

CellLift

Lift

36

Leachate Collection & Treatment

37

LFG Collection & Management

38

Landfill Number and Capacity

Illinois

39

Activity Q8

Regulatory requirements for landfill siting include: 

A. Keep a minimum distance from airports

B. Keep away from communities

C. Cover the waste daily

D. Keep out of floodplains, wetlands, and unstable soils

E. Prevent hazardous waste from being deposited

F. Monitor groundwater and gas generation

G. Install liner plus leachate and gas collection systems

 40

Other Siting Issues

NIMBY

Not In My Back YardNIMET

Not In My Elected TermBANANA

Build Absolutely Nothing Anytime Near Anyone

41