SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MANGALORE · PDF fileSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MANGALORE CITY Documentation Submitted to

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MANGALORE CITY Documentation

Submitted to The Director, State Institute of Urban Development, Mysore Submitted by Madhu S. Manohar Environmental Engineer, Mangalore City Corporation

Documentation of the Best Practice

Mangalore City Corporation 2 | P a g e

City Profile

Mangalore is an important city in Karnataka and is situated on

the west coast. After integration the city is developing fast in

all directions viz. in the field of education, industry and

commerce.

Mangalore is located at

12o-52’N latitude and 74o-

49’E longitude. The city is

located in the confluence

of Nethravathi and

Gurupura rivers. It is

bound in the east by the

Western Ghats and in the

west by the Arabian Sea.

Three National Highways

viz., NH-17 linking Panvel

and Kanyakumari, NH-48



linking Mangalore and Bangalore, NH-13 linking Mangalore and

Sholapur pass through the city. A domestic Airport is located at

Bajpe, which is 15 km from city connecting it to Mumbai and

Bangalore. Mangalore is also linked by rail to all major cities of

India and is also having all weather harbors.

Mangalore is headquarters of Dakshina-Kannada District,

largest urban coastal center of Karnataka and the fourth largest

city in the State. The city is an administrative, commercial,

educational, and industrial center. An all weather port is

located in Mangalore and is the only major port of Karnataka.

The topography of the city is from plain to undulating with four

hilly regions natural valleys within the city. The ambient

temperature varies minimum from 17oc to a maximum 37oc.

There is a heavy rain fall of about 4000mm per annum of which

about 90% received in the monsoon period. The relative

humidity is generally very high reaching saturation levels during

the summer period. The geology of the city is characterized by

hard laterite in hilly tracts and sandy soil along seashore.



The City Name

The name ‘Mangalore’ is the anglicized version of ‘Mangaluru’,

the name for the city in the local Kannada language. The

Malayalam language variant of the same is ‘Mangalapuram’.

One of the earliest references to this name is made by Pandya

King Chettian, who called the city as ‘Managalapuram’ in 715

AD. Yet another historical reference is by the 11th century

Arabian traveler Ibn Batuta, whose chronicles refer to

Mangalore as ‘Manjarur’. This variation in spelling is attributed

to the pronunciation gap between and Arabic and the local

language.

It is believed that the city derived its name from the temple of

Goddess Mangaladevi. ‘Mangaluru’ literally means ‘the city of

Mangala’. According to legend Matsyendranatha, one of the

important propounders of the Nath cult had arrived at

Mangalore with the princess of Kerala, Premaladevi. He named

her Mangaladevi. It is believed that they could not proceed



further as Mangaladevi died after a brief period of illness and a

temple was consecrated in her name at Bolar. Later the

Mangaladevi was renovated by the Alupa king Kundavarma in

968 AD.

In the native Tulu language, the city is known as ‘Kudla’

meaning ‘junction’ as the city is situated at the confluence of

the two rivers – Netharavathi and Phalguni. The Konkani

language variant of this ‘Kodial’. The region covering Mangalore

is known locally as ‘Tulunadu’, on account of the predominance

of Tulu language. Yet another name for the city is ‘Mikala’,

which is the name used by the Muslims of the nearby towns of

Manjeshwar and Kasargod to refer to Mangalore. ‘Mikala’, in

their language means ‘wood charcoal’ and this is attributed to

the earlier practice of producing charcoal from wood on the

banks of the river Nethravathi.



Brief History

Mythological associations: According to Hindu Mythology, the

region covering Mangalore is part of ‘Parashurama Shristi’, the

coastal belt reclaimed from the sea by the legendary sage

Parashurama. He crowned a king known as Bhanu Vikrama,

who appointed one of his brothers, Udayavarma to rule the

territory between Payaswini River in the south and Gokarna in

the north.

As for other mythological associations, Rama was the Lord of

Tuluvanad during the days of the Ramayana; and Sahadeva, the

youngest of the Pandavas, was the Governor of this place

during the days of th e Mahabharatha. The Pandavas lived in

Banavasi during their exile visiting Sarapadi near Mangalore.

Arjuna, the hero of Mahabharata also appears to have visited

this place when he travelled from Gokarna to Adur near

Kasargod.



Municipal Administration History

Mangalore came under Municipal administration following

enactment of the Madras Town Improvement Act 1865 and the

thereafter the establishment of the Municipal Council on 23

May 1866. Prior to the introduction of the local self-

government system, the district collector was in charge of the

administration of the city. W.M. Codelho Esq., the then

collector of the district was the first President of the Council.

The functions and deliberations of the municipality were

conducted in the collector’s office till 22-2-1909. Thereafter the

municipal office was shifted to its own buildings.

The council started its functions with 7 members who were

then district officers. Most of them were Europeans. The Vice-

President was the administrative officer. The income of the

municipality was about Rs. 15,000. The population and the area

of the town in the year 1866 were about 28,000 and one

square mile respectively. In the year 1871, the population of



the town was 29712; and there were 6619 houses out of which

4341 were attached. A dispensary was started for the first time

in 1868 at the site of the Lady Goschen Hospital.

Subsequently a series of legislations under the Madras

Presidency resulted in the gradual empowerment of the local

administration and facilitated many welfare activities.

Following the re-organization of States, the Mysore

Municipalities Act 1964 came into force as a uniform act

throughout the state on 1 April 1965, replacing the Madras

District Municipalities Act of 1920. The provisions of this act

gave a new phase to the municipality and it became a city

Municipality. Ample opportunities were made in the Act to

raise the income and also to carry out some of the obligatory

functions.

Mangalore City Corporation came in to existence during 3rd July

1980, which was formerly a Municipality and was expanded



during 1996-97 by including Surathkal Town Municipality,

Katipalla Notified area, Panamboor, Baikampady, Kulai,

Hosabettu villages. Further during April 2002, it was further

extended to include Bajal, Kannuru, Kudupu and Thiruvail

Panchayath

limits into

Mangalore

City

Corporation.

Mangalore City Corporation presided by a Mayor. Mangalore

City Corporation currently has a population of 4,19,306 (as per

2001 census) and area of 132.45 sq.kms. It is divided into 60

wards each represented by a Corporator. Elections to the

Corporation are held every five years and subsequently a

Mayor and a Deputy Mayor are elected for a term of one year.

It comes under portion of 2 Lokasabha Constituencies, 4

Legislative assembly constituencies and 1 legislative council

constituency.



The City Corporation is now housed in its own premises located

at M.G. Road, Lalbagh, Mangalore. Since its up-gradation as a

City Corporation, the civic body has spearheaded several

developmental activities in the city and it has been adjudged as

one of the best Corporation in the state for 3 years

continuously.

Salient Features

Populations 4,19,306 (as per 2001 census)

5,55,244 (as per 2011 estimated)

Area 132.45 Sq Km.

No. of Corporator

wards 60

Tourist spots

Bengre Sandpits, Sultan bathery, St.

Aloysius college Chapel, Thannir Bhavi

beach, Panambur Beach, Pilikula

Nisargadhama, Rosario church.

Fairs and festivals Kadri Manjunatha Temple Jathra in the

month of January, Gokarnanath temple,



Mangaladevi temple Jathra during the

month of October November.

Rain fall An average of 3500 mm.

Temperature Minimum170 C and Maximum 370 C

Climate

The town has heavy rain fall in the

monsoon month and is characterized by

high humidity and temperature.

Solid Waste Management

Health Department plays a key role in Mangalore City

Corporation managing basic services for the citizens for

instance sanitation, public health services, issuing birth and

death certificates, managing solid waste disposal etc.,

Solid waste management is one the most important service

which is handled by the Health Department. The most pressing

problem faced is rapid urbanization & changing lifestyles have

led to the generation of huge amount of garbage and wastes in

the urban areas, so much so, over the past few years; just



handling this Municipal Solid Waste has assumed the

proportion of major organizational, financial and environmental

challenges.

Despite Municipal Solid Waste Management being major task

of the local government, typical accounting for a sizeable

portion of the municipal budget, yet the Urban Local Bodies is

unable to provide effective services. Today the waste is

disposed in an unscientific manner, with crude open dumping

in low – lying areas being the prevalent practice followed by

most Urban Local Bodies. The results of these are foul smell,

breeding of flies & other pests and generation of liquid runoffs

(Leachate), which pose a serious threat to the underground

water reserves. The area coming under the jurisdiction of

Mangalore City Corporation produces an average of 220 TPD of

wastes, with a daily collection frequency of 200 TPD. The waste

collected has a composition of 60% of organic, 25% of

inorganic, 5% of combustible & 10% of recyclable wastes.



As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) rules

2000, including all administrative, financial, legal planning and

engineering functions involved in the whole spectrum of

solutions to problems of solid wastes thrust upon the

community by its inhabitants. The major components of solid

waste management are;

Segregation at the source

Primary (Door to Door) Collection

Secondary Storage

Transportation

Treatment and Processing

Disposal

Segregation

Segregation of wastes into wet, dry/ recyclables and

household hazardous waste.

Familiarizing people about the solid waste management

system adopted.



Training program for retrievers regarding importance of

segregation, proper handling of waste and its hazards due

to improper handling.

Primary Collection

Door to door waste collection

system is being carried out in

60% of the Mangalore City

Corporation Limits.

Programmatic street

sweeping.

MSW is not being mixed with hospital and industrial waste

No Burning of waste

House owners being levied fine for throwing the garbage

in open space.

Conducting awareness campaigns for schools, colleges,

Institutes and for citizens.

Primary door to door collection is been outsourced with

the regular sanitation works.



Secondary Storage

Closed metal secondary

storage containers are

being provided.

Manual handling of waste

is being minimized.

Transportation

Provision for Covered

transportation vehicles is

being provided.

Regular day wise

clearance frequency is

being maintained.

Twin container dumper

placers, Conventional Lorries are being used for

transportation of waste to the Processing & Disposal site.



Treatment & Processing

Windrow composting and Vermi-composting is provided

under KUDCEMP Program at a cost of 6.48 crores.

Provision of 145 TPD of waste is aerobically composted

through Windrow method and 25 TPD of waste is vermi-

composted.

Rejects from Compost plant will be transported to sanitary

landfill site.

Mangalore City Corporation is handling the operation and

maintenance of compost plant since 2008.

Operation of Vermi-composting is started since 2010.

Disposal / Land filling

Development of the landfill would be done in 4 phases.

Phase I for 6 years time frame, phase II, III and IV for 3

years, 6 years and for 10 years time frame consecutively.

Landfill Site is operational since 2010.

Rejects from the compost plant will be land filled.

Daily soil top cover of 30 cm will be provided.



Decentralized Treatment Method

To reduce the burden on the centralized processing plant

and sanitary landfill site, MCC started with a pilot project

on converting waste to energy i.e., Bio-Methanation Plant.

Bhaba Atomic Research Centre Technology was selected

for decentralization system.

Urwa market was selected for the construction and

implementation of Bio-methanation plant.

2 Tons per day capacity plant was designed and was

tendered to M/s Wipro EcoEnergy for construction &

Installation at a cost of 25 lakhs and followed by 2 years of

Operation and Maintenance of the plant.

The plant was commissioned in September 2011 and

running successfully.

The plant is generating 150-160 m3/day of gas and 100 -

120 Kg/day of Manure.

It is also proposed to utilize the gas for generating power

& illuminate the market surrounding.



Aerial View of the Processing & Disposal Site



Windrow Compost Yard

Windrow Composting Yard Machineries

Windrow Platform Rotary Screens



Rejects from Compost Plant Windrow Compost Manure

Leachate Collection Tank Storm Water drain



Sanitary Landfill Site

A View of Sanitary Landfill under Construction



A View of Sanitary Landfill after construction

A View of Leachate pond and Strom water drains



Vermi-Composting

Vermi Compost Pits Filling the Vermi Compost Pits

Spraying Cow dung slurry Introducing Earthworms



Decentralized Bio-Methanation Plant

Sieving the Vermi Manure Packing the Vermi Manure

A View of Bio-methanation Plant under Construction



Under Construction Commissioned Plant

Fully Operational Plant Bio-gas stored in the dome



IEC Activities

Education given at schools & Colleges



Street Plays & Sharmadhana Programs

Marathon for Safe Solid Waste Management







Awards & Achievements

1. In 2009 Jadavpur University, Kolkata Awarded ICON

SWM Award for Mangalore City as the Second Best

City under Solid Waste Management.

2. Union Ministry of Urban Development Awarded

Mangalore City Corporation 8th Cleanest City in May

2010.

3. Green Leaf Award was awarded at Hyderabad by

Suzuki Exnora to Mangalore City Corporation for

Solid Waste Management.

4. In 2011 Jadavpur University, Kolkata Awarded ICON

SWM Award Mangalore City as the First Best City

under Solid Waste Management.

Documents

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MANGALORE · PDF fileSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MANGALORE CITY Documentation Submitted to