Somesthesis and the Chemical Senses (1952)

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SOMESTHESIS THE CEMICA SENSES

B G R

etet o sychooy, esty o Rocheste Rocheste, e Yo

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hl h g o a o d og to o am o a am a a ma mdaoo ao pa wa pod b oa ) Fo bj vdo o vao d oo of am o pa a

o o dd bo a mmda ad a dad papo om vad om a pg gg ao o a padpdg po oao o dg a mo o am w dd o pod pa T dad appag a ama o w g oao wa vao dbd a pg gg gg g d ad ap a Sao o odwam ad p w

ad Wo ood ) mad a v d b ad ) o aa a o pma paga o T a

wa podd b avo g ma adao aad maoad o ma; om wa paga g om d aa paga owd ow od o maa adma m o do a) ad ao ao ad addao o pa pma aga wa mo adpoogd pa b o ag od wa a da o o m dvopm

ao ad k w aad b aam ood o

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a�n f h ha w md l y f fn fm a coa bwn h Oc f Nl Rch n h Un fh.

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106 WENDT

(66). Thy fu th ths w wy k p ui tha h cpo nvld. When tch a p phh w oe h a k u k ch rn ylgs s. Tck c coul be bos by bor k Tw ch, o rk h uwee tibe t h wo yps f pi r r h s. Th hssgs h h o o ch u m h c h spcor o mpss e cur ccu Ts, s hoh bp o mlo

I u Ebu B H (42) u sb mw, jc wt ot or co w 1 m!) l mpo bu u h h h jc

Cental mechnisms.-Kard 10) pu uu h m c h os aspect f h d. Se rshesa h lo o p s wks f ohs (h osp he bsos). Lh och h ouch, p s bcm p o he Lg och ws h oub e sms K co h s h cusifod i ma .

The pia eve of o v m o v

v 4 53 hma ce o sp cod j , he

e mu suce o s p Th h hcc sm ro pck w u o x o o ut h tety f h pp o cs s h v prcddd blw t e oac o h pp mb sm

c boo, P Rsss 134) smmz ccsosch v ped f ys o s ecc m sc xcss h h c cox h m h v h p h o coc ps Hwv vw o th u no qu m u mln, m o h rwr hs ccso s a eca oe.

Efcs f pt my.-Soi (15) po su b p o for eie o oo rp L Bu 9) eprd cy cora rea 9 46, d ow Me 14) alo eoed a 8 16 cae wee eeed l n he cae o faueRowe Moe u q op o h s ssccss Cs & Sca (101) ppe h b ms h Hd-WGo pp o r o

u l s ps s m ctbe F o h mp oao Th p th pon shw v hshos p. 948 ChRo Slomn p a im hsho o m hw

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OMETE E EMC EE

f adan ha pna by pan pad f lf fpyh yp n whh hy fud dad hhld Thy havnly pd (32 a fllwup udy f 3 f h pan af 3 24 h Th dad lan f pan wa n l pn a h f h d Kaybuhl ( lad lf f pa ppav pnay.

Eects of drugs-I w ud u f h adyWlGdll appaau pa al w f Wl al h f analg dug npa hhld ha b pd uhn ly (6 pad u 9 g f apn and 9 f phnabal and fud nglgblanal Mphn (6 g lvad h hhld n ub Th ah a advly al f h hd ud h alud Shap Mll (22 pad apn and plab adfund n ha hhd fllw ada f h dug ShwaSaa & Lal (8 ud pphal van n p panuul a an nda h anal f dug Mph dand d nd uuanuly dnally lvad plab dd n

, Quanicin pinTh ud a dub n h aduay f hhd ud by h gna f h ayWlGdll nqu Twf h uhn ly 6 and n Shap Mll 22 wd abv Clau Kng 33 al udd h lably f h hdn 3 uad ubj n h la{n f and nd hhdda, h fhad wa +9 h fa wa 3bw ava fhad ad avag fa wa ly 48 Thy fudha pal fa ndud ha da png hd andaa f dy ulad all nund h hld Oh ndn uha ag and duanal lvl f ub pbably al nbu d vaan

h whwhl ud hav bn dd a h pnal udyf nauall ung pan h by hhld ud b h qua

an a h Mll 9 dd a afully dd udy f pa du h h flln a ugal paTh hd ud h up ha h au f pa maud by h aun f mphn ( h pnal dug nay l Mph and unknwn nal du w alada h al du uv pan Alhugh ndvdual vaaw lh hy k h f f a nal dbun. Th vafl ha h aan wa ga ha fund pnally ndudpa Thy blv ha h hd nly adqua f

ud and agu f valdy h ha pa a uually pdud pally d pdu h pa f da aua and ha h hd ad any uay abu vadyThy ud ha palf a uh a "n "lgh "da and pl lf w unwabl and ha hy uld u

nly w aglf n lfI

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08

Galr ) ha drd a quattat thd r surg vsrl a thrshlds hdrstt stt th lr dut. I vlutr att, durg urga rat th dut, h udth thrhd t a r dstts r t

wtr Bth th hartr d th lazt r srd th a shwd varat Vg 5), u h utrttr ratd th trl rssur th utrus durg r tt t th artagtud utr r v rstg trtr lvl aut 2 . g wa attdd , whh rsd urthr r rssur ttts d t ar th tst utr wth adud utau a wr t drd uul au a th utra rs th thshd th a wa vtd

stud thr rlg tts wth trtl rt

ur Mullr ) gt uts lr t th drd v. Pr tur trt t sthal tratt) r r l thrts hd lvtd thrshd th r th rt d rat t rdat hat rdWlGdl aratu) tr rtth thshds r rt ad rat all thr rturd t thrl rg s dtrd gru arlgs w dd t hava

Miscellaneou.-Fdtv (47) rpt t u r dog (onlr hk r . ld t th h r shuldr) rad t trsd

r dg th aw t tug a f th aw f das attrutd ths t tvt th tutr dud trs.rhvkaa ) rrtd tht lgtud tv tuat had uh t us rr t thr r ur ws g Th h autd t ak dvt th a tr th thus d rrrt

TEMPETRE ETI

k' rvw ) th th w nk j xn

g conain good on utaus wr d ld sstsrd 76) a ha uh a rvw rt tud sgr t ht d ld, ll rt whh s dvtd t traturssts

ar vtgat tratur dut ad thra adutt hu k ws d sl ) wh ud ut thrtld t drt kw dth th th sur Bth wr tsld t th k ad ag r tratur wr us a tuTh rtl rut hkd wll wt hry

Wght ) has studd th lt ssts wrth s dtd rat t hua ut. s tuu wa rdatrg h u rt t r ry t st wa ut /s whl t thrshld th rt t rs t ut s Thr wasrud atal u !u\ rs t B tr

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OMEE D TE M EE 09

oo fom o of eo me g e eod e o e od es oud be oed. ou of 9 me e b of e d moe eve e m. I oe gou fo 7 u of 7 ubes

e egum moe sesve e esul egoFue evdee o e e exge eess o e e old dm esolds de vou evomel emeue fom Co C s oeed b Ebug & Tue 4 Wm esolds exesed mllloes e que emee e eod dd o ge sge o sube Cod eod emed eve o beo4C bu mos ed beee 3C d 4 Ts s bued o eee of vodo

Bg Soub () ed o f e oe of em oesse e

esose of e ed og fo old b gg e eml evoe ofe eeos Vous oeg d oleg sube ee eed e e se of muo o sfeed b oooes Resose evued b dg e umbe of old sos e o s Ae lole odued no stacy ig ef, bu h lor-n

emeoe fooe ee u o e e of e ue Te og e of ese ees ( o m e uzzgogme odued deese fooed b ese o 167 e e of vu oe o e oe d deeed od o b ou 5e e e uo beeved ese ees ee o seod oges blood essels o emeue bu ee de ees of esubses o e eeo o e oed eve be

A ed e eedg eo Ebug Bd & 2 oeed o d old e o e el boe mo of ee volueego eo o bu d g bu o emee sesos Summzg e of u of hum bal orx oe e oeNeuoog sue Peed Rmuse (14 oeed e oo emeue ese e o o o ee, o eeeed

OTER CUTANEOUS SENSESB udes o fog , bgood (74) obued o e oblem

of em medo of lo b smele subedom muo of ueou eves o o used eddeg of s ogue bu so oeou dges dug d fe muo. Te esus o o of ous dugs ee osse eoe of me medo

em (81) eseed deed se eos of e sex fe of fou meeg es omee od eo d o emg se

o fom e gels. Beuse oe of e fou eoed eelg exullexed fe e u, e oluded omee mul fom egels e esel fo eul ous.

Te bo b Peed Rmue 4 n oe ooglolo of e eeos o e bod sue o e eebl ol su

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a a vald lal ula u hua pa ad h f al . T lud ha h a pa a a h pal u luh au

uh of h ulad poi ld a w pra, ada la pal p val pal aa dd o fw pp la f pal u alhd all al a d pdu o he oa uae apa pa lk h daal pa h a pa al ula ju p vp av a fd h dalameary eao ere oaonay obaed rom o l al vaal f h p

a a w a aud aual p dv b Ad a eodar ae cv area ad apla f Wl ld Rau 3 a lk da al aa Sa wapdud a a ula a p faawa fm pa aa e pa f da rereeaof pa k h d eoy al aa f da wpaad h pa aa a ad u aa la vd wa ud o c tog mouth o

d Mu (3 apd ala u k f a u 3/6 ld Mu d l wda da a d a heagu da a d a ha up 3 pu eome pvl p gher equee Prae wa ea dguh f , c.

Jako (85 reeed ae reo w alaal du fva v fllw alaal d a a lvl

d aal ha f pa ad pau l O vdee led h oude ha he vra dad bpal p

ML RECEPTOS

Pi m im.Sva ud a lp la h ad u p mue pd ad edou ego muse Hu & u (3 4 hav dd a v darom aere (oer 700 u f vaou hdm mue Foow

Maw h dd p p ad T A u hav aow threhod ad eae dharge durg orao arulal whe h allwd d oao eeaa al eo, u ma ho dharge, howeer wa_ phd a u a lad h ul pdl Th ppd nd a all howed hgher hed

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M ND M N

t ttc, n t t c nc un cnttn Tn u pn u u b tu unn t nt m n b mk up but nt t tub nt t T b, knn, un

t b cu ncn t cntctn t muc pn n ncit utin t nt ic m tm m pinppnt t t u b ct n ntutput t. ppnt t, bn t b nnt nt uc pn T t tutn mnt nt un t n un cntctn t mn bu Dun t ti timuin nt i uinnttn t tt, pc n tnn u

Ktz , ptnt t n cnt u pn

in mu, ppnt n n ptnt Ant pk pc b b tpk pptnti n b nt tptnt micn uin T pptt u t ptt un ttc t uc ptnti ot bod by th whh h h pk. Wh uc , tnnt p ptnt cu

Mcu Din n t t pn n uit tn t p n n tn nck . T pt n t upp nt t nck, t tnt n tnt

ipt nt. Ti itt ctn pT pm utntc nbtn u un tn cntc

tn bn tui b Mu, Din & tt (16) n bnt 67 T m un t kn j bt t t nct, un t t cu b nbt b ct tmutn t t,uutnnu n cuu T ncu tt t tnn pn Gi t uc t nbtn n n t cpt knnn t nt u up nbt b tnn pn n t up Gnt un tt u tt nttn

cpnnt t quip puc inbitin n tnmu t p b ttn, u b pt) nbtn

b nt tnn t qup ntn p t nbt p t t tt nnptct ct

Central . 4 u n n tc tun mu ntctn. H un, 20 t 40 c t t nt tctm, ptnt n in t n mp,n t nt uu T pu tu t pt p b mu

nt n nin t tbiit t t pnt tnb n & nn ttn n nbtn pn mn u muc t ctc tmutn t t n cu b pcn t u nt u, b, n n nt ptn ut n btu n ntin n unnn n

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2 E

VIBU FUI

Rch o vu fuco h ho cod ch h Mo h hf of h c ud f o : cohyooc d hyc ud of h h co d du ud ofvu co o of oo c. h fo ud yh ucc of o Sd Ad, d Gd h h doo of ucc of oo k vv.h hv ud of h c of oyc o hu c fo o fc h od fo h cu h h o y d c cc couo.Wd' of vu fuo h Handbok f ExpimntalPsychlgy (166) d o 232 fc, co h ou cd h cou hoh1948. So o uo ou o h f 1940

PERIHERAL ECANSMS

Anatomcal tue s. W (2) cd o o huchod c d h c y , c, d ok oo xo of h yh, h coud dc o o Th cocudd h h h co ud o h doyhs e sue f e h u h o ky fod oc foood v

I v of h co oy of h ccu c dooh o, Myd (132 cocudd h h uoh of oh of h chc ., u co dd f cuou do. Th d o o oy d h foc dd y h ucu u fod oh uk hyohh h ovd couou dch of h d o du o h couou hydoc u of doyh

Vu (62, 163 64) u cod u d y h AGh fd hod h udd h yooy d du u

o h o hu o h u h d u cuu zo, h foud ycy ucu of h o c.Vu u fod h hoh h h cuu h co o hucuu hu chy y u of d oo h h yd o dco I hyooc udy of v hk, ch y u hd o dc x o ocuou ouch of h hu o h d of h cuu

Threshld studies-O h of x h 20 huo 69 odd h vu of 0 c h hhod of

co of oo H u 025 c hch chck fcoy h oh ud h u o ccu h foc c o hu, h foud o o h h hhod foc cvh udoy co G, & By 6 u y o h hhod dco hv uh ducd h vu h u

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SSTHESS AN HE CHECAL SENSES

eso to 0 per sec• y electric recors ro e veslr erve oh rog o (110) oi gr o 2 pr sc s he hrshol

Ation pnia .oesei Roers (119) exee heir

oror's sy o he lyrih o he hor ck ry o icl sileos sy o ricle scce ge ll ere o o respo siirly o erl o ore ilig o lier cceerios leigo e oclso tt er cos overlp Lo (10 1 2) hsppere s e cive ivesigor o vesir erve resposes i herog he i his igs corrspo o he lko resls o osei S o i o Ger see (1)] There is spoeosischrge rig res ihiie y roio i oe ircio speep y roio i e oher. poeos iscrge ro he rice s o

le lso by oio i oe irectio or he oter Accorig o Leox hesccle respo oly o virio (p o 550 cps) ig chllegey oher ork y De Vries et al. [see (40) elo. The ricle respoe oo virio grviy o icrophoics cio poeis roie G (0) hs o ppr prove ro recor o leerve is i he c h h cris o h sicircl cls respo osll cerigl orces This core erlier preicios y Do see() se o he c h he specic grviy o he cpl excees ho e eolyph

jor coriio o kolege o recpor io hs ee e yDe Vries Bleer (40) Their coriio oh experie eoreic is se o ro rcepor icrophoics (he cris eec)he e lyrit o e pigo ter estrtio s sile y soUer hese coiios er s lrge icrophoic poei ro hcris o h horio cl r esrio o h cochl. i srger h h orlly oie ro h coche he cris eec sgrees eee 500 900 c.p.s. I icrese i lir shio ih sopressr o iesiies h o ye lvee o ih hir os ise

oes ( 100 . The ico poics o te rclr cris o h ohr hleve o 70 . Th pr cris c sho h s phse ios o h so v o oh sies o he p This s ierpreeo e h he voge ere geere eee se op o he crisV yc (5 157) i rice see oy i sr is si o hveo opposi phse relios o ech si o he cpl i pigos Theseicrophoics e rece y peceig eosre to so tis tgeshos recovery The eericl respose o he cris s s rge or rgrh h o he cochl hor rir ss (1) sho h so

proces o vesilr reex respose il i is o 0 ove hreshoDe Vries & eeker (0) sggese h he sese cels i he cs re

so i s o o reso reily to lerg crrets ig reecesThe sigice o hes poeils ps o heher siir poisre gre rig rory ccelrios A riole is or or he

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4 W

ipoi h h mhism po simlio ms lilTh hshol o h cls is xcigly sll oly mhil procs iol h rgy ol b sib or lrg br o ss

clls ccoig o lclios ch cll ol i o o gylss h h o hrl o o molls so i is cssry ss mhism hih ocr his gy o lls lcrils hll io phs o lo rsisc r sh mhis

Meanal prnple of he c analsM (14) gi missilsgi Vris (8) physiis h m horicl xpril oribios o h hory o rpor cio h orm bsighis hoy o pblish ok o ohs vis ios or cio o hrcpos Th sigls iss by h cl os r popoiol o h

gl loiy o h sbs h b limis o h hrsol som pp lii o liiy b lo ppr ry liis.My cll h mgi o hs liis D Vis xprillyi hrshols o pio o oio (o sbjs) sig som000 sili o h rlio b rio (T) o h cclio h miimm prcpibl clrio () or h omii o Th ry o pcpio o roio s rmi H o hsoll Tl o b li oly or ry bi lrios o sc orss The thrsold se equed T e e s l s sc.

his ipli o Vis h h xiio o h ss ls os op oly o h isplm o h plRgoi & Sl (18) si h T rlio o h op o sibl

ysgms (bbis hms) sig rios rom 10 o 70 ms sigl clio 80° pr s As i D Vris hy o h bisrog lrios yil or spos or h sm T pro hi logr lss lrios

V gmo Gro & Jogks (1 mmbs o i srhgop i oll irpr h ilbl o y mos sshoig h h pll olp sysm c b cosi s osio pl i high g o mpig s s li iplsomr so log s cclrios ls lss h sc Th smll iios rom hoy ib o lg o i b cpl mpll

Usig h lcil mho o rcoig y mos ich pso h ooil poil ir Jg (94) plo h lio ool op o pimy ysgms o loiy o roio H clm hh mximm op s ch oio sps o 0° o 120 pr s h h igh sp 80° p s yil o im i op

Th prs i obs his g is coy o h sls o s y pblsh oorl issio o hs o lbooy byHy (8) i hih sprir oig mho s s h irig ic o hbiio p Hy obi li lioo ysgms op o sils ip (lociy) o h g ° p sco 80Q p sc

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SOMSTSIS AND TE CIL SNS 5

DeVies 9) expeimell eemie e psil oss(mss elsi esise mpig l eqe elsi limis) o heoolih ogs o sh. mes o x phoogphs he eoe ispleme o he oolhs e he iee o gvi eigl oe viio The ges iee osiel o he lge oolihs o he sle d o he smle oes o e ile lge e ies eseehe eios hi ese hese moios

ogees 89 ppes o hve lie he io o he sle i hei While hei emovl id o le evio espose o le eleio iee om oe e o he ohe s ede. he smll seell s pesse gis he eepos i he sle vigoos ompesomovemes ee evoked. i seel ll s imple e o eihe mge o eleio. These poees oo poced sog

ee espose. The .Pevios sies [see (] shoig h o 85 pe e

o he ogeill e hve ee vesl io ee ome Wohel Dllebh (70) hei es ili o s o e ooe oo hs he vie o simpli

Thee s lile h is e i ee ses o el mehisms. mege (75) hoeve pplie e heil eiqes o ig vesil

phs. e lime o hve ee le o ee e ie vesilsimlio iee i leopoei poio i he eve ells o hepeiphel vesl gglio ihi Deies les epe ohis ig pol shol e ihheld peig he sd

o (2) me omil sie o he vesil lei o hemose B mes o lesos o Beees es s ()poded veil sgms oseo dmge iele sgs ihs phse p; eio mge ih s phse do I ppee h hee ees o p o ee moveme e i he ok xis

hile hose o hoiol moveme e o eh sie o he el xis.empisk 99 emose h g eihe vesil

eve i s mkedl eded he moo espose o ol elelsimlio This ee ook 4 o mi o ppe e seio. movl ohe eeellm o le esls oig o esh (7) he hmkee ek hilles edo ek e ilied io.

o oeils o sgle is i e ieo ollls d melgele od () g vesil simlo ee ee e (). e olde h he oe o veil phs pllels

he os ssem. ogh some o e phs os ove i is i hemi osse sem empisk 9 he he oil vesileevg e he eleil vi om sigle shoks o he vesileve i he The oil e (i he eio eseig lim o hespslvi gs) ovelppe he oeleg e e i o he

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6 W

audoy aa n he ea nld Rasmussen· (134) epoe ha occasonally eleccal smulaon of e s empoal convoluon n man causedness

ha he posal eecs of lesons of he ceeblla coe ae no dependen on he pesence of he labynhs n gunea pg was epoe byMann (122). The eecs of corcal ablaons on he sympoms poucedby cung one vesbula neve n gunea pgs has been nvesgae byMeno (127) omolaeal lesns, especally n he fonal coe, weealleged o decease he sympoms conalaeal lesons, o ncease hemD Gogo Peselln (41 conmed pevous evdence ha ceebal co cal and ceebella lesons made afe habuaon o oaon o afe e covey fom cung one vesbula nve poduce a eun of responsean o sympoms

V OMNTS

Van Egmon et al 154) and ongkees (90 dscusse mehods anpesened aa on he clncal use of oaon and caloc ss These aenesng as examples of he convcons of hs goup of esach workers Koella Fose Szabo 104) ecode and onkees ulk 2 observedhe plane of nysagmus whn poson of h head wh elaon o heplane of rotaion was ysemacay a n moan sud of h ela on of sgle ampllae sge ee muscles n he ecebrae ca was

epod by Sengoha (12 e coe sooncally fom all 1 eraocula muscles whl smulang sngle ampullae Ths was one by nsernga ne glass cannula no he canal a hn poucng enolymph dsplace mn. I sems ha h s a pdomnan conncon bwen any csaan wo of h aocula musles The csa of he supeo canal s preomnanly connced wh he pslaeal supo cus and h conalaeal nfeo oblue; he csa of h oseo canal wh he pslaalsupeo oblque an he conalaea nfeo cus an ha of h hoonal caal, wh he pslaeal mdal ecus an he conalaeal laeal

rectus Vilrup 6 oun n he shar a conneon of he anro canalwh hoona evaon o es e ao hoed 160 ha aonof he eyes was poduce by urcula smulaon

Knapp (103) epoed ha 13 of 75 appaenly nomal people ha someegee of sponaneous nysagmus y boh human an anma epemens,e Kleyn (35) concluded ha he neual ogn of sponaneous "daknssnysagmus and of nysagmus when yng on one se whle nocaed aehe same and ae medaed by he same ceners as vesbula nysagmus

Inracion of vsual and bular Aschan 10) an J ongkes

(90) ook up agan he old problem of whehe vson should b ecluedn clncal es� of vesbular nysagms The fome showed epemenallyon 100 yng caes ha weag Frenel glasses (whch blur vsn) almosdoubled he duaon of he obseved pmay nysagmus (Neher auhorsuggesed ha compee ecuson of vson mgh be an eve bee eh

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SOMSTSIS D T CMC SSS

q.) Gry (70) por sr ysgms s sw y ologyr mom o sm vsl rg r ws ylmg room rr r pro o llmo rs o ro o rpor mom o rg T

lr so y grp ros or o ols ysgms s sor. A sr o sy y 16) rpor opo smlo o o mmly ssvsr ysgms H ws rs rolog mploso s l o o sy ros ysgms o lz vsr l Rpg ss o log go y ogrorg sgms o ms rg smos oy roo roo o vsl ) g (93) o r s oos vs ws om g l or r y ogr

ompg oy roo y 35) s ro o sl sr ysgms vyrol oy w pprly ompl sro o orlvsl rs. Vsl ps xo movms wr s opo ysgms lv l t uctil igi wmosr w s ws ro

MOO K

rvws o moo sss mg org oros

oo mros or lso s rvw wr ps y ylr & r153) y rr 21) y Mors 10) T rs s grl rw so s gr w mpss o psyoog ors r ls my w pysl ors moo o sps

orso Wg 3) lolz vomg r mll orr s rgo o sls ls sors drr bdr rl rlr ormo. lros wrpl y s o Horslyr srm

T wrm sy y rsr Mg 56) o o vro

swgg rs r o o sss ms s ow pls y ss wr swg rs 6 . 0 . 16 r 50° 90 130. Sss rs rom 4 pr o 58 p rom 6 o 16 swg rs rom 22 pr 50swgg o 50 pr 90 swgg Tr ws o rr rs 130° r

R & Wso 43) Wso 169 morprs s vomg o vslr smlo Ampmzr o rv s myr rmm)

mpll9)

rpor myr600

mg pr y rlv sr ros oowg sro Aso w 19) rpor14 U Ss Nvy ss o s o myr or moo sssg sm prvv o 50 mg oss som rpo 100 mg. oss

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8 W

DRUG U:S

Wiso (9) ge 100 mg of dimehydie o me ho eehe ed (ih eyes ope) d sbseqey obseed fo he dioof posoo sgms. e fod o eios fom he om.Ge God & em (73 i simi sdy f coic ysmsfe dmehydie medici cimed hee s mked depessioof ysgms he hyoscie fod o icese ysgms. Neiheof hese sdies is deqe fo he cocsios eced becse o pecios ee ke o oid he eecs of is simi o of eio ofhe sec. The pese eiee dobs e coees of he osios.emi Deise & Hmmebeg (48 4 sig bbis, ge ey gedimehydie dses (p o 70 mg. pe kg.) Wh icesig doses, heims beme esposie s o simio of he ooihs d eo simio of he cs. chi, Esmd & Himwich 4 boishedfoced cicig moemes by dimehdie.

Aodig o bs, Cmiss (28) ge mesie o giepgs bfoe oio d fod h esposes ee depessed fo bo 3h b heefe gey ehed Dededig 34 who ge ge pigsqiie, piocpie, o sodim sc epoed h he o fomedgs sed hed deiios d oig d so impime o heigwheeas oly one of ou ims e hese sympoms ih he sdg he eecs ee empo

I s fod b Riecke (10) h pheobbi gie o om peopeses spoeos posiio ysgms imi o h podced by coho. odski (19) omed h dihdooxyodeioe hydochoide(Ekod) cses spoeos ei ysgms. Wih boh hmd im sbjes, ogkees & Hk 1) d De Key Dese(3) poded eidee h he dmgig ees of sepomyci eoized i he esib ei

Hseg (78 cimed h he peeed moio sickess y giigsdim ioe. His hypohesis s h i dssoes he ooihsAcodig o sc, s (57) ge to 474 soldier a, b nod e epoed i he bsc. He is sid o he dissoed he ooihsof fogs d shes y se of his sbsce Gicci & Ce (6) chegedhese semes o he bsis of epeimes ih ey high dose gie opigeos d gie pigs.

SCNU

As (9) eieed his o ey sdies d peseed e d ooomic eecs of oio. Simpe oio i oe pe oes o seoomic disbces, b ieped oios o oios i dieepes do. ssey (11) ied sbecs fom S° o 55° i e epe d miied his fo peiods p o 5 se pio o ski he sbes o e hemsees o he ec. Wi iesi mo ih

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SOESTHESS AD THE CHEMCA SESES 9

neasn duatn f tt thee was an ncease n the cnstant e nthe dectn f the ntal tt Sacch (144) fund that psttatn ntamus aused suets t e n settn a lne t the etca e ue endf the ne aeaed t deate n the dectn f the sw hase f nsta

mus n t nut (7) afte tatn sund lalatn s dsplcedn the dectn f the sw hase. The sjects used the han t nt atthe sund (1) esented nms n 00 suets n a new tt taleand eewed the teatue f ths suec

L SSS&

Pfaman auth f last ea's annual eew n ths suect has ad sect n taste n the new Handbk f Eximnta Psyhgy

Anatmia hysigia and hmia studs.-Wht (17) fund

cnta t wdespead eef that the taste uds f the saaande aent deendent n the thc nuence f ustat nee es f wth sua utastc afts f tnue tp t the enuceate t ewand sued 1 mnths

Sme f the eatns f mecu stuctue t sweetness have eendsussed acs (8687) thuh sachane s sweet a elated sustance sec wth t s nt sweet (See as sectns n the f factnelw) Dete (37) has detemned taste theshlds f man and lwf a sees f hmus ahatc lcs heshd cnentatns (fth man and lw) deeased athma as the cl an hanwas enthened Vn sch (165) nluded a sectn n chema senses na k aut ees

Sne mnsdumutamate has eentl een healded as a emakaeenhane f d taste khat & Gane 118) ted t detemne whethets esene aected ntenst f sweet sa fte detemnn theshldsf luse su chlde and mnsdumutamate (eht suets)the used the saed tane test t nd whethe the aeed enhanceent tk ae ( sandad stmulus s esented flwed a pa fstmu f whch the suet ks the ne that des fm the standad)ddtns f sma amunts f nsdumutamate t the sua andsat sutns dd nt enhance the tastes

Gete hkas Pane 63) wh had fund aatns n fact theshld deendn n tme snce the last meal (see ew) eted

smla esuts f taste Van cncentatns f sucse wee tested

Bead aduae sssnt a h Unv o h olaoadn th aaon o th sen on CHE SESES

6 Th w lmd o a and ml al on oh hmoouh s ho o h ommon hml n and ho n h aotd and aonu omd A moum on h la a ad nl (

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12 WD

(6 bc) a 0 and AM., and a 30 and 4 30 .M, on day hand ho a noon mal hrhold dcrad drng h mornng n crad ollong lnch, and dcrad lar n h arnoon. Whn lncha omd, arly arnoo hrhold alo dcrad daa ho

rahr larg varably 26 pr cn o h day ald o ho chang nh xpcd drconA a pror o d o conmr prrnc (or h US. Dpar

mn o Agrclr), Bay on ( 6 7 dmnd drnal hrhold orn o cannd orang c. Jc aryng n Brxacd rao (a raoo gar o acd conn) r compard by h rangl (alld "doro by Bay n) h oband hrhold r mch largr han hadbn ancpad.

a blndn conn o b a ld o dcon and ngaon

ardllo ol (30) ha hon ha h ang or no ang o phnylhocarbamd can b d n arly nancy and ggd o ch dnc ca o ond parny Boyd 27 ond a naral banc,(nylhooxaoldon), ny o hch paralll ny oh ynhc phnylhocarbamd. n 7 nonar, 3 ar, and arh dlayd racon, h rl h oh banc r h amh naral banc occr n rnp cabbag, and many ohr plan.Boyd ha alo rn a dcon arcl abo a blndn (26) and aoo on gnc (25) conanng mara on pnocaram n

r, h rarmd h aldy h dnc or and rac drnch cond a gnral r.Mach (20) dd ca h h nral ax rancd o c o h

hghr cnr. Rjcon hrhold or hog lr dppd n nn, n alnolon, and n acc acd md concd h ho o normal caLr dppd n cro a no rcd Rpon o h abr o h dog ha bn dd by Andron, andgrn, Alon Zorman (4) Acon ponal r rcordd rom rand o h prphralpar o h lngal nr and cnral poron o h chorda ympan.

Solon appld o h d o h ong p od mpl hch, hybld, probably ral or mall br o 4 o 6 / Lngal nr prpara on alo rpondd o cold. Fl dcharg r rcordd rom h chordampan drng mchancal or cold mlaon h probably ho ha no xclly a a nr Chorda ympan prparaon rponddll o olon o can gar glycrn, hyln glycol and lad acaSaccharn olon prodcd no larg p, n n prparaon rpndng o gar. h n h dog, accharn do no xc h am rcpora gar On h ohr hand rpon o a br banc a o mlar

n rpc o br damr nold and yp o rpon ha armd ha accharn g r o a br a n dog amann Bar dy (36) hod ha h hrhold o rcpor rpondng oaln do no chang n adrnalcomd ra n hr xprmn onh hmn crbrl <or nld am\n 34 nr o

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SOMSTHSS AND TH HM SNSS 2

p f mua f g aa Ta a ccaallp, v ug mula p u f ylviu j la f Rl T au c aa mag u cala f a p

T ui cc lfc f Ra Cau GavSma 3 fu a yug a a al pfc f aal lu a a pla a f fu v cump f pla a ul qual xc a fa a au yp a al pc upylgca gcac Rc 39 p a pm aa uma, ca u i i p u allxc ubac av a "ag a Rc cca m a T 6 uma ubc my a lu

T ul a a a uma ly aaby a a m gly xc ubac av a a may 5 a v f pfc u bg by Upam gculu

Sl Rby 5 fu a acca alug uvac a a a f a umal lag Hugy y a cum m acca u a aa, y a i a pfciua T ma a la a ucly acca lu a a a f

Ol l-M f ya pubcai lfac a

ppa mcam f mula f facy cp appac by xpm y T ympa ac u flg aupic Sciy f Cmic Cmif L 6, Scic Sc f Tl G ca , 45, 6, a Oc ava Rac upu

T pap a ympum f Tl G cai vy

l T b m a p agai 45a apy ccal f cc aa l c gaa cl u a accp, vc,bu my fac f a publca y f a alg ab abm a ama a c a a xampl a a umbf a b ly bv a alb av f m ally ipv aga ac f uc f blf Hac a gl pyca p f a g pa l pgma a muaul l ml vy ! Oacy a

agai a ca b pu a ciic g ly by p f xpim cca aa by u f pucbl xpma c aby u f lag umb ubjc T a am pa by a ympum, a ba uuua lag vul c l ympum ap 52 uu paay

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22 NT

acy ach a am h 12 ma pbm a, hp a, ad h mhd cay advacm

h m aba acy aay y ccd, acm, ha b dcbd by F Scd Dabach 54 .

I c w : w a hamb a achab ad a pma chamb ad a a am ym acv � a d, a, cm a d h w am mchaca mv mp, m wh a a pay, mva c a a ba, paa hh a ada ha, paah 1 2 ca acvad caca, ad, mv cacad, paa v a bd ca ad a dm m d,h bc cvd wh a pac vp hc p y h acd a dcd by ma a amm mpam pacd

h a am A db am cmpam p md d Up v va ca b pacd h am cmpa m, ad h a am pad v hm Wz 1) d yadadza pcd b a ay pdc hadbk daa ab ad da hd acy m

Phl mhnsm: hoy nd exn-Mdd' vw ac 128) d pp dc ada had dc wh maa bad h chmca acvy dd d maa H a t b untl,

bc h ma pyca dm cpv ac, y ha y b pdcv a pp mpbab h a a m d mc,ad h phma cc a ac Sch pc a ccaca, pmaby ad ac ca, d mdm, ad phyca dpacm dc yp mc c a w d hy Mc,pa a d, ha mc h cp hav acc c c d mc ca , wa kd

h appva F a ca pm ad m aah kd h c a mc a aa whc ac a w av bca m dcy hcq B (19) bcd Mc y a abw aa, ac, ad d d a h adca mc by ac ad aa

h BckM ad hy wch vvd a c h c a a cv ada da mc,ha b mdd by Bck 18) bca dd vdc H

cvcd ha d ac m a m cpac ad ha l w da ad v vay pa c, dpd bac pd d pm h y Accd a abac, Fa 50 vdc aa BcM y

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SOSSIS AD CICA SSS 123

ue (108 hs deveoed oe sohstted theoy of the tonof oeu onuton thn the sten theoy of one whhods tht the oeues o the eeto eeents hve sots nto whh the

odont oeues t nd ve ves soethn ke ees of swuzze. ue suveyed nonoftoy boo oesses tuyfo the stndont of bohesty to nd ehns whh ht tthe equeents of the oftoy oess. He suested tht enzye tons key nddte Enzyes ke potens e ooeues thtfo ddton oounds by ens of no tttve foes suh shydoen bonds whh y so detene the she nd se tvty.he wekness of these foes kes t neessy tht oeue t oseynst the enzye ove n extense e fo the ddton oound to efoed. The oeueenzye ne ue suested stethes o unfods the oeue so tht onts noy unexosed y bee beof he eton. Thus f the oeues of the odont odue theees by obnn wth oten oeues (enzyes the potne ofoeu she s e. e so suested tht t s not the she of thentr moll that may mortant t only that art wh

't aant

the enzye. The ton by whh etton s odued he fet s tefe ene wth soe vt oess by tetion of the enzye o ezyes onened

stkosky (102 hs so oosed n enzye theoy of se ndE oune (5 hve ndeendenty deveoed the se knd oftheoy. he tte hve exeent evdene fo ts bty to ofton nd esey to tste It s ssued tht thee e seve tve en zyes esent n the oftoy etheu nd n the etheu ound theusttoy es. Odoous o tste oounds hve the bty to nhbt theseenzyes. hs seetve nhbton tes the etve onentton o vousoounds t the eet nd nttes the neu esonse. Ed &oune shoed tht kne hoshtse s esent n the oftoy ndusttoy ethe nd tht t y be nhbted by vnn te nusonwth u oee o of nseed nd o of eent. Su st ndqunne dd not nhbt t. The esene of e estese nd ts nhbtonby qunne but not by su o st wee so shown.

e nen (11 hs exeent evdene fo the t tht odos edstnushed by the st onuton of the oeue the thn bythe he onsttuton. e used 1 s of odos to be dsnted.hese substnes wee dsoed on the ss outhee of the ts wtebottes Eh t ws tned fo 10 dys on eh odo usn stonqunne souton n one botte nd suose n the othe. n the test sees

th odo ened the se but n wte ws used n eh botte.The to of onsuton of wte fo the two bottes ws the esueof oo dsnton. Guot Thbut 2 hve obtned obeevdene on huns' bty to dstnush odos on the bss of oeustutue by usn the oty nvese fos of sobone. The esuts

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124 WNT

to onr ontntion tht th ollr oonnt of olx odor n b "nid ot

rltd xrintl roh i tht o tding th t o ltrtion in bod hitr on ll nitivit Gillot (1) ing on bttook ll thrhold or iovlri id bor nd tr intion o thi ntibodi or thi btn h dirion o th thrhold wdgd to b th ndr both ondition; o h onldd tht no hngin nitivit orrd in thi involvd bt on bt on holdrgrd th onlion not t rovd L gnn (115) lid o hvhown v lg hng in nitivit to klik odo (xltolid) inwon fntion o x hoon At th ti o ovltion nitivitw gtt hving ind ovr riod o 7 to 10 d to vl 100o 00000 ti tht rn dring ntrtion ix ovritoid

won howd inr whn ttd with togn otl Abl & Aho(64) tdid dirnl vriion in olto nitvit (Elrg rt) rltd to lti ltor it w rortd to b grtr hortlbfor thn hortl ftr ting norl idd l hi xrintl ot of th ntil ontrol nd th onlion hold not btd ntil i i rtd ndr dqt ondition [ oorlwrittnbtrt of r b rt (13) to il tht h ond xiolftor it in won jt bor ntrtion] A nbr of xrint wr rortd b ttt ) w ggt to t nvtgto

tht hlorohyllin rd bod odor nd bth odo hi h rlvn€to oltio b in nbr of intn th bjt wr kd tdtrin irovnt in thlv If h thniq r d thtd i ll ort or th rrnt hlorohll dodornt d

h lil roh to odor thr tht of lifing odor i rrntd b inorl rort of two xrint in rogr nn [in (6)]ing thniq idntil with indndn thrhold bt whih hlld th thod o odor fig h obtind rlt tht ggt thrn of lrg thogh liitd nbr of rir odor hi roi

to b l thod in it d to lition on th bi o ootion on th rtor rthr thn o oonlit of vrbl ronI t i rortd (5) tht Chn rring ot work on odor litio n o tor nli

otr & old (53) rd r on odor ixtr dribing xrint in hih two thr o fo odo wr ntd ogthr It wond tht odo it nll ditint fo th odo o thi oonnt

Nual mhanim.- v iortnt r h bn ontribtd b

Adrin ) riing wht h h lnd bot th ltil tivito th olto blb o dint lr o th blb i dint to tivit i in whit tt nd wvlik ontil oilltion nnd on th h ltt wv o two ind indd wv b tong oltoy tili nd intini wv d b th ritn

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SOMESTHESIS AND THE CHEMICA SENSES 12

acv of lls n bulb ls w so aons, no a cll. dp anssa s wavs a uppssd ad ofaognas a asd wou nfc I oda assa, c acv bco conuous and pvs anson of sgnal fo cpos. As asa bco g, ofacogna agan ga ool o o n ; dogan apd c ad upp� n favo of ofaco dcag a ac nspaonUa, owv, sc acv bulds up aga ad pdscag us. As wa o sgn of falu of cpos undpad ulao, Adan gav a ca xplanaon fo ll adapaon,abug o bog ou of po gna b appaacof c wavs

n ass of nw sud, L Gos ak 1 13 , 1 4 as odd sa a a s o oaaon n pojcon of ofacoplu o bulb Adan's lopsologal vdc fo oocalzao d o on of soogca wok o pluT nw sud abb ldd u wc nda a dg of gonalpocon o ofaco pu o olfaco bub

Ano aaoa ud dg fa a of La 07. donsad a aos o a snso opo of nvunals n ofaco plu. asll pcuad a bsnap o ns unng n sa v, wc acva Bowangands. Odoou suaon us c a las of ud fo ganand ofao pos a suad b ags n ud o bsauaon of ud b odoan

akaus 55) pod uous sul a was una ocod c spks n acs of ofaco bub cas cocudd a scnn dos o acva cls of bulb so as os up pk a 46 foud no sgca aal ds n suu of olfaco gon, laal and dal ofaco g anda, and dagonal bad. T paaolfaco pon wa foudsgcanl o fqul n ws 50 w ad 50 Ngo o uao opad a Ngos.

Fo 5 vsgad vaaos n plaansunplaas caacsc of odos n lao o ag Ug bo faaand unfala odos o v ag lvs, found a cldn and aduld o a ad sa odos No uvsa apd o cdodo was found Moa 13 sudd abl o dsngus bod odoof wo w ad wo gos dal af bag and af ·c . Slg b an canc pfoac wa foud. s 2vwd olfaco abnoals

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126 DT

ITATUR CTD

1 An D EE lin europsiol , 377-88 1950

2 Almnn F n Wn J G Ann Ool Rinol Larngol. 9 65786 19503 Anson A B n Mnson A. Aous. So. A. 2 15559 1951

4 Ansson B. ngn . Asson n Zomn Va siol Sand. 10519 1950

5 Anonymous Am. erumer Essen. Oil. Rev 0 47374 1950. Anonymous aure 6 39495 19507 Aoult M. D. Am. sl. 6 22936 19508 Ashvs � . siol. US.S.R 3331 19509 Asln M. Aa OoLarngol Suppl. 45 1948

10 Ashn von Aa OoLarngol. 6 15 194812 Aoy Re. espa. oo-neurooalmol. neuroirurg. 25593 194813 B T. Orosi Heip 90 3941 194914 Bts . A . . siol 1 24057 195115 Byon . A. Agr on Resear 2, 10512 195016 Byton, . A. U S Dep Ag. Bur Ag on. Novmber 19517 Byon . A. U S Dep Ag Bur Ag Eon. nuy 195118 B H. ed. sis 2, 5864 19519 Bs G. . Am erumer Essen Oil Re. 290 95020 Bng H I. n oy A. P Aa siol and 286302 195021 Bn J E. n Human aors in Undersea Warfare hp 18 375-98 \

Wg D C 99

22 Bn J . hpo H. B. n M armaol xpl erap00, 71 1950

23 Boson H. . n Wng . Neurophsiol 2 30513 194924 Bos . Ar eurol sia 6 71318 195025 Boy C eneis and e Raes o an Bon & Co. Boson 453

. 1950

2 Boy W C. sol Bull. 48 7174 195127 Boy C. Siene 2, 153 195028 Cmss . OoRinoLaring al. 1 9010 194929 Cmll E N Larngosope 9 126172 1949

30 Cllo H. M. n Hot . . ro So xpl Bio ed. 589921951

32 Chmn Ro A. n oomon H C. A m sa 0 22124 190

33 Clsn . n ng H. . sol 0 29930 195034 Dng D. Aa Oorngol. Supl 1459 1948435 yn A. . H. A. Aa Oo-Larngol. Suppl 813 194836 lyn A. H. A. n vn Dns B. Aa Ooarngol. 17 19537 Dh G A m. siol 6 24750 1951

38 D s H. Aa Oo-Larngol. 218-29 1949

39 D s H . Aa OoLarngol. 26273 195040 D s H n Bl J D. . W. Aa Oo-Larngol 28"306 19491. D ogo A. n sn Ar. siol 48 8�108 194942 gh F . B R M n Hy . D. ro So Epl Bio ed.

845 1950

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SOMESTHESIS AD THE CHMIA SENSES 27

43 Eba , and ae R 1 Applid ysiol 1382 (190) Edwards W. Psyol ll. 7, 9-5 (1950)

.

45 Barad A F. and Brne G H., Si 13 66061 (1951)6 rart . A. . Comp Nol. 93 29311 (1950)

Fedtv . P , . Pysiol U.SS.R 36 32633 (1950)48 Femin, H., an Deinse, J B., and Hammebr E. At OtoLyol 384349 (1950)

49 Femin, H., van Deinse, J an Hammebr, E, Ndd Tjdssk 30341 (90)

50 Frtnat, V Otolynol 2 6166 (1950)51 Fter D. & Cosmti Id. 67, 46 (1950)52 Fter, Po. Si St Toilt oods sso N 1 1416 (1950)3 Fter, D and Sced E H Am. Psyol. 5 244 (195)4 Fter, D, Sced, E. H., and Daenbac, K M. A m. Psyol. 6, 431

40 (190)5 Franenaser, , 1 Nopysiol 39 (191)6 Fraser, A M and Mannin G W pplid Pyiol 2 8084 (90) Fjisai, S Nippo Ik ssi K K, 21 116 (199)8 aenser E A i. Ivst. 30 40620 (1951)9 Gn E. a nd Jnn D A . Bi 73 51331 (1950)60 Grnandt, B. E., t Pysiol Sd. , 612 (1950)61 Geandt, B. E t ysiol. Sd. 21 381 (1950)62 Giacca, and Care, A. . Otolyol. 53 3438 (1951)63 Gete, F . Aas, A J and ane J. G ., . pplid Pysiol 2 61926

(1950)6 Gete F , Abe, M S, and Akas, A J Applid Pysiol 2 H2

(1950) 65 rre R 1 m Md Asso. 5561 (1950)66 Graam, D T, Gde H. and Wf H. G. . C. Ivst. 30 349 (1951)6 Granit . . Nopysiol. 3 3512 (1950)

68 Grabie, A. Ker, W A, and Barte S H m 1 Psol 6 21 36 19869 G . Ndd. s. . 745 (48)0 Gedr, E, 1 Psyol. 43 31322 (1950)

1 i, M, Comt d 232 12491 (1951)2 Git, M and ibat, ompt d 232 113840 (191)3 tner L B Gd, W and Batterman R A. Otolyol. 53 308

15 (19514 Habd S. . Pysiol. , 195213 (1950)5 Hamberer C A., t OtoLyol Sppl. 8 56 (1948)6 Hard, J. D. Rv Pysiol. 2 11944 (1950) Had J D W, H G and Gde, H, . i Ivst. 29 11540 (1950)8 Haseawa T . Otoyol. 50 0815 (199) a Hat G T T Qtitti Cctistis of Pimy Ocl Nyt s

Ftio of ltio d of Spd of Rottio Dcra tesis Uni ceste 1950)9 Hari A and Meer A D. A. Nol Psyi. 6 6013 (1950)80 Hense H., . s Pysiol. Ps 252 14664 (1950)81 Herman M Nol. Psyit. 6, 256 (1950)82 Hers J. H, Po. Si. St. Toilt oods sso. N. 14 101 (950)

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8 Jbs, M . Pefue sse. O ev, 9 9)88 Jenkin, W in adbk of Exea Pyhy, Ch 30 290Seven, S S, E, Jhn Wle & Sn, In, ew Yrk, 436 , 9

89 Jnkee, W, a Oo-ayo. 38 8-6 90)90 Jnkee B W, h Ooay. 9 908 949)9 Jnkee W, n Hulk J a Ooayo 38 23 (90)92 Jnkee, B W, nd Huk J, a O-ao 8 2480 (90)93 un, R a Ooayo, 36 99202 (948)94 Jun, K Whsh. 32 (948)9 B J Pyo (odo) 111 2460 90)

96 Kz, , Phys (odo) 11 2682 (90)9 Ke A. S eecer H. K nd Meller F C d Physo., 3 344(90)

98 Keink, W H, J Neuhyo., 1 030 (9)99 Kemnk, W H, n Wrd A A, Neuohys 13 9304 90)

00 Kennrd, M A. J Neuohyso., 13 22 90)0 Kin H E Cluen J nd Srf J E Nou Ma Dea, 93

96 (90)0 kwsk G ee, 4 0)03 Kn, E as Nase Ohehek 9 90)

04 Kel, W Frer G, nd Szb v hyso. haa a, 8 29304 (90)0 Kenbuhl, H, nd Sll W Rv. uo. 83 404 9)06 Kun, R A. n rmile, , Phaa E Tha 101 4

(90 Lel, O Rho. & ayo. 4438 (90)08 Lue, G, Du. & Co Id 6 3262 40 90)09 e eu, J, Neus 99 90)0 Ledux A a Ooayo. Su, 8 464 (948) Ledux . a Oayo. ( 3 3348 (949)

Ledu A. a Oay. () 2932 (90)3 e G Clrk W J Neuou Pha 1 0 94 Le Grs Crk W E, Naue, 43 90) Le Mnen, , Co. ed 230 03 90) 6 Le Men, J, Co d o o, 1 392 90) ie E , a oh oa aso, 9 94)8 Lckhrt, E E, n Giner, M Fd Rseah, 1 494 90) 9 Lwenein ., nd be D J Phy (do 10 3924 949)20 Mh, M B., Fdao P 10 88 (9)2 Mnn, W nd e, G E E Psyho 1 03 9)

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SOMSTHSS AND TH CHMCA SNSS 12

126 McCouh G P Drng D. and Swart W. B . Neurohyiol, 13 33-49 (195)

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11 Morlan G K 1 Genetic ychol, 77 276 (1950)132. Mygnd S. H. Acta OtoLaryngol Sul, 70 1-114 (1 948)133. Owad K Nion Igau Zahi K. K. 717 (1949)134. Pnld W. and Ramun T. he Cerbral Cortex o Man Th Mamllan

Company Nw Yor 248 pp 190)135. Paman n Handbook o Eerimental ychology, Chap 29 1143-71

Svn S. S d. John Wly & Son Inc. Nw York 1436 pp. 1951)

136 Pafman C. and Bar J K 1 Com hiol chol, 43 3224 (1950)137. Randn Caur J and GavrlSzmank M 1 hyiol, 4 447-(1950)

138. Rgo and Sala , Sitema Nervoo, 3044 (1949)3 C P Com hol hol 43 35874 (19514. ck O. . LaryngolRhinol-Otol, 1385 (1949)141 Ronhal S R roc Soc El io Med, 74 16770 (1950)142 Row S. N. and Moyr J B . Neurourg, 12 126 (1950)143. Run A. and Wnon J. Cn Inve 126166 (195)144 acch , Stema Neroo, 1 43-5 (1949)

14 Sagarn roc Sci Sect oilet Good Aoc, No 14 3-4 (190)146. Sala , L'OtoRino-Laring tal, 17 341-51 (1948)147. Schf M. mond W. G. and Hmwch H. . Arch Otolaryngl 51 67277

(1950)148 Schwarz A M Saa W K and alo D Science, 31-1 (195)149. Shaw C. C. Military Surgeon 106 441-49 (1950)150. Shld F D and Ro . 1 Comp hiol chol, 4 181 (190)51. Smo . A. eae Nero Stem, 32- (195)152 Szngha J 1 Neurohyiol, 39407 (190)13. yl D . and ard P. hyiol Rev, 311-69 (1949)

154 Van gmond A A. J. Gron J. J. Hulk J. and J ongk . B. W Laryngol 0 63 3610 (949)

15 Van gmond A A. J. Gon J J. and ong B. W. hyiol (Lon-don, 1 10 1 (199)

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162. Vrup T. A nn Otol Rhinol & Laryngl, 19 (1950)163 Vlrup Ann 0 Rhinol & Laryngl, 9 471 (195)16 Vlrup T. Laryngol 0 64 42026 (195)165 von c K Bee: heir iion, Chemical Sene, and Language Cornll

nr Pr haca N. 119 pp. 195)

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30

66. Wd, G. R. adbook of eea Pychooy 9-223 SsS S., d. oh Wil & So ., ew o 436 9

6 l M Poc Sc Sc ol Good Aoc o 4 -3 906 Wco H F N Y Sae ed 5 69-700 90

6 Wio Rui A Li S. d hg ] . M Oo Rho ayo 9 62227 (90

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Somesthesis and the Chemical Senses (1952)