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Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

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Page 1: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Solutions

Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Page 2: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Some Terminology

• Solvent – The substance that “does the dissolving”

• Solute – The substance that “gets dissolved”• Solution – The resulting mixture

Page 3: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Why Do Solutions Form?

Page 4: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Why Isn’t Everything Soluble in Everything?

Page 5: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Some Concentration Units

• Molarity - # mol solute / # L solution• Molality - # mol solute / # kg solvent• Mole Fraction of substance - # mol / total mol• Mass Percent of Solute

100% (solute mass / solution mass)

Page 6: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Time to do some calculations!

• Calculation of concentration units• Conversion of one concentration unit to

another

Page 7: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Colligative Properties

• Vapor Pressure Lowering– Boiling Point Elevation– Freezing Point Depression

• Osmotic Pressure

Page 8: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Why Does a Solute Lower Vapor Pressure?

Page 9: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Solute Reduces Rate of Evaporation

Page 10: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Equilibrium Reestablished at Lower Pressure

Page 11: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Raoult’s Law

Page 12: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Why Does Vapor Pressure Lowering Change the Boiling and Freezing Points?

Page 13: Solutions Homogeneous Mixture of 2 or more Substances

Raoult’s Law Applied to Two Volatile Components in a Solution