Solutions

• Describe and give examples of various types of solutions.

Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible

Additional KEY TermsPure MixtureHeterogeneous Homogeneous

1. Heterogeneous mixtures• uneven distribution.• particles in mixture can be identified.

Sand and waterSalt and pepper

a. Suspension• heterogenous mix of solid in liquid. • Use filters to separate components.

Suspensions often settle out if left to stand.

b. Emulsion• heterogeneous mix of two or more liquids.

If we let emulsions sit, they will eventually separate too.

Can look homogenous:Blood, milk, mayonnaise, whip cream, jelly…

c. Colloids / Gels• Larger molecules suspended in liquid• Not easily filtered and do not settle out

• Are usually opaque / translucentLight hits particles and doesn’t get through – Tyndall Effect

2. Homogeneous mixtures• particles of are evenly distributed.• difficult to separate.

Salt or sugar dissolved in water

• Usually called solutions.

• Solutions do NOT settle out.• Solutions cannot be filtered.

a. Solution - mixture where all substances are distributed as individual molecules or ions.

b. Alloys • solutions of two or more metals. • mixed to take advantage of specific properties

(malleability, density, strength and rust resistance)

Steel - iron and carbon (stronger) Brass - copper and zinc (stronger)Bronze - copper and tin (stronger)Stainless steel - steel w/ chromium (no rust)Gold - gold and copper (harder)

• A solution is made up of solute and solvent.

Solvent - substance that does the dissolvingSolute - the dissolved substance.

• Solutions with water as the solvent are known as aqueous solutions.

In a mixture of same states (both liquids), the solvent is the substance present in the larger amount.

The terms soluble and insoluble are relative terms.

• Soluble – dissolves in a solvent (solution)• Insoluble - does not dissolve (suspension)

Solubility:The amount of solute that can dissolve in a given volume of solvent to form a solution.

soluble insoluble

solute

?

• All gas mixtures of are solutions • All gas mixtures are homogeneous

• Miscible - liquids mix in each other (solution)• Immiscible - liquids do not dissolve (emulsion)

Mixtures

suspension

insoluble

solution (homogeneous)

solid liquid

soluble

(heterogeneous)

(dissolve)

emulsion

immisciblemiscible

liquid liquid

solution (homogeneous) (heterogeneous)

(dissolve)

alloy(homogeneous)

metal metal

soluble(dissolve)

solution (homogeneous)

gas gas

soluble(dissolve)

octane (l) ethanol (l)

Ca(NO3)2 (s) ethanol (l)

Ionic calcium nitrate is soluble in polar ethanol – this is a homogeneous solution.

Nonpolar octane is immiscible in polar ethanol – this is a heterogeneous emulsion.

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?

• Describe and give examples of various types of solutions.

Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible

Additional KEY TermsPure MixtureHeterogeneous Homogeneous