Solid Works Lab Manual

PSNACollege of Engineering & Technology

Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul - 624 622. Tamilnadu.

Record Note Book

Reg.No

Certify that this is the bonafide record of work done by

Selvan / Selvi ………………………………………………………… of the……………

Semester………………………………………………………………………….. Branch

during the year………………………. in the…………………………………………….

Laboratory.

Staff-in-charge Head of the Department

Submitted for the University PracticalExamination on………………………..20

Internal Examiner External Examiner

PAGE 0 OF 57

SI No Date ContentPage No

Marks Awarded

Remarks

PAGE 1 OF 57

INDEXEX.

NODATE NAME OF THE EXPRIMENTS

PAGE

NOMARK SIGN

CAD LAB

1Study Of Cad Using Solidworks

2 Draw the 2D profile in solid works sketcher mode

3

Draw the 3D profile of given drawing

Extrude, Cut Extrude, Revolve.

4

Draw the 3D profile of given drawing

Sweep, Draft, Loft.

5Draw the 3D profile using Edit command

6Draw the 3D profile in Assembly mode Ex. 1

7Draw the 3D profile in Assembly mode Ex. 2

83D Modeling of Machine Elements like Flanged

Coupling, Screw Jack.

CAM LAB

9 Study of Cam

10 Study of NC part programming

11 NC Part Programming Examples

12 Write the program of given drawing using G Code

13 Make the Part using G01 and G90

14 Make the object of given figure Using NC code 90

15Make the object of the given figure Using G90, G02

and G03 codes

16Make the object of the given figure Using NC code Using G74

PAGE 2 OF 57

17Make the object of the given figure Using NC code G72

EXERCISE: 1 DATE :

STUDY OF CAD USING SOLIDWORKS

TECHNOLOGY OF CAD:

CAD - Computer Aided Design

CAD technology makes use of the computer to create drawings of parts and

assemblies on computer files, which can be further analyses and optimized.

REASONS FOR IMPLEMENTING CAD:

To increase productivity of the designer

To improve the quality of designTo improve documentationTo create a database manufacturing

BENEFITS OF CAD

Productivity Improvement in Design:CAD helps in increased productivity by reducing the time for developing conceptual

design, analysis and drafting. It is also possible to reduce the manpower.This depends on,Complexity of the drawing.Degrees of repetitiveness of features in parts.Degree of symmetry in partsExtensive use of defined shapes

Shorter Lead Time: Using CAD systems a finite set of drawings and documentations can be prepared in relatively short time.

Flexibility in Design: CAD offers the advantages of easy modification of design to accommodate customer’s specific requirements.

Design Analysis: The design analysis routines available in a CAD System help to optimize the design

Fewer Design Errors: Interactive CAD Systems have built in capability for avoiding errors in design, drafting and documentation.

PAGE 3 OF 57

Standardization of Design and Drafting:

The single operating system in CAD provides a command basis for design, analysis and drafting process. With interactive CAD, drawings are standardized.

Drawing More Understandable:

With the increase in the use of 3D views and solid modeling, it has become easier to comprehend the features of the component readily. One does not have to reconstruct the solid shape from 2D objects. Many software packages allow 3D view generation from a 2D model. Improved Procedures of Engineering Changes: Control and implementations of engineering changes can be significantly and improves with CAD.

Original drawings and reports are available and easily accessible. Revised Information can be retained and new drawings with changes can be created without destroying previous features.

Introduction to 3D Modeling Using Solid Works

Solidworks is a 3-D modeling tool. Unlike other 3-D modeling tools, Solidworks is not fully three dimensional. Other programs allow the user to easily draw in three dimensional space. In Solidworks, one draws in a plane and then extrudes solids from the plane. Planes are used to obtain position in three dimensional space. It is possible to draw in three dimensional space using Solidworks, but is very difficult. Therefore the best method of creating three dimensional objects is using planes.

File typesThe Default tab contains templates based on the units and drafting standard you selected when you installed Solid Works.

Solid Works file types include: Part (.ipt) Assembly (.iam) Drawing (.idw)

PAGE 4 OF 57

1.CREATING A NEW PART FILEa. Go to File:Newb. Select Part

i. Solidworks files consist of parts and assemblies. Individual partsii. are made and combined together in an assembly

2.CHANGING UNITSa. Go to Tools:Optionsb. Click on Document Properties tabc. Select Units from the tree on the l

3.CREATING A RECTANGLEd. Click on Sketch

Sketches are drawings located on a planee. Click on Rectanglef. Select Top Planeg. Click and Drag to create the rectangleh. Click the Return Button in top left corner

4.SIZING THE RECTANGLEi. Select Sketch1j. Right Clickk. Select Edit Sketch

Allows you to modify a sketch you have already drawnl. Double Click the left side of the rectangle

A properties box appears where you can edit the starting andiii. ending points, length, and angle of the line.iv. Set the beginning point in the Y direction to -24v. Set the ending point in the Y direction to 24vi. Set the beginning point in the X direction to -24

e. Double Click the right side of the rectanglevii. Set the beginning point in the X direction to 24

5.CREATING A SOLIDa. Click on Features

Features manipulate sketches and creates three dimensional solidsb. Click on Extruded Boss/Base

This creates a solid by extending a two dimensional sketch intoviii. three dimensions. The sketch can be extruded in either or bothix. directions. It can also be extruded a specified distance or up tox. another surface. The extrusion can also be tapered a specifiedxi. number of degrees

c. Change the distance of D1 to 4.25d. Click the direction arrow so that the normal vector is pointing in theNegative Y directione. Click the check box

6.FILLETSa. Click on Features:Filletb. Set fillet radius to .25c. Select the four Top Edgesd. Click the check box

PAGE 5 OF 57

7. HOLLOWING THE BOTTOMa. Click the bottom plane of the solidb. Draw a 45x45 Rectangle centered on the planec. Click on Features:Extruded Cut

i. Extruded Cut is similar to Extruded Boss/Base, but is the opposite. It takes a two dimensional sketch and removes part of a solid in thethird dimension.

d. Change the distance of D1 to 3.5e. Click the check box

8. SAVINGa. Click on File:Saveb. Name file

9. CREATING AN ASSEMBLYa. Click on File:New:Assembly with units of Inchesb. Insert the Table Top Partc. Click on Insert:Component:Existing Part/Assemblyd. Insert the Leg Parte. Click on Insert:Matef. Select the Left Circle of the hole in the Leg and the Inside of one

of the Left Circles on the tableg. Click the check boxh. Repeat for the three other legs

10. FINISHED

Result:

PAGE 6 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN

EXERCISE: 2 DATE :

DRAW THE 2D PROFILE USING SOLID WORKS

Aim:

To Create a 2D profile in sketcher mode of the given diagram by

using Solid Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PROCEDURE:

RESULT:

PAGE 7 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN

Fig: 1

Fig: 2

PAGE 8 OF 57

Fig: 3

PAGE 9 OF 57

EXERCISE: 3 DATE :


Aim:

To Create a 3D Part Modeling by Use of Extrude, Cut Extrude,

Revolve, in the given diagram by using Solid Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PROCEDURE:

RESULT:

Thus the given components have been created, using Solid Works.

PAGE 10 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN

PAGE 11 OF 57

Extrude, Cut ExtrudeExtrude, Cut Extrude

Rib

Revolve

EXERCISE: 4 DATE :


Aim:

To Create a 3D Part Modeling by Use of Sweep, Draft, loft in the

given diagram by using Solid Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PROCEDURE:

RESULT:


PAGE 12 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN

DRAFT SWEEP

EXERCISE: 5

DATE :

DRAW THE 3D PROFILE USING SOLID WORKS WITH EDIT COMMANDS

Aim:

To Create a 3D Part Modeling by

Use of Move, Pattern, Mirror, Fillet &

Chamfer Commands in the given diagram

by using Solid Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PAGE 13 OF 57

Loft

PROCEDURE:

RESULT:


MARKS STAFFSIGN

PAGE 14 OF 57

RECTANGULAR PATTERN

CIRCULAR PATTERN

MIRROR

PAGE 15 OF 57

EXERCISE: 6 DATE :

DRAW THE 3D PROFILE USING SOLID WORKS IN ASSEMBLY MODE

Aim:

To Create a Assembly from 3D Part Modeling Components in the

given diagram by using Solid Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PROCEDURE:

PAGE 16 OF 57

RESULT:

Thus the given Assembly have been created, using Solid Works.

MARKS STAFFSIGN

PAGE 17 OF 57

PAGE 18 OF 57

EXERCISE: 7 DATE :

DRAW THE 3D PROFILE USING SOLID WORKS IN ASSEMBLY MODE

Aim:

To Convert from 3D Solid Modeling to 2D Drawing and Create the

Different Views, Sections View, Isometric View and Dimensioning by using Solid

Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PROCEDURE:

RESULT:

MARKS STAFFSIGN

PAGE 19 OF 57

To Create a documented drawing of a simple Assembly.

The skills you learn are:

Creating basic drawings Placing views Cutting sections Using model dimensions Adding drawing dimensions Creating a parts list Adding balloons

PAGE 20 OF 57

EXERCISE: 8 DATE :

DRAW THE 3D PROFILE OF MACHINE PARTS USING SOLID WORKS

Aim:

To Create a 3D Modeling of Machine Elements in Flange Coupling

& Screw Jack diagram by using Solid Works.

TOOLS USED :

SOLODWORKS

PROCEDURE:

RESULT:

PAGE 21 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN

PAGE 22 OF 57

PAGE 23 OF 57

Exercise No: 9 Date:

Study of CAM

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) can be defined as the use of

computer systems to plan, manage, and control the operations of a

manufacturing plant through either director or indirect computer interface with

the plant’s production resources. As indicated by the definition, the

applications of computer aided manufacturing fall into two broad categories:

1. Computer monitoring and control. These are the direct applications in which

the computer is connected directly to the manufacturing process for the

purpose of monitoring or controlling process.

2. Manufacturing support application. These are the indirect applications in

which the computer is used support of the production operation in the plant,

but there is no direct interface between the computer and the manufacturing

process.

Basic components of an NC system:

An operational numerical control system consists of the following three

basic components:

1. Program of instructions

2. Controller unit, also called a machine control unit (MCU)

3. Machine tool or other controlled process.

The program of instructions serves as the input to he controller unit, which in

turn commands the machine tool or other process to be controlled. We will

discuss the three components in the sections below.

Program of instructions:

The program of instructions is the detailed step-by-step set of directions,

which tell the machine tool what to do. It is coded in numerical or symbolic

from on some type of input medium that can be interpreted by the controller

unit. The most common input medium today is 1-in-wide punched tape. Over

PAGE 24 OF 57

the years, other forms of input media have been used, including punched

cards, magnetic tape, and even 35-mm motion picture film.

There are two other methods of input to the NC system, which should be

mentioned. The first is by manual entry of instructional data to the controller

unit. This method is called manual data input, abbreviated MDI, and is

appropriate only for relatively simple jobs where the other will not be

repeated. The second other method of input is by means of a direct link with a

computer. This is called direct numerical control, or DNC.

The program of instructions is prepared by someone called a part

programmer. The programmer’s job is to provide a set of detailed instructions

by which the sequence of processing steps is to be performed. For a

machining operation, the processing steps involve the movement between the

cutting tool and the work piece.

Controller unit:

The second basic component of the NC system is the controller unit. This

consists of the electronics and hardware that read and interpret the program

of instructions and convent it into mechanical actions of the machine tool. The

typical elements of a conventional NC controller unit include the taper reader,

a data buffer, signal output channels to the machine tool, feed back channels

from the machine tool, and the sequence control to coordinate the overall

operation of the foregoing elements. It should be noted that nearly all-modern

NC systems today are sold with a microcomputer as the controller unit. This

type of NC is called computer numerical control (CNC).

The tape reader is an electromechanical device for winding and reading the

punched tape containing the program of instructions the data contained on

the tape are read into the data buffer. The purpose of this device of this

device is to the store the input represents one complete step in the sequence

of processing elements.

The signal outputs are the observation to the servomotors and

other controls in the machine tool. Through these channels, the instructions

are sent to the machine tool machine tool from the controller unit. To make

PAGE 25 OF 57

certain that the instruction have been properly executed by the machine, feed

back data are sent back to he controller via feedback channels. The most

important function of this return loop is to assure that table and work parts

have been properly located with respect to the tool.

Sequence controls coordinate the activities of the other elements of the

controller unit. The tape reader is actuated to read data into the buffer from

the tape, signals are sent to and from the machine tool, and so on. These

types of operations must be synchronized and this is function of the sequence

controls.

Machine tool or other controlled:

The third basic component of an NC system in machine tool or other

controlled process. It is the part of the NC system which performs useful

work. In the most common examples of an NC system, one designed to

perform machining operations, the machine tool consists of the worktable and

spindle as well as the motors and controls necessary to drive them. It is also

includes the cutting tools, work fixtures, and other auxiliary equipment need in

the machine operation,

NC machine range in complexity from simple tape-controlled drill presses

to highly sophisticated and versatile machining centers. The NC machining

centre was first introduced in the late 1950s. it is a multifunction machine

which incorporates several time saving features into is capable of performing

a verity of different operations, drilling tapping, reaming, Milling, and boring.

The tools are kept in a tool drum or other holding device. When the tape calls

a particular tool, the drum rotates to positions the tool for insertion into the

spindle. The automatic tool changer then grasps the tool and places it into

spindle chuck. The machine table can orient the job so that it can be

machined on several surfaces, as required. Finally, a fourth feature

possessed by some machining centres is the presence of two tables or

pallets on which the work piece can be fixtures. While the machining

sequence is being performed on one work part, the operator can be unloading

the previously completed piece, and loading the next one. This improves

machine tool utilisation because the machine not have to stand idle during

loading and unloading of the work parts.

PAGE 26 OF 57

TYPES OF CNC MACHINES1. Vertical Machining Centres

2. Horizontal machining centres

3. Machining centres with indexing heads

4. Multi-axis machining centres

5. Unmanned machining centres

6. Head changer machines

7. Plano millers

8. Milling machines

9. Drilling machines

10.Horizontal Axis Turning machines

11.Vertical axis Turning Machines

12.Surface grinders

13. Cylindrical grinders

14.Tool and cutter grinders

15.Fixed RAM Electro Discharge machines

16.Wire EDM

17.Punching and nibbing machines with plasma arc or laser beam

machining

18.Forming machine

Pipe bending machines

Sheets bending machines

Stretch forming machines

Flow forming machines

19.Gear cutting machines

Gear hobbing machine

Gear shaping machine

Gear grinders

20.Coordinate measuring machines

21. Inspection systems

22.Welding systems

23.Packing equipment

PAGE 27 OF 57


NC PART PROGRAMMING

NC part programming is concerned with the planning and

documentation of the sequence of processing steps to be performed on a

Numerical Control machine. It is usually accomplished by a person whose title is

part programmer. The panning portion of part programming requires knowledge

of machining (or other processing technology for which the NC machine is

designed) as well as geometry and trigonometry. The sequence of processing

steps in NC involves a series of movements of the processing head with respect

to the machine table and work part.

The documentation portion of part programming involves the

input medium that is used to transmit the program of instructions to the NC

controller unit (the MCU). The most common input medium is used over the last

30 years is 1” –wide punched tape. Recently other ways of entering the program

to the MCU have been developed. The use of magnetic tape and floppy disks

has been growing in popularity since they represent more modern storage

technologies for numerical control. The advantage of these input media is their

much higher data density. For example, one floppy diskette is capable of storing

the equivalent of several thousand feet of punched tape.

In addition, techniques for transmitting the program directly

from a central computer to the individual machines in the factory have been

introduced. This form of program input is called direct numerical control (DNC)

NC WORDS Following is a list of the different types of words used in the

formation of block. Not every NC machine uses all the words. Also, the manner in

which the words in a block are given in the order below:

SEQUENCE NUMBER (N-WORDS). This is used to identify the block

PREPARATORY WORK (G-WORDS)

This word is used to prepare the controller for instructions that are to

follow.

PAGE 28 OF 57

For example, the word G02 is used to prepare the NC controller unit for

circular interpolation along an arc in the clockwise direction. The preparatory

word is needed so that the controller can correctly interpret the data that follow it

in the block. Come typical examples of G-words are given in the Table below.

Some Common G-Words

CODE PREPARATORY FUNCTIONSG00 Used with countering systems to prepare for a point to point operation

G02 Linear interpolation in contouring systems

G03 Circular interpolation, clockwise

COORDINATES (X-, Y-, Z-, WORDS):

These give the coordinate positions of the tool. In a two-axis

system, only two of the words would be used. In a four –or-five-axis machine,

additional a-words, b-words would specify the angular positions.

FEED RATE:

This specifies the feed rate in a machining operation. Units are

mm/min or inch/min.

CUTTING SPEED:

This specifies the cutting speed of the process, the rate at which

the spindle rotates. Units are revaluations per minute. In a machining operation it

is usually desirable for the tool engineer to specify the speed in terms of the

relative speed of the tool and work. The units would be metre per minute. It is

there necessary for the part programmer to make the conversion from using the

machining process equations given.

TOOL SELECTION:

This word would only be needed for machines with a tool turret of

automatic tool changer. The t-word specifies which tool is to be used in the

operation. For example, T05 might be the designation of 6mm drill bit ion turret

position 5 on an NC turret drill.

PAGE 29 OF 57

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION:

The m-word is used specify certain miscellaneous or auxiliary

functions which may be available on the machine tool. Of course, the machine

must posses the function that is being called. A partial but representative list of is

given below. The miscellaneous function is the last work in the block. To identify

the end of instruction, an end of block (EOB) symbol is punched on the tape.

Some typical M-Words:

CODE MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONSM03 Start spindle in clockwise direction

M04 Start spindle in counter clockwise direction

M05 Stop spindle

TAPE FORMATS:

The organization of words within blocks is called the tape format. Three

tape format seem to enjoy the most widespread use:

1. Word address format

2. Tab sequential format

3. Fixed block format

The tape for mat refers to the method of writing the words in a block of

instruction. Within each format there are variations because of differences in

machining processes, type of machine, features of the machine tool, and so

on.

WORD ADDRESS FORMAT:

In this format, a letter precedes each word and is used to identify the word

type and to address the data to a particular location in the controller unit. The

X-prefix identifies an X-coordinate word; an S-prefix identifies spindle speed

and so on. The standard sequence of words for two-axis NC system is

M-word

G-word

X-word

Y-word

F-word

S-word

T-word

EOB

PAGE 30 OF 57

However, since the type of word is designed by the prefix letter, the words

can be presented in any sequence. Also, if a word remains unchanged from

the previous block or is not needed, it can be deleted from the block.

FUNCTION (G CODES)

G Codes are instruction describing machine tool movements.

G00 Fast Traverse

G01 Linear interpolation (cutting feed)

G02 Circular Interpolation (clockwise)

G03 Circular Interpolation (counter clockwise)

G04 Dwell

G20 Imperial (Input in Inches)

G21 Metric (input in mm)

G28 Go to Reference

G40 Cutter Compensation Cancel

G41 Cutter Compensation Right

G42 Cutter Compensation Left

G50 Coordinate Setting

G70 Finishing Cycle

G71 Stock Removal in Turing

G72 Multiple Facing

G73 Pattern Repeating

G74 Peck Drilling

G76 Multiple Thread

G81 Drilling Cycle

G90 Turning Cycle

G94 Facing Cycle

G96 Const. Surface

G97 Var. Surface

G98 Feed per Minute

G99 Feed Per Rev

PAGE 31 OF 57

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION (M CODES)

M Codes are instructions describing miscellaneous functions like calling the tool,

spindle rotation, coolant on etc.,

M00 Program Stop

M01 Optional stop

M02 Program end

M03 Spindle On

M05 Spindle Stop

M06 Tool Change

M08 Coolant On

M09 Coolant Off

M10 Vice Open

M11 Vice Close

M13 Spindle Forward, Coolant on

M15 Spindle Reverse, Coolant on

M25 Quill Extend

M26 Quill Retract

M30 Programme End

M38 Door Open

M39 Door Close

M98 Subprogram call

M99 subprogram exit

G00 FAST TRAVERSE

A G00 causes linear motion to the given position at the maximum federate from

the current position.

Examples: G00 X0.0 Z0.0

G01 LINEAR

A G01 causes linear motion to the given position at the last specified federate

from the current position.

Examples: G01 X30.0 Z-1.0 F100.0

G01 X0.0

PAGE 32 OF 57

G02 CLOCKWISE ARC

A G02 causes a clockwise arc to the specified position.

Examples: G01 X20 Z-10 F120

G03 X30 Z-15 R5.0

G02 X40 Z-20 I15

G03 COUNTER CLOCKWISE ARC

A G03 causes a counter clockwise arc to the specified position.

Examples: G01 X20 Z-10 F120

G03 X30 Z-15 R5

G02 x40 Z-20 K-5

G04 DWELL

A G04 causes the program to wait for a specified amount of time.

The time can be specified in seconds with he “X” or “U” prefix or in milliseconds

with the “P” prefix.

Examples: G04 X1.5

G04 U1.5

G04 P1500

G20 IMPERIAL

A G20 causes positions to be interpreted as being in imperial units. All the input

values are inches.

This can only be at the start of the main program.

G21 METRIC

A G21 causes positions to be interpreted as being in metric units (mm). This is

can only be at the start of the main program.

G28 GOTO REFERENCE POINT

A G28 causes a fast traverse to the specified position and then to the machine

datum.

Examples: G28 X34.0 Z5.0

G28 U0 W0

PAGE 33 OF 57

G40 CANCEL COMPENSATION

A G40 Cancels tools nose radius compensation.

G41 COMPENSATE RIGHTA G41 enables tool nose radius compensation to the right of the programmed

path.

G42 COMPENSATE LEFTA G42 enables tool nose radius compensation to the left of the programmed

path.

G50 COORDINATE SETTING

G50 enables tool nose radius compensation to the left of the programmed path

G50 has 2 users.

A coordinate setting block has as “X”, “Z”, “U” or “W” upon it.

A maximum spindle speed block does not.

G70 FINISHING CYCLE

A G70 causes a range of blocks to be executed, then control passes to the block

after the G70. The “P” and “Q” values specify the “N” block numbers at the and

end of the profile.

Examples: G70 P10 Q20

G71 MULTIPLE TURING

A G71 causes the profile to be roughed out by turning. Control passes on to after

the last block of the profile. Two G71 blocks are needed to specify all the values.

Examples: G71 U2 R1.5

Specifies a depth of cut (radius) of 2 and an escape of 1.5.

G72 MULTIPLE FACING

A G72 causes the profiles to be roughed out by facing. Control passes on to after

the last block of the profile.

PAGE 34 OF 57

Two G72 blocks are needed to specify all the values.

Examples: G72 W2. R1.5

Specifies a depth of cut specify the “N” block numbers at the start and end of the

profile.

G72 P10 Q20 U1.0 W1.0

The “U” and “Q” values specify the “N” block numbers at the start and end of the

profile.

The “U” and “W” specify the distance and direction of the finishing allowance on

the X and Z axis.

G74 END FACE PECK DRILLING

G74 is a Z axis pecking cycle.

Two blocks are required.

Examples: G74 R1.0

G74 Z-40 Q5000 R0.5 F100

Z – depth, Q – depth of cut in Z direction, F – Feed rate.

The “R” in the first block is the return amount.

G76 THREADING CYCLE

G76 is a multiple pass threading cycle. Two blocks are required.

Examples: G76 P031560 Q150 R0.5

G76 X17.96 Z-50 P1020 Q250 F1.5

The “P” value is: - 03 = No of Finishing passes

15 = Pull out angle

60 = Angle of thread

The “Q” is the minimum cutting depth times 1000, in this case 0.15mm.

The “R” is the finishing allowance, here its 0.15mm.

The 2nd block is identified by specifying a coordinate.

G76 X17.96 Z-50 R0.0 P1020 Q250 F1.5

The “X” and “Z” are the end of the thread. The “R” must be 0.

The “P” is the height of the thread times 1000, here its 1.02mm.

The “Q” is the height of the thread times 1000, in this case 0.25mm.

The “F” is the thread’s Lead, Not the federate, here it is 1.5mm.

PAGE 35 OF 57

G81 DRILLING CYCLE

A G81 is a drilling cycle.

An explicitly specified G81 will

Linear to new position.

Fast traverse to start positions

A modally specified G81 differs in that it will first traverse to 1 mm short on the

last drilling position.

If only an X axis value is entered then grooving will be performed.

If only a Z axis value is entered then drilling will be performed.

Examples: G81 U-4.0

U-8.0

G81 Z-2.0

Z-4.0

G90 TURNING CYCLE

A G90 is the diameter cutting cycle

It is the equivalent of

Rapid to X position

Fred to Z position.

Feed to start X position.

Rapid to start Z position.

I an “R” value is specified tapering will be performed. The initial rapid move will

be to the X position plus the “R” value (Radius)

G92 THREADING CYCLE

G92 performs one threading pass.

The position specified is that of the end of the thread.

The “F” value specifies the pitch, Not the feed.

Examples: G92 U-0.25 W-20 F1.5

PAGE 36 OF 57

G94 FACING CYCLE

A G94 is an end face cutting cycle.

It is the equivalent of

Rapid to Z position.

Feed to X position

Feed to star Z position

Rapid to start X positing.

If an “R” value is specified tapering will be performed. The initial rapid move will

be to the Z position pules “R” value.

Examples: G94 U-4 W-2.0 R8.0 F140

W3.0

W-4.0

G96 CONSTANT SURFACES SPEED

G96 Enables constant surface speed.

Examples: G96 S100

Sets the surfaces speed to 100 meters a minute.

G97 NORMAL SPINDLE

G97 cancels constants surface speed.

The spindle speed all not change the next “S” value is reached.

Example: G97

G98 FEED PER MINUTES

G98 stets the feed per minute mode. This is the default.

Example: G98

G99 FEED PER REVOLUTION

G99 sets the feed per revolution modes.

M00 Program Stop

A cycle operation is stopped after a block containing M00 executed.

Examples: M00

PAGE 37 OF 57

M01 Optional Stop

Cycle operations is stopped after a block containing M01 is executed. This code

is only effective when the optional stop switch on the machine control panel has

been pressed.

Examples: M01

M02 Program end

Stopes the spindle. Turns the coolant off. Terminates the CNC program.

Examples: M02

M03 Spindle Forward

Starts the spindle spinning forward at the last specified spindle rate.

Examples: M03 S1200

M04 Spindle Reverse

Starts the spindle spinning forward at the last specified rate.

Example: M04 S1200

M05 Stop Spindle

Stops the spindle without changing the spindle speed.

Example: M05.

M06 Tool change

The “T” prefix causes a tool change, it need not be paired with an M06”.

The left most digit of the “T” ignoring zeros selects the new tool.

Example: M06 TO200

And T20

And T2

All select tool 2.

M08 Coolant On

M08 turns the coolant on.

M09 Coolant Off

PAGE 38 OF 57

M09 turns the coolant on.

M10 Chuck Close

M10 opens the chuck.

M11 Chuck Close

M11 close the chuck.

M13 Spindle Forward, Coolant On

Sets spindle rotation forward and coolant on.

Example: M13 S1000.

M14 Spindle Reverse, Coolant On

Example: M14 S1000

M25 Quill Extend

Extends the quill (tailstock).

M26 Quill Retract

Retracts the quill (tailstock).

M30 Program End

Stops the spindle. Turns the coolant off. Terminates and resets the CNC

program.

Example: M30

M38 Door Open

Opens the door, waiting until the door is open.

M39 Door Close

Close the door, waiting until the door is closed.

M98 Subprogram call

M98 causes another program to be executed.

The “P” value specifies the program number and the number of times to execute

it.

The rightmost 4 digits are the program number.

The digits to the left are the number of repetitions.

There can be up to 999 repetitions, if the value is omitted it is called once.

Example: M98 P12 and M98 P10012 both execute cnc program 12

once.

M99 Subprogram Exit

Returns control to the program that called the current program.

PAGE 39 OF 57

If a “P” value is specified then execution begins from the block with the same “N”

number, otherwise it is from the block after the subprogram call.

If an M99 is specified in the main program then the execution is from the start of

the program.

Example: M99

Returns to the block following the call.

M99 P10

Returns to the block with “N” value 10.

Result:

PAGE 40 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN


NC PART PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

Facing Operation: for 5 mm

[BILLET X30 Z65

G21

G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0202

M03 S1000

G00 X30 Z1

G01 Z-1 F45

G01 X0

G01 Z1

G00 X30

G01 Z-2

G01 X0

G01 Z1

G00 X30

G01 Z-3

G01 X0

G01 Z1

G00 X30

G01 Z-4

G01 X0

G01 Z1

PAGE 41 OF 57

G00 X30

G01 Z-5

G01 X0

G01 Z1

G00 X30

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

SIMPLE TURNING (USING G90)

[BILLET X30 Z60

G21

G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G00 X30 Z1

G90 X29 Z-30

X28

X27

X26

X25

G00 Z1

G28 U0 W0

M05

PAGE 42 OF 57

STEP TURNING

[BILLET X30 Z60

G21

G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G00 X30 Z1

G90 X29 Z-30 F35

X28

X27

X26

X25

G00 X25 Z1

G90 X24 Z-15 F35

X23

X22

X21

X20

G00 Z1

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

PAGE 43 OF 57

TAPER TURNING

[BILLET X30 Z60

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G00 X30 Z1

G90 X30 Z-30 R0.0 F30

X29 R0.5

X28 R1.0

X27 R1.5

X26 R2.0

X25 R2.5

X24 R3.0

X23 R3.5

X22 R4.0

X21 R4.5

X20 R5.0

G00 X30 Z-30

G90 X30 Z-55 R0.0 F30

X30 R-0.5

R-1.0

R-2.0

R-3.0

R-4.0

R-5.0

G28 U0 W0

M05 M30

PAGE 44 OF 57

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

[BILLET X30 Z60

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G00 X30 Z1

G90 X30 Z-10 F30

X29

X27

X25

X23

X22

X20

X18

X16

X14

X12

X10

G00 X10 Z-10

G02 X20 Z-20 R18 F30

G00 X30 Z-10

G90 X30 Z-30 F40

X28

X26

X24

PAGE 45 OF 57

X22

X20

G00 X20 Z-30

G03 X30 Z-40 R14 F30

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

THREAD

[BILLET X20 Z50

G21 G98

G28 U0W0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G90 X20 Z-40 F45

X19

X18

X17

X16

X14

X12

G00 X13 Z1

M06 T0404

M03 S700

G92 X12 Z-30 F2

X11.75

X11.5

PAGE 46 OF 57

X11.4

G00 X20 Z0

G28 U0W0

M05

M30

DRILLING

[BILLET X30 Z60

G21

G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G00 X30 Z1

G90 X30 Z-35 F45

X28

X26

X25

G28 U0 W0

M06 T0202

G00 X0 Z1

G74 R2

G74 Z-25 Q500 F20

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

PAGE 47 OF 57


Make the object as shown in figure Using G01

Procedure:

Result:

PAGE 48 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN


Make the object as shown in given figure Using codes G01 and G90

Procedure:

Result:

PAGE 49 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN


Make the object as shown in the following figure Using NC code G90

Procedure:

Result:

PAGE 50 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN

Exercise No:15 Date:

Make the object as shown in the following figure Using G90, G02 and G03

codes

Procedure:

Result:

PAGE 51 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN


Make the object as shown in the following figure Using NC code Using

G74

Procedure:

Result:

PAGE 52 OF 57

MARKS STAFFSIGN


Make the object as shown in the following figure Using NC code G72

Procedure:

Result:

PAGE 53 OF 57

TUTORIALS

NC PART PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

LINEAR INTERPOLATION

[BILLET X100 Y100 Z20

G21 G94

G91

M06 T0101

G28 X0 Y0 Z0

M03 S1000

G90

G00 X15 Y15 Z5

G01 Z-2 F60

G01 X85 Y15

G01 X85 Y85

G01 X15

G01 Y15

G00 Z5

G91

G28 X0 Y0 Z0

M05

M30

PAGE 54 OF 57

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

G21 G94

G91

G28 X0 Y0 Z0

M06 T0101

M03 S1000

G90

G00 X20 Y35 Z10

G01 Z-5 F60

G02 X35 Y20 R15

G01 X65 Y20

G02 X80 Y35 R15

G01 X80 Y65

G02 X65 Y80 R15

G01 X35 Y80

G03 X20 Y65 R15

G01 X20 Y35

G00 Z5

G91

G28 X0 Y0 Z0

M05

M30

PAGE 55 OF 57

Circular Interpolation

Circular Pocketing

PAGE 56 OF 57

Documents

Solid Works Lab Manual