SOLID WASTE POLLUTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY

8/13/2019 SOLID WASTE POLLUTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY

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SOLID WASTE POLLUTIONIN HO CHI MINH CITY

T Quang Ph BTIU09033Bi Thanh Hiu BTIU09068 Nguyn Hong Nguyn BTARIU11010Triu Phng Duy BTBTIU11035Hunh Minh Tm BTFTIU11023Lm Th Tr My BABAIU11298


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GENERAL INFORMATION

Ho Chi Minh city is VietNams center of economic, cultural, education, science and

Technology 2,094 square kilometers and more than 9

million inhabitants

Average GDP growing rate: > 12% GDP/person : 2.800 USD (2010) Contribute ~30% national budget


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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

Solid wastes are any discarded (abandoned orconsidered waste-like) materials. Solid wastescan be solid, liquid, semi-solid orcontainerized gaseous material.

EX: waste tires,septage,scrap metal,latexpaints,furniture and toys,domestic refuse(garbage)


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346 Commercial areas218 Markets

128 Supermarkets,commercialcomplexes

2.591Office area

Residential Public areas

354.661

Restaurants,Hotels

area70-80%

53.600Industrial

production

2.139

Education,Training,Research

areas

Sources 521


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SOLID WATES POLLUTION IN HCM CITY


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More than 8600 tons solid waste/day in HCMcity,70% form householdPROBLEMS:

Air/water pollution Bad effect to the urban landscape Disease Economic development is slow Low Life quality


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REASON: The urbanization is too fast

Not suitable planing The solid waste at source isnt good Outdate technologies


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CURRENT

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM


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Recovery, reuse,recycling

Generationsource

Storage at source

Collection

Sanitary landfill

MUNICIPALSOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Transfer Transport


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Composition

Fromhousehold

Atlandfills

50-65%: Bio-degradable organic waste 25%: Recyclable waste

Scavengers classify and collectvaluable components

90 - 95%: Bio-degradable organic waste


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COLLECTION

(2012) about 7.200 7.400 tons/daywith a 6-8% annualgrowth rate

GENERATED

About 0,7 1,0 kgsolid waste /capita-day , in some areasup to 1,2 1,4 kg/capita day

Quantity


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Groups of private solid wastecollectors

District-level public service

companies

Cooperatives

Manpower: 5.300 5.500 people

Equipments:

(1) 660L hand-pushed

carts;(2) tri-motorcycles,tut-tuts;

(3) half-ton trucks

Collection at sourceAt source collectors


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Recycle/reuse solid waste (cont.)

Collected and transported by hand carts


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Transfer- TransportRendezvous

- About 250 300rendezvous sites .

- Often relocatedbecause of

complaints of lowenvironmentalquality.

Transport

- 3 operators:Citenco. (53%),District PublicService Co. (30%),& Industrial

Argicultural Coop(17%).

- Transportmeans: 261vehicles.

Transfer station

- Amount: 45sites- Capacity:from over 10

20 tons/dayto 1.000 1.500tons/day


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Treatment & LandfillSolid waste treatment complex

- North West Cu Chi 687 ha : landfill andcomposting plant

- Da Phuoc 370 ha : landfill- Treatment technology: sanitation landfill

(90% total quantity) and composting(10% total quantity).


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Scavengers

Including:(1) Scavengers at sources (5.300 5.500 people);(2) Workers in purchasing andrecycling hub facilities (6.000 7.000people);(3) Separators and purchasing agentsat district level (500 1.000 people).


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Recycling1.2.3.4.

Executive agencies: ~ 1,200 factoriesManpower: ~ 16,000Recyclable material: 12-18 typesSimple technologies and low investment


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Consequences a Phc landfills(waterproofing technology)

pollutes many cannals asRang, Bun seo and Nga Cay ;and causes the air pollution.

Complex Ty Bc:groundwater in the campushas been contaminated andmicro nutrients: > standardlevel of NH3 up to 7.5 timesand 200 times coli forms.

The Phuoc Hiep complex pollutes air and groundwater,causing the Thay Cai chanelis polluted- Department of

Natural Resources andEnvironment

Workers are handling odors in Da Phuoclandfills.


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Consequences

Causing diseases as respiratory disease, cholera,dysentery, typhoid, dengue fever

80% of diseases link with water andenvironment sanitation

Data from Childrens Hospital 1-HCMC :


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Consequences

Climate change: affected by solid waste & other pollutions:

temperature: increased by 2 C

Sea level: rose 20 cm (overthe past 10 years)

High tides: peaked in thelast 50 years=> Decreasing in peoplesstandard living and health.


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CHALLENGES


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esp. with growingquantities ofhazardous waste

IMPLEMENT Pilot programsin 2003 and 2008

Still unable toimplement officialprogram due tomany reasons

SW Separation at sourceLEADS TO

Difficulties inproducing high

quality compost ,


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by private collector groups

30-40% by district-level

public service companies

Lack of organization

Causing difficultiesfor:

-SW Separation at

source-Modernizing andincreasing efficiencyof SW transit-transport system

At-source collectionAt-source collection

60-70% of SW are collected


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Recycling

- Recycling facilities: Small-scale ,out-of-date technologies

- No specific support activity fromcity for recycling task

- No area planned specifically forrecycling facilities

Difficulties


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P r

o b l e m

TreatmentCurrent 90% of domestic waste goes to sanitary landfills

Look for moderntechnology,higher recyclingcapability,suitableinvestment cost &expenses

PrioritiesCreate a landfill circulation system incl. LFG-to-electricity generation,composting & recycling valuablewaste into materials.


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Human ResourceHuman Resource in the SWM field

Most crucial factor in order to complete the solidwaste management system of HCMC Currently lacking and undertrained , not meetingexpectation


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GENERATIONSOURCE

STORAGE ATSOURCE

RECOVERY, REUSE,RECYCLING

PLANNING OF MUNICIPALSOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Planningrendezvous andtranfer station

COLLECTION

- SW Separation at source- Applying SW collection fee

Improving 3Rsystem

TRANFER -TRANSPORT

TREATMENT

Using sustainabletreatment technology


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MSW MANAGEMENT PLANNING

2016-2020 Implement for residential areas

2020-2025 Implement for the rest residentialareas

SW Separation at source

2011-2015: Implement for trade, services

and public sector; Complete Regulationson SW at source


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2016-2020: Establish formalcollector org.; Waste

transportation route planning

2020-2025: Modernize collectionand transportation sys.; Buildnew transfer station

Transfer and Transport

2011-2015: Support to improveInformal collector system;Planning of Transfer station;


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2016-2025: Moving recyclingfacilities to Waste TreatmentComplex

3-R

2011-2015: Support recyclingfacilities to deal environmentalissues; Establish RecyclingAssociation.


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MSW MANAGEMENT PLANNING-Reduce to 75 - 80% of MSW amount goes to

2011-2015:

2015-2020:

2020-2025:

sanitary landfills + LFG recovery

- Improve Composting plant capacity

- Apply Incineration plant

- Improving SWM management by IT

- Open new Waste treatment Complex


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CONCLUSION

HCMC towards the future

- Currently improving a technical system from generationsources to SW treatment complexes towards increasedrecycling , low emission & sustainable development .

- Can safely manage domestic waste until 2030 .- With the addition of separation at source

program, 3Rs , advanced recycling andtreatment technologies : Can safely manage

domestic waste until 2050 .- Improving staff management capacity is

also crucial.


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Thank you for your

attention !!!

Documents

SOLID WASTE POLLUTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY