Some Some Some Some of Zahra> 's Law (Peace be upon of Zahra> 's Law (Peace be upon of Zahra> 's Law (Peace be upon of Zahra> 's Law (Peace be upon Her) Her) Her) Her) VOLUME 2 VOLUME 2 VOLUME 2 VOLUME 2 (Her Speech in the Mosque) (Her Speech in the Mosque) (Her Speech in the Mosque) (Her Speech in the Mosque) By Grand Ayatu By Grand Ayatu By Grand Ayatu By Grand Ayatulla> h Sayyid Muh} ammad lla> h Sayyid Muh} ammad lla> h Sayyid Muh} ammad lla> h Sayyid Muh} ammad al al al al- -- -Sh> ra> z> Sh> ra> z> Sh> ra> z> Sh> ra> z> (May Alla> h hallow his secret) (May Alla> h hallow his secret) (May Alla> h hallow his secret) (May Alla> h hallow his secret) Translated by Salim Rossier Translated by Salim Rossier Translated by Salim Rossier Translated by Salim Rossier In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate Praise be to Praise be to Praise be to Praise be to Alla> h, Lord of Alla> h, Lord of Alla> h, Lord of Alla> h, Lord of a aa all the Worlds ll the Worlds ll the Worlds ll the Worlds And May Alla> h bless Muh} ammad and And May Alla> h bless Muh} ammad and And May Alla> h bless Muh} ammad and And May Alla> h bless Muh} ammad and h hh his is is is g gg good and ood and ood and ood and p pp pure Family ure Family ure Family ure Family And the Curse of Alla> h on all And the Curse of Alla> h on all And the Curse of Alla> h on all And the Curse of Alla> h on all t tt their enemies heir enemies heir enemies heir enemies In the Name of Alla> h, In the Name of Alla> h, In the Name of Alla> h, In the Name of Alla> h, t tt the Merciful, The Compassionate he Merciful, The Compassionate he Merciful, The Compassionate he Merciful, The Compassionate Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O t tt truthful ruthful ruthful ruthful m mm martyr artyr artyr artyr Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O p pp pleasi leasi leasi leasing, ng, ng, ng, w ww well ell ell ell- -- -p pp pleased leased leased leased o oo one ne ne ne Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O e ee excellent and xcellent and xcellent and xcellent and p pp pure ure ure ure o oo one ne ne ne Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O h hh houri in ouri in ouri in ouri in h hh human uman uman uman f ff form orm orm orm Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O p pp pious and ious and ious and ious and c cc clean lean lean lean o oo one ne ne ne Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, ou, ou, ou, y yy you who is spoken to, who knows ou who is spoken to, who knows ou who is spoken to, who knows ou who is spoken to, who knows Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O o oo oppressed ppressed ppressed ppressed o oo one and ne and ne and ne and o oo one whose rights we ne whose rights we ne whose rights we ne whose rights were usurped re usurped re usurped re usurped Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon Peace be upon y yy you, O ou, O ou, O ou, O o oo one who was suppressed and overpowered ne who was suppressed and overpowered ne who was suppressed and overpowered ne who was suppressed and overpowered Peace, Peace, Peace, Peace, m mm mercy and and ercy and and ercy and and ercy and and b bb blessing of Alla> h be upon lessing of Alla> h be upon lessing of Alla> h be upon lessing of Alla> h be upon y yy you, O Fa> t} ima, the ou, O Fa> t} ima, the ou, O Fa> t} ima, the ou, O Fa> t} ima, the d dd daughter of the aughter of the aughter of the aughter of the Messenger of Alla> h Messenger of Alla> h Messenger of Alla> h Messenger of Alla> h a aa al ll l- -- -Balad al Balad al Balad al Balad al- -- -Am Am Am Am> n p278 > n p278 > n p278 > n p278 Mis} ba> h} al Mis} ba> h} al Mis} ba> h} al Mis} ba> h} al- -- -Mutahajjid p711 Mutahajjid p711 Mutahajjid p711 Mutahajjid p711 Bih} a> r al Bih} a> r al Bih} a> r al Bih} a> r al- -- -Anwa Anwa Anwa Anwa> r vol 97 p19 > r vol 97 p19 > r vol 97 p19 > r vol 97 p195 Ch 12 h} 5 Beirut ed. 5 Ch 12 h} 5 Beirut ed. 5 Ch 12 h} 5 Beirut ed. 5 Ch 12 h} 5 Beirut ed. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 11 Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima's speech in the Mosque ................................................... 14 The Istih} ba> b and Wuju> b of Passing on Oral Traditions.............................................. 18 Passing on this oral tradition....................................................................................... 18 Women passing on oral traditions............................................................................... 20 The taking on board [tah} ammul] by a child who is able to tell the difference between right and wrong [al-mumayyiz]................................................................................... 21 Defending wila> ya......................................................................................................... 22 Publicly declaring the truth......................................................................................... 22 Agreeing on something false ....................................................................................... 23 Upsetting Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).............................................................. 23 The illegality of taking by force and of confiscation.................................................. 23 Caring about the matter of Fadak ............................................................................... 24 Demanding the return of a right and exposing despots .............................................. 25 Coming to the aid of the truth..................................................................................... 25 A woman's demanding her right back ......................................................................... 26 Confronting tyrants generally ..................................................................................... 26 Demanding one's right straight away.......................................................................... 26 Women's duty to cover up........................................................................................... 28 The unlawfulness of displaying ornamentation .......................................................... 28 The istih} ba> b of women's wearing the khima> r ............................................................. 30 Pulling the khima> r securely round their heads ............................................................ 30 Owning a khima> r ......................................................................................................... 30 Putting the khima> r on at home.................................................................................... 31 Winding the khima> r around under the jilba> b .............................................................. 31 Covering the whole body............................................................................................. 32 Women going out ........................................................................................................ 33 Women going out accompanied by other people ........................................................ 34 Going out alone or with a group.................................................................................. 34 Setting off with people one knows.............................................................................. 35 H{ ija>b and clothing ....................................................................................................... 36 A woman's aba> a......................................................................................................... 36 Ample garments........................................................................................................... 36 Covering up thoroughly............................................................................................... 36 Following the Messenger of Alla> h's example (may Alla> h Bless him and his Family) in everything .................................................................................................................... 37 Walking calmly and with dignity................................................................................ 37 Women going into mosques ........................................................................................ 39 Setting out cases in mosques....................................................................................... 39 Setting cases out in public........................................................................................... 39 Hearing cases in mosques ............................................................................................ 40 Making use of dissemination of information centres.................................................. 41 A woman walking in on a place where men gather together ...................................... 41 Direct Pressure............................................................................................................. 43 Publicly exposing......................................................................................................... 44 Proving something to the public ................................................................................. 44 Demanding one's right in the presence of others ........................................................ 44 Speaking out about the truth to various classes.......................................................... 44 A curtain between men and women ............................................................................ 46 Sitting down in the mosque......................................................................................... 47 Letting men hear their voices...................................................................................... 48 Hearing a woman's voice ............................................................................................. 48 Crying over a dead person ........................................................................................... 48 A woman's crying loudly ............................................................................................. 49 Crying over the loss of a Mas} u> m (peace be upon them)............................................ 49 An oppressed person crying about the oppression he is suffering .............................. 49 Crying over an oppressed person's crying ................................................................... 51 Crying over a distraught person's crying..................................................................... 51 Starting one's speech with what gets souls ready ....................................................... 52 A word about the best conditions................................................................................ 53 Commencing what one does by mentioning Almighty Alla> h..................................... 54 Teaching people to commence what they do by praising Alla> h................................. 54 Beginning with Dhikr Alla> h out loud.......................................................................... 54 Putting praise first after the Basmala.......................................................................... 55 The istih} ba> b of the opening's containing Glorification of Him (al-Thana> alayhi) .. 56 Blessings upon the Messenger and his Holy Family (peace be upon them) ............... 57 Starting to cry again when the deceased is remembered again .................................. 58 Not interrupting a distressed person's crying.............................................................. 59 Paying attention to the listener's emotional state....................................................... 59 Praising Almighty Alla> h again.................................................................................... 61 Thanking Almighty Alla> h............................................................................................ 62 Glorification of Almighty Alla> h.................................................................................. 63 Mentioning what one is praising Him for or what one should praise Him for ........... 63 Remembering Almighty Alla> h and praising Him when calamities follow one after the other ............................................................................................................................. 63 An oppressed person turning to Almighty Alla> h ........................................................ 64 Bestowing good upon everybody ................................................................................ 65 Initiating grace and beneficence.................................................................................. 66 Completeness and perfection of favours ..................................................................... 67 Bestowing blessing...................................................................................................... 68 Pouring blessing continuously..................................................................................... 68 Showing inability to enumerate the blessings ............................................................ 69 Remembering that the blessings are infinite............................................................... 69 The impossibility of reward for the blessings ............................................................. 70 Inability to comprehend the blessings......................................................................... 71 Seeking an increase in blessings.................................................................................. 72 Looking after blessings................................................................................................ 72 Giving thanks per se and some examples of giving thanks ........................................ 72 Wa>jib or mustah} abb praise of Alla> h............................................................................ 74 Discussion on the declaration that there is only One God.......................................... 76 Alla> h's Oneness and His Ah} adiyya.............................................................................. 78 The istih} ba> b of saying out loud that one bears witness.............................................. 78 Emphasising beliefs ..................................................................................................... 79 The istih} ba> b of beginning with the declaration of faith ............................................. 79 Baptism by Alla> h......................................................................................................... 80 Sincerity in belief and action....................................................................................... 81 Alla> h's Oneness in the depths of the heart .................................................................. 83 Not being able to see or describe Alla> h....................................................................... 84 The prohibition on thinking about Alla> h's Dha> t ......................................................... 85 The istih} ba> b of thinking about what Almighty Alla> h does ........................................ 87 His Power, Almighty is He.......................................................................................... 88 His Will, Almighty is He............................................................................................. 90 He who is Completely Free of All Wants ................................................................... 91 Flooding others with good for its own sake................................................................ 91 The difference between h} a> ja [need] and fa> ida [benefit] ............................................ 92 Divine Wisdom............................................................................................................ 93 A reference to the reasons for Creation....................................................................... 93 1. Showing and establishing wisdom.................................................................. 93 Alluding to the Reasons behind Creation ................................................................... 93 2. Guidance towards obeying Him, Almighty is He ........................................... 95 Manifesting His Ability............................................................................................... 96 3. Manifesting His Ability, Mighty and Sublime is He...................................... 96 4. Being a slave of Alla> h, Almighty is He........................................................... 97 Showing servitude to Almighty Alla> h ........................................................................ 98 Educating people on the state of servitude ................................................................. 98 The unlawfulness [h} urma] of worshipping anyone else apart from Alla> h.................. 98 Exalting His Invitation.............................................................................................. 100 Explaining the reasons and aims ............................................................................... 100 The Goal: Edification of Mankind ............................................................................ 101 Reward for obedience ................................................................................................ 102 Punishment for breaking the law............................................................................... 103 Protecting the slaves from exposure to divine chastisement.................................... 104 The disobedient in the Afterlife ................................................................................ 104 Leading the slaves to Heaven.................................................................................... 105 Broaching the subject of the philosophy of reward and punishment........................ 105 Believing that he is the Prophet (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) .................. 107 Saying the second declaration of faith...................................................................... 107 Testifying that he is a slave (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) of Almighty Alla> h.................................................................................................................................... 108 Believing that he is a slave........................................................................................ 108 The second declaration of faith................................................................................. 109 Explicitly stating and showing one's lineage ............................................................ 109 Telling people about one's parents' merits ................................................................ 110 The merits of the Messenger (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) ....................... 111 The Divine choice of the Greatest Messenger (may Alla> h bless him and his Family).................................................................................................................................... 111 Characteristics exclusive to the Prophet (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) and to the Ima> m (peace be upon him) .................................................................................. 112 Characteristics of the wukala> of the Mas} u> m> n (peace be upon them) and their followers .................................................................................................................... 113 Naming him before he was born................................................................................ 115 Some of his excellent qualities (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) .................... 116 The Almighty's Knowledge....................................................................................... 117 What Alla> h described Himself with.......................................................................... 117 Bringing to mind The Almighty's Comprehensive Knowledge................................ 119 Complete subservience .............................................................................................. 119 Completing His Plan.................................................................................................. 121 Executing the Almighty's Decree.............................................................................. 122 That which is ordained by Alla> h to be inevitable ..................................................... 122 Breaking away from the Truth .................................................................................. 124 Seeking information about the state of nations ........................................................ 125 Worshipping fire and idols ........................................................................................ 126 Denying Alla> h in spite of knowing Him................................................................... 128 Illuminating the darkness .......................................................................................... 129 The bright light.......................................................................................................... 129 Explaining the goals of the Prophetic Mission ......................................................... 129 The measure of how much a person truly follows the Messenger (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) ................................................................................................... 130 Explaining conundra.................................................................................................. 131 Removing veils .......................................................................................................... 132 Guidance through practice......................................................................................... 133 Delivering people from ghawa> ya............................................................................... 134 Making them see through their blindness ................................................................. 135 Guiding them to the proper religion.......................................................................... 136 Taking the Straight Path ........................................................................................... 137 Al> (peace be upon him) is the Straight Path........................................................... 138 Truly thou wilt die, and truly they will die............................................................... 140 Alla> h's Mercy towards His Messenger (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) and His choice ......................................................................................................................... 140 His desire (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) to meet Almighty Alla> h.............. 141 Desire of that ............................................................................................................. 141 Reminding people of his outstanding traits (may Alla> h's bless him and his Family).................................................................................................................................... 142 Putting up with harassment on the Path of Alla> h..................................................... 143 Alla> h's compensation................................................................................................. 146 The nearness of the Powerful King ........................................................................... 147 Reminding people about the position of the Prophets (peace be upon them) and of the believers, in the Afterlife..................................................................................... 147 Forgiveness of sins..................................................................................................... 148 Praying for one's father.............................................................................................. 149 Blessings upon the Prophet (may Alla> h bless him and his Family).......................... 149 The One Entrusted, the Chosen One......................................................................... 151 The Infallibility of the Messenger of Alla> h............................................................... 151 The trusted Prophet (may Allah's bless him and his Holy Family) .......................... 152 Praying for the Awliya> and for the pious................................................................. 153 Saying: "Peace be upon you" to the deceased........................................................... 155 Talking about the dead's good points........................................................................ 156 Sending blessings upon the dead............................................................................... 156 What is meant by turning.......................................................................................... 157 Alla> h's slaves.............................................................................................................. 158 What one ought to remind others of ......................................................................... 159 The slaves' responsibilities ........................................................................................ 160 1: Obeying His Commands and abiding by His Prohibitions ............................... 160 2: Carrying the banner of Religion and Revelation............................................... 161 3: Protecting one's self and being entrusted with it .............................................. 163 Other masa> il ............................................................................................................. 163 4: Propagating and guiding the nations................................................................. 165 Generations to come.................................................................................................. 167 The Qura> n is the za> m [leader] ............................................................................... 169 A leader of Truth ....................................................................................................... 170 The Holy Qura> n is a Divine Covenant..................................................................... 171 The Qura> n is unaltered............................................................................................. 171 The Qura> n is Alla> h's Khal> fa on Earth..................................................................... 175 The Truthfulness of the Qura> n................................................................................. 177 Pursuing Truthfulness................................................................................................ 177 Divine Light............................................................................................................... 179 The Qura> n is Light and a Beam............................................................................... 179 Guidance and direction for people............................................................................. 180 The insights are indisputable..................................................................................... 182 The probative value of the literal meanings of the Scripture ................................... 182 Who are the followers of the Qura> n? ....................................................................... 184 Following the teachings of the Qura> n...................................................................... 185 The Unlawfulness of following something other than the Qura> n ........................... 185 The responsibilities of the Leader ............................................................................. 185 Listening to the Holy Qura> n .................................................................................... 186 Competing priorities of listening and reciting.......................................................... 187 Getting others to listen.............................................................................................. 187 The kara> ha of making oneself too busy to listen ...................................................... 188 Reflecting on the Holy Qura> n .................................................................................. 188 Recitation in a nice voice is moving ......................................................................... 190 Deducing pieces of proof from the Qura> n................................................................ 191 The prohibitive decrees and positive obligations of the Qura> n............................... 192 Not doing things which are forbidden [al-muh} arrama> t] ........................................... 193 Specialising in the Verses containing laws ............................................................... 193 Consulting mufassir> n................................................................................................ 194 Warning against things which are forbidden ............................................................ 194 Relying on clear evidence.......................................................................................... 196 Calling to virtues ....................................................................................................... 197 Learning what is allowed [al-muba> h} a> t]..................................................................... 198 Comprehensiveness of law ........................................................................................ 198 The Qura> n and laws [ah} ka> m shariyya] ................................................................... 199 The wuju> b of abiding by Alla> h's Laws...................................................................... 199 Cleansing the inside................................................................................................... 201 Reasons behind laws.................................................................................................. 203 Believing in Alla> h...................................................................................................... 204 Guiding polytheists.................................................................................................... 204 Cleansing of the impurity of shirk............................................................................. 205 Broadcasting the ah} ka> m............................................................................................ 205 Belief comes first....................................................................................................... 205 Kufr is like shirk ........................................................................................................ 206 The rule for waverers and doubters ........................................................................... 206 The desirability of s} ala> t............................................................................................. 207 Freeing oneself........................................................................................................... 207 Arrogance................................................................................................................... 208 Zaka> t is without exception desirable ........................................................................ 211 Purification for the soul............................................................................................. 211 Causing a growth in rizq............................................................................................ 213 Caring about worldly affairs...................................................................................... 214 Spending .................................................................................................................... 214 Fasting and the philosophy behind it ........................................................................ 215 Sincerity in worship and elsewhere........................................................................... 215 The obligation of H{ ajj and its divine goals............................................................... 217 The strong building of the religion............................................................................ 218 Types of justice and injustice.................................................................................... 219 Examples and manifestations of justice.................................................................... 220 Bringing hearts together............................................................................................ 221 The duty to obey Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)................................................ 222 Obedience to them (peace be upon them) is a cause for order.................................. 223 Protection of the protectors of the Shar> a................................................................ 224 Believing in the Imamate .......................................................................................... 226 Breaking away from the Path of Alla> h...................................................................... 226 Striving to achieve their actual rule over us ............................................................. 226 Jiha> d on Alla> h's Path ................................................................................................. 228 Strengthening Isla> m is wa> jib..................................................................................... 228 Steadfastness ............................................................................................................. 229 Striving to be worthy of recompense and reward ..................................................... 230 The duty to enjoin what is right................................................................................ 232 Taking the public interest into account .................................................................... 233 Explaining the Ah} ka> m............................................................................................... 233 Kindness to one's parents .......................................................................................... 235 Making one's parents angry....................................................................................... 235 Maintaining close relations with one's kin................................................................ 237 Cutting off relations .................................................................................................. 237 Striving to prolong one's life ..................................................................................... 238 Having a lot of children............................................................................................. 239 The right to qis} a> s} ....................................................................................................... 243 The philosophy behind Isla> mic punishments ............................................................ 243 The necessity of avoiding bloodshed ........................................................................ 244 The obligation to fulfil vows..................................................................................... 246 Exposing oneself to Alla> h's forgiveness.................................................................... 247 Being honest with weights and measures ................................................................. 249 The prohibition on drinking wine.............................................................................. 251 Drugs.......................................................................................................................... 253 Avoiding filth ............................................................................................................ 253 The unlawfulness of slander and insulting................................................................ 255 Avoiding malediction ................................................................................................ 258 The unlawfulness of stealing..................................................................................... 261 The duty to be adorned with decency ....................................................................... 261 Manifest and latent shirk........................................................................................... 263 Levels of taqwa> .......................................................................................................... 265 Seeking to increase one's taqwa> ................................................................................ 266 Dying as a Muslim..................................................................................................... 268 A good outcome......................................................................................................... 268 Borrowing from the Scripture ................................................................................... 269 Obedience to the Almighty Creator .......................................................................... 273 Fear of Alla> h .............................................................................................................. 274 Extolling the virtue of the position of the ulama> ................................................... 275 Sources....................................................................................................................... 278 Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction In In In In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful, The Compassionate Praise be to Alla> h, Lord of the Worlds and Blessings and Peace be upon Muh} ammad and His Holy Family and the Curse [of Alla> h] upon all Their enemies. There are seven kinds of defence just as there are seven kinds of attack, no matter whether they are legitimate such as those carried out by Prophets or Executors (Peace be upon Them), ulama> or pious from among the male and female believers or illegitimate such as in the case of tyrants and criminals, although it is possible to come up with more or fewer kinds by looking at it a different way. One: Political via agitating or applying pressures through focal points and centres dedicated to agitation and other things such as putting the appropriate person in the appropriate place or agitating on account of that legitimately or the opposite of that illegitimately. Second: Economic, through various kinds of material support for the front of truth, or falsehood, or, economic sanctions, whether against the side of truth like the People of Makka's economic sanctions against People of Mad> na and like stealing Fadak, or, conversely against falsehood, like what the Messenger (Alla> h's Peace and Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) did to one of the trade caravans belonging to Quraysh confronting them with like for like.1 Third: Social by ostracising as the Messenger (Alla> h's Peace and Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) did2 to the three who were left behind3 and as the Abba>sids wrongly did to the Holy Imams (Peace be upon Them). Fourth: Military with weapons like in the Messenger's (Allah's Peace and Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) defensive wars on the side of Right and vice versa in the case of the forces opposed to the People of the Truth. Fifth: Emotional, through weeping and crying as Ahl al-Bayt and the Ima> ms (Peace be upon Them) did at numerous points especially Ima> m Sajja> d (Peace be upon Him) after the martyrdom of Ima> m H{ usayn (Peace be upon Him)4 and were able through it to show right from wrong. Sixth: Cultural, through spreading awareness, knowledge and culture by various means. People of Truth spread virtue, piety and truthfulness and guide people to truths. The People of Falsehood spread corruption, lies and deceit. The Almighty said: "Everyone acts according to his own disposition"5 1 See Li Awwal Marra f> al-Ta> r> kh vol 1-2 by the same author 2 See Li Awwal Marra f> al-Ta> r> kh vol 2 pp169-175 The Battle of Tabu> k under the heading al-Mutakhallifu> n an Tabu> k 3 Qura> n 9:118 4 See Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 45 p149 Ch 39 h} ad> th 1 which says: "The Sayyid reports that al-S{ a> diq (Peace be upon Him) said that Zayn al-A< bid> n (Peace be upon Him) cried for His Father H{ usayn (Peace be upon Him) for forty years, fasting during the day and standing in prayer at night. When it was time to break the fast His servant would bring His food and drink and place it in front of Him and say: "Eat, Master." He would reply: "The Son of the Messenger of Alla> h was hungry when He was killed. The Son of the Messenger of Alla> h was thirsty when He was killed." He would repeat that over and over again and cry until His food would be wet from His tears. Then His drink would become filled with His tears. He carried on doing that until He met His Maker, Mighty and Sublime is He. 5 Qura> n 17:84 Seventh: Environmental6 by preparing a suitable environment by marrying off young men and women, banning bars, gambling dens, brothels, places of entertainment and dancehalls and replacing them with suitable, wholesome alternatives, or, setting up corrupt environments as wrongdoers do in every time and place. Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (Peace and Blessings upon Her) took up the methods of defence to show right from wrong via: 1. Emotional methods, such as crying and so on. 2. Cultural methods such as Her speech (Peace be upon Her) in the mosque and to the group of women who came to look after Her on Her sickbed in Her house. 3. Ostracising in Her lifetime because She did not allow the two "elders" to visit Her7. She said: "Get away from me"8 and after Her death by instructing that Her funeral procession [tashy> ] and burial rites be carried out in secret and that Her Holy Grave be hidden9. 4. Agitating to get the People of Right's right back through speeches, through applying pressure10 and so on11. In what follows we shall set out Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> 's speech (Peace be upon Her) in its entirety along with some of the furu> and ahka> m which can be derived from it along the lines we set out in detail in the introduction to H{ ad> th al-Kisa> 12. 6 This may come under political or one of the other sections. However his mentioning it falls under the heading of mentioning the specific after the general on account of its importance or for another reason covered in the study of rhetoric 7 See Awa> lim al-Ulu> m wa Mustadraka> tuha> : volume on Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (Peace be upon Her) vol 2 p829 Muassassat al-Ima> m al-Mahd> (May Alla> h hasten His Reappearance) edition, Qumm al-Muqaddasa, citing al-Ima> ma wa al-Siya> sa: "And so Umar said to Abu> Bakr: 'Come with us to Fa> ti} ma's because we have made Her angry,' and so they set off together and asked if they could go in to see Fa> t} ima. She did not grant them permission to enter so they went to Al> and spoke to Him and He brought them in to Her. When they sat down before Her, She turned Her Face towards the wall. They greeted Her but She did not reply to their greeting." See also Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 28 p303 Ch 4 h} ad> th 48 which says: "When the two elders asked permission to go in and see Fa> ti} ma, She said to Al> : 'The house is Your house and the Freewoman is Your Wife,' and then She closed Her veil and turned Her Face towards the wall. She said: 'I implore the two of you by Alla> h. Did you hear the Messenger of Alla> h (Alla> h's Peace and Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) say, "Fa> t} ima is a piece of me and so whoever hurts Her hurts me,"?' They said: 'Yes.' And so She lifted Her Hand up towards Heaven and said: 'Oh Alla> h. They really hurt me and so I complain to You and to Your Messenger about them. I swear by Alla> h, I will never be pleased with the two of you right up until I see my father the Messenger of Alla> h and tell Him what you have done. He will be your judge. 8 Awa> lim al-Ulum vol 11 p467 Ch 20 h} ad> th 1 Second Edition and Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 43 p160 Ch 7 h} ad> th 9 9 See Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 78 p390 Ch 10 h} ad> th 56 which says that Fa> t} ima (Peace be upon Her) said: "I instruct You in relation to Myself: When I die, wash Me with Your own Hands, apply h} unu> t} to Me, wrap Me in a kafan and bury Me at night. Don't let so-and-so and so-and-so see Me "; Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 43 p214 Ch 7 h} ad> th 44: "Oh, Al> . Apply h} unu> t} to Me, wash Me and wrap Me in a kafan at night time. Pray for me and bury me at night and do not tell anyone." See also Ilal al-Shara> i vol 1 p185 Ba> b al-Ilat allat> min ajliha> dufinat Fa> ti} ma alayha> al-sala> m bi al-layl wa lam tudfan bi al-niha> r. 10 Like her going around to forty companions 11 This is part of political and environmental defence according to the classification set out. It may also be economic as far as Her demanding Fadak is concerned (Peace be upon Her). As for military defence, that would not have been in the best interests of Isla> m and the Muslims as the Messenger instructed (Alla> h's Peace and Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) 12 See Mawsu> at al-Fiqh: Min Fiqh al-Zahra> alayha> al-Sala> m vol 1 We alluded to some of the evidence of the authoritativeness of the speech in the first volume.13 We also mentioned some of the evidence for allegiance to Her (Alla> h's Blessings upon Her) being incumbent upon the whole of Creation including the Prophets (Peace be upon Them).14 Alla> h grants success and He is the One to turn to for Help. The Holy City of Qumm Muh} ammad al-Sh> ra> z> 1414 AH 13 We will also talk about it in footnote 22 14 See Min Fiqh al-Zahra> alayha> al-Sala> m vol 1 pp10-17 Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima's Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima's Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima's Pure and Righteous Fa> t} ima's Speech in the Mosque Speech in the Mosque Speech in the Mosque Speech in the Mosque15 15 15 15 ~-V 4- ')-- -- >~- ')--- -='- -- _-- ,-- ;- -= '-- - >~- ;)--- -'-' Q- -'-~'- >~- --- Q~=- Q- =--- ~ _-- ' '-= --- = _-~ = ;~ -~- ')--~- ,=- '- ')-;- '=- ')-;- '~- ')---= Q- -- - ~--- ')-'--=- ~---~ ')-- ; ,-- '~- V Q-,=')-- Q- -~= - ; ,-- - _-- ~-= _-= -' '---'- ')- ;-- Q)= - ~ - ;- ~~-=- >- ')- ~=- . Q-=-- -'- . >~- --- '--- = --=- >-- ~=--- ;)- ;- - ;-- -~- Q-~ _ -= -- ~-)- ;- '- = ;~ _--- '- ;-~- '--- ;)-'-- - ;-- ')-> >~- ')--- ~-'-- : " ' --- ;- ;-- Q- -- '-- '- -- ;)- '- _-- ,- ~- - ;- '- _-- = --=- '~=( Q- ;= 'V Q-- '-- '-~ V' ;-~ - _-- ')-,='- _->=- _- --=-~ ')-'~ - V ,- ~-'- ')- ,-~ V ;)- -- ' -- ( Q- '-- ' -- ,=- Q- '- ' -- _- - --'')-'-- . ')-;-- ,--- - '- ')-;~;- ;--- Q -~ ')--'- >= ( J= -- - 4-,~ V - -= = V - V -)~ . '~- ( Q- ----- Q~- V Q- -- - --- ' V Q- --~ . ' - --- ')- ; ')---- --- --= >- ''~- ')--- ' ~ Q- V '-~ V --- --'- V ')--;-- _- -- ='= ,-- Q- - -~-- ,- - - ,-- - -- - --- ')= --'= _-- ')---- ---=- '----- V ' ,-;~- - - -- Q- - '-- '- --~- _-- '-- ~ --'= _-- ; -- J= ;- - ;- -- - -= _- -- ~'-= -- . _->=- --- J-- -'-=~ ---= J-- -'-~ -~ J-- -=-- - '-= -;~ - --- -' --- = _-~ - -=- - -)~ ~--'- -;-- - ,- ; -- ;=- ='= ;- V J-!-- _-'- = Q- '--- - ,-- -- -')-- -;~- J-' V ,-~- -;--- ---- . _-- --,- - ,-V '-'-- _-'- = --- --= ,- '--- '-- --= '~- . ')-'-,- - = ,--- ')-'- V --'- ')-,-- _-- '- -- ')-'- - '- ,- ;- V ,- . Q- ~~ ')--= -' --- = _-~ - -=-- = '-'-= ')-)- ;--- ;'- ;-;-- Q- -- _- ;- -'-- Q- ; , ~- -;- Q- ; --- --)-'- '-- - '- ')--- '~- V Q- _- ;---~-- _-, =- _- . - -- -- = ~-- ;- -- '--= - '-- ;~ ,-V -->--'- ~= -- = - -- - - ~- Q- -' --- = _-~ --=- '-=- 4--- '=- '-- ,- . -- --- - _-- = _-~ --~ = ;- _-- - --- > ~- -' ,- = -= . Q-=-- J _- ~---- ;- ~-'- : ;-- _= ;--- ;- V _- - '-- ;-~-- _-- = '-- -= -- --= -)- - ,- ~~- = '-- ;-- -- -)- ;--- = ;---- ')--=-~ --- ;--- - . -~--- - ,-'~- - -- - >- '-~- ='~- ; -- '~- ',-- _='-- = '- --'- -'-~ - =--- - ,;= - -=-- - ,-,~ ~ '= -- _- ;- -'-- ;~ ,- _- - -'- . , ~--- --,- ;--- = == '-- --;;-- ~= ----- --'~- --'-- --,- --'=- -'- -- -=-- - '=- -;---- -,~ . =- >= >- '----- '- ~- ,- - '-- Q- --- -,- ' ,- ,--- Q- ;-- ')- ,-- > ~- , ~- Q- ;-- ,-)=- '--( = J=-- Q- --- ---~- ,=V '=--~ _-- -;- ,- ~- >~>- ,- ')=- -,-- Q- '-'- '---'- ---- '-'=- '---'= ;---- '--~-- --'- Q- --;- ,- -'-- =-~- ,--'- ,-V '~-,- - --'- '- ;- '- --- '-~= '~-- --- '--- '= V -~ == ~- Q- - Q- ')- ,-- ,-=- ,~ Q- ) -- Q=--- ,--- Q- ;-- J--'--- --;- ,---- -, ~- ,- - -- Q- '-'== --- '--= Q= , --- '-'=- . --;- ,-'- - '~>= , ~- = ,= ] ;--~- ;-- V Q-;-- V -'-- _= = ;- -'- - '--- = ;-= -- ;')- - ; , -'- ] - '-- Q- = _~=- '- - '--- . 15 We have quoted this speech word for word from Awa> lim al-Ulu> m wa Mustadraka> tuha> ) volume entitled Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (Peace be upon Her) vol 2 pp652-697 Published and checked by Muassassat al-Ima> m al-Mahd> (May Alla> h hasten His Reappearance), Qumm al-Muqaddasa ;- ~-'- : '-- ') - ! -- V '=-- ;- '- ;- V -- ;- ;- -' --- = _ -~ - -=- - -='- - ;--- '==~ J- '- : ] ---;-= Q---;--'- ;---- -,= ; --- '- --- ,-,- ;-~-- Q- ;~ ; '= -- Q- '= ;--'~- - - -=- -;- ,- - ,- '--- ;-- ;--'= -' --- = _-~ -- , . ;)-'='- -=' ;)=-- '- '~ Q- ,~-- = -- Q- >-'- - --'- '- '~ -'~ ,- ---- '-~ V ,~-- -~=- =-;-- --=-'- - J--~ _- '-- ,-~ =-~ Q- J- -- ,-- _-= ,- -- ; - -=- ,)- _ -= ')- ~-- ~- ,--- --- ~ -=- '- -- =-~ '= Q-='- ~- _~'-~ ~~ ,= Q- -- ;-- _=- ~=- Q- _=- ,-- - >=( ---- ;-)- '- ;-'--- ,=- ;- ,~- --V =;- >=- ~-- -'=- ,)- '~- --- '-- Q- ,-= '-~ _-- ;-- '-=- --- Q- ;- Q--~'= - ] ;--;= Q- ' -- ;-- ==-- ;-'=- . -- J ,- ,- '- '= ,- ;)-- -- -- - - '---- -- -' --- = _-~ - -=-- _-'- '-- = ; ---'- '- ] '- -- '- - = ''-= ,=-- ')-)- --=- ~-='- ')='-~ '=- _ -= ---- >- ')-;)- - -'= -- Q- ,~-- Q- ,-'- ,- '=- ~-- ,- ;=- --- --~- Q-- Q- -'- - ;-- '= ' -=- '=~'- , -~- -- '-- --~ -- ;~ Q- '-- ,- = ,- - -)-=- -- - - ;-- ,- -- '-- ;~ - ,-- ;--' ;)'- ;- '--- --- ,-- , -- --- ;~--- '-= V ; . J-'= -- Q- '- ;=' _=- Q- -- '--= J-~ '- -- --~= ;--- ,)= -'--~ '- -'--- ---- -- '-= ' --- _--- - Q- -- V Q--=--- . Q-==>- -- ,-- Q---=-~- - ;- -- ;'--'- ;-- '--' - ,- Q- ~ '=-~- -= ;--'~ ,- - ,==- . '-'-= ; -= ;- ;-~)--~ ;- --- ,--- '-- ;~ ,- J- --- '-- ,=- ~-= ;--- ~-,- -)- - ;--,~ ,-- ;- ;--- ,-- ;--~ ;- '-'~- ;'--'- ;-~-= ---- ;= ;--- ] - V Q- ,-'--'- =-=-- ; -)= ;=-~ ---- . - =-V - ,= ,'- ->- , -'-= ,'= - ;- ; ,)= Q-- -- '- ;--;- _- ;-- ~- ;--- ')-)- - , ;--=- - ,-- -- ,- -- -- ; ;)= -;--- -= -- =~ ] V -- Q---'=-- Q-- ] ; -- J--- Q-- '-- >~- ,-- --- Q- Q- ,~'=- Q- ,=7 - . ;- ;- '-)- ;--=-~- ')- ,-= ;= -)- ')- -- ;- ;--= ;- ' '-- Q-~- ')- ,-- Q-~- ~- V ;---- ~- - -- Q-~ '- -=- Q- -- ;- '-= ;- '=- ~- ,-~- , ~- ,-=- - - -- - V ;~-- '- - ;~= ,~- - '-- V ;--,- ;-- '~=- - '- ~- ,= --- ,= J-- _-- ;--- ] ;-- --'=- ;-=- ;--;- ;-- '--= -- Q- Q~= Q- >- --- _ - -='~- Q- ~-' ;-- _-=- _-- ;--- . -'=- - Q- '- -- _-- ~-- ;--~-- ')- ! V '- ,- -- '- - - ] ' - ,- '--~ ~-= --- -- '- ;- ,- --- _-- ;-- ; ;)= -;----- : ] '---~ '- >~- '-)--- '- , Q- -=- ,-= Q- -- '--- '- ] - - ~ '-- 4- -- Q ;-- ' Q- ,- -- ,- '- : ] -- '- - -- _- ;)~- '=V ;- '- : ] Q---- V == J-- ,--- ; V - -- ;-~;- '- : ] -~ ;- ,-= ,- Q-- --- _-- ' -= ,--'- Q-- ,-'- Q- --;-- '---- ;= V - Q- V - ;== '- ;--- ! -!- = ;- ~=- ~- '- ;-- V Q-- -- J ;-;-- J - ')-- ,= -= -- J Q- - '- ~ ! Q- - Q- -;-- ',-- ;~=- ;-- ;-- -;=,- -;==- ')-- -- -- . --;-- - -=- ;-- ,- = ;-=- ;-- ,~= ;- '--- ;---- V ,~=- '- -'~- --- -'--- ;- --- ] ;--- -- --- J=- -,=- -- --'- Q- ;--- ;~ ,--~- '-- J-- ~-'-- '~-'- ;=- ')-,=- ~- ;- : '- >~ '- '~- --- '~- ---- ,~'- ! ' '- -->= Q- - ~- -= - ,--- - - '- ;-- - -' --- = _-~ = ;~ )) : - -- - =-=- ,-- (( - ;-- -= '- '-,~ ~-= '- _-- ;- '= '-- -'= ;-- -' >= ! -' --- = _-~ - -=- '- ;-;-- ! ---- '- ~--= -- _--- --- ,)--~ - ~;-~ J--= ~==- ;= -- ~-~ -'-- --- -,=- ~-- ;- ,=- -~ '-=- ~~= '-!- - ---~-- . - '- ')--- V _-=- --~-- ,--- -'-- = 4---- -='- --'- V = '- ')- Q- - - '-- J= - -~ = '---'- J= '- ---- '-'=- >- '=,~ '-'- ;-=-~- ;'~-- - ;----- - ;-= '~- J~- ;-= : ] Q- ~-= -- ;~ V - -=- '- = ,~- Q-- ---- _-- ~---- Q- ;--'-- _-- ;----- J-- '- '- J~ ,- --- Q-,'~- = ,=-~ '--~ . --- -- ')- ! - -~- -- ,-- ;-- -- ,- ;~ -=- --- ! V -- -- ;-- ,-=- ;---~- ;- -- ;-~--- ;--- >- =, ~- ;---'- ;--=- >- ;- -- ;---;- -=- > ~- ; --- ;-- > ~- ,-=-'- ;- ,- '---'- ;-;~;- ;-- ,--= - - ,-=- ~-=-- - - -= -- ! - >- ;)-- ;-=-' ;- V ;-=='- ~ -- --- ;-- -=- ,- ;---'- ; ,-'- ;= ,-- ,- ,)- ;- - ,--- ,-- --= 4-( ;- ~--~ , ~- ,- ~~= '- V ~-= >~( _= '-- _ -= ,--'-- '=- _~;-~ '--( -- ;- ,~ --( -- ;-~-- >-( -- ;- ,~ '--- -- ;-,= _-'- Q- -- ] ;)-'-- ;--- '-;- ;--'-- V- ,- ; -- ; ;~ ,- ,='- ; - Q---;- ;-- -;~=- _= ='- ;;~= . ;-==-- ~-'- _- ~- Q- ;-;=- - --'- ;-;-= --- =~--'- _= ; Q- ;--- -=- _- ;---= -- -- V ;-~ ;--- '- ;-- ;~- - - ] ---= -- = '- '--= V - Q- ;-- ,--- '- . -- ;-- ,-'= - - --=-'- -- - ,- _-- ~-- '- ~-- -- V ,~-~ -- ==- - --- - ~- -- '--- ;= =-- --- Q- -- ~-- ') --- ;--;-- ')- . --- ,) =- ,- ';---='- ';--- --'-~ = ~~- -;~;- '- --'- ~=- ---'- _-- - =- - - --;-- = '-- -;~;- --'- . ;--- '- = Q--- ] ;--= Q- - - ;--~ ;----- ---~ -- -- Q-- ;-- ,- -- -- '- ] - '- ;---'- ,=--- '- ,=-- ;--' " . ;- Q- -~- ,- _-- 4- -' --- = _-~ ---- = '- ~-'=- J-='- Q- -~-- ' '-- -V--~ V ---=- '=-'- = - -= ')->=- - ,,- - ;--- '- '-- Q- >--- Q-- -'=~- JV -, J~- Q- '-- --'~ '- ;-,-- ',-- '-' --- Q-- ;- ,=7 ,=- --=- V'-->- J----- Q- ;=- _=- Q- --V V -- - ;)-= '-- _-- -V;-' - ;- '--- ;)-= ;)--~ _-- J--- '-- >~- ;)--- ~--- -=- ;---- ;--~- - ---=-- -'~,- Q= ~--- J ,~- -- Q---~-- ,- ,---- --= Q- --='- -= -- 4- J ' . =~- ,-=V -- ;-~- =;=- >-'- -' --- = _-~ ;~,- -=~ - -- Q-- ,---- J-'- --= ~~--- '~-( -'= '- ,-~-- 4- Q---- '--- '-- ;)-- ;-,- --'=- _- '- ~=~ Q- ;=,-~ '- ;)- ~--- --- J Q- >~- - ... _- ;-'-= -- >~- --- '-( -- ;- ,-- -V -,~-- -'--- - >~- --- Q---;-- ,-- J-= ~- - ;~;- -'- =~ --- ---=- ---- '-- ')- ;-)- V - =-~- _- ;~;-- -;---- ,=- -=-~- Q- >~- --- '--- '- '~- ;)--- ;- ---;- -- .. -- -- '- ~-= ')=~ ')---= '-~ ')-~ ,~-- _)-- -- ~=;- ~-- ;-~ >~- ')--- ,,- ~-- '=-- ~- '- 4--- ->~- 4--- -,= Q- _- -'~('- ')--- JV ')- ')-;-=-- ,,- -- ' -- -~=;- ,--- ;-~- Q- V ,-- V ~-- 4-- Q---'--- Q--- -- Q- ;)----- ;- ')-- ;~'--- '-=- Q- ;)--- Q- _- ,~- 4-- ---V --= '~ Q- _=- --- ' --- - V _=- ;-=- --,~-- ~---- J;)--=- ;)--~ Q- ;V . -, ;- -;- ;-- V = _-'- Q-- >~( =-- ----~-- '-,~- -=;- Q- -= ==- ;~-'--- V Q--- _-'-- ,-- '=- '~'-- - -,- >-)- ,-'-- Q------ --'- >~( -~ '-= _- _~- Q- J-- '~,--'- ~-- ;)--~ ;)-'-- Q-,'=- --V == ,,- --- == - . '-- '--- Q- = --- ,--;- ')-'='- : -;=- Q---;--'- ;- ' --- = ;~ -- '- '- '--=- '-'-- '--- '--- Q- ,-'-- _-- '--= '- '--, ';- -=- V ;-~= ,- J - - --'~ ;--= J _-- - ,-' >='- 4--- '= '~ -- '- -'--= -'- ,- ,-- ;--'- -~ J '- ;-~-- V --~ J '- ~- '---'~- -=- _- '-- - ,-=- _-- ;-=---- ,-=- ;- - =- -' --- = _-~ = ;~ - - '~ -- ,-= '- '---'- ,-= - - 4-;- - - '~ ;-- -' --- = _-~ = ;~ -- '- = 4--~ Q- -~- V 4 -= Q- ,- ,-- 4--- ;- - --'~ (( : - V '---'- ,~'- Q=- ; --=- -- ;-=- '- -- ,-'- - ;-- -= Q- '-- ' '- ;- -- ;-- --=- ~--- ;- '- - '-- V V ~- V '- .)) -- - -- '= '- '--= -- '=-- ;- ,-- --'=- '--- -'=- ;--~-- - J-'-- > ~- , . ---~ ;- -= - ,-- ;- Q---~-- Q- '-='- 4- --- -- ,- ' '-- . -'= - - 4-~- Q- 4- '- --- V 4---- -- =- ,= ~- 4-- - - -~ ~- 4- ,= -- V 4-- ,-V 4- -- Q-- 4- -'-- ~--- '--- --'- 4--= 4-~ 4-,- Q- ~;- V -' --- = _-~ '- 4- - ~-'= Q-,- J)- - >~- ')--- ~-'-- :" = '=-~ ! ;--- - ,- - -- ' J- '--'=- -'-='- V '- '~ = '- Q- -' --- = _-~ = ;~ ' '- - ;~ -'-= - J-;- Q- - - '-- --~ -'- -- - ,-'- --- V>-- -- _- ;-=-- . >~- '-='- V-- '--= = '- - ;-- : ] ;-- ' Q- ,- -- ,- ] -~ '-- Q- '- ,--- -,-- Q- ,~ '~- V Q- --- '--- J= ,- Q --- Q--=--- -- '- '- ( , -- == > Q-,-'- - ')- ~- -= -- ] ~ J- '-~-- = J--= ,-~- ,- ;-~-- ;-- ~- ; ;-~- '- _-- ,-- ;- '-- : Q-- Q- -- Q -= ,- -)- Q=;- --=- -- ~- --- ~- -~ -;~ = -~ V 4-;~ -- V ==- ;)~ 4--- ; ,-'-~- V ---~- V ,-'-- ,-- -= '- -= ;)-- '- -'- - --- '- -- -- 4--- --- ;--~-- V; 4-'== ,-- ." ~----'- ~-'- > ~- ')--- -='- :",~'=- _---- J-- _-- -~-- J='-- J-- _- - ,~-- '-- ,~'- ] _-- ',-- , - --- >- ')-'-- ;)-;-- --'-- Q- ;-'~ '- ;--;-- _-- J- > ; ;-,~ '- '~ ;-- '- '- Q--- ; '~- ;--~- -='- ;-~-- -- '- ,~ -=-- _ = _ ,~- - '- '- '=- ;-- ~~ >-- -- >--- --=- ] - ;-- -- ;-~-=- ;-;-- ;- '- ;- - Q ] 4-'- ,~= ;-=--- " ~-'- -' --- = _-~ - -- ,-- _-- ~-=- ;- : -- --- '-- -- ' ````````` -- ;- ' -'~ ~- ;- ~==- ,- ')-- V --- '---- '- ````````` ;--- -- ;-)~'- 4- ;- J-= - ,-- _-,- - J J ````````` ,--- Q-- V _-- - ( --- ; -~ ;=- '-- '= -- ```` ````` , -- 4- ~-'= ~-~- '-- '-- ~=-~ '= '--- )=- ````````` ~~-- V J --- '-- - '~-~- ;- -- ~- ````````` ~--- ,- Q- ,-- 4--- '- J-,-= ' '-~-;- '-7 ````````` ~=-=- ,-=- J-- --- --- '-- '~ ;-- ' 4--- ~--- ````````` ~--- 4- ~-'= ~-~- '-- Q=~ ,- ;- '-- '-- '- ````````` ,- V ;=- V - ,-- Q- ;- --- ')-;-= -=-- -- ')-;= - ;-- >~- --- Q---;-- ,-- >~- ')--- '--- . -- ')- ,--~ ' --- --- Q---;-- ,--V ~-'->~- : ~-'= - Q- '- ! -- Q--=- --~ ~---~ Q-- =- ,== ! -- - --=- - ,--- -'=- - Q- - ,- V Q- 4-'=- -= V - '- ~~-- - -- ---- -'~= - ,)= --- -- ~- ,~ -- -- -=' ~= ,= -'- V - >- ')-,= - -'-=- ~ ~- ')-~ ,=')-- ' ,~- --- --~-= _ -= -> -= -'-= V >='- ~--- V >-'- ~-- '- , -- ~~ ,-- '- -- ~~ ,-- -= ~~ ;- . - - - -- J-- ~- ---- . ,--- '--'= 4-- '- '- 4-- = . J - >- -~- ~ --- '- '~ . - _- -- - _- ;-~ . -= V;= ;- -~ ~- ;)-- >---- '~'- . " >~- --- Q---;-- ,-- '-- : Q- )-)- 4--'~- J- ;- 4--- J- V '== V -- Q- ~-- '-- ;--- --- ;- ~- -- '- -= = -~-='- 4-- =- '-- J~- 4- -- '- ;-'- 4--- ;-~- 4- ,- --- Q---,- ~- '- --- ~-'-- : ~-~- = -~= . In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful and Compassionate Abdalla> h ibn al-H{ asan on the authority of the tradition that he had based upon the authority of his Forefathers (Peace be upon Him) states ,=' -=' - -- - >~- ;)--- -'-' Q- -'-~'- >~- --- Q~=- Q- =--- The Istih}ba>b and Wuju>b of Passing on Oral Traditions The Istih}ba>b and Wuju>b of Passing on Oral Traditions The Istih}ba>b and Wuju>b of Passing on Oral Traditions The Istih}ba>b and Wuju>b of Passing on Oral Traditions Masala: It is mustah} abb to pass on all kinds of oral traditions: those pertaining to beliefs, matters of law, matters of ethics, literature, history and so on. It may become wa>jib because it is wa> jib to preserve the Prophet (Allah's Peace and Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) and Ima> ms' legacy (Peace be upon Them) even if they are about mustah} abba> t, makru> ha> t and muba> h} a> t generally. The Mas} u> m> n (Peace be upon Them) used to encourage Their companions to pass on and spread knowledge and culture16 just as They Themselves used to do so on a grand scale. This oral tradition is one of the most important examples of that. We alluded to some of this discussion in the first volume of this book.17 Passing on this oral tradition Passing on this oral tradition Passing on this oral tradition Passing on this oral tradition Masala: It is mustah} abb to pass on this speech per se, for a number of the Mas} u> m> n (Peace be upon Them) passed in on.18 It is possible that passing on this speech may sometimes be wa> jib for reason of what we stated above,19 for reason of its falling under a number of other categories20 which dictate wuju> b or istih} ba> b. This speech meets with approval. The Holy Ima> ms (Peace be upon Them) and luminaries from among the good people would pass this speech on to each other, teach it to each other and teach it to their children generation after generation.21 It is accepted in terms of its chain of narration because it has met with the approval of the As} h} a> b and the Ulama> age after age which is proof that it is mutabar by the standard of the reasonable man and its shuhra riwaiyya is very great22 in addition to 16 See Munyat al-Mur> d by al-Shah> d al-Tha> n> (May Alla> h hallow his secret) 17 See Mawsu> at al-Fiqh (Min Fiqh al-Zahra> alayha> al-Sala> m) vol 1 p54 18 Ima> m H{ asan, Ima> m H{ usayn, Ima> m Sajja> d and Ima>m Ba> qir (Alla> h's Peace and Blessings upon Them); see Awa> lim al-Ulu> m wa al-Maa> rif wa al-Ah} wa> l wa Mustadraka> tuha> vol 11 p478: volume entitled Sayyidat Nisa> Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> alayha> al-sala> m. Published and checked by Muassassat al-Ima> m al-Mahd> (May Alla> h hasten His Reappearance), Qumm al-Muqaddasa 19 Briefly in the introduction and in detail in the first volume 20 Such as al-amr bi al-maru> f wa al-nahy an al-munkar and ih} qa> q al-h} aqq wa ibt} a> l al-ba> t} il and because it is covered by instructions such as "and admonish their people" [Qura> n 9:122] 21 For example Ibn Ab> al-H{ ad> d says in Sharh} Nahj al-Bala> gha vol 16 p252 Second Edition 1967: He (i.e. Zayd ibn Al> ibn al-H{ usayn) said to me: I saw the elders of the Family of Ab> Ta> lib pass it (i.e. Fa> t} ima's words (Peace be upon Her) when Abu> Bakr confiscated Fadak from Her) on from their forefathers and teach it to their children. My Father told me about it on the authority of my Grandfather who heard Fa> t} ima utter it. The Sh> a elders have also passed it on and taught it to each other etc. 22 Alla> ma Majlis> (May Alla> h hallow his secret) said in Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r: "Know that this speech is one of the speeches passed on by the kha> s} s} a and a> mma by chains of narration which all say the same thing". [According to al-Rah} ma> n> : 381]. Alla> ma Ardab> l> said: Both friend and opponent report it [Kashf al-Ghumma vol 1 p479]. Obviously what he (May Alla> h hallow his secret), Alla> ma Majlis> (May Alla> h hallow his secret) and al-Murtad} a> (May Alla> h hallow his secret) said is by no means inferior to the probative value in the eyes of reasonable people of transmission from one trustworthy narrator to another. Some of what Ibn Ab> al-H{ ad> d reported Zayd ibn Al> ibn al-H{ usayn (Peace be upon Him) as saying was mentioned above just the same as it is reported that Sayyid Murtad} a> (May Alla> h hallow his secret) said: This speech in this form has been passed on along various chains of narration and by many important personalities. Whoever wants to can find them in the appropriate place. In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful and Compassionate Abdalla> h ibn al-H{ asan on the authority of the tradition that he had based upon the authority of his Forefathers (Peace be upon Him) states ,=' -=' - -- - >~- ;)--- -'-' Q- -'-~'- >~- --- Q~=- Q- =--- Alla> ma Sharaf al-D> n (May Alla> h hallow his secret) said: The salaf from among the descendants of Fa> t} ima passed on this speech at that time to those after them and afterwards they passed it on to those after them from hand to hand until it reached us. We, descendants of Fa> t} ima, pass it on from our forefathers and our forefathers passed it on from their forefathers. The same applies to all generations going back to the time of the Ima> ms from the Progeny of Al> and Fa> t} ima [al-Nas} s} wa al-Ijtiha> d, al-Mawrid 7 footnotes to pp106-107]. Al-Masu> d> narrated it and so did Ibn T{ ayfu> r in Bala> gha> t al-Nisa> as well as others. Awa> lim al-Ulu> m wa Mustadraka> tuha> on Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (Peace be upon Her) vol 2 pp698-700 says: Majlis> (May Alla> h bless him) said: Further, know that this speech is one of the famous speeches narrated by the kha> s} s} a and the a> mma via concatenated chains of narration: Abd al-H{ am> d ibn Ab> al-H{ ad> d said by way of commentary on His letter (Peace be upon Him) to Uthma> n ibn H{ unayf upon mentioning the oral traditions on Fadak: Section One on what oral traditions and biographical accounts have been passed on from the mouths of ahl al-h} ad> th and their books, not from the books of the Sh> a and their rija> l. Everything we include in this section is from Abu> Bakr Ah} mad ibn Abd al-Az> z al-Jawhar> 's book al-Saq> fa wa Fadak. This Abu> Bakr al-Jawhar> is an a> lim and great muh} addith, trustworthy and pious, praised by muh} addithu> n. They have passed his own publications and other people's publications on from him. He then said: Abu> Bakr said: Muh} ammad ibn Zakariyya told me that Jafar ibn Muh} ammad ibn Imara said his father said that H{ asan ibn S{ a> lih} said: Ibn Kha> la> t [translator's note: this makes no sense a son of maternal aunts but in any event Sharh} Nahj al-Bala> gha says rajula> n two men] from Ban> Ha> shim told me on the authority of Zaynab daughter of Al> ibn Ab> T{ a> lib (Peace be upon Him) and said that Jafar ibn Muh} ammad ibn Ima> ra said: My father told me on the authority of Jafar ibn Muh} ammad ibn Al> ibn al-H{ usayn on the authority of His Father (Peace be upon Him) and Abu> Bakr said Uthma> n ibn Imra> n alUjayf> told me on the authority of Na> il ibn Nujayh} on the authority of Amr ibn Shimr on the authority of Ja> bir al-Juf> on the authority of Abu> Jafar Muh} ammad ibn Al> (Peace be upon Him). Abu> Bakr said Ah} mad ibn Muh} ammad ibn Zayd told me on the authority of Abdalla> h ibn Muh} ammad ibn Sulayma> n on the authority of his father on the authority of Abdalla> h ibn al-H{ asan that they all said: When Abu Bakr's decision to confiscate Fadak from Her came to the attention of Fa> t} ima (Peace be upon Her), she wrapped round Her Khima> r and approached with her lady companions and servants, Her train dragging along the ground, Her manner of walking no different from that of the Messenger of Alla> h (Alla> h's Blessings upon Him and His Holy Family) until she walked in on Abu> Bakr who had gathered people from the Muha> jir> n and Ans} a> r. A white curtain was put up between Her and them one of them said a Coptic [curtain]. they say either Qibt} > with an "i" or Qubt} > with a "u". She then let out a lamentation, which made the people assembled there weep loudly. She paused for a long time until they had quietened down after their emotional outburst and then said: I begin by praising He who is most worthy of praise, ascendancy and glorification. Praise be to Alla> h for that which He has bestowed and thanks be to Him for all that which He has inspired. He made reference to a very long speech at the end of which She said: So fear Alla> h as He should be feared and obey Him in relation to what He has commanded you to do and so on to the end of the speech. Here ends what Ibn Ab> al-H{ ad> d had to say. Al> ibn I> sa> al-Irbil> cited the speech in Kashf al-Ghumma. He said: "I quoted it from al-Saq> fa by Ah} mad ibn Abd al-Az> z al-Jawhar> from an old manuscript read to its aforementioned author in Rab> al-A< khir of the year three hundred and twenty. He narrated it from his rija> l via a number of chains of narration that when Abu> Bakr's decision reached the attention of Fa> t} ima and so on to the end of the speech. Al-Masu> d> referred to it in Muru> j al-Dhahab. Sayyid Murtad} a> (May Alla> h be pleased with him) said in al-Sha> f> Abu> Abdalla> h Muh} ammad ibn Imra> n al-Marzaba> n> told us on the authority of Muh} ammad ibn Muh} ammad al-Ka> tib [the Writer] on the authority of Ah} mad ibn Ubaydalla> h al-Nah} aw> [the Grammarian] on the authority of al-Ziya> d> on the authority of Sharaf> ibn Qat} a> m> on the authority of Muh} ammad ibn Ish} a> q on the authority of S{ a> lih} ibn Kaysa> n on the authority of Urwa on the authority of A< isha said: When the Messenger of Alla> h (Alla> h's Blessings and Peace be upon Him and His Family) was taken Fa> t} ima went in a group of Her lady companions to Abu> Bakr. The first riwa> ya says: A< isha said: When Fa> t} ima heard about Abu> Bakr's decision to deprive Her of Fadak, She wrapped Her khima> r round Her head, wrapped up in Her jilba> b and went in a group of Her In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful and Compassionate Abdalla> h ibn al-H{ asan on the authority of the tradition that he had based upon the authority of his Forefathers (Peace be upon Him) states ,=' -=' - -- - >~- ;)--- -'-' Q- -'-~'- >~- --- Q~=- Q- =--- the many qara> in, both maqa> liyya and maqa> miyya which testify to that, such as its being reported by the mukha> lif> n in spite of the many claims that it has not been reported by them, such as the strength of its content in many of its parts, or indeed throughout and such as its content's being in accordance with both us} u> l and qawa> id.23 Women passing on oral traditions Women passing on oral traditions Women passing on oral traditions Women passing on oral traditions Masala: It is mustah} abb for women to pass on oral traditions just the same as it is for men to pass them on for reason of the lack of any restriction within the evidential basis for doing so, because Sayyida Zaynab (Blessings upon Her) was among those who passed on this speech and because a Mas} u> m (Peace be upon Him) narrated it on Her authority,24 in addition to what She25 said and what She did (Peace be upon Her) being authoritative as we have set out in general terms. lady companions and women from Her people. The two accounts agree from that point onwards. The h} ad> th proceeds along the lines mentioned up to the point he says: She began Her speech by praising Alla> h Mighty and Sublime is He and glorifying Him and sending Blessings upon the Messenger of Alla> h (Alla> h's Blessings and Peace be upon Him and His Family). She then said: The Messenger of Alla> h came to you from among you etc. My comment: Other chains of transmission are coming up from Ah} mad ibn Ab> T{ a> hir's book. Al-S{ adu> q (May Alla> h bless him) narrated some of the paragraphs on the reasons behind the Laws in Ilal al-Shara> i on the authority of Ibn al-Mutawakkil on the authority of al-Sad A< ba> d> on the authority of al-Birq> on the authority of Isma> > l ibn Mahra> n on the authority of Ah} mad ibn Muh} ammad ibn Ja> bir on the authority of Zaynab bint Al> (Peace be upon Him). He said: Al> ibn H{ a> tim told us the same on the authority of Muh} ammad ibn Aslam on the authority of Abd al-Jal> l al-Baqa> t} a> n> on the authority of al-H{ asan ibn Mu> sa> al-Khashsha> b on the authority of Abdalla> h ibn Muh} ammad al-Mua> w> on the authority of men from His Household on the authority of Zaynab daughter of Al> (Peace be upon Him) on the authority of Fa> t} ima (Peace be upon Her). Al> ibn H{ a> tim told us on the authority of Ibn Ab> Umayr on the authority of Muh} ammad ibn Ima> ra on the authority of Muh} ammad ibn Ibra> h> m al-Mis} r> on the authority of Ha> ru> n ibn Yah} ya> on the authority of Ubaydalla> h ibn Mu> sa> al-Abs> on the authority of Hafs} al-Ah} mar on the authority of Zayd ibn Al> on the authority of His Paternal Aunt Zaynab daughter of Al> on the authority of Fa> t} ima (Peace be upon Her). Some of them said more than others. My comment: I quoted what they passed on in the third volume but I only cited the chains of narration here so that it can be known that this speech has been narrated via numerous chains of narration. Shaykh Muf> d narrated the poetic verses mentioned in it via the aforementioned chain of narration at the beginning of the chapter. Sayyid Ibn T{ a> wu> s (May Alla> h bless him) reports in al-T{ ara> if the point of complaint and contention of this speech on the authority of al-Shaykh Asad ibn Shafrawa in al-Fa> iq on the authority of the most venerated Shaykh according to them, the trustworthy H{ afiz} among them Ah} mad ibn Mu> sa> ibn Mardawayh al-Isfaha> n> in al-Mana> qib. He said: Ish} a> q ibn Abdalla> h ibn Ibra> h> m told us on the authority of Sharaf> ibn Qat} a> m> on the authority of S{ a> lih} ibn Kaysa> n on the authority of al-Zuhr> on the authority of Urwa on the authority of A< isha. Al-Shaykh Ah} mad ibn Ab> T{ a> lib al-T{ abras> cited it mursalan in al-Ih} tija> j as we have made reference to and made reference to some of its paragraphs in Maka> rim al-Akhla> q. 23 A lot of the discussion on the chain of narration of much of what She said (Blessings and Peace be upon be upon Her) already took place in the first volume so refer to that. Obviously everything stated above generates much greater faith in its authenticity than that which arises from a khabar wa> h} id 24 Ima> m H{ asan, Ima> m H{ usayn, Ima> m Ba> qir, Ima> m S{a> diq and others (Peace be upon Them) passed it on. A< isha also passed it on. [Sharh} Nahj al-Bala> gha vol 16 p249; Awa> lim al-Ulu> m wa al-Maa> rif wa al-Ah} wa> l wa Mustadraka> tuha> vol 11 p478] 25 i.e. Sayyida Zaynab In the Name of Alla> h, The Merciful and Compassionate Abdalla> h ibn al-H{ asan on the authority of the tradition that he had based upon the authority of his Forefathers (Peace be upon Him) states ,=' -=' - -- - >~- ;)--- -'-' Q- -'-~'- >~- --- Q~=- Q- =--- This instance is an example of that although there is something special about it. It is just that it is not the only one because it is an application of a general rule. That has already been discussed in the first section of the book.26 The taking on board The taking on board The taking on board The taking on board [tah} ammul] [tah} ammul] [tah} ammul] [tah} ammul] by a child who is able to tell by a child who is able to tell by a child who is able to tell by a child who is able to tell the difference between right and wrong [al the difference between right and wrong [al the difference between right and wrong [al the difference between right and wrong [al- -- -mumayyiz] mumayyiz] mumayyiz] mumayyiz] Masala: It can also be gathered from this riwa> ya that it is valid for a child able to tell the difference between right and wrong to take on board27 an oral tradition, and, that it is permissible to rely on such a person who passes oral traditions on after attaining majority, because Sayyida Zaynab's age (Blessings upon Her) when the speech was delivered was under the age of majority and some of the chains of narration of this speech end with Her (Blessings upon Her),28 even though no one can be compared to Her for They (Peace be upon Them) were fed knowledge.29 Ima> m Sajja> d (Peace be upon Him) said to Her (Peace be upon Her): "You are, Praise be to Alla> h, learned without having been taught and You understand without having been made to understand."30 However, in general, They are an example which has to be followed. What is meant by "no one can be compared to Them (Peace be upon Them)" is as far as Their merits are concerned, not as far as the same laws applying to Them and to Their sharing the same duties as a general rule is concerned, so give the matter some careful thought. It can be understood from this that what an adult reports of that which happened before he attained the age of majority is authoritative. It would not be surprising if a report by a child able to tell the difference between right and wrong [al-mumayyiz] were also authoritative31 because that is the basis upon which reasonable people operate, because of s> ra and for other reasons. It is not authoritative in the opposite case, such as if someone heard or saw during a period of lucidity and subsequently went insane and so on. 26 Vol 1 of Min Fiqh al-Zahra> 27 According to the terminology of ulama> al-dira> ya, waqt al-tah} ammul is the time when a person heard a riwa> ya or witnessed an event and waqt al-riwa> ya is the time when he passes on what he heard or what he saw in the past. 28 See Awa> lim al-Ulu> m wa Mustadraka> tuha> , volume entitled Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (Peace be upon Her) vol 2 p700 29 Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 45 p138 Ch 39 h} ad> th 1; al-Ama> l> by al-Shaykh al-Sadu> q p341 Majlis 55: Al> (Peace be upon Him) said: "Ask me before you lose me This is what the Messenger of Alla> h fed me." 30 Bih} a> r al-Anwa> r vol 45 p164 Ch 39 h} ad> th 7; al-Ih} tija> j p305 f> Khut} bat Zaynab bint Al> ibn Ab> Ta> lib bi H{ ad} rat Ahl al-Ku> fa which says: And so Al> ibn al-H{ usayn (Peace be upon Him) said: Aunt, You are, Praise be to Alla> h, knowledgeable without having been taught and You understand without having been made to understand. 31 On the whole When Abu> Bakr and Umar decided to confiscate Fadak from Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (peace be upon her) -- >~- ')--- -='- -- _-- ,-- ;- -= '-- Defending wila> ya Defending wila> ya Defending wila> ya Defending wila> ya Masala: It is mustah} abb or wa> jib depending on the situation to take matters relating to the wila> ya of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and of the Infallible Ima> ms (peace be upon them) seriously and to defend what is sacred to them. It is said that Isla> m is built upon five pillars: Prayer, Zaka> t, Fasting, H{ ajj and the Wila> ya of the Commander of the Faithful and the Ima> ms from his progeny (peace be upon them)32. That is why Sayyida Zahra> (Alla> h's blessings be upon her) performed those noble acts and took those difficult and fateful steps to defend the Ima> m (peace be upon him) to the point of becoming a martyr on the path to that end. This is one of those matters in which levels of priority are to be taken into consideration. If a matter is more important it is permissible even to become a martyr and it can sometimes be wa> jib, such as if the preservation of Isla> m depends on it and such as confronting bida [corrupt innovations] and so on33. If the survival of a person, per se, or of other things that depend on that person's presence are more important, going that far is not allowed. The same principle applies to what falls short of martyrdom such as being wounded, being beaten and so on in accordance with what the general rules dictate and in accordance with what the law of priorities dictates.34 Determining all that is up to the faq> h, marji taql> d, shura> al-mara> ji or sometimes even the individual himself depending on the situation35 as discussed in detail in some books.36 Publicly declaring the truth Publicly declaring the truth Publicly declaring the truth Publicly declaring the truth Masala: It is necessary to explain that Fadak was al-Zahra> 's property (Alla> h's blessings be upon her) just as it is a duty to believe that, according to what can be gathered from the contents of the speech and from the great importance al-Zahra> (peace be upon her) attached to it as can be seen from many pieces of evidence set out in their place because the Messenger (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) gave it to her within his lifetime by the Command of Alla> h, Exalted is He, as is said one in oral tradition after another [mutawa> tir al-riwa> ya> t]37 and by way of tafs> r of His Words, Exalted and Almighty is He: "And render to the kindred their due rights".38 It is narrated on the authority of Ima> m S{ a> diq (peace be upon him): "When this verse And render to the kindred their due rights was revealed, the Messenger of Alla> h (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) gave Fadak to Fa> t} ima." So Aba> n ibn Taghlib said: 'The Messenger of Alla> h gave it to her' and so Jafar (peace be upon him) got angry and then said: 'Alla> h gave it to her.'"39 32 Al-Ama> l> by al-Sadu> q p268 Majlis 45 had> th 14 33 See Mawsu> at al-Fiqh vols 47-48 Kita> b al-Jiha> d 34 See Mawsu> at al-Fiqh vol 48 Kita> b al-Amr bi al-Maru> f wa al-Nahy an al-Munkar 35 Such as its being a pure mawd} u> without external exacerbating factors 36 The author (may Alla> h hallow his secret) dealt with some aspects of this in al-Shu> ra> f> al-Isla> m and others in al-Fiqh: al-Siya> sa, al-Fiqh: al-Dawla al-Isla> miyya, al-Bay etc. 37 See Awa> lim al-Ulu> m vol 11 p433 Ch 10 h} ad> th 1 2nd edition; see also Wa li awwal marra f> ta> r> kh al-a> lam vol 2 pp39-40 38 Qura> n 17:26. Qura> n 30:38 says: "So give what is due to kindred" 39 Tafs> r Fura> t al-Ku> f> pp239-322 When Abu> Bakr and Umar decided to confiscate Fadak from Fa> t} ima al-Zahra> (peace be upon her) -- >~- ')--- -='- -- _-- ,-- ;- -= '-- Abu> Sa> d al-Khidr> said: "When the verse: 'And render to the kindred their due rights' was revealed, the Messenger of Alla> h (may Alla> h bless him and his Family) summoned Fa> t} ima and gave her Fadak."40 Agreeing on something false Agreeing on something false Agreeing on something false Agreeing on something false Masala: It is unlawful to agree on something false generally, and, under the heading of muqaddimiyya, anything which paves the way for doing so. It is even h} ara> m to increase the numbers of the front of falsehood with one's presence41. Upsetting Ahl al Upsetting Ahl al Upsetting Ahl al Upsetting Ahl al- -- -Bayt ( Bayt ( Bayt ( Bayt (p pp peac eac eac eace be upon t e be upon t e be upon t e be upon them) hem) hem) hem) Masala: It is unlawful to upset Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), to deprive them of their rights and to pave the way for that. Obviously the severity or weakness of the level of unlawfulness depends on the mutaalliq and so without a doubt upsetting Alla> h's H{ ujja upon the Earth is more unlawful and deserves more serious punishment than upsetting anyone else. That is why it is reported that he said (may Alla> h bless him and his Family)