Sollicitudo rei socialis (Juan Pablo II).docx

8/17/2019 Sollicitudo rei socialis (Juan Pablo II).docx

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CARTA ENCÍCLICA

SOLLICITUDO REI SOCIALIS

DEL SUMO PONTÍFICE

JUAN PABLO II

A LOS OBISPOS,

A LOS SACERDOTES,

A LAS FAMILIAS RELIGIOSAS,

A LOS HIJOS E HIJAS DE LA IGLESIA,

ASÍ COMO A TODOS LOS HOMBRES DE BUENA VOLUNTAD

AL CUMPLIRSE EL VIGÉSIMO ANIVERSARIO DE LA POPULORUM PROGRESSIO

Venerables Hermanos, amadísimos Hijos e Hijas: salud y Bendii!n "#os$!lia

I

INTRODUCCIÓN

1. La preo!pa"#$ %o"a& 'e &a I(&e%"a, or"e$)a'a a& 'e%arro&&o a!)*$)"o 'e& +o-re 'e &a%o"e'a', /!e re%pe)e pro!e0a e$ )o'a %! '"e$%"#$ &a per%o$a +!a$a, %e +a epre%a'o%"epre 'e o'o ! '"0er%o. U$o 'e &o% e'"o% 'e%)aa'o% 'e "$)er0e$"#$ +a %"'o, e$ &o%2&)"o% )"epo%, e& Ma("%)er"o 'e &o% Roa$o% Po$)34"e%, /!e, a par)"r 'e &aE$3&"a Rerum %o&arum 'e Le#$ 5III oo p!$)o 'e re4ere$"a,1 +a )ra)a'o4re!e$)ee$)e &a !e%)"#$, +a"e$'o o"$"'"r a 0ee% &a% 4e+a% 'e p!-&"a"#$ 'e &o%'"0er%o% 'o!e$)o% %o"a&e% o$ &o% a$"0er%ar"o% 'e a/!e& pr"er 'o!e$)o.6 Lo% S!o%

Po$)34"e% $o +a$ 'e7a'o 'e "&!"$ar o$ )a&e% "$)er0e$"o$e% a%pe)o% )a-"*$ $!e0o% 'e &a'o)r"$a %o"a& 'e &a I(&e%"a. Por o$%"(!"e$)e, a par)"r 'e &a apor)a"#$ 0a&"o%3%"a 'e Le#$5III, e$r"/!e"'a por &a% %!e%"0a% apor)a"o$e% 'e& Ma("%)er"o, %e +a 4ora'o a !$ 8orp!% 9 'o)r"$a& re$o0a'o, /!e %e 0a ar)"!&a$'o a e'"'a /!e &a I(&e%"a, e$ &a p&e$")!' 'e&a Pa&a-ra re0e&a'a por Je%!r"%)o : e'"a$)e &a a%"%)e$"a 'e& E%p3r")! Sa$)o ;4. 'n 1 1=, 1:?1@, &ee &o% +e+o% %e(2$ %e 'e%e$0!e&0e$ e$ e& !r%o 'e &a +"%)or"a. I$)e$)a(!"ar 'e e%)e o'o a &o% +o-re% para /!e e&&o% "%o% 'e$ !$a re%p!e%)a, o$ &a a!'a

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)a-"*$ 'e &a ra#$ 'e &a% "e$"a% +!a$a%, a %! 0oa"#$ 'e o$%)r!)ore% re%po$%a-&e%'e &a %o"e'a' )erre$a.

6. E$ e%)e $o)a-&e !erpo 'e e$%ea$a %o"a& %e e$!a'ra '"%)"$(!e &a E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio ,


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'e &o% p!e-&o% 9, -"e$ &e7o% )o'a03a 'e +a-er%e a&a$a'o e propo$(o pro&o$(ar %! eo,!$"*$'o&o o$ &a% po%"-&e% ap&"a"o$e% a& a)!a& oe$)o +"%)#r"o, )a$ 'ra)"o oo e&'e +ae 0e"$)e ao%.

E& )"epo &o %a-eo% -"e$ )"e$e %"epre &a "%a a'e$"a> +o, %"$ e-ar(o, %e )"e$e&a "pre%"#$ 'e /!e e%) %oe)"'o a !$ o0""e$)o 'e on$inua aelerai!n, e$ ra#$ %o-re)o'o 'e &a !&)"p&"a"#$ op&e7"'a' 'e &o% 4e$#e$o% /!e $o% )oa$ 0"0"r. E$o$%e!e$"a, &a oni(urai!n del mundo, e$ e& !r%o 'e &o% 2&)"o% 0e"$)e ao%, a2$a$)e$"e$'o a&(!$a% o$%)a$)e% 4!$'ae$)a&e%, +a %!4r"'o $o)a-&e% a-"o% pre%e$)aa%pe)o% )o)a&e$)e $!e0o%.

E%)e per3o'o 'e )"epo, ara)er"a'o a &a 0"("&"a 'e& )erer "&e$"o r"%)"a$o por !$ae)e$'"'a e%pera, oo %" %e )ra)ara 'e !$ $!e0o 8 a'0"e$)o 9, /!e e$ "er)o o'oo$"er$e a )o'o% &o% +o-re%, o4ree &a oa%"#$ 'e pro4!$'"ar &a e$%ea$a 'e &aE$3&"a, para 0er 7!$)o% )a-"*$ %!% per%pe)"0a%.

La pre%e$)e rele)i!n )"e$e &a 4"$a&"'a' 'e %!-raar, e'"a$)e &a a!'a 'e &a "$0e%)"(a"#$)eo("a %o-re &a% rea&"'a'e% o$)epor$ea%, &a $ee%"'a' 'e !$a o$ep"#$ % r"a '"4ere$"a'a 'e& 'e%arro&&o, %e(2$ &a% prop!e%)a% 'e &a E$3&"a, 'e "$'"ar a%""%oa&(!$a% 4ora% 'e a)!a"#$.

II

NOVEDAD DE LA ENCÍCLICA POPULORUM PROGRESSIO

@. a e$ %! apar""#$, e& 'o!e$)o 'e& Papa Pa-&o VI &&a# &a a)e$"#$ 'e &a op"$"#$ p2-&"a por %! no&edad* Se )!0o &a po%"-"&"'a' 'e 0er"4"ar o$re)ae$)e, o$ (ra$&ar"'a', '"+a% ara)er3%)"a% 'e on$inuidad 'e reno&ai!n, 'e$)ro 'e &a 'o)r"$a %o"a&'e &a I(&e%"a. Por )a$)o, e& )e$)a)"0o 'e 0o&0er a 'e%!-r"r $!ero%o% a%pe)o% 'e e%)ae$%ea$a, a )ra0*% 'e !$a &e)!ra a)e$)a 'e &a E$3&"a, o$%)")!"r e& +"&o o$'!)or 'e &a

pre%e$)e re4&e"#$.

Pero a$)e% 'e%eo 'e)e$ere %o-re &a e-a 'e p!-&"a"#$ e& ao 1=. E& +e+o "%o 'e

/!e e& Papa Pa-&o VI )o# &a 'e"%"#$ 'e p!-&"ar %! Enília soial a/!e& ao, $o% &&e0a ao$%"'erar e& 'o!e$)o e$ re&a"#$ a& Co$"&"o E!*$"o Va)"a$o II, /!e %e +a-3a&a!%!ra'o e& 'e '""e-re 'e 1=@.

=. E$ e%)e +e+o 'e-eo% 0er % 'e !$a %"p&e eranía ro$o("a. La e$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio %e pre%e$)a, e$ "er)o o'o, oo un doumen$o de a#liai!n delas ense.an+as del /onilio* e%)o $o %#&o por/!e &a E$3&"a +a(a o$)"$!a% re4ere$"a% a

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&o% )e)o o$"&"are%, %"$o por/!e $ae 'e &a preo!pa"#$ 'e &a I(&e%"a, /!e "$%p"r# )o'o e&)ra-a7o o$"&"ar 'e o'o par)"!&ar &a Co$%)")!"#$ pa%)ora& Gaudium e$ s#es 0 e$ &a&a-or 'e oor'"$ar 'e%arro&&ar a&(!$o% )ea% 'e %! e$%ea$a %o"a&.

Por o$%"(!"e$)e, %e p!e'e a4"rar /!e &a E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio e% oo &are%p!e%)a a &a llamada del /onilio, o$ &a /!e o"e$a &a Co$%)")!"#$ Gaudium e$ s#es: 8 Lo% (oo% &a% e%pera$a%, &a% )r"%)ea% &a% a$(!%)"a% 'e &o% +o-re% 'e $!e%)ro)"epo, %o-re )o'o 'e &o% po-re% 'e !a$)o% %!4re$, %o$ a &a 0e (oo% e%pera$a%,)r"%)ea% a$(!%)"a% 'e &o% '"%3p!&o% 'e Cr"%)o. Na'a +a 0er'a'erae$)e +!a$o /!e $oe$!e$)re eo e$ %! ora#$ 9*1 E%)a% pa&a-ra% epre%a$ e& mo$i&o undamen$al /!e "$%p"r#e& (ra$ 'o!e$)o 'e& Co$"&"o, e& !a& par)e 'e &a o$%)a)a"#$ 'e &a %")!a"#$ 'e miseria 'e subdesarrollo, e$ &a% /!e 0"0e$ )a$)o% "&&o$e% 'e %ere% +!a$o%.

E%)a miseria e& subdesarrollo %o$, -a7o o)ro $o-re, 8 &a% )r"%)ea% &a% a$(!%)"a% 9 'e+o, %o-re )o'o 'e &o% po-re%> a$)e e%)e 0a%)o pa$oraa 'e 'o&or %!4r""e$)o, e& Co$"&"o/!"ere "$'"ar +or"o$)e% 'e 8 (oo e%pera$a 9. A& "%o o-7e)"0o ap!$)a &a E$3&"a 'ePa-&o VI, p&e$ae$)e 4"e& a &a "$%p"ra"#$ o$"&"ar.

. Pero )a-"*$ e$ e& orden $em2$io, &a E$3&"a, %"(!"e$'o &a (ra$ )ra'""#$ 'e &ae$%ea$a %o"a& 'e &a I(&e%"a, propo$e '"re)ae$)e, &a nue&a e)#osii!n &a ria sín$esis, /!e e& Co$"&"o +a e&a-ora'o 'e o'o par)"!&ar e$ &a Co$%)")!"#$ Gaudium e$ s#es* Re%pe)o a& o$)e$"'o a &o% )ea%, $!e0ae$)e prop!e%)o% por &a E$3&"a, a-e%!-raar &a o$"e$"a 'e& 'e-er /!e )"e$e &a I(&e%"a, 8 eper)a e$ +!a$"'a' 9, 'e 8

e%r!)ar &o% %"($o% 'e &o% )"epo% 'e "$)erpre)ar&o% a &a &! 'e& E0a$(e&"o 9> 1K &ao$"e$"a, "(!a&e$)e pro4!$'a 'e %! "%"#$ 'e 8 %er0""o 9, '"%)"$)a 'e &a 4!$"#$ 'e&E%)a'o, a!$ !a$'o %e preo!pa 'e &a %!er)e 'e &a% per%o$a% e$ o$re)o> 11 &a re4ere$"a a&a% '"4ere$"a% &aoro%a% e$ &a %")!a"#$ 'e e%)a% "%a% per%o$a%> 16 &a o$4"ra"#$ 'e &ae$%ea$a o$"&"ar, eo 4"e& 'e &a %e!&ar )ra'""#$ 'e &a I(&e%"a, re%pe)o a& 8 'e%)"$o!$"0er%a& 'e &o% -"e$e% 9> 1: e& apre"o por &a !&)!ra &a "0"&"a"#$ )*$"a /!eo$)r"-!e$ a &a &"-era"#$ 'e& +o-re,1 1@ 4"$a&e$)e,%o-re e& )ea 'e& 'e%arro&&o, prop"o 'e &a E$3&"a, &a "$%"%)e$"a %o-re e& 8 'e-er (ra03%"o9, /!e a)ae a &a% $a"o$e% % 'e%arro&&a'a%.1= E& "%o o$ep)o 'e 'e%arro&&o, prop!e%)o

por &a E$3&"a, %!r(e '"re)ae$)e 'e &a "po%)a"#$ /!e &a Co$%)")!"#$ pa%)ora& 'a a e%)e pro-&ea.1

E%)a% o)ra% re4ere$"a% ep&3")a% a &a Co$%)")!"#$ pa%)ora& &&e0a$ a &a o$&!%"#$ 'e /!e &aE$3&"a %e pre%e$)a oo una a#liai!n 'e &a e$%ea$a o$"&"ar e$ a)er"a %o"a&re%pe)o a& pro-&ea e%pe34"o 'e& desarrollo a%3 oo 'e& subdesarrollo de los #ueblos*

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. E& -re0e a$&"%"% e4e)!a'o $o% a!'a a 0a&orar e7or &a no&edad 'e &a E$3&"a, /!e %e p!e'e ar)"!&ar e$ $res p!$)o%. E& #rimero e%) o$%)")!"'o por e& -e-o mismo 'e !$'o!e$)o ea$a'o por &a "a a!)or"'a' 'e &a I(&e%"a a)#&"a 'e%)"$a'o a &a 0e a &a"%a I(&e%"a 8 a )o'o% &o% +o-re% 'e -!e$a 0o&!$)a' 9, 1 %o-re !$a a)er"a /!e a

pr"era 0"%)a e% %#&o eon!mia y soial: e& desarrollo 'e &o% p!e-&o%. A/!3 e& 0oa-&o 8'e%arro&&o 9 pro0"e$e 'e& 0oa-!&ar"o 'e &a% "e$"a% %o"a&e% eo$#"a%. Ba7o e%)ea%pe)o, &a E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio %e o&oa "$e'"a)ae$)e e$ &a &3$ea 'e&a Rerum %o&arum , /!e )ra)a 'e &a 8 %")!a"#$ 'e &o% o-rero% 9.1 V"%)a% %!per4""a&e$)e,a-a% !e%)"o$e% po'r3a$ pareer e)raa% a &a &e(3)"a preo!pa"#$ 'e &a I(&e%"ao$%"'era'a oo ins$i$ui!n reli(iosa* M% a2$ e& 8 'e%arro&&o 9 /!e &a 8 o$'""#$ o-rera9.

E$ %"$)o$3a o$ &a E$3&"a 'e Le#$ 5III, a& 'o!e$)o 'e Pa-&o VI +a /!e reo$oer e&*r")o 'e +a-er %ea&a'o e& ar2$er 3$io ul$ural 'e &a pro-&e)"a re&a)"0a a&'e%arro&&o , a%""%o a &a &e(")""'a' neesidad 'e &a "$)er0e$"#$ 'e &a I(&e%"a e$ e%)eapo.

Co$ e%)o, &a 'o)r"$a %o"a& r"%)"a$a +a re"0"$'"a'o !$a 0e % %! ar)er 'ea#liai!n 'e &a Pa&a-ra 'e D"o% a &a 0"'a 'e &o% +o-re% 'e &a %o"e'a' a%3 oo a &a%rea&"'a'e% )erre$a%, /!e o$ e&&a% %e e$&aa$, o4re"e$'o 8 #rini#ios de rele)i!n 9,8 ri$erios de juiio 9 8dire$ries de ai!n 9.6K P!e% -"e$, e$ e& 'o!e$)o 'e Pa-&o VI%e e$!e$)ra$ e%)o% )re% e&ee$)o% o$ !$a or"e$)a"#$ e"$e$)ee$)e pr)"a, o %ea,or"e$)a'a a &a ondu$a moral* Por e%o, !a$'o &a I(&e%"a %e o!pa 'e& 8 'e%arro&&o 'e &o%

p!e-&o% 9 $o p!e'e %er a!%a'a 'e %o-repa%ar %! apo e%pe34"o 'e ope)e$"a , !+oe$o%, e& a$'a)o re"-"'o 'e& Seor.

. E& se(undo p!$)o e% &a no&edad 'e &a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio , oo %e a$"4"e%)a por &a am#li$ud de -ori+on$e, a-"er)o a &o /!e o2$e$)e %e o$oe -a7o e& $o-re 'e 8!e%)"#$ %o"a& 9. E$ rea&"'a', &a E$3&"a Ma$er e$ Ma(is$ra 'e& Papa J!a$ 55III +a-3ae$)ra'o a e$ e%)e +or"o$)e % ap&"o 61 e& Co$"&"o, e$ &a Co$%)")!"#$Pa%)ora& Gaudium e$ s#es , %e +a-3a +e+o eo 'e e&&o.66 S"$ e-ar(o e& a("%)er"o %o"a& 'e&a I(&e%"a $o +a-3a &&e(a'o a a4"rar )o'a03a o$ )o'a &ar"'a' /!e &a !e%)"#$ %o"a& +aa'/!"r"'o !$a '"e$%"#$ !$'"a&,6: $" +a-3a &&e(a'o a +aer 'e e%)a a4"ra"#$ 'e %!a$&"%"% !$a 8 '"re)r" 'e a"#$ 9, oo +ae e& Papa Pa-&o VI e$ %! E$3&"a.

See7a$)e )oa 'e po%""#$ )a$ ep&3")a o4ree !$a (ran ri4ue+a 'e o$)e$"'o%, /!e e%opor)!$o "$'"ar.

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A$)e )o'o, e% e$e%)er e&""$ar !$ #osible e4uí&oo* E& reo$o""e$)o 'e /!e &a 8 !e%)"#$%o"a& 9 +aa )oa'o !$a '"e$%"#$ !$'"a&, $o %"($"4"a 'e +e+o /!e +aa '"%"$!"'o su uer+a de inidenia o /!e +aa per'"'o %! "por)a$"a e$ e& -")o $a"o$a& o &oa&.S"($"4"a, por e& o$)rar"o, /!e &a pro-&e)"a e$ &o% &!(are% 'e )ra-a7o o e$ e& o0""e$)o

o-rero %"$'"a& 'e !$ 'e)er"$a'o pa3% $o 'e-e o$%"'erar%e oo a&(o a"%&a'o, %"$o$e"#$, %"$o /!e 'epe$'e 'e o'o re"e$)e 'e& "$4&!7o 'e 4a)ore% e"%)e$)e% por e$"a'e &o% o$4"$e% re("o$a&e% o 'e &a% 4ro$)era% $a"o$a&e%.

Por 'e%(ra"a, -a7o e& a%pe)o eo$#"o, &o% pa3%e% e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o %o$ !+o% %/!e &o% 'e%arro&&a'o%> &a% !&)")!'e% +!a$a% /!e aree$ 'e &o% -"e$e% 'e &o% %er0""o%o4re"'o% por e& 'e%arro&&o, %o$ bas$an$e m2s numerosas 'e &a% /!e '"%4r!)a$ 'e e&&o%.

No% e$o$)rao%, por )a$)o, 4re$)e a !$ (ra0e pro-&ea 'e dis$ribui!n desi(ual 'e &o%e'"o% 'e %!-%"%)e$"a, 'e%)"$a'o% or"("$ar"ae$)e a )o'o% &o% +o-re%, )a-"*$ 'e &o%

-e$e4""o% 'e e&&o% 'er"0a$)e%. e%)o %!e'e $o por res#onsabilidad 'e &a% po-&a"o$e%"$'"(e$)e%, $" !+o e$o% por !$a e%pe"e 'e a$alidad 'epe$'"e$)e 'e &a% o$'""o$e%$a)!ra&e% o 'e& o$7!$)o 'e &a% "r!$%)a$"a%.

La E$3&"a 'e Pa-&o VI, a& 'e&arar /!e &a !e%)"#$ %o"a& +a a'/!"r"'o !$a '"e$%"#$!$'"a&, %e propo$e a$)e )o'o %ea&ar !$ -e-o moral, /!e )"e$e %! 4!$'ae$)o e$ e&a$&"%"% o-7e)"0o 'e &a rea&"'a'. Se(2$ &a% pa&a-ra% "%a% 'e &a E$3&"a, 8 a'a !$o 'e-e)oar o$"e$"a 9 'e e%)e +e+o,6


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'e%arro&&o, %" %e &e o$%"'era e$ &a per%pe)"0a 'e &a "$)er'epe$'e$"a !$"0er%a&, a-"a$o)a-&ee$)e. E& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o no #uede o$%"%)"r e$ !$a era a!!&a"#$ 'er"/!ea% o e$ &a aor '"%po$"-"&"'a' 'e &o% -"e$e% 'e &o% %er0""o%, %" e%)o %e o-)"e$e ao%)a 'e& %!-'e%arro&&o 'e !+o%, %"$ &a 'e-"'a o$%"'era"#$ por &a '"e$%"#$ %o"a&,

!&)!ra& e%p"r")!a& 'e& %er +!a$o.6=

1K. Coo $erer p!$)o &a E$3&"a 'a !$ o$%"'era-&e apor)e 'e $o0e'a' a &a 'o)r"$a%o"a& 'e &a I(&e%"a e$ %! o$7!$)o a &a "%a o$ep"#$ 'e 'e%arro&&o. E%)a $o0e'a' %e+a&&a e$ !$a 4ra%e /!e %e &ee e$ e& prra4o 4"$a& 'e& 'o!e$)o, /!e p!e'e %er o$%"'era'aoo %! 4#r!&a reap")!&a'ora, a'e% 'e %! "por)a$"a +"%)#r"a 8 e& 'e%arro&&o e% e&$o-re $!e0o 'e &a pa 9.6

De +e+o, %" &a !e%)"#$ %o"a& +a a'/!"r"'o '"e$%"#$ !$'"a&, e% por/!e &a e)i(enia de jus$iia p!e'e %er %a)"%4e+a 2$"ae$)e e$ e%)e "%o p&a$o. No a)e$'er a '"+a e"(e$"a po'r3a 4a0oreer e& %!r("r 'e !$a )e$)a"#$ 'e re%p!e%)a 0"o&e$)a por par)e 'e &a% 03)"a% 'e&a "$7!%)""a, oo ao$)ee a& or"(e$ 'e !+a% (!erra%. La% po-&a"o$e% e&!"'a% 'e &a'"%)r"-!"#$ e/!")a)"0a 'e &o% -"e$e%, 'e%)"$a'o% e$ or"(e$ a )o'o%, po'r3a$ pre(!$)ar%e por /!* $o re%po$'er o$ &a 0"o&e$"a a &o% /!e, e$ pr"er &!(ar, $o% )ra)a$ o$ 0"o&e$"a S" &a%")!a"#$ %e o$%"'era a &a &! 'e &a '"0"%"#$ 'e& !$'o e$ -&o/!e% "'eo("o% ae"%)e$)e% e$ 1= 'e &a% o$%e!e$)e% reper!%"o$e% 'epe$'e$"a% eo$#"a%

po&3)"a%, e& pe&"(ro re%!&)a +ar)o %"($"4"a)"0o.

A e%)a pr"era o$%"'era"#$ %o-re e& 'ra)"o o$)e$"'o 'e &a 4#r!&a 'e &a E$3&"a %e

aa'e o)ra, a& /!e e& "%o 'o!e$)o a&!'e 6 #o 7!%)"4"ar e& +e+o 'e /!e (randesan$idades de dinero, /!e po'r3a$ 'e-er3a$ 'e%)"$ar%e a "$ree$)ar e& 'e%arro&&o 'e &o%

p!e-&o%, %o$, por e& o$)rar"o !)"&"a'o% para e& e$r"/!e""e$)o 'e "$'"0"'!o% o (r!po%, o -"e$ a%"($a'a% a& a!e$)o 'e ar%e$a&e%, )a$)o e$ &o% Pa3%e% 'e%arro&&a'o% oo e$ a/!e&&o%e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o, )ra%)oa$'o 'e e%)e o'o &a% 0er'a'era% pr"or"'a'e% E%)o e% a2$ %(ra0e 0"%)a% &a% '"4"!&)a'e% /!e a e$!'o o-%)a!&"a$ e& pa%o '"re)o 'e &o% ap")a&e%'e%)"$a'o% a a!'ar a &o% Pa3%e% $ee%")a'o%. S" 8 e& 'e%arro&&o e% e& $!e0o $o-re 'e &a pa9, &a (!erra &o% prepara)"0o% "&")are% %o$ e& aor e$e"(o 'e& 'e%arro&&o "$)e(ra& 'e &o%

p!e-&o%.

De e%)e o'o, a &a &! 'e &a epre%"#$ 'e& Papa Pa-&o VI, %oo% "$0")a'o% a re0"%ar e& one#$o de desarrollo, /!e $o o"$"'e "er)ae$)e o$ e& /!e %e &"")a a %a)"%4aer &o%'e%eo% a)er"a&e% e'"a$)e e& re""e$)o 'e &o% -"e$e%, %"$ pre%)ar a)e$"#$ a& %!4r""e$)o'e )a$)o% +a"e$'o 'e& e(o3%o 'e &a% per%o$a% 'e &a% $a"o$e% &a pr"$"pa& ra#$. Cooaer)a'ae$)e $o% re!er'a &a ar$a 'e Sa$)"a(o e& e(o3%o e% &a 4!e$)e 'e 'o$'e )a$)a%

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(!erra% o$)"e$'a% ... 'e 0!e%)ra% 0o&!p)!o%"'a'e% /!e &!+a$ e$ 0!e%)ro% "e-ro%.Co'"""% $o )e$*"% 9 ;San$


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1:. No %e p!e'e a4"rar /!e e%)a% '"0er%a% "$""a)"0a% re&"("o%a%, +!a$a%, eo$#"a% )*$"a%, +aa$ %"'o %!per4&!a%, 'a'o /!e +a$ po'"'o a&a$ar a&(!$o% re%!&)a'o%. Pero e$&3$ea (e$era&, )e$"e$'o e$ !e$)a &o% '"0er%o% 4a)ore%, $o %e p!e'e $e(ar /!e &a a)!a&%")!a"#$ 'e& !$'o, -a7o e& a%pe)o 'e 'e%arro&&o, o4rea !$a "pre%"#$ m2s bien

ne(a$i&a*

Por e&&o, 'e%eo &&aar &a a)e$"#$ %o-re a&(!$o% indiadores (en3rios, %"$ e&!"r o)ro% %e%pe34"o%. De7a$'o a !$ &a'o e& a$&"%"% 'e "4ra% e%)a'3%)"a%, e% %!4""e$)e "rar &area&"'a' 'e !$a mul$i$ud in(en$e de -ombres y mujeres, $"o%, a'!&)o% a$"a$o%, e$ !$a

pa&a-ra, 'e per%o$a% +!a$a% o$re)a% e "rrepe)"-&e%, /!e %!4re$ e& pe%o "$)o&era-&e 'e &a"%er"a. So$ !+o% "&&o$e% &o% /!e aree$ 'e e%pera$a 'e-"'o a& +e+o 'e /!e, e$!+o% &!(are% 'e &a )"erra, %! %")!a"#$ %e +a a(ra0a'o %e$%"-&ee$)e. A$)e e%)o% 'raa%'e )o)a& "$'"(e$"a $ee%"'a', e$ /!e 0"0e$ !+o% 'e nues$ros -ermanos y -ermanas, e%e& "%o Seor Je%2% /!"e$ 0"e$e a "$)erpe&ar$o% ;4. M$ 6@, :1?


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!$a &eloidad '"0er%a 'e aelerai!n, /!e "p!&%a a a!e$)ar &a% '"%)a$"a%. A%3 &o% pa3%e%e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o, e%pe"a&e$)e &o% % po-re%, %e e$!e$)ra$ e$ !$a %")!a"#$ 'e(ra03%"o re)ra%o. A &o '"+o +a /!e aa'"r )o'a03a &a% dierenias de ul$ura 'e&o% sis$emas de &alores e$)re &o% '"%)"$)o% (r!po% 'e po-&a"#$, /!e $o o"$"'e$ %"epre

o$ e& (ra'o 'e desarrollo eon!mio, %"$o /!e o$)r"-!e$ a rear '"%)a$"a%. So$ e%)o% &o%e&ee$)o% &o% a%pe)o% /!e +ae$ mu-o m2s om#leja la ues$i!n soial, debido a 4ue-a asumido una dimensi!n mundial*

A& o-%er0ar &a% '"0er%a% par)e% 'e& !$'o %epara'a% por &a '"%)a$"a re"e$)e 'e e%)ea-"%o, a& a'0er)"r /!e a'a !$a 'e e&&a% paree %e(!"r !$a 'e)er"$a'a r!)a, o$ %!%rea&"a"o$e%, %e opre$'e por /!* e$ e& &e$(!a7e orr"e$)e %e +a-&e 'e !$'o% '"%)"$)o%'e$)ro 'e $!e%)ro 5nio mundo: Pr"er M!$'o, Se(!$'o M!$'o, Terer M!$'o , a&(!$a0e, C!ar)o M!$'o.:1 E%)a% epre%"o$e%, /!e $o pre)e$'e$ o-0"ae$)e &a%"4"ar 'e a$era%a)"%4a)or"a a )o'o% &o% Pa3%e%, %o$ ! %"($"4"a)"0a%. So$ e& %"($o 'e !$a perep"#$'"4!$'"'a 'e /!e &a unidad del mundo, e$ o)ra% pa&a-ra%, la unidad del (3nero -umano, e%)%er"ae$)e oproe)"'a. E%)a )er"$o&o(3a, por e$"a 'e %! 0a&or % o e$o% o-7e)"0o,e%o$'e %"$ &!(ar a '!'a !$ o$)e$"'o moral, 4re$)e a& !a& &a I(&e%"a, /!e e% 8 %arae$)o o%"($o e "$%)r!e$)o... 'e &a !$"'a' 'e )o'o e& (*$ero +!a$o 9, :6 $o p!e'e pera$eer "$'"4ere$)e.

1@. E& !a'ro )raa'o pree'e$)ee$)e %er3a %"$ e-ar(o "$op&e)o, %" a &o% 8 "$'"a'ore%eo$#"o% %o"a&e% 9 'e& %!-'e%arro&&o $o %e aa'"era$ o)ro% "(!a&e$)e $e(a)"0o%, %

preo!pa$)e% )o'a03a, oe$a$'o por e& p&a$o !&)!ra&. E%)o% %o$ e& analabe$ismo, &a'"4"!&)a' o "po%"-"&"'a' 'e ae'er a &o% ni&eles su#eriores de ins$rui!n, &a "$apa"'a''e par)""par e$ &a ons$rui!n de la #ro#ia %ai!n, las di&ersas ormas de e)#lo$ai!n 'e o#resi!n eo$#"a, %o"a&, po&3)"a )a-"*$ re&"("o%a 'e &a per%o$a +!a$a 'e %!%'ere+o%, las disriminaiones de $odo $i#o, 'e o'o e%pe"a& &a % o'"o%a -a%a'a e$ &a'"4ere$"a ra"a&. S" a&(!$a 'e e%)a% p&a(a% %e +a&&a e$ a&(!$a% o$a% 'e& Nor)e %'e%arro&&a'o, %"$ &!(ar a '!'a *%)a% %o$ % 4re!e$)e%, % '!ra'era% % '"43"&e% 'ee)"rpar e$ &o% pa3%e% e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o e$o% a0a$a'o%.

E% e$e%)er "$'"ar /!e e$ e& !$'o a)!a&, e$)re o)ro% 'ere+o%, e% repr""'o a e$!'o el dere-o de iniia$i&a eon!mia* No o-%)a$)e e%o, %e )ra)a 'e !$ 'ere+o "por)a$)e $o %#&o

para e& "$'"0"'!o e$ par)"!&ar, %"$o a'e% para e& -"e$ o2$. La eper"e$"a $o%'e!e%)ra /!e &a $e(a"#$ 'e )a& 'ere+o o %! &"")a"#$ e$ $o-re 'e !$a pre)e$'"'a 8"(!a&'a' 9 'e )o'o% e$ &a %o"e'a', re'!e o, %"$ %, 'e%)r!e 'e +e+o e& e%p3r")! 'e"$""a)"0a, e% 'e"r, la subje$i&idad rea$i&a del iudadano* E$ o$%e!e$"a, %!r(e, 'e e%)eo'o, $o %#&o !$a 0er'a'era "(!a&'a', %"$o !$a 8 $"0e&a"#$ 'e%e$'e$)e 9. E$ &!(ar 'e &a

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"$""a)"0a rea'ora $ae &a pa%"0"'a', &a 'epe$'e$"a &a %!"%"#$ a& apara)o -!ror)"o/!e, oo 2$"o #r(a$o /!e 8 '"%po$e 9 8 'e"'e 9 a!$/!e $o %ea 8 Po%ee'or 9 'e &a)o)a&"'a' 'e &o% -"e$e% e'"o% 'e pro'!"#$, po$e a )o'o% e$ !$a po%""#$ 'e'epe$'e$"a a%" a-%o&!)a, %""&ar a &a )ra'""o$a& 'epe$'e$"a 'e& o-rero?pro&e)ar"o e$ e&

%"%)ea ap")a&"%)a. E%)o pro0oa !$ %e$)"'o 'e 4r!%)ra"#$ o 'e%e%pera"#$ pre'"%po$e a &a'e%preo!pa"#$ 'e &a 0"'a $a"o$a&, ep!7a$'o a !+o% a &a e"(ra"#$ 4a0ore"e$'o, a&a 0e, !$a 4ora 'e e"(ra"#$ 8 p%"o("a 9.

U$a %")!a"#$ %ee7a$)e )"e$e %!% o$%e!e$"a% )a-"*$ 'e%'e e& p!$)o 'e 0"%)a 'e &o% 8'ere+o% 'e a'a Na"#$ 9. E$ e4e)o, ao$)ee a e$!'o /!e !$a Na"#$ e% pr"0a'a 'e %!%!-7e)"0"'a', o %ea, 'e &a 8 %o-era$3a 9 /!e &e ope)e, e$ e& %"($"4"a'o eo$#"o a%3oo e$ e& po&3)"o?%o"a& e$ "er)o o'o e$ e& !&)!ra&, a /!e e$ !$a o!$"'a'$a"o$a& )o'a% e%)a% '"e$%"o$e% 'e &a 0"'a e%)$ !$"'a% e$)re %3.

E% $ee%ar"o rea&ar, a'e%, /!e $"$(2$ (r!po %o"a&, por e7ep&o !$ par)"'o, )"e$e'ere+o a !%!rpar e& pape& 'e 2$"o (!3a por/!e e&&o %!po$e &a 'e%)r!"#$ 'e &a 0er'a'era%!-7e)"0"'a' 'e &a %o"e'a' 'e &a% per%o$a%?"!'a'a$o%, oo o!rre e$ )o'o )o)a&")ar"%o.E$ e%)a %")!a"#$ e& +o-re e& p!e-&o %e o$0"er)e$ e$ 8 o-7e)o 9, $o o-%)a$)e )o'a% &a%'e&ara"o$e% o$)rar"a% &a% proe%a% 0er-a&e%. L&e(a'o% a e%)e p!$)o o$0"e$e aa'"r /!ee& !$'o a)!a& %e 'a$ o)ra% !+a% ormas #obre+a* E$ e4e)o, "er)a% are$"a% o

pr"0a"o$e% eree$ )a& 0e e%)e $o-re. La $e(a"#$ o &"")a"#$ 'e &o% 'ere+o% +!a$o% oo, por e7ep&o, e& 'ere+o a &a &"-er)a' re&"("o%a, e& 'ere+o a par)""par e$ &ao$%)r!"#$ 'e &a %o"e'a', &a &"-er)a' 'e a%o"a"#$ o 'e 4orar %"$'"a)o% o 'e )oar "$""a)"0a% e$ a)er"a eo$#"a $o epo-ree$ )a& 0e a &a per%o$a +!a$a "(!a& o% /!e &a pr"0a"#$ 'e &o% -"e$e% a)er"a&e% !$ 'e%arro&&o /!e $o )e$(a e$ !e$)a &a

p&e$a a4"ra"#$ 'e e%)o% 'ere+o% e% 0er'a'erae$)e 'e%arro&&o +!a$o

E$ poa% pa&a-ra%, e& %!-'e%arro&&o 'e $!e%)ro% '3a% $o e% %#&o eo$#"o, %"$o )a-"*$!&)!ra&, po&3)"o %"p&ee$)e +!a$o, oo a "$'"a-a +ae 0e"$)e ao% &aE$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio* Por o$%"(!"e$)e, e% e$e%)er pre(!$)ar%e %" &a )r"%)erea&"'a' 'e +o $o %ea, a& e$o% e$ par)e, e& re%!&)a'o 'e !$a one#i!n demasiadolimi$ada, e% 'e"r, pre0a&e$)ee$)e eo$#"a, 'e& 'e%arro&&o.

1=. Ha /!e $o)ar /!e, a pe%ar 'e &o% $o)a-&e% e%4!ero% rea&"a'o% e$ &o% 'o% 2&)"o%'ee$"o% por par)e 'e &a% $a"o$e% % 'e%arro&&a'a% o e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o, 'e &a%Or(a$"a"o$e% "$)er$a"o$a&e%, o$ e& 4"$ 'e +a&&ar !$a %a&"'a a &a %")!a"#$, o a& e$o%

po$er ree'"o a a&(!$o 'e %!% %3$)oa%, &a% o$'""o$e% %e +a$ a(ra&ado no$ablemen$e*

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La re%po$%a-"&"'a' 'e e%)e epeora"e$)o )"e$e a!%a% '"0er%a%. Ha /!e "$'"ar &a%"$'!'a-&e% (ra0e% o"%"o$e% por par)e 'e &a% "%a% $a"o$e% e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o, e%pe"a&e$)e por par)e 'e &o% /!e 'e)e$)a$ %! po'er eo$#"o po&3)"o. Pero )apoo

po'eo% %o%&aar &a re%po$%a-"&"'a' 'e &a% $a"o$e% 'e%arro&&a'a%, /!e $o %"epre, a&

e$o% e$ &a 'e-"'a e'"'a, +a$ %e$)"'o e& 'e-er 'e a!'ar a a/!e&&o% pa3%e% /!e %e %epara$a'a 0e % 'e& !$'o 'e& -"e$e%)ar a& /!e per)e$ee$.

No o-%)a$)e, e% $ee%ar"o 'e$!$"ar &a e"%)e$"a 'e !$o% meanismos eo$#"o%,4"$a$"ero% %o"a&e%, &o% !a&e%, a!$/!e a$e7a'o% por &a 0o&!$)a' 'e &o% +o-re%,4!$"o$a$ 'e o'o a%" a!)o)"o, +a"e$'o % r3("'a &a% %")!a"o$e% 'e r"/!ea 'e &o%!$o% 'e po-rea 'e &o% o)ro%. E%)o% ea$"%o%, a$"o-ra'o% por &o% pa3%e% %'e%arro&&a'o% 'e o'o '"re)o o "$'"re)o, 4a0oree$ a a!%a 'e %! "%o 4!$"o$a"e$)o&o% "$)ere%e% 'e &o% /!e &o% a$"o-ra$, a!$/!e )er"$a$ por %o4oar o o$'""o$ar &a%eo$o3a% 'e &o% pa3%e% e$o% 'e%arro&&a'o%. E% $ee%ar"o %oe)er e$ e& 4!)!ro e%)o%ea$"%o% a !$ a$&"%"% a)e$)o -a7o e& a%pe)o *)"o?ora&.

La Po#ulorum Pro(ressio pre0e3a a /!e o$ %ee7a$)e% %"%)ea% a!e$)ar3a &a r"/!ea 'e&o% r"o%, a$)e$"*$'o%e &a "%er"a 'e &o% po-re%. :: U$a pr!e-a 'e e%)a pre0"%"#$ %e )"e$eo$ &a apar""#$ 'e& &&aa'o C!ar)o M!$'o.

1. A pe%ar 'e /!e &a %o"e'a' !$'"a& o4rea a%pe)o% 4ra(e$)ar"o%, epre%a'o% o$ &o%$o-re% o$0e$"o$a&e% 'e Pr"ero, Se(!$'o, Terero )a-"*$ C!ar)o !$'o,

pera$ee % pro4!$'a %! in$erde#endenia &a !a&, !a$'o %e %epara 'e &a% e"(e$"a%

*)"a%, )"e$e !$a% onseuenias unes$as para &o% % '*-"&e%. M% a2$,e%)a in$erde#endenia, por !$a e%pe"e 'e '"$"a "$)er"or -a7o e& ep!7e 'e ea$"%o%/!e $o p!e'a$ 'e7ar 'e %er a&"4"a'o% oo per0er%o%, pro0oa ee$os ne(a$i&os +a%)a e$&o% Pa3%e% r"o%. Pre"%ae$)e 'e$)ro 'e e%)o% Pa3%e% %e e$!e$)ra$, a!$/!e e$ e$or e'"'a, &a% a$"4e%)a"o$e% m2s es#eíias del subdesarrollo* De %!er)e /!e 'e-er3a %er !$a o%a %a-"'a /!e e& 'e%arro&&o o %e o$0"er)e e$ !$ -e-o om5n a )o'a% &a% par)e% 'e&!$'o, o %!4re !$ #roeso de re$roeso a2$ e$ &a% o$a% ara'a% por !$ o$%)a$)e

pro(re%o. Fe$#e$o e%)e par)"!&are$)e "$'"a'or 'e &a $a)!ra&ea 'e& au$3n$io 'e%arro&&oo par)""pa$ 'e *& )o'a% &a% $a"o$e% 'e& !$'o o $o %er )a& "er)ae$)e.

E$)re &o% indiadores es#eíios 'e& %!-'e%arro&&o, /!e a4e)a$ 'e o'o re"e$)e )a-"*$a &o% pa3%e% 'e%arro&&a'o%, +a 'o% par)"!&are$)e re0e&a'ore% 'e !$a %")!a"#$ 'ra)"a.E$ #rimer lu(ar, la risis de la &i&ienda* E$ e& Ao I$)er$a"o$a& 'e &a% per%o$a% %"$ )e+o,/!er"'o por &a Or(a$"a"#$ 'e &a% Na"o$e% U$"'a%, &a a)e$"#$ %e '"r"(3a a &o% "&&o$e% 'e%ere% +!a$o% are$)e% 'e !$a 0"0"e$'a a'e!a'a o +a%)a %"$ 0"0"e$'a a&(!$a, o$ e& 4"$ 'e

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'e%per)ar &a o$"e$"a 'e )o'o% 'e e$o$)rar !$a %o&!"#$ a e%)e (ra0e pro-&ea, /!eopor)a o$%e!e$"a% $e(a)"0a% a $"0e& "$'"0"'!a&, 4a"&"ar %o"a&.:<

La 4a&)a 'e 0"0"e$'a% %e 0er"4"a a $"0e& uni&ersal y %e 'e-e, e$ par)e, a& 4e$#e$o %"eprere"e$)e 'e &a !r-a$"a"#$.:@ Ha%)a &o% "%o% p!e-&o% % 'e%arro&&a'o% pre%e$)a$ e&)r"%)e e%pe)!&o 'e "$'"0"'!o% 4a"&"a% /!e %e e%4!era$ &")era&e$)e por %o-re0"0"r, %"$)e+o o o$ !$o $an #reario /!e e% oo %" $o %e )!0"era.

La 4a&)a 'e 0"0"e$'a, /!e e% !$ pro-&ea e$ %3 "%o -a%)a$)e (ra0e, e% '"($o 'e %er o$%"'era'o oo %"($o o %3$)e%"% 'e )o'a !$a %er"e 'e "$%!4""e$"a% eo$#"a%, %o"a&e%,!&)!ra&e% o %"p&ee$)e +!a$a%> , )e$"e$'o e$ !e$)a &a e)e$%"#$ 'e& 4e$#e$o, $o'e-er3a %er '"43"& o$0e$er%e 'e !a$ &e7o% e%)ao% 'e& a!)*$)"o 'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o%.

1. O$ro indiador, o2$ a (ra$ par)e 'e &a% $a"o$e%, e% e& 4e$#e$o 'e& desem#leo

y 'e& subem#leo*

No +a per%o$a /!e $o %e '* !e$)a 'e &a a$ualidad 'e &a reien$e (ra&edad 'e%ee7a$)e 4e$#e$o e$ &o% pa3%e% "$'!%)r"a&"a'o%.:= S3 e%)e aparee 'e o'o a&ara$)e e$&o% pa3%e% e$ 03a 'e 'e%arro&&o, o$ %! a&)o 3$'"e 'e re""e$)o 'eo(r4"o e& $2ero)a$ e&e0a'o 'e po-&a"#$ 7!0e$"&, e$ &o% pa3%e% 'e (ra$ 'e%arro&&o eo$#"o paree /!e %eo$)rae$ &a% uen$es de $rabajo, a%3, &a% po%"-"&"'a'e% 'e ep&eo, e$ 0e 'e a!e$)ar,'"%"$!e$.

Ta-"*$ e%)e )r"%)e 4e$#e$o, o$ %! %e!e&a 'e e4e)o% $e(a)"0o% a $"0e& "$'"0"'!a& %o"a&, 'e%'e &a 'e(ra'a"#$ +a%)a &a p*r'"'a 'e& re%pe)o /!e )o'o +o-re !7er %e 'e-e a%3 "%o, $o% &&e0a a pre(!$)ar$o% %er"ae$)e %o-re e& )"po 'e 'e%arro&&o, /!e %e +a

per%e(!"'o e$ e& !r%o 'e &o% 2&)"o% 0e"$)e ao%.

A e%)e prop#%")o 0"e$e ! opor)!$ae$)e &a o$%"'era"#$ 'e &a E$3&"a Laboreme)erens: 8 E% $ee%ar"o %!-raar /!e e& e&ee$)o o$%)")!)"0o a %! 0e &a&eriiai!n % a'e!a'a 'e e%)e #ro(reso e$ e& e%p3r")! 'e 7!%)""a pa, /!e &a I(&e%"a

pro&aa por e& /!e $o e%a 'e orar ;..., e% pre"%ae$)e &a on$inua re&alori+ai!n del

$rabajo -umano, )a$)o -a7o e& a%pe)o 'e %! 4"$a&"'a' o-7e)"0a, oo -a7o e& a%pe)o 'e &a'"($"'a' 'e& %!7e)o 'e )o'o )ra-a7o, /!e e% e& +o-re 9. A$)e% -"e$, 8 $o %e p!e'e e$o% 'e/!e'ar "pre%"o$a'o% a$)e !$ -e-o desoner$an$e 'e (ra$'e% propor"o$e% 9, e% 'e"r,/!e 8 e"%)e$ ... (r!po% e$)ero% 'e 'e%o!pa'o% o %!-o!pa'o% ;... !$ +e+o /!e a)e%)"(!a%"$ '!'a e& /!e, 'e$)ro 'e &a% o!$"'a'e% po&3)"a% oo e$ &a% re&a"o$e% e"%)e$)e% e$)ree&&a% a $"0e& o$)"$e$)a& !$'"a& e$ &o o$er$"e$)e a &a or(a$"a"#$ 'e& )ra-a7o 'e&

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ep&eo +a a&(o /!e $o 4!$"o$a o$re)ae$)e e$ &o% p!$)o% % r3)"o% 'e aor re&"e0e %o"a& 9.:

Coo e& pree'e$)e, )a-"*$ e%)e 4e$#e$o, por %! ar)er !$"0er%a& e$ "er)o%e$)"'o mul$i#liador, repre%e$)a !$ %"($o %!ae$)e "$'"a)"0o, por %! "$"'e$"a $e(a)"0a,'e& e%)a'o 'e &a a&"'a' 'e& 'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o%, a$)e e& !a& $o% e$o$)rao% +o.

1. O$ro en!meno, )a-"*$ )3p"o 'e& 2&)"o per3o'o %" -"e$ $o %e e$!e$)ra e$ )o'o% &o%&!(are%, e% %"$ '!'a "(!a&e$)e "$'"a'or 'e &a in$erde#endenia e)is$en$e e$)re &o% pa3%e%'e%arro&&a'o% e$o% 'e%arro&&a'o%. E% &a !e%)"#$ 'e &a deuda in$ernaional, a &a /!e &aPo$)"4""a Co"%"#$ Ius$i$ia e$ Pa) +a 'e'"a'o !$ 'o!e$)o.:

No %e p!e'e a/!3 %"&e$"ar e& #roundo &ínulo /!e e"%)e e$)re e%)e pro-&ea, !are"e$)e (ra0e'a' +a-3a %"'o a pre0"%)a por &a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio ,61 &a !e%)"#$ 'e&

'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o%.

La ra#$ /!e o0"# a &o% pa3%e% e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o a ao(er e& o4re""e$)o 'ea-!$'a$)e% ap")a&e% '"%po$"-&e% 4!e &a e%pera$a 'e po'er&o% "$0er)"r e$ a)"0"'a'e% 'e'e%arro&&o. E$ o$%e!e$"a, &a '"%po$"-"&"'a' 'e &o% ap")a&e% e& +e+o 'e aep)ar&o% a)3)!&o 'e pr*%)ao p!e'e o$%"'erar%e !$a o$)r"-!"#$ a& 'e%arro&&o "%o, o%a 'e%ea-&e &e(3)"a e$ %3 "%a, a!$/!e /!"% "pr!'e$)e e$ a&(!$a oa%"#$ apre%!ra'a.

Ha-"e$'o a-"a'o &a% "r!$%)a$"a% )a$)o e$ &o% pa3%e% e$'e!'a'o% oo e$ e& era'o

"$)er$a"o$a& 4"$a$"a'or, e& "$%)r!e$)o e&e("'o para 'ar !$a a!'a a& 'e%arro&&o %e +a)ra$%4ora'o e$ !$ meanismo on$ra#roduen$e* e%)o a %ea por/!e &o% Pa3%e%e$'e!'a'o%, para %a)"%4aer &o% opro"%o% 'e &a 'e!'a, %e 0e$ o-&"(a'o% a epor)ar &o%ap")a&e% /!e %er3a$ $ee%ar"o% para a!e$)ar o, "$&!%o, para a$)e$er %! $"0e& 'e 0"'a, a%ea por/!e, por &a "%a ra#$, $o p!e'e$ o-)e$er $!e0a% 4!e$)e% 'e 4"$a$"a"#$"$'"%pe$%a-&e% "(!a&e$)e.

Por e%)e ea$"%o, e& e'"o 'e%)"$a'o a& 'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o% %e +a o$0er)"'o e$!$ reno, por $o +a-&ar, e$ "er)o% a%o%, +a%)a 'e !$a aen$uai!n del subdesarrollo*

E%)a% "r!$%)a$"a% $o% !e0e$ a re4&e"o$ar oo a4"ra !$ re"e$)e Do!e$)o 'e &aPo$)"4""a /omisi!n Ius$i$ia e$ Pa) 87 %o-re e& ar2$er 3$io 'e &a "$)er'epe$'e$"a 'e &o%

p!e-&o%> , para a$)e$er$o% e$ &a &3$ea 'e &a pre%e$)e o$%"'era"#$, %o-re &a% e"(e$"a% &a% o$'""o$e%, "$%p"ra'a% "(!a&e$)e e$ &o% pr"$"p"o% *)"o%, 'e &a oopera"#$ a&'e%arro&&o.

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6K. S" ea"$ao% a+ora &a% ausas 'e e%)e (ra0e re)ra%o e$ e& proe%o 'e& 'e%arro&&o,0er"4"a'o e$ %e$)"'o op!e%)o a &a% "$'"a"o$e% 'e &a E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio /!e+a-3a %!%")a'o )a$)a% e%pera$a%, $!e%)ra a)e$"#$ %e e$)ra 'e o'o par)"!&ar e$ &a%a!%a% #olí$ias 'e &a %")!a"#$ a)!a&.

E$o$)r$'o$o% a$)e !$ o$7!$)o 'e 4a)ore% "$'!'a-&ee$)e op&e7o%, $o e% po%"-&e+aer a/!3 !$ a$&"%"% op&e)o. Pero $o %e p!e'e %"&e$"ar !$ +e+o %o-re%a&"e$)e'e& uadro #olí$io /!e ara)er"a e& per3o'o +"%)#r"o po%)er"or a& %e(!$'o o$4&")o!$'"a& e% !$ 4a)or /!e $o %e p!e'e o")"r e$ e& )ea 'e& 'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o%.

No% re4er"o% a &a e)is$enia de dos blo4ues o$)rap!e%)o%, 'e%"($a'o% o2$e$)e o$ &o%$o-re% o$0e$"o$a&e% 'e E%)e Oe%)e, o -"e$ 'e Or"e$)e O"'e$)e. La ra#$ 'e e%)ao$$o)a"#$ $o e% erae$)e po&3)"a, %"$o )a-"*$, oo %e '"e, (eo#olí$ia* Ca'a !$o 'ea-o% -&o/!e% )"e$'e a a%""&ar a a(re(ar a&re'e'or 'e %3, o$ '"0er%o% (ra'o% 'ea'+e%"#$ par)""pa"#$, a o)ro% Pa3%e% o (r!po% 'e Pa3%e%.

La o$)rapo%""#$ e% a$)e )o'o #olí$ia, e$ !a$)o a'a -&o/!e e$!e$)ra %! "'e$)"'a' e$ !$%"%)ea 'e or(a$"a"#$ 'e &a %o"e'a' 'e &a (e%)"#$ 'e& po'er, /!e "$)e$)a %er a&)er$a)"0oa& o)ro> a %! 0e, &a o$)rapo%""#$ po&3)"a )"e$e %! or"(e$ e$ !$a o$)rapo%""#$ %

pro4!$'a /!e e% 'e or'e$ ideol!(io*

E$ O"'e$)e e"%)e, e$ e4e)o, !$ %"%)ea "$%p"ra'o +"%)#r"ae$)e e$ e& a#i$alismoliberal, )a& oo %e 'e%arro& e$ e& %"(&o pa%a'o> e$ Or"e$)e %e 'a !$ %"%)ea "$%p"ra'o e$

e& ole$i&ismo mar)is$a, /!e $a"# 'e &a "$)erpre)a"#$ 'e &a o$'""#$ 'e &a &a%e pro&e)ar"a, rea&"a'a a &a &! 'e !$a pe!&"ar &e)!ra 'e &a +"%)or"a.

Ca'a !$a 'e e%)a% 'o% "'eo&o(3a%, a& +aer re4ere$"a a 'o% 0"%"o$e% )a$ '"0er%a% 'e& +o-re,'e %! &"-er)a' 'e %! oe)"'o %o"a&, +a prop!e%)o pro!e0e, -a7o e& a%pe)o eo$#"o,!$a% 4ora% a$)")*)"a% 'e or(a$"a"#$ 'e& )ra-a7o 'e e%)r!)!ra% 'e &a prop"e'a',e%pe"a&e$)e e$ &o re4ere$)e a &o% &&aa'o% e'"o% 'e pro'!"#$.

E% "$e0")a-&e /!e &a on$ra#osii!n ideol!(ia, a& 'e%arro&&ar %"%)ea% e$)ro% a$)a(#$"o%

'e po'er, o$ %!% 4ora% 'e propa(a$'a 'e 'o)r"$a, %e o$0"r)"era e$ !$are"e$)e on$ra#osii!n mili$ar, 'a$'o or"(e$ a 'o% -&o/!e% 'e po)e$"a% ara'a%, a'a !$o'e%o$4"a'o )eero%o 'e& pre0a&eer a7e$o.

A %! 0e, &a% re&a"o$e% "$)er$a"o$a&e% $o po'3a$ 'e7ar 'e re%e$)"r &o% e4e)o% 'e e%)a 8("a 'e &o% -&o/!e% 9 'e %!% re%pe)"0a% 8 e%4era% 'e "$4&!e$"a 9. Na"'a a& 4"$a& 'e &a%e(!$'a (!erra !$'"a&, &a )e$%"#$ e$)re a-o% -&o/!e% +a 'o"$a'o &o% !are$)a ao%

15

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%!e%"0o%, a%!"e$'o !$a% 0ee% e& ar)er 'e 8 (uerra ría 9 , o)ra% 'e 8 (uerra #or #oder 9 e'"a$)e &a "$%)r!e$)a&"a"#$ 'e o$4&")o% &oa&e%, o -"e$ )e$"e$'o e& $"oa$(!%)"a'o e$ %!%pe$%o a$)e &a ae$aa 'e !$a (!erra abier$a y $o$al*

S" e$ e& oe$)o a)!a& )a& pe&"(ro paree /!e e% % reo)o, a!$ %"$ +a-er 'e%apare"'oop&e)ae$)e, %" %e +a &&e(a'o a !$ pr"er a!er'o %o-re &a 'e%)r!"#$ 'e "er)o )"po 'earae$)o $!&ear, &a e"%)e$"a &a o$)rapo%""#$ 'e -&o/!e% $o 'e7a 'e %er )o'a03a !$+e+o rea& preo!pa$)e, /!e %"(!e o$'""o$a$'o e& pa$oraa !$'"a&.

61. E%)o %e 0er"4"a o$ !$ e4e)o par)"!&are$)e $e(a)"0o e$ &a% re&a"o$e% "$)er$a"o$a&e%,/!e "ra$ a &o% Pa3%e% e$ 03a% 'e 'e%arro&&o. E$ e4e)o, oo e% %a-"'o, &a )e$%"#$ en$reOrien$e y Oiden$e $o re4&e7a 'e por %3 !$a opo%""#$ e$)re 'o% '"0er%o% (ra'o% 'e'e%arro&&o, %"$o % -"e$ e$)re 'o% one#iones 'e& 'e%arro&&o "%o 'e &o% +o-re% 'e&o% p!e-&o%, 'e )a& o'o "per4e)a% /!e e"(e$ !$a orre"#$ ra'"a&. D"+a opo%""#$ %ere4&e7a e$ e& "$)er"or 'e a/!e&&o% pa3%e%, o$)r"-!e$'o a%3 a e$%a$+ar e& a-"%o /!e ae"%)e a $"0e& eo$#"o e$)re %or$e y Sur, /!e e% o$%e!e$"a 'e &a '"%)a$"a e$)re &o%'o% mundos % 'e%arro&&a'o% &o% e$o% 'e%arro&&a'o%.

E%)a e% !$a 'e &a% rao$e% por &a% /!e &a 'o)r"$a %o"a& 'e &a I(&e%"a a%!e !$a a)")!'r3)"a )a$)o a$)e e& ap")a&"%o &"-era& oo a$)e e& o&e)"0"%o ar"%)a. E$ e4e)o, 'e%'ee& p!$)o 'e 0"%)a 'e& 'e%arro&&o %!r(e e%po$)$ea &a pre(!$)a 'e /!* a$era o e$ /!*e'"'a e%)o% 'o% %"%)ea% %o$ %!%ep)"-&e% 'e )ra$%4ora"o$e% apae% 'e po$er%e a& '3a,'e o'o /!e 4a0orea$ o pro!e0a$ !$ 'e%arro&&o 0er'a'ero e "$)e(ra& 'e& +o-re 'e

&o% p!e-&o% e$ &a %o"e'a' a)!a& De +e+o, e%)a% )ra$%4ora"o$e% p!e%)a% a& '3a %o$!r(e$)e% e "$'"%pe$%a-&e% para &a a!%a 'e !$ 'e%arro&&o o2$ a )o'o%.

Lo% Pa3%e% "$'epe$'"a'o% re"e$)ee$)e, /!e e%4or$'o%e e$ o$%e(!"r %! prop"a"'e$)"'a' !&)!ra& po&3)"a $ee%")ar3a$ &a apor)a"#$ e4"a 'e%"$)ere%a'a 'e &o% Pa3%e%% r"o% 'e%arro&&a'o%, %e e$!e$)ra$ oproe)"'o% a 0ee% "$&!%o 'e%-or'a'o% e$ o$4&")o% "'eo("o% /!e pro'!e$ "$e0")a-&e% '"0"%"o$e% "$)er$a%, &&e(a$'o "$&!%o a

pro0oar e$ a&(!$o% a%o% 0er'a'era% (!erra% "0"&e%. E%)o %!e'e por/!e &a% "$0er%"o$e% &a% a!'a% para e& 'e%arro&&o a e$!'o %o$ 'e%0"a'a% 'e %! prop"o 4"$ e "$%)r!e$)a&"a'a%

para a&"e$)ar &o% o$)ra%)e%, por e$"a e$ o$)ra 'e &o% "$)ere%e% 'e &o% Pa3%e% /!e'e-er3a$ -e$e4""ar%e 'e e&&o. M!+o% 'e e&&o% %o$ a'a 0e % o$%"e$)e% 'e& pe&"(ro 'eaer 03)"a% 'e !$ $eoo&o$"a&"%o )ra)a$ 'e &"-rar%e. E%)a o$"e$"a e% )a& /!e +a 'a'oor"(e$, a!$/!e o$ '"4"!&)a'e%, o%"&a"o$e% a 0ee% o$)ra'""o$e%, a& Mo&imien$oin$ernaional de los Países %o "lineados, e& !a&, e$ &o /!e o$%)")!e %! a%pe)o po%")"0o,/!"%"era a4"rar e4e)"0ae$)e e& 'ere+o 'e a'a p!e-&o a %! prop"a "'e$)"'a', a %! prop"a

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"$'epe$'e$"a %e(!r"'a', a%3 oo a &a par)""pa"#$, %o-re &a -a%e 'e &a "(!a&'a' 'e &a%o&"'ar"'a', 'e &o% -"e$e% /!e e%)$ 'e%)"$a'o% a )o'o% &o% +o-re%.

66. He+a% e%)a% o$%"'era"o$e% e% % 4"& )e$er !$a 0"%"#$ % &ara 'e& !a'ro 'e &o%2&)"o% 0e"$)e ao% opre$'er e7or &o% o$)ra%)e% e"%)e$)e% e$ &a par)e Nor)e 'e&!$'o, e% 'e"r, e$)re Or"e$)e O"'e$)e, oo a!%a $o 2&)"a 'e& re)ra%o o 'e&e%)a$a"e$)o 'e& S!r.

Lo% Pa3%e% %!-'e%arro&&a'o%, e$ 0e 'e )ra$%4orar%e e$ %aiones au$!nomas, preo!pa'a%'e %! prop"a ar+a +a"a &a 7!%)a par)""pa"#$ e$ &o% -"e$e% %er0""o% 'e%)"$a'o% a )o'o%,%e o$0"er)e$ e$ p"ea% 'e !$ ea$"%o 'e !$ e$(ra$a7e ("(a$)e%o. E%)o %!e'e ae$!'o e$ e& apo 'e &o% e'"o% 'e o!$"a"#$ %o"a&, &o% !a&e%, a& e%)ar '"r"("'o%aore$)e por e$)ro% 'e &a par)e Nor)e 'e& !$'o, $o %"epre )"e$e$ e$ &a 'e-"'ao$%"'era"#$ &a% pr"or"'a'e% &o% pro-&ea% prop"o% 'e e%)o% Pa3%e%, $" re%pe)a$ %!4"%o$o3a !&)!ra&> a e$!'o, "po$e$ !$a 0"%"#$ 'e%0"a'a 'e &a 0"'a 'e& +o-re a%3 $ore%po$'e$ a &a% e"(e$"a% 'e& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o.

Ca'a !$o 'e &o% 'o% blo4ues &&e0a o!&)a "$)er$ae$)e, a %! a$era, &a )e$'e$"a a&im#erialismo, oo %e '"e o2$e$)e, o a 4ora% 'e $eoo&o$"a&"%o )e$)a"#$ $a'a4"& e$ &a /!e %e ae !+a% 0ee%, oo e$%ea &a +"%)or"a "$&!%o re"e$)e.

E%)a %")!a"#$ a$ora& o$%e!e$"a 'e !$a (!erra 'e !$a preo!pa"#$ ea(era'a, %a&& 'e &o &3")o, por rao$e% 'e &a #ro#ia se(uridad0 "p"'e ra'"a&e$)e &a oopera"#$

%o&"'ar"a 'e )o'o% por e& -"e$ o2$ 'e& (*$ero +!a$o, o$ per7!""o %o-re )o'o 'e &o% p!e-&o% pa34"o%, pr"0a'o% 'e %! 'ere+o 'e ae%o a &o% -"e$e% 'e%)"$a'o% a )o'o% &o%+o-re%.

De%'e e%)e p!$)o 'e 0"%)a, &a a)!a& '"0"%"#$ 'e& !$'o e% !$ obs$2ulo dire$o para &a0er'a'era )ra$%4ora"#$ 'e &a% o$'""o$e% 'e %!-'e%arro&&o e$ &o% Pa3%e% e$ 03a% 'e'e%arro&&o e$ a/!e&&o% e$o% a0a$a'o%. S"$ e-ar(o, &o% p!e-&o% $o %"epre %e re%"($a$a %! %!er)e. A'e%, &a "%a $ee%"'a' 'e !$a eo$o3a %o4oa'a por &o% (a%)o% "&")are%,a%3 oo por &a -!rora"a %! "$e4""e$"a "$)r3$%ea, paree 4a0oreer a+ora !$o% proe%o%

/!e po'r$ +aer e$o% r3("'a &a o$)rapo%""#$ % 4"& e& o"e$o 'e !$ '"&o(o 2)"& 'e !$a 0er'a'era o&a-ora"#$ para &a pa.

6:. La a4"ra"#$ 'e &a E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio , 'e /!e &o% re!r%o% 'e%)"$a'o% a &a pro'!"#$ 'e ara% 'e-e$ %er ep&ea'o% e$ a&"0"ar &a "%er"a 'e &a% po-&a"o$e%$ee%")a'a%,


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Ho, e$ &a pr)"a, )a&e% re!r%o% %"r0e$ para a%e(!rar /!e a'a !$o 'e &o% 'o% -&o/!e% p!e'a pre0a&eer %o-re e& o)ro, (ara$)"ar a%3 &a prop"a %e(!r"'a'. E%)a '"%)or%"#$, /!e e%!$ 0""o 'e or"(e$, '"4"!&)a a a/!e&&a% Na"o$e% /!e, 'e%'e !$ p!$)o 'e 0"%)a +"%)#r"o,eo$#"o po&3)"o )"e$e$ &a po%"-"&"'a' 'e e7erer !$ &"'era(o, a& !p&"r

a'e!a'ae$)e %! 'e-er 'e %o&"'ar"'a' e$ 4a0or 'e &o% p!e-&o% /!e a%p"ra$ a %! p&e$o'e%arro&&o.

E% opor)!$o a4"rar a/!3 $o 'e-e pareer e%)o !$a ea(era"#$ /!e !$ pape& 'e&"'era(o e$)re &a% Na"o$e% %e p!e'e 7!%)"4"ar %o&ae$)e o$ &a po%"-"&"'a' &a 0o&!$)a''e o$)r"-!"r, 'e a$era % ap&"a (e$ero%a, a& -"e$ o2$ 'e )o'o%.

U$a Na"#$ /!e e'"e%e, % o e$o% o$%"e$)ee$)e, a &a )e$)a"#$ 'e errar%e e$ %3"%a, o&0"'a$'o &a re%po$%a-"&"'a' /!e &e o$4"ere !$a "er)a %!per"or"'a' e$ e& o$"er)o'e &a% Na"o$e%, al$aría (ra&emen$e a !$ pre"%o 'e-er *)"o. E%)o e% 4"&e$)ereo$o"-&e e$ &a o$)"$(e$"a +"%)#r"a, e$ &a /!e &o% ree$)e% e$)re0*$ &a% '"%po%""o$e%'e &a '"0"$a Pro0"'e$"a /!e %e %"r0e 'e &a% Na"o$e% para &a rea&"a"#$ 'e %!% p&a$e%, pero/!e )a-"*$ 8 +ae 0a$o% &o% proe)o% 'e &o% p!e-&o% 9 ;4. Sal :: ;:6 1K.

C!a$'o O"'e$)e paree "$&"$ar%e a !$a% 4ora% 'e a"%&a"e$)o re"e$)e e(o3%)a, Or"e$)e, a %! 0e, paree "($orar por o)"0o% '"%!)"-&e% %! 'e-er 'e oopera"#$ paraa&"0"ar &a "%er"a 'e &o% p!e-&o%, !$o %e e$!e$)ra $o %#&o a$)e !$a )ra""#$ 'e &a% &e(3)"a%e%pera$a% 'e &a +!a$"'a' o$ o$%e!e$"a% "pre0"%"-&e%, %"$o a$)e !$a 'e4e"#$0er'a'era prop"a re%pe)o 'e !$a o-&"(a"#$ ora&.

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S" a )o'o e%)o %e aa'e e& #eli(ro $remendo, o$o"'o por )o'o%, /!e repre%e$)a$ &a% armasa$!mias a!!&a'a% +a%)a &o "$re3-&e, &a o$&!%"#$ ("a e% &a %"(!"e$)e e& pa$oraa 'e&!$'o a)!a&, "$&!%o e& eo$#"o, e$ 0e 'e a!%ar preo!pa"#$ por !$ &erdaderodesarrollo /!e o$'!a a )o'o% +a"a !$a 0"'a 8 % +!a$a 9, oo 'e%ea-a &a

E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio


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re""e$)o 'eo(r4"o> $o e%) 'eo%)ra'o %"/!"era /!e !a&/!"er re""e$)o'eo(r4"o %ea "$opa)"-&e o$ !$ 'e%arro&&o or'e$a'o.

Por o)ra par)e, re%!&)a ! a&ara$)e o$%)a)ar e$ !+o% Pa3%e% e& &a$a"e$)o 'eam#a.as sis$em2$ias o$)ra &a $a)a&"'a', por "$""a)"0a 'e %!% Go-"er$o%, e$ o$)ra%)e $o%#&o o$ &a "'e$)"'a' !&)!ra& re&"("o%a 'e &o% "%o% Pa3%e%, %"$o )a-"*$ o$ &a$a)!ra&ea 'e& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o. S!e'e a e$!'o /!e )a&e% apaa% %o$ 'e-"'a% a

pre%"o$e% e%)$ 4"$a$"a'a% por ap")a&e% pro0e$"e$)e% 'e& e)ra$7ero , e$ a&(2$ a%o,e%)$ %!-or'"$a'a% a &a% "%a% a &a a%"%)e$"a eo$#"o?4"$a$"era. E$ )o'o a%o, %e)ra)a 'e !$a al$a absolu$a de res#e$o #or &a &"-er)a' 'e 'e"%"#$ 'e &a% per%o$a% a4e)a'a%,+o-re% !7ere%, %oe)"'o% a 0ee% a "$)o&era-&e% pre%"o$e%, "$&!%o eo$#"a% para%oe)er&a% a e%)a $!e0a 4ora 'e opre%"#$. So$ &a% po-&a"o$e% % po-re% &a% /!e %!4re$&o% a)rope&&o%, e&&o &&e(a a or"("$ar e$ oa%"o$e% &a )e$'e$"a a !$ "er)o ra"%o, o4a0oree &a ap&"a"#$ 'e "er)a% 4ora% 'e e!(e$"%o, "(!a&e$)e ra"%)a%.

Ta-"*$ e%)e +e+o, /!e re&aa &a o$'e$a % e$*r("a, e% indiio de unaone#i!n erra'a per0er%a 'e& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o +!a$o.

6=. E%)e pa$oraa, pre'o"$a$)ee$)e $e(a)"0o, %o-re &a si$uai!n real 'e& 'e%arro&&o e$ e&!$'o o$)epor$eo, $o %er3a op&e)o %" $o %ea&ara &a e"%)e$"a 'e as#e$os #osi$i&os*

E& #rimero e% &a #lena onienia, e$ !+3%"o% +o-re% !7ere%, 'e %! prop"a '"($"'a' 'e &a 'e a'a %er +!a$o. E%)a o$"e$"a %e epre%a, por e7ep&o, e$ !$a

0"0a #reou#ai!n por e& res#e$o de los dere-os -umanos e$ e& % 'e"'"'o re+ao 'e%!% 0"o&a"o$e%. De e%)o e% !$ %"($o re0e&a'or e& $2ero 'e a%o"a"o$e% pr"0a'a%, a&(!$a%'e a&a$e !$'"a&, 'e re"e$)e rea"#$, a%" )o'a% oproe)"'a% e$ %e(!"r o$ e)reo!"'a'o &oa-&e o-7e)"0"'a' &o% ao$)e""e$)o% "$)er$a"o$a&e% e$ !$ apo )a$ 'e&"a'o.

E$ e%)e %e$)"'o +a /!e reo$oer &a inluenia e7er"'a por &a elarai!n de los ere-os Humanos, pro!&(a'a +ae a%" !are$)a ao% por &a Or(a$"a"#$ 'e &a% Na"o$e% U$"'a%.S! "%a e"%)e$"a %! aep)a"#$ pro(re%"0a por &a o!$"'a' "$)er$a"o$a& %o$ a)e%)"o$"o 'e !$a aor o$"e$"a /!e %e e%) "po$"e$'o. Lo "%o a-e 'e"r

%"epre e$ e& apo 'e &o% 'ere+o% +!a$o% %o-re &o% o)ro% "$%)r!e$)o% 7!r3'"o% 'e &a"%a Or(a$"a"#$ 'e &a% Na"o$e% U$"'a% o 'e o)ro% Or(a$"%o% "$)er$a"o$a&e%.


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A& "%o )"epo, e$ e%)e !$'o '"0"'"'o )!r-a'o por )o'a &a%e 'e o$4&")o%, a!e$)a&a on&ii!n 'e !$a ra'"a& in$erde#endenia, por o$%"(!"e$)e, 'e !$a solidaridad $ee%ar"a, /!e &a a%!a )ra'!a e$ e& p&a$o ora&. Ho /!"% % /!e a$)e%,&o% +o-re% %e 'a$ !e$)a 'e )e$er !$ des$ino om5n /!e o$%)r!"r 7!$)o%, %" %e /!"ere e0")ar

&a a)%)ro4e para )o'o%. De%'e e& 4o$'o 'e &a a$(!%)"a, 'e& "e'o 'e &o% 4e$#e$o% 'ee0a%"#$ oo &a 'ro(a, $í#ios del mundo on$em#or2neo, eer(e &a "'ea 'e /!e e& -"e$, a&!a& e%)ao% &&aa'o% )o'o%, &a 4e&""'a' a &a /!e a%p"rao% $o %e o-)"e$e$ %"$ el esuer+o y el em#e.o de $odos %"$ eep"#$, o$ &a o$%"(!"e$)e re$!$"a a& prop"o e(o3%o.

A/!3 %e "$%er)a )a-"*$, oo %"($o 'e& res#e$o #or la &ida, 0 $o o-%)a$)e )o'a% &a%)e$)a"o$e% por 'e%)r!"r&a, 'e%'e e& a-or)o a &a e!)a$a%"a &a #reou#ai!nonomi$an$e por &a pa> , !$a 0e %, %e e% o$%"e$)e 'e /!e *%)a e% indi&isible: o e%'e $odos, o 'e nadie* U$a pa /!e e"(e, a'a 0e %, e& re%pe)o r"(!ro%o 'e &a jus$iia, ,

por o$%"(!"e$)e, &a '"%)r"-!"#$ e/!")a)"0a 'e &o% 4r!)o% 'e& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o. 1K, 6:?:1> L 16, =?> 66, 6K> e% %, &o% 0a&ore%

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po%")"0o% %ea&a'o% re0e&a$ !$a $!e0a preo!pa"#$ ora&, %o-re )o'o e$ or'e$ a &o%(ra$'e% pro-&ea% +!a$o%, oo %o$ e& 'e%arro&&o &a pa.

E%)a rea&"'a' e !e0e a re4&e"o$ar %o-re &a &erdadera na$urale+a 'e& 'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o%, 'e a!er'o o$ &a E$3&"a !o a$"0er%ar"o e&e-rao%, oo +oe$a7e a %!e$%ea$a.

IV

EL AUTÉNTICO DESARROLLO HUMANO

6. La "ra'a /!e &a E$3&"a "$0")a a 'ar %o-re e& !$'o o$)epor$eo $o% +aeo$%)a)ar, a$)e )o'o, /!e e& 'e%arro&&o no es !$ proe%o re)"&3$eo, asi au$om2$io de #or sí ilimi$ado, oo %", e$ "er)a% o$'""o$e%, e& (*$ero +!a$o ar+ara %e(!ro +a"a !$ae%pe"e 'e per4e"#$ "$'e4"$"'a.


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+or"o$)e /!e &a !&)"p&"a"#$ o &a o$)"$!a %!%)")!"#$ 'e &o% o-7e)o% /!e %e po%ee$ por o)ro% )o'a03a % per4e)o%. E% &a &&aa'a "0"&"a"#$ 'e& 8 o$%!o 9 o o$%!"%o, /!eopor)a )a$)o% 8 'e%e+o% 9 o 8 -a%!ra% 9. U$ o-7e)o po%e3'o, a %!pera'o por o)ro %

per4e)o, e% 'e%ar)a'o %"p&ee$)e, %"$ )e$er e$ !e$)a %! po%"-&e 0a&or pera$e$)e para

!$o "%o o para o)ro %er +!a$o % po-re.

To'o% %oo% )e%)"(o% 'e &o% )r"%)e% e4e)o% 'e e%)a "e(a %!"%"#$ a& ero o$%!o e$ pr"er )*r"$o, !$a 4ora 'e a)er"a&"%o ra%o, a& "%o )"epo !$a ra'"a&"$%a)"%4a"#$, por/!e %e opre$'e rp"'ae$)e /!e, %" $o %e e%) pre0e$"'o o$)ra &a"$!$'a"#$ 'e e$%a7e% p!-&"")ar"o% &a o4er)a "$e%a$)e )e$)a'ora 'e pro'!)o% !a$)o % %e po%ee % %e 'e%ea, "e$)ra% &a% a%p"ra"o$e% % pro4!$'a% /!e'a$ %"$%a)"%4aer, /!"% "$&!%o %o4oa'a%.

La E$3&"a 'e& Papa Pa-&o VI %ea&a-a e%)a '"4ere$"a, +o )a$ 4re!e$)ee$)e ae$)!a'a,e$)re e& 8 )e$er 9 e& 8 %er 9, @1 /!e e& Co$"&"o Va)"a$o II +a-3a epre%a'o o$ pa&a-ra%

pre"%a%.@6 8 Te$er 9 o-7e)o% -"e$e% $o per4e"o$a 'e por %3 a& %!7e)o, %" $o o$)r"-!e a &aa'!ra"#$ e$r"/!e""e$)o 'e %! 8 %er 9, e% 'e"r, a &a rea&"a"#$ 'e &a 0oa"#$ +!a$aoo )a&.

C"er)ae$)e, &a '"4ere$"a e$)re 8 %er 9 8 )e$er 9, e& pe&"(ro "$+ere$)e a !$a era!&)"p&"a"#$ o %!%)")!"#$ 'e o%a% po%e3'a% re%pe)o a& 0a&or 'e& 8 %er 9, $o 'e-e)ra$%4orar%e $ee%ar"ae$)e e$ !$a an$inomia* U$a 'e &a% aore% "$7!%)""a% 'e& !$'oo$)epor$eo o$%"%)e pre"%ae$)e e$ e%)o e$ /!e %o$ re&a)"0ae$)e #oos &o% /!e

po%ee$ !+o, mu-os &o% /!e $o po%ee$ a%" $a'a. E% &a "$7!%)""a 'e &a a&a'"%)r"-!"#$ 'e &o% -"e$e% %er0""o% 'e%)"$a'o% or"("$ar"ae$)e a )o'o%.

E%)e e% p!e% e& !a'ro e%)$ a/!*&&o% &o% poo% /!e po%ee$ !+o /!e $o &&e(a$0er'a'erae$)e a 8 %er 9, por/!e, por !$a "$0er%"#$ 'e &a 7erar/!3a 'e &o% 0a&ore%, %ee$!e$)ra$ "pe'"'o% por e& !&)o 'e& 8 )e$er 9> e%)$ &o% o)ro% &o% !+o% /!e po%ee$

poo o $a'a &o% !a&e% $o o$%"(!e$ rea&"ar %! 0oa"#$ +!a$a 4!$'ae$)a& a& areer 'e &o% -"e$e% "$'"%pe$%a-&e%.

E& a& $o o$%"%)e e$ e& 8 )e$er 9 oo )a&, %"$o e$ e& po%eer /!e $o re%pe)a &a alidad &a ordenada jerar4uía 'e &o% -"e$e% /!e %e )"e$e$. /alidad y jerar4uía /!e 'er"0a$ 'e &a%!-or'"$a"#$ 'e &o% -"e$e% 'e %! '"%po$"-"&"'a' a& 8 %er 9 'e& +o-re a %! 0er'a'era0oa"#$.

Co$ e%)o %e 'e!e%)ra /!e %" e& desarrollo )"e$e !$a neesaria dimensi!n eon!mia, p!e%)o/!e 'e-e pro!rar a& aor $2ero po%"-&e 'e +a-")a$)e% 'e& !$'o &a '"%po$"-"&"'a' 'e

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-"e$e% "$'"%pe$%a-&e% para 8 %er 9, %"$ e-ar(o $o %e a(o)a o$ e%)a '"e$%"#$. E$ a-"o,%" %e &"")a a *%)a, e& 'e%arro&&o %e 0!e&0e o$)ra a/!*&&o% "%o% a /!"e$e% %e 'e%ea

-e$e4""ar.

La% ara)er3%)"a% 'e !$ 'e%arro&&o p&e$o, 8 % +!a$o 9, e& !a& %"$ $e(ar &a%$ee%"'a'e% eo$#"a% pro!re e%)ar a &a a&)!ra 'e &a a!)*$)"a 0oa"#$ 'e& +o-re 'e&a !7er, +a$ %"'o 'e%r")a% por Pa-&o VI.@:

6. Por e%o, !$ 'e%arro&&o $o %o&ae$)e eo$#"o %e "'e %e or"e$)a %e(2$ e%)a rea&"'a' 0oa"#$ 'e& +o-re 0"%)o (&o-a&e$)e, e% 'e"r, %e(2$ !$ prop"o #ar2me$roin$erior* E%)e, "er)ae$)e, $ee%")a 'e &o% -"e$e% rea'o% 'e &o% pro'!)o% 'e &a "$'!%)r"a,e$r"/!e"'a o$%)a$)ee$)e por e& pro(re%o "e$)34"o )e$o("o. &a '"%po$"-"&"'a'%"epre $!e0a 'e &o% -"e$e% a)er"a&e%, "e$)ra% %a)"%4ae &a% $ee%"'a'e%, a-re $!e0o%+or"o$)e%. E& pe&"(ro 'e& a-!%o o$%!3%)"o 'e &a apar""#$ 'e $ee%"'a'e% ar)"4""a&e%,'e $"$(!$a a$era 'e-e$ "pe'"r &a e%)"a !)"&"a"#$ 'e &o% $!e0o% -"e$e% re!r%o%

p!e%)o% a $!e%)ra '"%po%""#$. A& o$)rar"o, e$ e&&o 'e-eo% 0er !$ 'o$ 'e D"o% !$are%p!e%)a a &a 0oa"#$ 'e& +o-re, /!e %e rea&"a p&e$ae$)e e$ Cr"%)o.

Ma% para a&a$ar e& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o e% $ee%ar"o $o per'er 'e 0"%)a '"+o pare)ro,/!e e%) e$ &a na$urale+a es#eíia 'e& +o-re, rea'o por D"o% a %! "a(e$ %ee7a$a;4. G3n 1, 6=. Na)!ra&ea orpora& e%p"r")!a&, %"-o&"a'a e$ e& %e(!$'o re&a)o 'e &area"#$ por 'o% e&ee$)o% &a $ierra, o$ &a /!e D"o% o'e&a a& +o-re, e& -2li$o de&ida "$4!$'"'o e$ %! ro%)ro ;4. G3n 6, .

E& +o-re )"e$e a%3 !$a "er)a a4"$"'a' o$ &a% 'e% rea)!ra% e%) &&aa'o a !)"&"ar&a%, ao!par%e 'e e&&a% %"epre %e(2$ &a $arra"#$ 'e& G3nesis ;6, 1@ e% o&oa'o e$ e&

7ar'3$ para !&)"0ar&o !%)o'"ar&o, por e$"a 'e )o'o% &o% 'e% %ere% p!e%)o% por D"o% -a7o %! 'o"$"o ;4. ibid* 1, 1@ %.. Pero a& "%o )"epo, e& +o-re 'e-e %oe)er%e a &a0o&!$)a' 'e D"o%, /!e &e po$e &3")e% e$ e& !%o 'o"$"o 'e &a% o%a% ;4. ibid* 6, 1= %., a &a

par /!e &e proe)e &a "$or)a&"'a' ;4.ibid* 6, > Sab 6, 6:. E& +o-re, p!e%, a& %er "a(e$'e D"o%, )"e$e !$a 0er'a'era a4"$"'a' o$ E&. Se(2$ e%)a e$%ea$a, e& 'e%arro&&o $o p!e'eo$%"%)"r %o&ae$)e e$ e& !%o, 'o"$"o po%e%"#$ indisriminada 'e &a% o%a% rea'a% 'e

&o% pro'!)o% 'e &a "$'!%)r"a +!a$a, %"$o % -"e$ e$ subordinar &a po%e%"#$, e& 'o"$"o e& !%o a &a %ee7a$a '"0"$a 'e& +o-re a %! 0oa"#$ a &a "$or)a&"'a'. E%)a e% &arealidad $rasenden$e 'e& %er +!a$o, &a !a& 'e%'e e& pr"$"p"o aparee par)""pa'a por !$a

pare7a, +o-re !7er ;4. G3n 1, 6, e% por o$%"(!"e$)e 4!$'ae$)a&e$)e %o"a&.

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:K. Se(2$ &a Sa(ra'a E%r")!ra, p!e%, &a $o"#$ 'e 'e%arro&&o $o e% %o&ae$)e 8 &a"a 9 o 8 pro4a$a 9, %"$o /!e aparee )a-"*$, a!$/!e o$ !$a 4!er)e ae$)!a"#$ %o"oeo$#"a,oo &a e)#resi!n moderna 'e !$a '"e$%"#$ e%e$"a& 'e &a 0oa"#$ 'e& +o-re. E$e4e)o, e& +o-re $o +a %"'o rea'o, por a%3 'e"r, "$#0"& e%))"o. La pr"era

pre%e$)a"#$ /!e 'e *& o4ree &a B"-&"a, &o 'e%r"-e "er)ae$)e oo rea$ura oo ima(en, de$erminada e$ %! rea&"'a' pro4!$'a por e& ori(en e& #aren$eso /!e &oo$%)")!e. Pero e%)o "%o po$e e$ e& %er +!a$o, +o-re !7er, e& (ermen &a e)i(enia 'e !$a $area or"("$ar"a a rea&"ar, a'a !$o por %epara'o )a-"*$ oo

pare7a. La )area e% 8 'o"$ar 9 &a% 'e% rea)!ra%, 8 !&)"0ar e& 7ar'3$ 9> pero +a /!e+aer&o e$ e& aro 'e obedienia a &a &e '"0"$a , por o$%"(!"e$)e, e$ e& re%pe)o 'e &a"a(e$ re"-"'a, 4!$'ae$)o &aro 'e& po'er 'e 'o"$"o, o$e'"'o e$ or'e$ a %!

per4e"o$a"e$)o ;4. G3n 1, 6=?:K> 6, 1@ %.>Sab , 6 %..

C!a$'o e& +o-re 'e%o-e'ee a D"o% %e $"e(a a %oe)er%e a %! po)e%)a', e$)o$e% &a$a)!ra&ea %e &e re-e&a a $o &e reo$oe oo %eor, por/!e +a epaa'o e$ %3 "%o &a"a(e$ '"0"$a. La &&aa'a a po%eer !%ar &o rea'o pera$ee %"epre 0&"'a, pero'e%p!*% 'e& pea'o %! e7er""o %er ar'!o &&e$o 'e %!4r""e$)o% ;4. G3n :, 1?1.

E$ e4e)o, e& ap3)!&o %"(!"e$)e 'e& G3nesis $o% pre%e$)a &a 'e%e$'e$"a 'e Ca3$, &a !a&o$%)r!e !$a "!'a', %e 'e'"a a &a (a$a'er3a, a &a% ar)e% ;&a 2%"a a &a )*$"a ;&ae)a&!r("a, a& "%o )"epo %e epe# a 8 "$0oar e& $o-re 'e& Seor 9 ;4. ibid*


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e)erens e +e re4er"'o a &a 0oa"#$ 'e& +o-re a& )ra-a7o, para %!-raar e& o$ep)o 'e/!e %"epre e% *& e& pro)a(o$"%)a 'e& 'e%arro&&o.@<

M% a2$, e& "%o Seor Je%2%, e$ &a par-o&a 'e &o% )a&e$)o% po$e 'e re&"e0e e& )ra)o %e0erore%er0a'o a& /!e o%# e%o$'er e& )a&e$)o re"-"'o 8 S"er0o a&o pereo%o, %a-3a% /!e oo%e+o 'o$'e $o %e-r* reo7o 'o$'e $o e%par3... !")a'&e, por )a$)o, %! )a&e$)o ''%e&o a& /!e )"e$e &o% '"e )a&e$)o% 9 ; M$ 6@, 6=?6. A $o%o)ro%, /!e re"-"o% &o% 'o$e%'e D"o% para +aer&o% 4r!)"4"ar, $o% )oa 8 %e-rar 9 8 reo(er 9. S" $o &o +aeo%, %e$o% /!")ar "$&!%o &o /!e )e$eo%.

Me'")ar %o-re e%)a% %e0era% pa&a-ra% $o% a!'ar a oproe)er$o% % re%!e&)ae$)e e$e& deber, +o !r(e$)e para )o'o%, 'e ooperar e$ e& 'e%arro&&o p&e$o 'e &o% 'e% 8'e%arro&&o 'e )o'o e& +o-re 'e )o'o% &o% +o-re% 9.@@

:1. La e en /ris$o Reden$or, "e$)ra% "&!"$a "$)er"ore$)e &a $a)!ra&ea 'e& 'e%arro&&o,(!3a )a-"*$ e$ &a )area 'e o&a-ora"#$. E$ &a Car)a 'e Sa$ Pa-&o a &o% Co&o%e$%e% &eeo%/!e Cr"%)o e% 8 e& pr"o(*$")o 'e )o'a &a rea"#$ 9 /!e 8 )o'o 4!e rea'o por *& para *&9 ;1, 1@?1=. E$ e4e)o, 8 )o'o )"e$e e$ *& %! o$%"%)e$"a 9 por/!e 8 D"o% )!0o a -"e$ +aer re%"'"r e$ *& )o'a &a p&e$")!' reo$"&"ar por *& para *& )o'a% &a% o%a% 9. ; Ibid*, 1, 6K.

E$ e%)e p&a$ '"0"$o, /!e o"e$a 'e%'e &a e)er$"'a' e$ Cr"%)o, 8 Ia(e$ 9 per4e)a 'e&Pa're, !&"$a e$ *&, 8 Pr"o(*$")o 'e e$)re &o% !er)o% 9 ; Ibid*, 1, 1@. 1, %e inser$anues$ra -is$oria, ara'a por $!e%)ro e%4!ero per%o$a& o&e)"0o por e&e0ar &a o$'""#$

+!a$a, 0e$er &o% o-%)!&o% /!e %!r(e$ %"epre e$ $!e%)ro a"$o, '"%po$"*$'o$o% a%3 a par)""par e$ &a p&e$")!' /!e 8 re%"'e e$ e& Seor 9 /!e &a o!$"a 8 a %! C!erpo, &aI(&e%"a 9 ; Ibid*, 1, 1> 4. E 1, 66?6:, "e$)ra% e& pea'o, /!e %"epre $o% ae+a oproe)e $!e%)ra% rea&"a"o$e% +!a$a%, e% 0e$"'o re%a)a'o por &a 8 reo$"&"a"#$9 o-ra'a por Cr"%)o ;4. /ol 1, 6K.

A/!3 %e a-re$ &a% per%pe)"0a%. E& %!eo 'e !$ 8 pro(re%o "$'e4"$"'o 9 %e 0er"4"a,)ra$%4ora'o ra'"a&e$)e por &a $!e0a #p)"a /!e a-re &a 4e r"%)"a$a, a%e(!r$'o$o% /!ee%)e pro(re%o e% po%"-&e %o&ae$)e por/!e D"o% Pa're +a 'e"'"'o 'e%'e e& pr"$"p"o +aer

a& +o-re par)3"pe 'e %! (&or"a e$ Je%!r"%)o re%!")a'o, por/!e 8 e$ *& )e$eo% por e'"o'e %! %a$(re e& per'#$ 'e &o% 'e&")o% 9 ; E 1, , e$ *& +a /!er"'o 0e$er a& pea'o +aer&o %er0"r para $!e%)ro -"e$ % (ra$'e,@= /!e %!pera "$4"$")ae$)e &o /!e e& pro(re%o

po'r3a rea&"ar.

Po'eo% 'e"r, p!e%, "e$)ra% $o% 'e-a)"o% e$ e'"o 'e &a% o%!r"'a'e% are$"a%'e& subdesarrollo 'e& su#erdesarrollo0 /!e !$ '3a, !a$'o a e%)e %er orr!p)"-&e %e re0"%)a

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'e "$orr!p)"-"&"'a' e%)e %er or)a& %e re0"%)a 'e "$or)a&"'a' 9 ; ; /or 1@, @ a& o$)rar"o, po'r3a %er o-&"(a)or"o e$a7e$ar e%)o% -"e$e% para 'ar pa$, -e-"'a,0e%)"'o a%a a /!"e$ aree 'e e&&o. @ Coo a %e +a '"+o, %e $o% pre%e$)a a/!3 !$a8 jerar4uía de &alores 9 e$ e& aro 'e& 'ere+o 'e prop"e'a' e$)re e& 8 )e$er 9 e& 8%er 9, %o-re )o'o !a$'o e& 8 )e$er 9 'e a&(!$o% p!e'e %er a epe$%a% 'e& 8 %er 9 'e )a$)o%o)ro%.

E& Papa Pa-&o VI, e$ %! E$3&"a, %"(!e e%)a e$%ea$a, "$%p"r$'o%e e$ &a Co$%)")!"#$ pa%)ora& Gaudium e$ s#es*=K Por " par)e, 'e%eo "$%"%)"r )a-"*$ %o-re %! (ra0e'a' !r(e$"a, p"'"e$'o a& Seor 4!era para )o'o% &o% r"%)"a$o% a 4"$ 'e po'er pa%ar 4"e&e$)e a%! ap&"a"#$ pr)"a.

:6. La o-&"(a"#$ 'e epear%e por e& 'e%arro&&o 'e &o% p!e-&o% $o e% !$ 'e-er %o&ae$)e indi&idual, $" !+o e$o% indi&idualis$a, oo %" %e p!'"era o$%e(!"r o$ &o%e%4!ero% a"%&a'o% 'e a'a !$o. E% !$ "pera)"0o para $odos y ada uno 'e &o% +o-re% !7ere%, para &a% %o"e'a'e% &a% $a"o$e%, e$ par)"!&ar para &a I(&e%"a a)#&"a para &a%o)ra% I(&e%"a% Co!$"'a'e% e&e%"a&e%, o$ &a% /!e e%)ao% p&e$ae$)e '"%p!e%)o% a

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o&a-orar e$ e%)e apo. E$ e%)e %e$)"'o, a%3 oo $o%o)ro% &o% a)#&"o% "$0")ao% a &o%+era$o% %epara'o% a par)""par e$ $!e%)ra% "$""a)"0a%, 'e& "%o o'o $o% 'e&arao%'"%p!e%)o% a o&a-orar e$ &a% %!a%, aep)a$'o &a% "$0")a"o$e% /!e $o% +a$ '"r"("'o. E$ e%)a

-2%/!e'a 'e& 'e%arro&&o "$)e(ra& 'e& +o-re po'eo% +aer !+o )a-"*$ o$ &o%

ree$)e% 'e &a% o)ra% re&"("o$e%, oo e$ rea&"'a' a %e e%) +a"e$'o e$ '"0er%o% &!(are%.E$ e4e)o, &a oopera"#$ a& 'e%arro&&o 'e )o'o e& +o-re 'e a'a +o-re e% !$ 'e-er 'e $odos #ara on $odos , a& "%o )"epo, 'e-e %er o2$ a &a% !a)ro par)e% 'e& !$'oE%)e Oe%)e, Nor)e S!r> o, a &o% '"0er%o% 8 !$'o% 9, oo %!e&e 'e"r%e +o. De &oo$)rar"o, %" )ra)a 'e rea&"ar&o e$ !$a %o&a par)e, o e$ !$ %o&o !$'o, %e +ae a epe$%a% 'e&o% o)ro%> a&&3 'o$'e o"e$a, %e +"per)ro4"a %e per0"er)e a& $o )e$er e$ !e$)a a &o%'e%. Lo% p!e-&o% &a% Na"o$e% )a-"*$ )"e$e$ 'ere+o a %! 'e%arro&&o #leno, /!e, %"

-"e$ "p&"a oo %e +a '"+o &o% a%pe)o% eo$#"o% %o"a&e%, 'e-e opre$'er )a-"*$ %! "'e$)"'a' !&)!ra& &a aper)!ra a &o )ra%e$'e$)e. N" %"/!"era &a $ee%"'a' 'e&

'e%arro&&o p!e'e )oar%e oo pre)e)o para "po$er a &o% 'e% e& prop"o o'o 'e 0"0"r o&a prop"a 4e re&"("o%a.

::. No %er3a 0er'a'erae$)e di(no del -ombre !$ )"po 'e 'e%arro&&o /!e $o re%pe)ara proo0"era &o% dere-os -umanos, per%o$a&e% %o"a&e%, eo$#"o% po&3)"o%, "$&!"'o%&o% dere-os de las %aiones y de los #ueblos*

Ho, /!" % /!e a$)e%, %e per"-e o$ aor &ar"'a' &a on$radii!n in$rínsea'e !$'e%arro&&o /!e 4!era solamen$e eo$#"o. E%)e %!-or'"$a 4"&e$)e &a per%o$a +!a$a %!% $ee%"'a'e% % pro4!$'a% a &a% e"(e$"a% 'e &a p&a$"4"a"#$ eo$#"a o 'e &a(a$a$"a e&!%"0a.

La one)i!n in$rínsea e$)re desarrollo au$3n$io re%pe)o 'e &o% 'ere+o% 'e& +o-re,'e!e%)ra !$a 0e % %! ar)er moral: &a 0er'a'era e&e0a"#$ 'e& +o-re, o$4ore a &a0oa"#$ $a)!ra& e +"%)#r"a 'e a'a !$o, $o %e a&a$a ep&o)a$'o solamen$e &a a-!$'a$"a'e -"e$e% %er0""o%, o '"%po$"e$'o 'e "$4rae%)r!)!ra% per4e)a%.

C!a$'o &o% "$'"0"'!o% &a% o!$"'a'e% $o 0e$ r"(!ro%ae$)e re%pe)a'a% &a% e"(e$"a%ora&e%, !&)!ra&e% e%p"r")!a&e% 4!$'a'a% %o-re &a '"($"'a' 'e &a per%o$a %o-re &a

"'e$)"'a' prop"a 'e a'a o!$"'a', oe$a$'o por &a 4a"&"a &a% %o"e'a'e% re&"("o%a%,)o'o &o 'e% '"%po$"-"&"'a' 'e -"e$e%, a-!$'a$"a 'e re!r%o% )*$"o% ap&"a'o% a &a0"'a '"ar"a, !$ "er)o $"0e& 'e -"e$e%)ar a)er"a& re%!&)ar "$%a)"%4a)or"o , a &a &ar(a,'e%pre"a-&e. Lo '"e &arae$)e e& Seor e$ e& E0a$(e&"o, &&aa$'o &a a)e$"#$ 'e )o'o%%o-re &a 0er'a'era 7erar/!3a 'e 0a&ore% 8 De /!* &e %er0"r a& +o-re (a$ar e& !$'oe$)ero, %" arr!"$a %! 0"'a 9 ; M$ 1=, 6=.

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E& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o, %e(2$ &a% e"(e$"a% #ro#ias 'e& %er +!a$o, +o-re o !7er, $"o,a'!&)o o a$"a$o, "p&"a %o-re )o'o por par)e 'e !a$)o% "$)er0"e$e$ a)"0ae$)e e$ e%e

proe%o %o$ %!% re%po$%a-&e%, !$a 0"0a onienia del &alor 'e &o% 'ere+o% 'e )o'o% 'ea'a !$o, a%3 oo 'e &a $ee%"'a' 'e re%pe)ar e& 'ere+o 'e a'a !$o a &a !)"&"a"#$ p&e$a

'e &o% -e$e4""o% o4re"'o% por &a "e$"a &a )*$"a. E$ e& orden in$erno 'ea'a %ai!n, e% ! "por)a$)e /!e %ea$ re%pe)a'o% )o'o% &o% 'ere+o% e%pe"a&e$)e e&'ere+o a &a 0"'a e$ )o'a% &a% 4a%e% 'e &a e"%)e$"a> &o% 'ere+o% 'e &a 4a"&"a, ooo!$"'a' %o"a& -%"a o 8 *&!&a 'e &a %o"e'a' 9> &a 7!%)""a e$ &a% re&a"o$e% &a-ora&e%>&o% 'ere+o% o$er$"e$)e% a &a 0"'a 'e &a o!$"'a' po&3)"a e$ !a$)o )a&, a%3 oo &o%

-a%a'o% e$ &a &oai!n $rasenden$e 'e& %er +!a$o, epea$'o por e& 'ere+o a &a &"-er)a''e pro4e%ar pra)"ar e& prop"o re'o re&"("o%o.

E$ e& orden in$ernaional, o %ea, e$ &a% re&a"o$e% e$)re &o% E%)a'o% o, %e(2$ e& &e$(!a7eorr"e$)e, e$)re &o% '"0er%o% 8 !$'o% 9, e% $ee%ar"o e& p&e$o res#e$o 'e &a "'e$)"'a' 'ea'a p!e-&o, o$ %!% ara)er3%)"a% +"%)#r"a% !&)!ra&e%. E% "$'"%pe$%a-&e a'e%, ooa pe'3a &a E$3&"a Po#ulorum Pro(ressio /!e %e reo$oa a a'a p!e-&o "(!a& 'ere+o a8 %e$)ar%e a &a e%a 'e& -a$/!e)e o2$ 9,=1 e$ &!(ar 'e aer a &a p!er)a oo Laro,"e$)ra% 8 &o% perro% 0"e$e$ &ae$ &a% &&a(a% 9 ;4. L 1=, 61. Ta$)o &o% p!e-&o% oo &a%

per%o$a% "$'"0"'!a&e$)e 'e-e$ '"%4r!)ar 'e !$a i(ualdad undamen$al =6 %o-re &a /!e %e -a%a, por e7ep&o, &a Car)a 'e &a Or(a$"a"#$ 'e &a% Na"o$e% U$"'a% "(!a&'a' /!e e% e&4!$'ae$)o 'e& 'ere+o 'e )o'o% a &a par)""pa"#$ e$ e& proe%o 'e 'e%arro&&o p&e$o. Para%er )a&, e& 'e%arro&&o 'e-e rea&"ar%e e$ e& aro 'e &a solidaridad 'e &a liber$ad, %"$

%ar"4"ar $!$a &a !$a a &a o)ra -a7o $"$(2$ pre)e)o. E& ar)er ora& 'e& 'e%arro&&o &a$ee%"'a' 'e proo0er&o %o$ ea&)a'o% !a$'o %e re%pe)a$ r"(!ro%ae$)e )o'a% &a%e"(e$"a% 'er"0a'a% 'e& or'e$ 'e &a &erdad y del bien prop"o% 'e &a rea)!ra +!a$a. E&r"%)"a$o, a'e%, e'!a'o a 0er e$ e& +o-re &a "a(e$ 'e D"o%, &&aa'o a &a par)""pa"#$'e &a 0er'a' 'e& -"e$ /!e e% ios mismo, $o opre$'e !$ epeo por e& 'e%arro&&o %!rea&"a"#$ %"$ &a o-%er0a$"a e& re%pe)o 'e &a '"($"'a' 2$"a 'e e%)a 8 "a(e$ 9. E$ o)ra%

pa&a-ra%, e& 0er'a'ero 'e%arro&&o 'e-e 4!$'ar%e en el amor a ios y al #r!jimo, 4a0oreer &a% re&a"o$e% e$)re &o% "$'"0"'!o% &a% %o"e'a'e%. E%)a e% &a 8 "0"&"a"#$ 'e& aor 9, 'e&a /!e +a-&a-a o$ 4re!e$"a e& Papa Pa-&o VI.

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La #rimera o$%"%)e e$ &a o$0e$"e$"a 'e )oar mayor onienia 'e /!e $o %e p!e'e$!)"&"ar "p!$ee$)e &a% '"0er%a% a)e(or3a% 'e %ere%, 0"0o% o "$a$"a'o% a$"a&e%,

p&a$)a%, e&ee$)o% $a)!ra&e% oo e7or ape)ea, %e(2$ &a% prop"a% e"(e$"a%eo$#"a%. A& o$)rar"o, o$0"e$e )e$er e$ !e$)a &a na$urale+a de ada ser su mu$ua

one)i!n e$ !$ %"%)ea or'e$a'o, /!e e% pre"%ae$)e e& o%o%.

La se(unda onsiderai!n %e 4!$'a, e$ a-"o, e$ &a o$0""#$, a'a 0e aor )a-"*$'e &a limi$ai!n de los reursos na$urales, a&(!$o% 'e &o% !a&e% $o %o$, oo %!e&e'e"r%e, reno&ables* U%ar&o% oo %" 4!era$ "$a(o)a-&e%, on dominio absolu$o, po$e%er"ae$)e e$ pe&"(ro %! 4!)!ra '"%po$"-"&"'a', $o %#&o para &a (e$era"#$ pre%e$)e, %"$o%o-re )o'o para &a% 4!)!ra%.

La $erera onsiderai!n %e re4"ere '"re)ae$)e a &a% o$%e!e$"a% 'e !$ "er)o )"po 'e'e%arro&&o sobre la alidad de la &ida e$ &a% o$a% "$'!%)r"a&"a'a%. To'o% %a-eo% /!e e&re%!&)a'o '"re)o o "$'"re)o 'e &a "$'!%)r"a&"a"#$ e%, a'a 0e %, &a o$)a"$a"#$ 'e&a-"e$)e, o$ (ra0e% o$%e!e$"a% para &a %a&!' 'e &a po-&a"#$.

U$a 0e %, e% e0"'e$)e /!e e& 'e%arro&&o, a%3 oo &a 0o&!$)a' 'e p&a$"4"a"#$ /!e &o'"r"(e, e& !%o 'e &o% re!r%o% e& o'o 'e !)"&"ar&o% $o e%)$ ee$)o% 'e re%pe)ar &a%e"(e$"a% ora&e%. U$a 'e *%)a% "po$e %"$ '!'a &3")e% a& !%o 'e &a $a)!ra&ea 0"%"-&e. E&'o"$"o o$4"a'o a& +o-re por e& Crea'or $o e% !$ po'er a-%o&!)o, $" %e p!e'e +a-&ar 'e&"-er)a' 'e 8 !%ar a-!%ar 9, o 'e '"%po$er 'e &a% o%a% oo e7or parea. La &"")a"#$"p!e%)a por e& "%o Crea'or 'e%'e e& pr"$"p"o, epre%a'a %"-#&"ae$)e o$ &a

pro+"-""#$ 'e 8 oer 'e& 4r!)o 'e& r-o& 9 ;4. G3n 6, 1= %., !e%)ra &arae$)e /!e, a$)e&a $a)!ra&ea 0"%"-&e, e%)ao% %oe)"'o% a &ee% $o %#&o -"o("a% %"$o )a-"*$ ora&e%,!a )ra$%(re%"#$ $o /!e'a "p!$e. U$a 7!%)a o$ep"#$ 'e& 'e%arro&&o $o p!e'e

pre%"$'"r 'e e%)a% o$%"'era"o$e% re&a)"0a% a& !%o 'e &o% e&ee$)o% 'e &a $a)!ra&ea, a &are$o0a-"&"'a' 'e &o% re!r%o% a &a% o$%e!e$"a% 'e !$a "$'!%)r"a&"a"#$ 'e%or'e$a'a,&a% !a&e% po$e$ a$)e $!e%)ra o$"e$"a &a dimensi!n moral, /!e 'e-e '"%)"$(!"r e&'e%arro&&o.=:

V

UNA LECTURA TEOLÓGICA DE LOS PROBLEMAS MODERNOS

:@. A &a &! 'e& "%o ar)er e%e$"a& moral, prop"o 'e& 'e%arro&&o, +a /!e o$%"'erar )a-"*$ &o% obs$2ulos /!e %e opo$e$ a *&. S" '!ra$)e &o% ao% )ra$%!rr"'o% 'e%'e &a

p!-&"a"#$ 'e &a E$3&"a $o %e +a 'a'o e%)e 'e%arro&&o o %e +a 'a'o 'e a$era e%a%a,"rre(!&ar, !a$'o $o o$)ra'")or"a, &a% rao$e% $o p!e'e$ %er %o&ae$)e eo$#"a%.

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Heo% 0"%)o a #o "$)er0"e$e$ )a-"*$ o)"0a

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