Some Background for our Deliberations Daniel E. Atkins Professor of Information and EECS University of Michigan Ann Arbor [email protected] Symposium on

Some Background for our Deliberations

Daniel E. Atkins

Professor of Information and EECS

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor

[email protected]

Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future

Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science:

Past, Present and Future

Enabling and Motivating Trends

• digital convergence• structured• processable

Push Pull

Enabling and Motivating a CI InitiativeASC PACI’s

Pittsburgh TCS

Distributed Terascale Facility

Some ITR Projects

Digital Library Initiatives

Networking Initiatives

Middleware Initiatives

Other CISE Research

Cyber- Infrastructure

Initiative

Initiatives in non-CISE Directorates

NSB Research Infrastructure Review

Initiatives in DOE, NIH, DOD, NASA, …

International Initiatives: UK e-science,Earth Simulator, EU Grid & 6th Framework

Scientific Data Collection/Curation

Collaboratories



Computational

Ubiquitous appliances



Content Digital everything; exponential growth; conversion and born-digital. S&E literature is digital. Microfilm-> digital for preservation. Digital

libraries are real and getting better. Distributed (global scale), multi-media, multi-disciplinary

observational. Huge volume.

Need for large-scale, enduring, professionally managed/curated data repositories. Increasing demand for easier finding, reuse: data mining, interdisciplinary data federation.

New modes of scholarly communication: what’s publishing? what’s a publication?

IP, openness, ownership, privacy, security issues



Interactivity Networking - machine to machine Interfaces - human to machine Smart sensors, instruments, arrays -

machine to physical world Organizational - Interactive distributed

systems systems; knowledge (work) environments; virtual communities.

Organizational Interactivity: Knowledge Environments for Science, Streams of Activity

GRIDS (broadly defined)

E-science

CI-enabled Science & Engineering Research & Education

Science-driven pilots (not using above labels)

ITFRU Scholarly communicationin the digital age

Web-servicesSemantic Web

Co-laboratory, collaboratoryVirtual communities



Components of KES

LIGO

ATLAS and CMS

NVO and ALMA

The number of nation-scale projects is growing rapidly!

Climate Change

Cyberinfrastructure Enabled Science

Cyberinfrastructure is a First-Class Tool for Science

Four LHC Experiments: The Petabyte to Exabyte Challenge

ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCBHiggs + New particles; Quark-Gluon Plasma; CP Violation

Data storedData stored ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; CPU CPU 0.30 Petaflops and UP 0.30 Petaflops and UP

0.1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 100.1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 101818 Bytes) Bytes) (2007) (~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments(2007) (~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments

Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regionsX-ray, optical, infrared, radio

Carbon Assimilation

CO2 CH4

N2O VOCsDust

HeatMoistureMomentum

ClimateTemperature, Precipitation,Radiation, Humidity, Wind

ChemistryCO2, CH4, N2Oozone, aerosols

MicroclimateCanopy Physiology

Species CompositionEcosystem StructureNutrient AvailabilityWater

DisturbanceFiresHurricanesIce StormsWindthrows

EvaporationTranspirationSnow MeltInfiltrationRunoff

Gross Primary ProductionPlant RespirationMicrobial RespirationNutrient Availability

Ecosystems

Species CompositionEcosystem Structure

Watersheds

Surface WaterSubsurface WaterGeomorphology

Biogeophysics

Ene

rgy

Wat

er

Aer

o-dy

nam

ics

Biogeochemistry

MineralizationDecomposition

Hydrology

Soi

l W

ater

Sno

w

Inte

r-ce

pted

Wat

er

Phenology

Bud Break

Leaf Senescence

HydrologicCycle

VegetationDynamics

Min

ute

s-T

o-H

ou

rsD

ays-

To

-Wee

ks

Yea

rs-T

o-C

en

turi

esComponents Of Terrestrial Biogeoscience

Gordon Bonan

Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

Field Equipment

Laboratory Equipment

Remote Users

Remote Users

High-Performance Network(s)

Instrumented Structures and Sites

Leading Edge Computation

Curated Data Repository

Laboratory EquipmentGlobal Connections



A Single Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland



UARC Interface

team chat

dynamic work rooms

Real-time ground instruments Archival data Journals

instrumentscomputational models

an

no

tati

on

Se

ssio

n r

ep

lay





Evolved into a Facilities Network (global instrument)



UARC Patterns of Communication



Vignettes from UARC/SPARC Shared, tele-instruments

& expertise. Rapid response,

opportunistic campaigns. Multi-eyes,

complementary expertise. Isolated instruments to

global instrument chain. Cross-mentoring/training. New & earlier

opportunities/exposure for grad students.

Enhanced participation. Legitimate peripheral participation.

Support for authentic, inquiry-based learning at UG and pre-college level.

Distributed data analysis workshops

Session re-play for delayed participation.

Data-theory closure. Living specification to stretch

visions.



Preparing for the Revolution (ITFRU)

Both available at www.nap.edu



Comprehensive & synergistic view of ITFRU



Some Issues Feedback loop between advanced computation and need

to interdisciplinary collaboration, data and model federation. Activities can use 4 different variations of same and

different, time and place. What activities in a knowledge process fit best where?

“Distance matters” but technology can make it “better than being there.”

Functional completeness; thresholds for adoption. Potential for capture and mining of process, not just output

of a collaboration. Educational needs; educational impact.



“Borromean Ring*” teams needed for successful KES.

*Three symmetric, interlocking rings, no two of which are interlinked. Removing one destroys the synergy.

Disciplinary,multi-disciplinaryresearch communities

People & Society

Social & Behavioral Sciences

Computer & Information, Science& Engineering

Iterative, participatory design; collateral learning.



Are we at a special point in time?

• digital convergence• structured• processable



“Virtual” definition 1. Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual

fact, form, or name: the virtual extinction of the buffalo. 2. Existing in the mind, especially as a product of the imagination. Used in literary criticism of a text. 3. Computer Science Created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or computer network: virtual conversations in a chatroom.



“Virtual” usage notes When virtual was first introduced in the computational sense, it applied to things simulated by the computer, like virtual memory

—that is, memory that is not actually built into the processor. Over time, though, the adjective has been applied to things that really exist and are created or carried on by means of computers. Virtual conversations are conversations that take place over computer networks, and virtual communities are genuine social groups that assemble around the use of e-mail, webpages, and other

networked resources. •The adjectives virtual and digital and the prefixes e- and cyber- are all used in various ways to denote things, activities, and organizations that are realized or carried out chiefly in an electronic medium. There is considerable overlap in the use of these items: people may speak either of virtual communities or of cybercommunities and of e-cash or cybercash. To a certain extent the choice of one or another of these is a matter of use or convention (or in some cases, of finding an unregistered brand name). But there are certain tendencies. Digital is the most comprehensive of the words, and can be used for almost any device or activity that makes use of or is based on computer technology, such as a digital camera or a digital network. Virtual tends to be used in reference to things that mimic their “real” equivalents. Thus a digital library would be simply a library that involves information technology, whether a brick-and-mortar library equipped with networked computers or a library that exists exclusively in electronic form, whereas a virtual library could only be the latter of these. The prefix e- is generally preferred when speaking of the commercial applications of the the Web, as in e-commerce, e-cash, and e-business, whereas cyber- tends to be used when speaking of the computer or of networks from a broader cultural point of view, as in cybersex, cyberchurch, and cyberspace. But like everything else in this field, such usages are evolving rapidly, and it would be rash to try to predict how these expressions will be used in the future.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.



How do we make the virtual more real?

Documents

Some Background for our Deliberations Daniel E. Atkins Professor of Information and EECS University of Michigan Ann Arbor [email protected] Symposium on