Songhai – wealth from Gold-Salt Trade

Taj Mahal

Islamic influence

Trade silk, spices, gems, & textiles in European trading posts

Emperor controlled by shogun – military leader

Isolated from outside influence

Expands

Capital renamed Istanbul

United by Islam

Coffee, ceramics, numeral system

Aztecs

Inca

EnglandFrance – both modern & wealthy

Russia – poor, mostly farmers

Emperor controls trade with enclaves

Goods: Paper, silk, compass

Trans-Sahara TradeSilk Road

Rebirth of classical knowledge

Begins in Italian city-states

Spreads to Northern Europe

Humanism – focus on human values and accomplishments, learning

Mona Lisa

by Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance man

Sistine Chapel

By Michelangelo – realist painter & sculptor

ShakespeareEnglish playwright, poet of Northern Renaissance

Machiavelli – The Prince

Italians dominate

Corruption and sale of indulgences

Huge wealth & influence of merchants

Martin Luther

Salvation by faith alone

All humans equal before God

Posts 95 Theses (problems) on church door

Begins Protestant movement

Henry VIII of England

– Pope in Rome

English church

property as hisElizabeth I

Anglican Church

Dissenters

Spanish Armada

Colonies

John Calvin Predestination

What will happen to you

Protestant movement

Princes

remains Catholic

30 Years War

Edict of Nantes

Calvinists in France

Makes 30 Years War political

John Wycliffe Jan Huss Council of

Trent

Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Inquisition

individualism secularism

Religious toleration

Printing press

Higher literacy, spreads new ideas

Vasco da Gama Portugal Sails around Africa to create trade route to India

Columbus Spain Reaches the New World, decimates indigenous Americans

Magellan Spain His crew 1st to sail around the world, he dies in Philippines

Hernan Cortes Spain Conquistador, conquered the Aztecs in Central Mexico

Francisco Pizarro Spain Conquistador, conquered the Inca in Peru

Francis Drake England Privateer, sailed around the world, defeated Spanish Armada

Jacques Cartier France Reached Canada and claimed it for France

Western Hemisphere – Native Americans

Corn, potatoes, tobacco

Europeans

Horses, cattle, diseases that kill many Indians

lifestyles completely

leads to slavery

Plantation

economy and environment

Europe Prince Henry of Portugal pioneers exploration

Demand for gold

Competition for colonies

Africa European trading ports

Slaves & gold exported

Christianity spreads

AmericaRigid class system

Colonies imitate mother country

Christianity

Sugar &

rum M

anu

factured

go

od

s

Slaves

Economic practice, colonies benefit mother country banking system & money for markets

Centralize Power – take all of it for themselves

Rule by Divine Right – God’s will

Louis XIVFrance Builds palace

of Versailles

Spends to expand royal power

Peter the Great

Russia Westernizes Russia

Builds St. Petersburg

Takes nobles power

Ignores Parliament, raises taxes

Puritan military leader

Ignores Parliament, raises taxes

Puritan military leader

Cromwell dies and Charles II

restores the monarchy to England

Fights with Parliament

Factions modern

political parties

Peaceful, bloodless revolution

William Mary

share power equally

with Parliament

Grants rights

and freedoms to Englishmen

Royal power

Eventual democracy & America’s gov

Applies reason to human & natural world, stimulates religious tolerance and new

government

Leviathan Humans exist in natureGovernment protects us

John Locke

Government must protect our life, liberty, & property

Montesquieu

Social Contract

The Spirit of Laws

Government is a contract between people and ruler

Voltaire

Miguel Cervantes

Thomas Jefferson

Eugene Delacroix

Mozart

Religious toleration, separation of church & state

Declaration of Independence Baroque

composerConcertos, fugues

Symphonies, operas

Romantic painter

Don Quixote

Isaac Newton

Discovered laws of gravity

Copernicus – developed heliocentric theory

Kepler – Discovered planetary motion Galileo

Used telescope to support heliocentric theory

William Harvey

Discovered blood circulation

Reason and observation lead to scientific method

Mexico City Havana

Sao Paulo

Lima

BuenosAires

Directly ruled by foreign power (America – 13 colonies)

Country protected by another 1 (Hawaii)

Region where 1 country gets trading rights (China)

Nationalism – competition for power & wealth

Industrial Revolution – demand for natural resources and markets

European conflicts brought to colonies

Dutch & British set up trading ports in India

Christian missionaries convert natives to Christianity

Built in Egypt to cut travel time to India, England controls it

Held in 1884, European Powers divide up Africa for themselves

Matthew Perry

1854 America

East India Company

Built in Egypt to cut travel time to India, England controls it

Held in 1884, European Powers divide up Africa for themselves

Matthew Perry

1854 America

East India Company

Spheres of Influence

Great Britain Indian National Congress

& pushes for independence

Foreigners

Boxer

Boxers – attack US merchants

ilitarism lliances mperialism

ationalism

Europe divided into competing groups

Central – Germany

Allies – England, France, Russia

Competition for colonies, resources, and markets

Balkan Peninsula – powder keg of ethnic tension

Many diplomatic failuresAssassination of

Archduke Ferdinand of

Austria starts the war

Russian Revolution forces Russia to leave the war &

sign treaty

Zimmerman Note makes America join on Allied side

Armistice signed & Treaty of

Versailles ends the war

Woodrow WilsonAmerica’s presidentWanted to stay out of WWICreated 14 Points plan for peace

Kaiser Wilhelm IIGermany’s leaderLoses empire after the war to the Allies

Forces Germany to accept guilt for war

Puts limit on Germany’s military

Independence for helping Europeans fight in WWI

Alliance

future wars

America

weakness

League of Nations

Ottoman Empire & Middle east England

France

Japan

Landless peasantsTsar Nicholas

WWI

Bolsheviks

Vladimir Lenin

Communist

Soviet

Union

New Economic Policy

Stalin5 Year Plans

Secret police

farms

Great Purge

German reparations

High protective tariffs

Americans using credit

1929 Stock Market Crash

unemployment

banks

prices

inflation

political

Adolf Hitler

Anti-semitism

National Socialism – Nazi Party

Invades & Occupies neighboring countries

Joseph Stalin

Leads Soviet Union

Communist

Signs non-aggressionpact withHitlernot to fight

Benito Mussolini

Leads Fascist Party

Wants to return Italy to glory of Rome

Invades Ethiopia in show of force

Hideki Tojo & Hirohito

Militarism

Industrializes Japan

Invade Korea, Manchuria, China for raw materials

Hideki Tojo & Hirohito

Militarism

Industrializes Japan

Invade Korea, Manchuria, China for raw materials

Giving in to avoid war at the Munich Conference

Poland

France Nazis Britain

air England over NazisGermany Soviet Union

non-aggression pactJapan

America

D-DayHiroshima & Nagasaki

America’s president at the start of WWII President

when FDR dies, orders a-bomb dropped England’s

prime minister who stands up to Nazis Supreme Allied commander of all allied forces US general in charge of the battle in Asia/Pacific

1930s-1940s

Jews, non-Aryans, disabled

Adolf Hitler’s Final

Solution

Universal Declaration of Human Rights – UN

statement of basic rights all humans deserve

Japan now a powerful,

wealthy ally

US occupies under Gen. MacArthur

Superpowers the Soviet Union

Israeli Prime Minister led Israel in Yom Kippur War

Egypt’s president, nationalized Suez Canal, built Aswan Dam & allied with Soviets

led violent struggle against English rule in Kenya First black president of South Africa, fought against apartheid

Group led by Gandhi that fought for independence prohibited discrimination (caste system)

England divided India by religion with Muslims in Pakistan today the world’s largest democracy federal system gives most power to states in India has eased financial problems

After WWI used to control territories in MideastMandate power in

Syria & Lebanon

Mandate power in Jordan & Palestine

Created after WWII out of Palestine

Differences create conflicts in Palestine, Israel, etc

Gives power of self-determination to African colonies imperial rule by Europeans & economic exploitation

Fights for independence from France

peaceful transitions to independence violent fight for independence

long struggle against apartheid (Segregation)

1. High Literacy rate

2. Low fertility rate (babies per mother)

3. Slow or no population growth

4. Freemarket economies

5. Large middle class

6. Political freedom

1. High Birth rates = rapid growth

2. Low literacy rates

3. Little access to health care

4. Poverty

5. Poor health

Ethnic & religious conflict Climate change illiteracyPollution rapid growth Terrorism

Refugees countries

Guest workerstemporary

Global peace keeping organization

lends money to developing nations at a cost free trade agreement between US, Canada, & Mexico Global organization promoting free trade - common currency and easier borders in Europe

• Munich Olympics• 9/11 attacks• Car bombings• Suicide bombers• Airline hijackers

Surveillance

Review of privacy rights

Security at ports and airports

Identification badges and photos

India & South Asia

Billion

Vedas

China, India, Asia

Millions

4 Noble Truths

Israel, America

Millions

Torah – written

record of Hebrew beliefs

Middle East & Africa

Billions

Koran (Qur’an)

North & South

America, Europe

Billions

New Testamen

t

India & Pakistan

Karma – knowledge

that all thoughts &

actions have

consequences

Reincarnation –

rebirth based on

karma

China & freedom

of religion

Enlightenment –

spiritual happiness

8 Fold Path – steps you

take to reach

Enlightenment

Arab – Israeli

conflict – Yom

Kippur War over Israel

10 Commandm

ents Guide moral & religious

conduct

Arab-Israeli

conflict – Middle East

5 Pillars – basic acts of faith for all Muslims

Mecca & Medina – holy sites Muslims should

pilgrimage to

Catholics &

Protestants in N. Ireland

Jesus as son of God

Councils agree on Church doctrine