Solliance OPV Program - 20140114 - …organext.org/userfiles/news/organext_cluster-mee.pdfParameter Now 2015 2020 > 2030 Cost: €/W p €/m 2 > 10 €/W p ... Nafion solution processed

SOLLIANCEAn R&D cluster bringingthin film solar energy technology to excellence

OPV Program

Towards Low Cost, Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaic Modules

Ronn Andriessen

Solliance OPV Program

Introduction Presentation

• Introduction• General Goal• Current Status• Applications• Conclusion

� 3

Solliance OPV Program – Organext Meeting Maastricht2014-01-14

Solliance R&D partners

� ECN, the leading energy research institute in the Netherlands, Europe

� imec , a world-leading research institute in nano-electronics, based in Flanders, Belgium, Europe

� TNO, the leading Dutch (Europe) institute for applied scientific research and strong in generic technologies

� Holst Centre , a joint research initiative of imec en TNO located in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, Europe

� TU/e, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands, Europe

� FZJ, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, Europe

� 4


OPVCIGS& alternatives

Thin film PV programs

Solliance research platforms

� Generic enablingtechnologies• Interconnects• Modules & integration• Packaging• Light management• Characterisation• Industries &

applications

tf-Si

� 5


Solliance : open thin film PV research lines

� Local government investment• Move of thin film PV activities of ECN to Eindhoven, the Netherlands• Alliance of ECN, TNO, TU/e, Holst Centre and IMEC

� Investment in new Solliance building

� Investment of new infrastructure• CIGS: S2S vacuum � R2R “ambient”• tf-Si: R2R• OPV: S2S and R2R � “ambient”

Artist impression

� 6


Impression new Solliance building @ HTC

� Expected Q4 2013

� 7



General Goal Presentation


� 9


Working principle OPV: Bulk HeteroJunction

OMe

O

OMe

O

(

)n

e-

MDMO-PPV PCBMas donor (D) as acceptor (A)

N.S. Sariciftci et al., Science, 1992, 258, 1474C.J. Brabec et al., Chem. Phys. Lett, 2001, 340(3,4), 232

45 fs

Recombination: from µs to ms

D

A

-

metal or transparent top electrode

transparent bottom electrodeglass or plastic or …

The organic donor and acceptor arenanoscopically mixed to overcome ~10 nmexciton diffusion length and increasedonor/acceptor interface.

Light

R. H. Friend et al., Nature, 1995, 376, 498 A. J. Heeger et al., Science, 1995, 270, 1789

D

A

Record cell efficiency2013

12% (Heliatek)

Record cell efficiency2013

12% (Heliatek)

� 10


OPV Solliance Performance Roadmap

� 11


Solliance’s long term OPV ambition and goals

Parameter Now 2015 2020 > 2030Cost: €/W p

€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency 10 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%

Module efficiency Upscaled < 1%(Hero 5,5%)

≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%

Transparent electrode ITO � Ag –grid + HC-PEDOT(vacuum � ambient)

Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT

tbd, but cost ↓, transparency ↑& conductivity ↑

tbd

Printing/coating Chlorinated � non-chlorinated solvents

Solvent � water based

Water based �multi-layer

Single multi-layer deposition + laser & interconnects

Production yield R2R speed

< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2

≥ 2 years but burn-in≤ 15 €/m2

≥ 5 years, limited burn-in

≤ 10 €/m2

≥ 10 years, merely burn-in

≤ 7 €/m2

> 20 years, no burn-in

Energy Payback Time 2 months 1,5 months 1 month 1 week


Overview current status Presentation


� 13




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency 10 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%


≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 14


Towards low cost manufacturing

� Goal• < 0,3 $/Wp

� All-printed OPV modules

• No vacuum• ≤ 110°• Low cost materials

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

ITO Laser Grid Metal foil Metal foil + Cu

$/W

p

4%

8%

12%

16%

< 0.5 $/Wp seems to be feasible already at 12% cell

efficiency (10.2% total module efficiency)

< 0.5 $/Wp seems to be feasible already at 12% cell

efficiency (10.2% total module efficiency)

� 15




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency 8 – 11% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%


≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 16


Cell efficiency status Solliance OPV

� Record cell efficiencies (imec & TU/e)

13el

ectr

o-ac

tive

laye

rs10

solu

tion

proc

esse

dla

yers

Glass

ITO

TiOx

PolyEra Polymer

MoOx

Ag

Glass

ITO

PEDOT:PSS

PF10TBT:PCBM

ZnO

N-PEDOT

PDPPTBT:PCBM

LiF:Al

5el

ectr

o-ac

tive

laye

rs3

solu

tion

proc

esse

d

9el

ectr

o-ac

tive

laye

rs6

solu

tion

proc

esse

d

Nafion

* i.c.w. &

Technology Single junction Tandem Triple junction

Evaporated 8,5% 9,3% n.a.y.

Solution processed small molecules

8,1% 2% (world’s first) n.a.y.

Solution processed polymers

9,8%9% (certified)*

10,6% 9,6%

Complexity � but also potential performance �Complexity � but also potential performance �

� 17




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency > 9 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%

Module efficiency Up-scaled < 1%(Hero 5,5%)

≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 18


Module efficiency status Solliance OPV

Picture Deposition Technology

Interconnection Technology

ApertureEfficiency

Picture

Evaporated single junction

Mechanicallyscribed

7,2%

Solution processedNon-transparent

Mechanicallyscribed

5,5%(certified)

Solution processedSemi--transparent

Mechanicallyscribed

5%

Solution processedNon transparent

Laser scribed(multi-step)

2%*

Solution processedNot optimized metal grid

Ink Jet Printed(6 layers)

1,5%*

All solution processed

Laser scribed(back-end)

< 0,5%*

*low performing materials

� 19




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency > 9 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%


≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 20


Low cost generic OPV stack

SubstrateAg AgHC-PEDOT

ZnOPAL

HC-PEDOTAg Ag

� All Solution Processed Devices• Low cost production• Symmetrical device

• bottom & top transparent electrode

• Substrate independent• Light incidence side can be chosen• Non-transparent or semi-transparent

• Freedom in form factor

� 21


Status Transparent Electrodes

� ITO �� Printed Ag and HC-PEDOT• ITO on glass:

• 10 Ohm/Sq

• ITO on PET: • 60 Ohm/Sq

• IJP Ag grid: • 15 Ohm/Sq, 5% area coverage

• Screen printed grid:• < 1 Ohm/Sq, 5% area coverage

• Coated or IJP HC-PEDOT• 150 – 250 Ohm/Sq, > 90% transparency

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

200 400 600 800 1000

glass_ITO_Pedot

glass+HC-PEDOT

glass+HC-PEDOT+grids

Wavelength (nm)

Tra

nsm

itta

nce

(%)

� 22


Status Transparent ElectrodesTop HC-PEDOT + IJP Ag Top HC-PEDOT + SP Ag grid

Bottom IJP Ag grid + HC-PEDOT Bottom embedded SP Ag gr id + HC-PEDOT

-10

-5

0

5

10

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Voltage (V)Cur

rent

Den

sity

(m

A/c

m2 ) standard

inverted PEDOT/inverted PEDOT/inverted solution processed

-12

-7

-2

3

-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0

Reference Grids

� 23




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency > 9 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%


≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 24


Upscaling status Solliance OPV

� Choice of deposition techniques for the electro-act ive layers• Thin and homogeneous layers (10 – 200 nm ≤ ± 5%)• Low/non-toxic solvents• Limited/No intermixing• No damaging

� Selection of deposition processes• Non-contact & sharing inks:• Ink Jet:

• low volumes• customized

• Slot die coating: • high volumes• mass-production

• Spray coating: • specific• 3D surfaces

� 25


Slot die � together with nTact: R2R intermittent stripe coating

R&R PixDro/MiPlazaS2S 6 inch ink jet engine with integrated dryer

nTact S2S intermittent slot die with shimsDirect coating of squares or rectangles

R2R 30 cm ink jet modules

S2S

R

2R (c

hoic

e is

CoO

and

appl

icat

ion

rela

ted)

Coatema/Troller/nTact30 cm modular R2R coat and print line

Upscaling status Solliance OPV

Spray CoaterSonotek

Slot Die, Spray Coating, Ink Jet (choice is CoO and application related)

� 26


� Ink Jet Printing of PAL (P3HT (Merck)/PCBM)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-2 -1 0 1bias (V)

I (mA/cm2)

IJP halogen free 3 solvent system vs SC chlorobenzene

dark

solvent IXT

ref cell SC

X

Example: Upscaling status Solliance OPV

Voc(V)

Isc(mA/cm 2)

FF(%)

MPP(mW/cm 2)

Ink Jet Printed 3 solvent system X 0.58 10.62 52 3.19

Spin Coated Chlorobenzene 0.55 11.97 48 3.13

2 cm x 2 cm single pass

Konica Minolta head512 nozzles

LP50Ink Jet PrinterOTB/Roth&Rau

� 27



� IJP ZnO• Home made np-ZnO• Home made ink formulation

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-10

-5

0

5 SC ref IJP ZnO

J [m

A/c

m2 ]

V [V]

� IJP top PEDOT (on PAL)• Reformulation of Agfa HC-

PEDOT (wetting)

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-10

-5

0

5 SC ref IJP T-PEDOT

J [m

A/c

m2 ]

V [V]

Ev MoOx

� 28



� Towards all ink jet printed modules• 6 IJP layers

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-5 -3 -1 1 3 5

D_D

D_L_re

D_L

MAM/PEDOT/ZnO/PAL/PEDOT/Pr. AgMAM/PEDOT/ZnO/PAL/PEDOT/Ev.Ag

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-5 -3 -1 1 3 5

C_D

C_L

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-5 -3 -1 1 3 5

E_D

E_L2

MAM/PEDOT/ZnO/PAL/MoO3/Ev.Ag

3 IJP layers 4 IJP layers 5 IJP layers

� 29


Example: All Ink Jet printed cells

� MPP ≥ 75% of spin coated reference

Glass

IJP ZnO

IJP HC PEDOT

IJP PAL

IJP PEDOT

IJP Ag

IJP Ag

-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

sub1 sub2 sub3 sub4

J [m

A/c

m2 ]

V [V]

CCG top Ag

� 30




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency > 9 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%


≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 31


Upscaling status Solliance OPV:R2R OPV line: version 2

Innovative new approach: blueprint for future flexible extensible production plants

� 32




€/m2> 10 €/Wp> 170 €/m2

≤ 0,5 €/Wp≤ 30 €/m2

≤ 0,2 €/Wp≤ 24 €/m2

≤ 0,1 €/Wp≤ 20 €/m2

Cell efficiency > 9 – 12% ≥ 14% ≥ 18% > 20%


≥ 6% ≥ 12% ≥ 20%


Cu-grid + HC-PEDOT


tbd






< 65%1 – 3 m/min

≥ 75%5 – 10 m/min

≥ 85%10 – 30 m/min

≥ 95%30 – >100 m/min

PackagingLifetime

≤ 40 €/m2



≤ 10 €/m2


≤ 7 €/m2



� 33


Stability and reliability status Solliance OPV

Degradation mechanisms under

controlled mono-stress conditions

Outdoor stability tests

Packaging

� 34


Stability and reliability status Solliance OPV

0 50 100 1500.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

PCDTBT:PC70

BM

P3HT:PCBM

norm

aliz

ed e

ffici

ency

time (h)

e.g. light induced degradation (burn-in): root-cause analysis on-going

e.g. water induced degradation and dependency on materials used

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time [hours] @ 1,5 AM & 45oC

Nor

mal

ized

MM

P

Glass substrate & metal lid encapsulation

Barrier substrate & thin film encapsulation

e.g. ITO-less devicesHolst Centre barrierWVTR 10-6 g/day.m2

Degradation mechanisms under

controlled mono-stress conditions

Outdoor stability tests

Packaging

e.g. outdoor stability

e.g. light inducedmorphologystabilization


Applications Presentation

• Introduction• General Goal• Current Status• Applications• Conclusions

� 36


Consumer electronics

� EU-project: Hiflex• Power generation for consumer electronics

• Advanced manufacturing and integration

First step: add-on Next step: full integration (Solliance)

� 37


Customized products ��

Energy Harvesting

OPV Garden Lamp Belectric(Complex manufacturing)

Flexible (O)PV leaves, mounted accordingto Fibonnacci sequence: 20 – 50% more energy harvest compared to flat panels

�

All ink jet printed OPV © Solliance

� 38


Outdoor remote

� : Partner of OPV Program

• New activity/part of a large French print consortium• Nr 1 in France of large area decoration printing

• Their vision:• Now: Build-up integration experience of flexible PV (CIGS)• Not selling Wp, but added functionality

• Future: OPV by ink jet printing and integration with graphic print lay-out� OPV functionality: invisible/part of graphic lay-out: aestethics

Autobus solaireTrain solaire Auto solaire

� 39


BIPV outdoor facades

� : Partner in OPV Program• Largest European steel manufacturer and converter

• Building integrated Organic PhotoVoltaics for facade building elements• €/kWh and kWh/yr: rooftop c-Si versus OPV in facades

� When is OPV ≥ favourable than c-Si

OPV integrated onmetal substrate

OPV integrated on/inmetal building element

OPV integrated on/in metal building elementsin building with adapted look

� 40


BIPV – semi-transparent

� Semi-transparency� Any color possible� Direct on glass or by lamination

5.0%

4.5%

� 41


BAPV – indoor

� Bilateral industrial collaboration• OPV lamella/curtains

Prototype version 1 Prototype version 2 icw HOWEST

� 42


Outdoor semi-transparent� Greenhouses: flexible

• Specific spectral response• Dutch TKI project started on 2014-01-01• Huge market potential and OPV is the only technology to allow:

• AND flex AND spectral tuning AND semitransprency AND low-cost AND low temperature processing

Konarka

Holst Centre

� 43


Outdoor – light weight

� Refugee tents - housings (UNHCR 300.000 shelters/yr)

• Forest devastion around the refugee camps• High violence and rape frequency due to darkness• Energy – light needed• UNHCR – Ikeafoundation: Refugee Shelter Project together with TU/e• Solliance � DisaSolar: TF-(O)PV, charger and lamp

� 44


Special large area OPV application� : flexible X-ray detectors

� Low dark current at reverse bias� Non- pixilated OPD

Simplified stack build-up

PETPET

Oxidic TFT backplane Oxidic TFT backplane

Large area OPDLarge area OPD

Holst barrier stackHolst barrier stack

X-Ray ScintillatorX-Ray Scintillator

X-rays

lightlight

Sta

tic X

-ray

imag

e

Sta

tic im

age

Fle

xibl

e im

ager

set

-up

Dyn

amic

imag

ing


Conclusions Presentation

• Introduction• General Goal• Current Status• Applications• Conclusions

� 46


Our OPV journey

� We are not there yet but• We can promise an exciting route with• A bright and sustainable future

timenow

� 47


Solliance OPV

� Research for and together with companies belonging to the OPV value chain in order to accelerate successful commerci alisation

� Open invitation for collaboration

Material

Suppliers

Material

Suppliers

SF-

Products

Suppliers

SF-

Products

Suppliers

Equipment

Suppliers

Equipment

Suppliers

Manufac-

turers

Manufac-

turersEnd-usersEnd-users

Are you the next to join our initiative?Are you the next to join our initiative?

WWW.SOLLIANCE.EU

Solliance OPVyour Opportunity in a Partnership with Vision

Ronn AndriessenProgram Manager+31 40 40 20 [email protected]

www.solliance.eu

Thank you for your attention!

Documents

Solliance OPV Program - 20140114 - …organext.org/userfiles/news/organext_cluster-mee.pdfParameter Now 2015 2020 > 2030 Cost: €/W p €/m 2 > 10 €/W p ... Nafion solution processed