Sophocles, for the use of schools; · 2012-03-23 · PRE FAC E. THE present edition of the plays of Sophocles has been compiled from the larger edition of the Plays and Fragments

ILLNO IUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

SAT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

PRODUCTION NOTE

University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign LibraryBrittle Books Project, 2012.

COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION

In Public Domain.Published prior to 1923.

This digital copy was made from the printed version heldby the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

It was made in compliance with copyright law.

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THE UNIVERSITY,

OF ILLINOIS

LIBRARY

From the library ofCharles Melvillen Moss

Pro'fessor ofClassies

Presented by Mrs. Moss

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elarenhan Prass Strits

OEDIPUS COLONEUS

CAMPBELL AND ABBOTT

lonbon

HENRY FROWDE

MACMILLAN AND Cor

MACMILLAN AND CO.

lanan us Suic

SOPHOCLESIN SIIVNLE PLA YS

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS

EDITED

WITH INTRODUCTIONS AND ENGLISH NOTES

BY

LEWIS CAMPBELL, M.A., LL.D.Professor of Greek in the University of St. Andrews

AND

EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., LL.D.Balliol College, Oxford

OEDIPUS COLONEUS

NTew and Revised Edition

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

1891

[ All rigts reserved]

OxfortPRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TQ THE UNIVERSITY

PRE FAC E.

THE present edition of the plays of Sophocles has been

compiled from the larger edition of the Plays and Fragments

published by Prof. Campbell', with such alterations and addi-

tions as seemed necessary to adapt the work for use in

schools.

The text is almost identical in the two editions, and the

same marks are used. A departure from MS. authority is

distinguished by an asterisk, and a word or phrase which,

though retained from the MSS., is almost certainly corrupt,

is distinguished by an obelus.

In the notes, the critical part of the larger edition bearing

on the text has been omitted. Here and there, it is true,

various readings have been given, but no attempt is made to

present a connected account of the text. And little or

nothing is said about the metres. Whatever light may have

been thrown on Greek music and metre by recent researches

in Germany, the results have not been such that they can

1 Sophocles. By Prof. Campbell. Clarendon Press, 187 9 -81.

636372

with any advantage be embodied in an English School

Edition 1.In the illustration of grammatical constructions the smaller

edition is sometimes more full than the larger. It is obvious

that knowledge which may be presumed in an older reader

can be profitably enough imparted to one who is reading

Sophocles for the first time, and reading him principally

with a view to improve his knowledge of Greek. But, in

order to save space, references are sometimes given to

grammatical works, especially to Professor Goodwin's

'Moods and Tenses.' In the larger edition the most im-

portant facts of the language of Sophocles have been

collected, analysed, and arranged, in an introductory essay:

in this edition the matter of that essay has been embodied

in the notes on various passages. This change seemed

necessary in a work which is intended to facilitate the

reading of the author without aiming at a general criticism

of his language. But a use of the indices will enable any

one who wishes to construct for himself a fair conspectus

of the leading features in the style of Sophocles.

It will be observed that in many passages more than one

rendering is given, and it may perhaps be thought that such

alternatives are merely a confession of ignorance. But

although it is true that the writer's meaning is one and one

only, it is often scarcely possible to express this, even when

1 Brambach has published ' Die Sophocleischen Gesiinge fiir denSchulgebrauch metrisch erkliirt.' Leipzig, 187o.

vi PREFA CE.

PREFACE.

perceived, by a single English version, and there are some

passages in which the grounds of interpretation are so nicely

balanced, that the charge of ignorance would rather be

applicable to a dogmatic rendering. Beyond doubt, many

passages admit grammatically of two interpretations, either

of which is possible in the context in which the words occur.

There may be a preference in favour of one or the other,but to exclude either would mark this preference too strongly.

Moreover in a work of joint authorship there will necessarily

be some difference of opinion; and although there are but

few passages over which the editors have felt themselves to

differ seriously, this should be noticed as another cause of

the alternative renderings.

The lines of the plays are quoted according to the notation

of Dindorf, which is now almost universally adopted. The

numbering of the fragments is that of Nauck, in his 'Tragi-

corum Graecorum Fragmenta.'

Though the present edition has been compiled mainly from

the larger work, the notes of other scholars have of coursebeen consulted. The most useful commentaries in German

are those of Schneidewin-Nauck, Gustav Wolff, and Weck-

lein. Of those with Latin notes the most important are

the editions by Hermann, Dindorf, and Wunder, to which

perhaps Linwood's should be added, though most readers

will regret that so able. a scholar did not give the world a

more elaborate work. The chief English editions hae also

been consulted. It is needless to enumerate them, and it

would be out of place to criticise them here.

V1VI

viii PREFACE.

Some pains have been taken to make the introductory

analyses, prefixed to the notes, a real help to the young

reader in mastering the structure and the leading motives

of each play. But for further information on these points

the student is referred to the Introductions in the larger

edition.

The notes on this play marked R. E. are taken from some

manuscript notes by Mr. Robinson Ellis, of Trinity College,of which he kindly allowed us to make use.

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NOTES.

Tov Ibr KoXcv3 OiZTrovv Er TETEXVTrl7CrL 7W d7TT7T~ SooiA00 s 6

vioLo0s E818a~Ev, vibs &v 'ApLo'rwvos, S r L ipXov-ro MicWovor (401 B.C.), 5sa7 rrapror dirb KaXMkov, 4 ' oi (405 B.C.) qoatv oi 7rhdovs 7,vy 0o0-

tchXa rTEXEVTTaL. Arg. 2.

INTRODUCTORY ANALYSIS.

THE pathetic interest of this drama is evident at once. It has also

a deep religious significance.

The key-note of the Oedipus Tyrannus was the absoluteness of the

Eternal Laws, ' which crush him who violates them, whether he do so

consciously or unconsciouslyx.' But though the unconscious offender

suffers, shall he not find peace at last? Nay, shall not his sufferings be

hereafter a source of blessing? If justice require expiation, does not ahigher justice also require that the 'demand of a good conscience' shallbe satisfied ?

In his treatment of the 'Passing of Oedipus,' Sophocles has found away of exhibiting this and various other aspects of the contrast betweenthe outward and the inward life, and also between particular anduniversal obligations.

The sacredness of sorrow, the power of affection, the humane andequitable spirit of Athens, the sadness of life and the beauty of a peace-ful death, are cognate elements of interest.

The picture has a cold shadow, which helps to enhance this warmevening glow. Oedipus brings peace to the men of good-will, butloudly curses his own sons, who have preferred their selfish domination,and the supposed interests of their narrow community, to the claims ofequity, mercy, and filial piety. Even this harshness is to be relievedhereafter through the far-reaching affection of Antigone, but the angerof Oedipus is inexorable. His end is peaceful, however; and the brightunsullied life of Nature closes softly round him in his repose.

1 Oed. Tyr. Introductory Analysis.

OEDIPUS COLONE US.

The following sketch may assist the student in tracing out the formwhich the art of Sophocles has given to this aspect of the legend.

Sc. 2. Oedipus, blind (0. T. I270 foll.) and old, led by histrp

60oyor. daughter Antigone, who is still almost a child, appearsbefore the grove of the Furies at Colonus, a place near the Academy,and about a mile distant from Athens. The whole neighbourhood isfull of sacred associations, and the shrines of Poseidon and Prometheusand of the Eumenides would fill an ordinary stranger with awe. Buthis long-continued sufferings, combined with a sense of inward purityand dignity, have inspired Oedipus with a religious confidence that,'casts out fear.' The avenging deities have no terror for him, for'his deep stains were incurred unintentionally and have been more thanexpiated. They came not 'from within,' and cannot lastingly 'defile.'He longs to end his course, and has an inward witness that the dreadgoddesses will vindicate him and will consecrate his name; but onlyon one condition, viz. that the people of Athens shall be willing tofollow the Divine direction in accepting the person of Oedipus, which,though ruined, still bears the stamp of nobleness even outwardly.

Appearances are not encouraging. For Oedipus is toldby the first Athenian he meets that he is trespassing on

holy ground, and having, with the cautious timidity of age andblindness, hidden himself out of the path, he is seen by the local

guardians of the deme (who form the Chorus) just as heParodos.

approaches the holiest part of the grove. He conformsMAn ar to their scruples, and is just seated under promise of pro-

~O1Vs*1. tection from them, when they discover who he is, and in

their horror are ready even to break their promise and violate sanctuary,so as to be rid of the pollution of his presence. But when Antigoneand Oedipus have appealed to their religious feeling and to the well-known righteousness of Athens, they yield so far as to agree to referthe difficulty to Theseus, who is accordingly sent for.

Meanwhile Ismene appears, and warns her father of theSc. 3.

impending strife between his sons, and of the coming ofCreon, who is sent to bring Oedipus to the borders of Thebes. Hiscountrymen wish to have him in their power, but will not admit himto Theban ground even after death.

Oedipus prays that the strife of his two sons, who have allowed him

56

NOTES. 57to be cast forth and have since neglected him, may end in the ruin ofthem both. He defies Creon and the Thebans, if Athens will onlyextend to him her protection, for which she will receive a lasting boon;and he derives new confidence from the oracle reported by Ismene,which, in foretelling that the victory or defeat of Thebes depends onhim, restores to him some measure of his former greatness.

By the advice of the Chorus he now undertakes the cus- . 4.tomary .rite of purification. _They insist on minute cere-monies, while he dwells rather on the wording of the prayer; and whilethey allow that the rite may be performed by another for him, he addsthe comment, 'A pure intention in the offerer is all.'

When Ismene is gone to make the offering, the Chorus interrogateOedipus on his misfortunes. He here as repeatedly elsewhere through-out the play pleads his entire innocence because of theunconsciousness of his acts, and holds fast his integrity, as

one more sinned against than sinning.Then Theseus comes, and his very coming is felt to clear

Sc. 5.the air. With princely kindness and dignity, and with aconfidence in himself that contrasts forcibly with Oedipus' relianceon Divine support, he of his own accord offers help to the stranger,and, on hearing the request of Oedipus, grants it before he under-stands its full purport. The character of Theseus gives ease andswiftness to the action of the play, and his cheerful serenity, as of onewho has had his trials and overcome them, at once puts to shame thesuperstition of the Chorus, and (like the middle distance in a picture)adds depth to the peace of Oedipus, which is rooted in a deepersorrow. His condescension, however admirable, betrays a natural un-consciousness of the true relation existing between himself and themysterious stranger.

Oedipus, having been finally received under the protectionof Athens and of the Coloniatae, is welcomed to Colonus in ist Stasi-

a beautiful choral ode, in which are celebrated the charms of mon.the immediate neighbourhood, and the glories of Athens.

But Creon now arrives and tries to ' set down the pegs thatmake this music.' In the Oed. Tyr. the character of Creonis estimable, though somewhat cold. But in the Oed. Col. he assumesthe necessary part of the accuser. And Sophocles is more solicitousabout the effect to be produced through the tragedy which he is

58 OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

composing, than about the consistency of the same character in differentplays (cp. Odysseus in the Ajax and Philoctetes). Creon's part in theaction is to disturb the peace of Oedipus for a time, so as to test itsreality, and make it more striking in the end.

He first professes to be moved with compassion for Oedipus, andthen affects surprise that the incorruptible Athens should protect aman who is proved to be a parricide and impure. To this Oedipus re-plies with somewhat of his old impetuosity. Creon threatens to carryoff Oedipus, and actually sends away Antigone, at the same time avow-ing that he has already arrested Ismene when about her offering.

Sc.. Theseus, who has been sacrificing to Poseidon, is againsummoned and interposes. By his promptness of action in

calling the people from the sacrifice to the pursuit, he rescues themaidens and restores them to their father's arms, the Chorus in

2nd Stasi* the interval having chanted a strain of triumphant antici-mon. pation.

Next Polynices comes, and Oedipus reluctantly consents tosc. s. see him, the Chorus, before his arrival, condoling over the3rd Stasi- vexations of age, and the successive waves of trouble which

mon. are breaking over the head of Oedipus.

Polynices is penitent at the sight of his father, and modestlyurges his request, adding that both he and Oedipus are exiles

and should make common cause against Eteocles. By way of answerto him, Oedipus thunders out his curse, which he justifies by pointingto the unfilial conduct and self-aggrandisement of Polynices, and con-trasting this with the behaviour of the maidens. Polynices departsgloomily, but not without an assurance that the affection of Antigonewill honour him after his death.Sc. -o. The end is now at hand, and is preluded by 'thunderingsKo#01 arTta. and voices' and a tempestuous sky. At this the Chorus are

full of horror, while Oedipus retains his calmness. He knows the sign,and Theseus is a third time called. Oedipus makes his solemn compactwith him, and they depart together, followed by a prayer of the Chorus

4th Stasi- that no disturbance may attend the stranger's death, no Cer-mon. berus or Fury trouble him. (Cp. Cymbeline, 4. 2, 'No

exorciser harm thee! I Nor no witchcraft charm thee! | Ghost unlaidforbear thee l I Nothing ill come near thee! [ Quiet consummationhave; I And renowned be thy grave i')

NOTES. 59A messenger presently appears and relates the final scene, .

the subterranean voice which summoned Oedipus, his lastwords to his children, their leaving him with Theseus; lastly, howTheseus was found alone, showing signs of the influence of some greatawe.

Then the children re-appear and bewail their father.'Some natural tears they shed but wipe them soon.' For Sc. 22.Theseus enters once again and pacifies them. Commos.

When compared with the Oedipus Tyrannus, the Oedipus Coloneusappears wanting in dramatic interest. And several of the speeches,especially those of Creon and Polynices, are not free from prolixity.But there is no play of Sophocles which contains so rich a blending oflyrical sweetness with meditative depth.

The serene beauty and harmony of the whole work will not bearanalysis or description; but will be apparent to any one who has a feel-ing for poetry, and has learned enough of Greek to read the play at allconsecutively. Two passages have been always chiefly admired; the firststasimon, in which the glories of Colonus are celebrated, and the speechof the messenger who narrates the last actions of Oedipus. Throughouteach of these two passages, in different ways, reigns the spirit of peace-fulness which marks this drama as the poem of Divine Atonement: thecheerful repose of nature around the sacred spot answering to thetranquillity of soul which subdues natural horror in the final scene.

The speech of the messenger may be left without further comment. Itcan hardly fail to make the right impression. But the mention of the firststasimon recalls a disputed subject, on which a few words may be addedhere,-the relation of Greek poetry to external nature.

Although all creation was full of life to the Greeks, they were tooentirely occupied with human interests, too socially active, and had toolittle cultivated the peculiar sentiment which has sprung up in moderntimes among the refinements of security and leisure, to care much forseparate descriptions of scenery. Hence it is only at rare intervals, andfor some special reason, that the Greek tragedians are found to dwell atany length on natural beauties, and, even in the present instance, it is thesacredness rather than the picturesqueness of the objects around Colonusthat supplies the motive for describing them. And yet in doing so thepoet reveals a spirit akin to that of Wordsworth. Indeed, in all his

OEDIP US COLONEUS.

plays there is abundant proof, that in the love of nature, and especiallyin the homefelt charm of familiar sights and sounds, in the minutenessand vividness of impressions and in tenderness for all that lives andgrows, Sophocles does not come behind the most nature-loving of modernpoets. Single words and phrases, ' the deep-bass-note of the seawardrock,' ' the solitary man roaming through mountain caves,' ' the osieryielding its branches to the torrent,' ' the bird that sees its nest madedesolate,' recur at once to the memory when we speak of this. Twofragments may be referred to here as illustrating the characteristicquality of Sophocles' poetry in this respect: Fr. 24 (ed. Nauck):

wrEp ydap v 4.w'XXot'rt atiytpov IaKpais,

/cap 6XAho 1j3E'v, a"Xd X 7 ~roIEVs Ic6pa* mjCtuL * TLs * ab'pa * cdvaxovpitE 7 rEpdOv.

The other, Fr. 593, is too long for quotation. It is the description ofthe poor filly, whose mane has been clipped for the first time, and whosees herself as she goes to drink of the stream in the meadow:

p4PE, cav advotlmrpcoCV rts oiLTLELE vV

r7TThrova alaXv'vataor o'a pal'vTat

wrrvOoaa a Kalovaa T v Irdpos (P6d v.

The Oedipus Coloneus is believed to be one of the latest works ofSophocles, and it affords more than one point of comparison with theTempest, which is sometimes supposed to have been the last of Shake-speare's plays. In both the dramatic interest is subordinated to theexpression of a thought. In both, more than in the poets' otherdramas, we are allowed to trace something of their own feelings. Thesubject of each is a profound reconcilement. Oedipus, whose sins wereinvoluntary, finds peace with the gods after long trial and sorrow. Hispurity of intention is vindicated through the discomfiture of those whohad judged him by his outward acts. Prospero too had been long anoutcast, and he too triumphs through auspicious fortune, but his powerupon his enemies is to forgive them. The difference between ancientGreek and modern Christian feeling may be fairly measured by com-paring the tone of Oedipus to Polynices with that of Prospero to Alonzo.

In certain aspects this last phase of Sophocles bears a superficialresemblance to Euripides. The 'scrip' and 'rags' which Aristophanesridicules in Telephus are no less worn by Oedipus in this play. Thepy di7rb art~rv , or what may be called the operatic scenes, forma more prominent feature than in other plays (except in the Philoctetes,

60

2VOTES,

which is likewise late), and while the choral odes are still intimatelyblended with the action, each of them has a distinct theme, and iswrought up into an independent lyric poem. Thus we see that whathave been regarded as the innovations of Euripides were in part theresult of a more extensive alteration in the spirit of Attic Tragedy.

It may be doubted whether even an Athenian audience can haveimmediately entered into the full meaning of the poet. What theymissed in this way was, however, in some measure compensated by thevividness with which they must have appreciated the praises of Athensand the assurance of victory over Thebes.

Some points in the treatment of character may be observed, such asthe instinctive tact of Antigone, arising out of her affection, and thequerulousness of old age in Oedipus, which is not suffered to detractfrom his essential nobleness and dignity: also the persistency of hisresentment against those who had wronged him, which during hisyears of exile (cp. Philoctetes) has hardened into a fixed idea. Theprincely heart of Theseus commends itself at once and need not be furthernoticed here.

Colonus is mentioned by Thucydides (8. 67) as a place without thecity, about ten stadia distant, and sacred to Poseidon. It was herethat the people were assembled in 411 B. C., when under the influence ofterror they gave silent assent to the abrogation of the democracy and theusurpation of the 'provisional government' of the Four Hundred. Itwas called ' Colonus of the Knights' to distinguish it from the ' Colonusof the Agora' within the city. It was, in all probability, the place stillknown by the same name, although the nature of the ground has beensomewhat changed. The grove of the Eumenides must have been onthe further side from Athens towards the Cephisus, on the N. E. slopeof the rising-ground. The sacred places and objects would also begrouped thereabout;-the 'brazen floor or threshold,' the stone tombor sarcophagus, the wild pear-tree, the Thorician stone, the lustral vases,the record of Theseus and Peirithois, the bowl gathering water fromthe grassy dell. A somewhat higher knoll about a quarter of a mile tothe eastward, is the ' hill of Demeter Euchloiis.' Oedipus and Antigoneapproach from the villages to the N. W. and, when the play opens, havethe Acropolis in view, the grove being seen to the left. When Oedipushides himself the scene seems to have changed to the side towardsAthens, with the grove in the central background.

OEDIP US COLONE US.

Lines 1-116. Prologos. The scene is laid at Colonus, with Athensin the distance. Antigone is leading her father Oedipus, now blind andold, to a spot close to the sacred grove of the Eumenides. When he isseated and making inquiries, a Svos enters and gives an account of theregion, warning Oedipus of the sacred nature of the place where he issitting. On the departure of the ivor, who goes to give information tothe inhabitants of Colonus, Oedipus offers a prayer to the dread god-desses. On the approach of the inhabitants he retires a little from theroad into the grove.

1. I. 'AVTLy6VTi. 1. 3. Ot8Li owv. As usual the names of the dramatis

personae are mentioned: cp. O. T. I.11. I, 2. ',vas.. X,%povs. For the pl. cp. infr. 64 7r

6 rovs, but the par-

ticular place is put in the singular, e. g. 16, 24.1. 3. 'r6v rwhyc"VqT~lV O5LiroUw. Contrast this epithet with O. T. 8

6 ran , AGbs OSi~iIovT. In like manner Orestes wandered, before

coming to Athens and finding purification, Aesch. Eum. 238 foll.

1. 4. TrTv viv. To-morrow he may have gone elsewhere. o-wavLo-rTO^s,'scanted,' cp. Aesch. Pers. 489, 90 brEaravtiEv ovs I Pops.

1. 6. 4'povTa, 'obtaining'= qEpdtEvov, cp. O. T. 590 vYit, 1Ab Yap Eao ravr' a VV qp3OV ppo. aica almost = KaTot, El. 597. 'apKoOv,

sc. Oipw.11. 7, 8. XAC Xp6VOS tvOv ( acp6s, 'and Time abiding with me long.'

For the personification of Time cp. infr. 609, 617, 8, 0. T. 1082, 3,Aj. 646. For vv'v cp. Aj. 337, 8 TOLtS waat vo'oW1acLt vvo0.3o. Theposition of ipacp6s is emphatic, and shows it to be an important addi-

tion to the predicate.1. 8. ,rp'rov. The word adds point to ra yEvvatov. Cp. infra 331

bvaor6

pov 8' AEpo' 7'pTq, Aj. 1174 ia 71a8E Ici atavro, rpiTrov.

1. 9. *0cKCqoLV. ' Means or opportunity of sitting.' The MSS. have

Odacotrv, which may be taken with the imperative as a dative of place,assisted by the addition of rp's B &. Xot, but the correction adoptedin the text is simpler. Cp. Phil. 17, 18 A'iov 31t7 I r'pea'rtv 'vOdclrss.

1. Io. Oedipus is not bound by the fear of local sanctities, but as asuppliant will sit even wrrps ao rE oLV 01ev, if a convenient place presentitself. The words perhaps express the foreboding to which he refersinfr. 97, and his consciousness of the promise of Phoebus to him,90

o . See Introd. Anal. p. 56.1. II. &os rvOo4e0a. These words, if the optative is retained, depend

on ar'iTov .. ei 3AIrE1rT Odaqvt . 'Place me in a seat, if you see such an

one, that we might learn.' As there is no certainty that Antigone willfind a seat, or that they will learn where they are, the mood may bedefended, as expressing greater uncertainty than the subjunctive. Otherreadings (corrections) are rvO~'eiOa, TrrOolV0IO' dv.

62

NOTES. LINES 1-28. 63

1. 12. (KoLEV is to be taken partly in a literal sense, 'we are here tolearn,' and partly in a figurative, 'we are reduced to the point of learn-ing.' Cp. El. 1201 L4dvor -yap 7frcw 7o i' otS dXA'ycv calos, infr. 1265, 6,and note. For the infin. cp. infr. 35.

1. 13. &v *8'. ' was added by Elmsley. A possible reading is X&v=iai dv.

15.15. a-EryooLv, 'protect,' Aesch. S. c. T. 216 r'bppov crE'yEtv EiJXEcr7roklptov 86pv (' pray that the tower may keep off the enemy's spear'),

797 "rTErst irbp- oj (' is a protection'). &s &w' 6 fID&'rcov, rpowo, (I) 'are

distant to view,'-hr used as in 's ydpovrT (20), Ws S1d 6

r (76); (2) 'tojudge by the eye, are distant.'

1. 16. ip6s. For the Ionic form cp. eEi^vos, yovvos, which are used

even in senarii=CE'vor, .dvor, e.g. 33, 49, but here there is nometrical necessity for the form [see Ellendt, Lex. sub voce]. &s ,R-KicOa, 'to form a conjecture.' dwTEUadCE(Y is to form a conjecture fromthe sight of a thing, &rd6 being used as in daroyavTEdscOa. Ppov. Theparticiple gives the reason for the conjecture.

1. 17. Asyndeton is frequent in enumerations, cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 502, 3

XaXic v, alippov, 4apyvpov, Xpvadv re r7S I qaELtE a v wripotk v kevpELsEAo9; The genitive, which is here employed for the more usual con-

struction with the dative, is explained by the notion of 'fulness,''abundance,' contained in 6pv'wv. 'TIv6irTEpoL, Imany-winged nightin-gales,'='many fluttering nightingales.' Note the synaphea, ,rwucd-irTEpOL 3', and cp. O. T. 1224. The question is worth raising-were thenightingales actually heard by the spectators? The same doubt arisesin regard to El. 18 &Ca ctvri qpO 'ytar' b6pvi0ov eoaqp.

1. 19. oi, adv. of place, 'here, therefore.' &o ,rov kLOov,=.8BOpovdcalcTIapvov, infr. 10I.

1. 20. cs YipovTL. These words are to be taken with CaKp&v, 'longfor an old man.' Cp. 0. T. 763 's y,' dv)p I 3oAos.

1. 21. -rAv U14X6v. Cp. O. T. I153 pz 3ira .. Tri ypovra' i' abd y,

supr. 3.1. 22. 'I have been a learner too long to need this lesson.'1. 23. WrOL KCLOcoTc~LEV, ' whither we have come and where we are set.'1. 25. tro0r6 *y', sc. that Athens was the city in sight. [There can

be no doubt that TO9T6

*-y' is right as against "-OJTOy, though this hasthe authority of the MSS. with one exception.]

1. 27. 4oLK4ro os, 'capable of being inhabited.' The compoundwith i perhaps indicates ' such as to be reached or overtaken by habi-tations-to which the habitations of the city extend,' or=' such as tobe furnished with habitations.' Cp. Thuc. 2. 17 ecPj,7 7. 4 ETEiXLXOE.

1. 28. O'LKIT6 S, 'inhabited.' To the rest of the line supply ILOAXE'vTO .


1. 29. vWjv depends on hrkXat, as a dat. of reference, = Xo/rv 'Wpa7rovd rE'Xa, rather than as gen. after the adv. of place. Cp. infr. II56.

1. 30. The natural order of the words is perhaps inverted for the sakeof emphasis. Cp. Phil. 236, 7 ri a', TE'rov, rpoaEXe, ris rpoa1'-yayEv I Xpela, -is

6pyj ; But it is a characteristic idiom in Greek toarrange words in the inverse order, i. e. in an order proceeding from theend or last moment, and not from the beginning or first, e.g. Tp&pev

7Y' ly7vovro, yalovri TE yEoLL EpVq fE. See esp. Hdt. 9. 22. 5 dvaXcu-

pilios.. . ica i'roarpoPs. ropRL4jpLEVOV, =' making hither from the town.'1. 33. &KO'ov. The sentence is broken off at 35, before Oedipus

has time to prefer his request.11. 34, 35. alaLos aK6 ros rrpocrflKLS, 'you have come an auspicious in-

formant,' i. e. 'you have come at the right moment to tell us.' For thismeaning of aronds cp. 1096, 7 Tcj aICorc iEv oVhC ip cs I & ,T i Ev6-

savn's.1. 35. t'rnv. For the relative use of the article cp. El. I144, 5 'rni

lycb .. 7rapaXov: O. T. 200 and note. The use, however, is rare aftera consonant (cp. Phil. 708), so that the reading here is doubtful. a&8q-XoupILev is not found elsewhere. The inf. PpcoaL goes with rpoo 'Icess..

1. 38. The repeated question marks the earnestness of Oedipus; cp.0. T. 1493 I'S 0o70oS rai ; nis apappiE~e, /c.T.A. 6 XcWpos. The articleis used with reference to X&pos in the preceding line. TroO, gen. of pos-session. Cp. Ant. 738 and the use of the gen. with rp's.

1. 41. I. e. -it av av eai/tnrv, hbcov abr-&v T o'- CEtvbVy i voya; Strictlyspeaking 6'voya is also to be taken after 6beaiAniv = 'utter in prayer.'

1. 42. The MSS. read 6 7y' ivOd8' v, but the omission of dv, thoughperhaps defensible, is unusual, and on the other hand &dv is not wanted.

1. 43. Q'XX 8' aXXaXoO KaA&. These words are general in their mean-ing. 'Different customs are honoured in different places.'

1. 44- *TaV 'LKq, 'their suppliant.' For the possessive use of thearticle cp. 284. [MSS. 'r&v', which is metrically wrong.]

1. 45. The MSS. have i'ar' obX', l.r.X., which may be explained, ' Sothat I may not have to go from my resting-place (place of supplication)in this land.' (For the opt. cp. Aj. 88 p&voqy' dv, I must remain.') But*Is is simpler and agrees better with the lines which follow. ' Seeingthat I will not remove.' [i's implies a kind of threat quite out of keep,ing with the pious character of Oedipus all through.-R. E.]

1. 46. ~uj4opas ~vivO ip' ZR-s, 'the compact which involves mydoom,' or taking CSviyeia in its more simple meaning, ' the watchwordof my doom,' i.e. the word which enables me to pass into the rest whichhas long been promised (cp. infr. 87 ff.).

1. 47. o984 I'IvroL. If this reading is retained, p &roi marks an


opposition between the removal of Oedipus and the difficulty of allow-ing him to remain where he is. But ob' iEo 70ro may be right.[Schnw., Weckl., Ellendt.] 'roj'av~LTdvacL, ' to remove' from his placeof supplication on the sacred ground.

1. 48. rrpLv y' &v. . 8p0, ' till I have laid the matter before them (andlearnt) what I am to do.' 8pc- is subjunctive. But if (cp. El. 316and note) 7L may be taken as an indirect relative, Bpci would be theindicative, and the meaning would be much simpler, 'what I amdoing.'

1. 49. 'royL&os. Cp. 1273, 4 dxx' dtir.chas j w #ers d'vavs;1. 50. v =TrodrTc a.1. 52. 4v W pepica1 pcEv, 'to which we have come and in which we are.'

In the perfect 840vcpa, the idea of motion is almost lost in that of rest.Cp. infr. 613, 1052, 1684.

1. 53. K&y. icat is not unfrequent in relative clauses. Cp. O. T.1239 ro'eov yE /cY" ios' loe vtyrl EL, infr. 77 abro^ ~iv' oirTEp KClqvrS V.

1. 56. iv 8', ' and also.' Cp. Aj. 675, O. T. 181. IIpop1 9eds,.supplyiXEL v V. Poseidon is the local deity, but other gods have shrines there.ELrtOErEsLS, 'you rest upon;' ardeEtv is not necessarily to press withthe feet ; cp. Phil. 33 1r7T f Te "E qvhAs c' &vavxiMovri rV.

1. 57. X K6WrovUS. The force of the termination is partly lost. Cp.

17 7rvtrCVOrTpoL, O. T. 846 oloCwvov, and for compounds of rov, Ant.985 and note. In these compounds the second member is a wordsuitable to the context, but not actually required by it. For the mean-ing cp. 1591.

1. 58. epEl'op' 'A60vrov. The 'stay' of Athens was the tomb ofOedipus, but its importance is supposed to have been propheticallyanticipated. So in Aj. 599 Salamis is called raOrav rEpipavror daE.Others explain the words literally of the lowest part of the rock onwhich Athens was built.

1. 59. -r6vS'. The presence of the guardian deity is assumed, cp. 65ToVe 701o EsoO. 8e in Sophocles does not necessarily imply what is

present to the senses, cp. 78. But the 'genius loci' may have beenrepresented in some way.

11. 62, 3. o16 X6yoLs .. rXMov, ' honoured, not in story, but more highly,by loving resort.' The sanctities of Colonus were well known to theinhabitants (Sophocles is said to, have been born there), and tenderlycherished by them, though, they had no place in story. Sophocles isaware that he is here breaking fresh ground in mythology.

1. 64. Oedipus, bent on his purpose, catches at the first hint of a com-munity inhabiting the place.

1. 66. - 'irl 7r^ A'rMjOTE 6yos; 'Is deliberation permitted to thepeople ?'

OEDIP US COLONE US.

1. 67. EK. The use of the preposition marks the dependence of Colo-nus on the king; cp. El. 264.

1. 70. iropir6s = rEXAv, 298. If oiv is read, cp. for the omission ofav infr. 1418, 9 ir 7Y&p a'Otr a3 7raXLv TrpTEVZ' a YOLpt 7arYov, ElirC7Tafpiua; But here, as supr. 41, it is easy to substitute dv for ovv, and

indeed dv has considerable MS. authority.1. 71. I. e. A&s d6hAot (6 yOrlEnS) rphS 7r , f Wy e itaTCapT6'Yv (abr6);

For the repetition of IOd'Ao cp. O. T. 777 Oavlpraa, tEv dta, 778 oi'safia, and note. [Another reading with MS. authority is tLoXE1'V, whichof course goes with ca'raprTiawv]. s .. L

6XoL. I As v.. KEpiiVn.

The difference in the moods is due partly to the optative in 7o,

which exercises an influence over the mood in the next line (Aj.1176 and note), and partly to the desire of Oedipus to put theresult more definitely in his replies.

1. 73. t l phrovros, 'if he does not see.' For i'i cp. O. T. III0,and note.1. 74: 6p~ivr, 'full of sight,' i. e. ' clear.' Cp. Aesch. Cho. 844 r7Ti

Tar ' dij ?a i 3XX irovrTa boedcow;1. 75. 'Let me tell you how to escape disaster.' As 71 o-aXjs= is

:rE jp xpaXivat iceXE'ot' dv. Cp. O. T. 543 oTaB' cs iroirov; and note.1. 76. &s [8

6vTL, 'at first sight.' Cp. 15 &I car' litrywwcov. The great-

ness of Oedipus is still apparent, in spite of his condition and circum-stances. Cp. Milton, P. L. 2. 304, 5-

'And princely counsel in his face yet shoneMajestic though in ruin.'

Od. 14. 214 &AX' Euyirn icaXadog~v yE r' 'toat Eitopo^vTa y tyvr tIEltv,

ibid. 20. 194. Shak. Cor. iv. 5. 67 'Though thy tackle's torn, Thoushow'st a noble vessel.'

1. 78. The Stranger ,will not allow Oedipus to remain in the grovewhile he goes to the city, he will acquaint the persons 'on the veryspot' with what has occurred. The pleonasm in ivO&8' a-ro0 is toprevent any ambiguity in 8y6 dr ats. roio-8', cp. 59. pi- KaT' da-rv, i. e.without going so far as the city and announcing the matter there.

1. 80. .. 4. The Epic form (e.g. Od. 3. 215) is more pointed thanEt .. i. Cp. Aesch. P. V. 780 EXho .. I, rorv r XoTrcd rot <pdao& , ?t oyvEiCXtrovra, Choeph. 890 E16SWEv j v1CewAEv 7 v LuICcpEOa. [El .. i Dindorf1. c., and so Nauck in this passage.]

1. 81. lv. Dat. of remote reference. 'Are we free from theStranger's presence ?'

1. 84. B wravlL SELVbres. The tendency to redouble epithets withouta connecting particle is characteristic of Sophocles, cp. Ant. 1204, 5AtOdaTrprov codp I] vvytpefov "'Atov IcoF'ov: El. 851, 1085.

1. 85. 4rwl 8pas (gen. sing.) rp'rcov {4wv, ' on a seat of yours first.'

66

NOTES. LINEs 67-104.

Words are frequently removed from their natural order for the sake ofadding point to the expression. The gen. takes the place of an epithet.Cp. O. T. 178 die'av irpS EtrE'rapov EOo, infr. 127 dXor ih ~s Tv& .. COpav.y7fs, gen. of the region, cp. 45. EKaLFa = frCaxp/a IA'Xq.

1. 87. Cp. O. T. 789 foll. This addition to the prophecy is made tosuit the present play.

1. 88. rarlv is partly predicative, ' spoke of a rest which was this.'1. 89. 4X06vrL in construction with pot, as if the sentence were 7rraXav

7yev'Oatl pot. OEcZv with 6'2pav is possessive, with Evhorraetv subjectivegen., 'a seat belonging to them, and shelter afforded by them.'

1. 91I. KAGIIELV. . P3ov, cp. Eur. Hipp. 87 7'Xor cxa'yatyL' &%7 ep4peipjrv 3ov. The metaphor is from a race. The infinitive is in con-struction with IeAf. Observe the different use of the same verb(KCl rraELv) within a few lines, supr. 85.

1. 92. KE p' iv ocLKaOravra, 'having fixed my habitation there, abenefit to those who had received me,' etc. KE'ps and a'rqv are accu-satives in apposition to the action of the verb. Cp. Eur. Or. 11o5'EXE'&v TadvcoVEV, MvEYENX XVrYv r'licpav, Aesch. Ag. 226. With oiib7-ravra cp. 626 foll.

1. 94. iapyyVa, ' he pledged me.'1. 95. pp6vrv -LV', cp. infr. 1456 ff.

1. 97. ro-rv .. Tra7Ep6v. The meaning of an ' omen' (rrepdv) is here

generalized so as to apply to an inward presentiment, for no outwardsign had as yet been given. Cp. Phil. 1039 EL /iA r ICE'Vpov OELorV ~y715/ib s E'ov.

1. 98. iE yELw 'to lead to the end,' cp. AK qpLtV, Aj. 7, 8 e 84 a'icQp'pet I xvvs Aalvcavq &r Tr ES ipvos 3aLS, infr. 1424 is 6pO8v i'ppEpIav"e&Lyara.

[1. 99. *@Rtv, which is obviously right, is due to the Scholiast. TheMSS. have OIu/&v.]

1. Ioi. P30pov -r68' &(TKE'apVOV, cp. 19 rov0^8' ' d&' i rrov irpov. ForaY.v

3 .. diaclrapvov cp. 84, 85.

1. 102. pCov.. iTipaLrLV, 'an exit for my life.' KarCaLTpOC 1 is a meta-phor borrowed from turning down the end of the thread in weaving.Cp. Hdt. 4. 205 7Vv ( CLr rTE'7T r . [Od. I. 238 er7r Xrd7AXEo0 ohi70-

7rEvaE supplies a kindred metaphor.]1. 104. 8oi^, T, .. X., 'unless perchance I seem to come short in

suffering, though serving continually in labours beyond other men.',EL

6VAs EXeLV is an expression formed like apOv'rces 'XEtV. The other

rendering, 'to be too mean,' is hardly consistent with the bearing ofOedipus toward the dread goddesses, and of his consciousness of dignity.He does not feel that his sufferings have reduced him to insignificance,though he fears that he may not have filled up the sum of them. Schol.

67

68 OEDIPUS COLONE US.

El IA 0 5o80s.. B&E'cOat irpobe74r ,caulv. For the belief that suffering pro-pitiated the gods cp. Thuc. 7. 77 E 7Ty Oeiv 'rip0ovoi orpanTEVatEr,airoXpwJV'T0VS 0q TET. jwp7'uE;a.doXplcs ? 77yre4ppcop p0a.

1. o06. yXUKGIGcL rraiTes, cp. Aj. 394 ff. iCb aordro, Ehvy prs, I " P 0S(paevvo'Tarov, Ws LtO.

1. 107. plEcr's IIahhl 8os KGXo1GxEVCL, ' called the realm of mightiestPallas.'

1. Io09. dvsps Oi8rrov, ' of Oedipus who was indeed a man,' cp. 393T77rva0 a dap' t/' avp ; Aj. 77 rpdaeOw obv, cidvrp 's' 'v; 'have pity onthis weary shadow of myself, who am not the Oedipus of yore.' Forthe apparent absence of a verb cp. 6 ,al Trd' iSapcoVv i1o. 76 7' isfound in one MS. Others have r65'.

1. 112. Xp6vcy 'raXaLol, ' ancient in years.' The pleonasm serves to

strengthen iraXhaoi. Cp. O. T. 1469 yovr "yevvaie.11. 113, 114. Ka. 'r ij' 68o Tr6c KPV p*ov. (I) /y is governed

rpbls r aylatvdiavoV ov by, r6ca pincpov, a more lively expression forrbn'taye, cp. O. T. 31, 32. Or (2) 7rv6a may be used to define pe, cp.Aj. o1062, 3 &v Ov~ia'E avTrbY OV'TLS 4'T' dav ip auOvow TOIOJovY ^ lbTE Uwjparv fAEucra rdTgp, Od. I. 64 rrodv 5v ae iros qpbyEv pcor 6S36'vrov ; But thesecond rendering is improbable, for there is no reason to call attentionto the foot as opposed to the body.

1. 115. iv ydp r^ FetyLv. For the spondee cp. El. 376 Ed ydp r7 va'Jpot, and note.

1. 116. -q6&eLas ,rwv roLovIFrwv, 'caution in proceeding.' Whenmen are well informed, they can act with caution.

11. 117-253. Parodos, and song from the stage (236-253). Theparodos is 'commatic,' i.e. the chorus and the personae take part in it.For a time Oedipus is concealed in the grove, but in 138 he discovershimself to the Chorus, who insist on his removing from the sacredplace. When he makes himself known to them they at once bid himto leave the country, but Antigone entreats them to show mercy. TheChorus, as coming from the immediate neighbourhood, enter from the left.

1. 117. r.s .. ~v; 'who can it be?' The imperfect (v is used, likean aorist, of the immediate past, especially when made the subject ofthought or inquiry. Cp. infr. 15o0, 1697. lro^ vaLe6; Cp. Trach. 98.drOL .. vai'l of a temporary abode, infr. 137.

1. 118. 1KKTrrLOS avOeLs make one predicate, completing evpeZ.1. I20. &Kopi~rmwros, i.e. who would not be satisfied until he had

reached the most holy place of all.1. 125. o0ic. For the order of words cp. 1365 el ' 5q4vpvawa aiabE

p 'lav4T rpo(ob6, 0. T. 137 br'p y'p ob0xt T v LeripWo qiAOSv.1. 126. For the position of is cp. El. 14 roaov6' is 7i's, Aesch. Pr. V.

rot~iS .. rpas w'arpOd, 11. 1.350 0gv' 3 p' bs 7roXAir, and also supr. 85, note.

NOTES. LINES 106-15I.

1. 127. ,r&vS' AsXaOKTyaV kopev. Doric gen. dyatpdcEcos is one ofthe epithets which Sophocles has borrowed from Homer; cp. Aj. i47and note. It occurs again O. T. 176 (of fire).

11. 131 foil. ' Without voice or words expressing our silent thought.'W&#vs refers to the utterance, &B6yws to the conception, of the prayer.

So far from being uttered it is not even formed in definite words.1. 133. 'r& 8 vVv, 'whereas now;' T- viv 3'.

1. 134. &~ovO'. The active form is unusual.1. 135. 30v must be taken with cVa'cyov and again with y7vva,1. 138. '8s' &KETVOS b&y, sc. ri~i. The omission of the ist sing. of eritL

is not common except with i1-roqor, as in O, T. 92. But the syntaxhere is framed upon the common expression 6b'' ilcEiFvor, r65' eIrlvo, inwhich Ecri is omitted. cyavf y&p 6 p, 'for I see by voice.'

1. 139. 'r r4TL60Evov, ' as the saying is.' These words are in a sortof apposition to the sentence. So the phrase r

3 AEy

6e1Evov is often used

in quoting proverbs.1. 141. BELv6 s, K. r. X. The Chorus are struck with horror at the

sight of the trespasser, and not less so at his venturing to speak in thesacred precinct. But they do not seem to perceive his blindness till 149.

1. 142. dvoiov is an addition to the predicate, 'see not a lawlegsman in me.'

1. 144. 'Not at all one of the highest fortune that you should con-gratulate him thereon.' 'ir&v is often put after the word which itqualifies, as e. g. pdo*yts 4t<vu. The gen. tiolpas is best regarded as oneof quality, though the epexegetic eaaiapoviatL would take a genitive.

1. 146. 8jX 8, sc. Toto ror civ, ' I am clearly what I say.' 68e,'thus.'

1. 148. K&WarI o'LLKpots jyas Aptxov, (i) 'or moored my great self bya slight stay.' For the construction cp. Plutarch, Solon, c. 19 oi6vyeoErrt 8vdt' IovXaals errwep dyns7pair 6poviea 2iTroV i'v OaaV icrEYOat. Butthe genitive would be more usual in this construction. (2) ' Should bein haven here, prince as I am, for a small boon.' Oedipus remembersthat before the change in his fortunes his people came to him for pro-tection and help. Cp. infr. 234.

11. 149, 150. &XCiv 6

11RArOV &p4 KcL L cr Tt'r&O& os; The expres-sion is perhaps used for apa a t~ aOa dxa& 61plara qw'dar, i.e. E'XYV.

Apa Ka have become displaced in the eagerness to give prominence todXaav Buiy6rcw. 'And art thou also blind?' The Chorus, in theirhorror at the trespass of Oedipus, had not at first noticed his blindness.

11. 150, 15 1. If the note of interrogation is placed after 6vrao thatword is merely an interjection, 'unhappy one!' and the next line is anafterthought, 'aged too so far as one may see!' If the stop is putafter (vrdTXJALos, the words which follow form a more connected sentence:

69

OEDIP US COLONE US.

'so far as one may see, he has lived his unhappy life for long.' [Forfa/paiwv 7 r, where the MSS. read paipawv 7E 0' is, other readings arepalpaicv r' &', faicpalwo' 0' o &.]

1. 152. iv Y' 'Fo, 'as far as lies in me,' i.e. if I can prevent it.1. 153. ob .. rpoe 0etLs, (I) 'you shall not add (to your woes) these

curses.' Cp. O. T. 820 '"yd 'r' E'av'rT rdas' aph6 6 lVpoor~lGS. TheChorus will not allow Oedipus to bring additional misery on himself bytrespassing in the holy grove. Or (2) 'you shall not bring upon thetown-.' ,rdo-8E = 'r&v37 T7v OEWv.

1. 154. ' Thou art trespassing.' For the metaphorical use of irepavcp. Aesch. Fragm. 379 (N.) TC 74Ep&wvrI , rIv OG'LtYv, inf. 886.

1. 155. iv..vC&reL. In Epic Greek i with the dative is used afterTL7TTrw and other verbs of motion instead of Eds with the accusative.

This construction is repeated here.1. 156. IvaO is in construction with riv .. . acaL4 , 161. 708',

'yonder,' of a thing near but not close at hand. Cp. El. 4, 7, 1o.11. 15 7-6o. (i) ' Where the watery basin runs together with a flowing

of sweet streams,' i. e. where sweet fresh streams meet in a (natural)basin. The Kpa-rip is the place from which the water for libations wasdrawn. Others translate, (2) 'where the bowl of water meets the flowof honeyed draughts,' alluding to the mixture of honey in the libations,infr. 481. PtLELXLXL' may contain an allusion to EsA~aao aL, cp. Aesch.Pers. 61o veipoi'otL ELAt/crptLa.

1. 161. "r&v, neut., referring to the previous description. The gen. isdue to the notion of avoidance in ( 4XagaL.

1. 162. The want of a connecting particle between the verbs marks theeager excitement of the Chorus.

1. 163. YroXX & KeG'uOS EPpaT EL. The Chorus are under the im-pression that Oedipus cannot hear them, and give this reason tothemselves.

1. 166. ilXEt, the reading of the MSS., is irreconcileable with themetre; hence o'LfrELs, a marginal reading, has been preferred.

1. 167. irphs .cdv XMo-Xav, 'for us to consider in council.' Ant. 16oov'y1CXpV rov 77VE 'yEp

6VTr AEWY 'aXlV.

1. 168. va iraco v6 pos, sc. i6ar IwvEIY. 'Where custom permits all

to speak.' Cp. O p 0'p, dl OILs.

1. 17o.

'Daughter, whither in thought can one go?' i.e. What canone do? Cp. Aj. 403, 4 7roi' -r oAl cp47y; , oi yoXliv IvW; For themeaning cp. Phil. 834 7rW1 3'E OL ra O0Evy Cpporio50s;

1. 171. I. e. 'we ought to study conformity to the citizens' usages.'1. 174. 11 .. &LKCyOdi, cp. Tr. 802 /A f' a6ro, O

6dvw.1. 175. oroC. Oedipus singles out the speaker from the eivot, as one

who is responsible for his treatment. Such variations, however, are

70

NOTES. LINES 152-195.

common in regard to the Chorus, according as the whole or one personare addressed. E-ravaordCs, 'leaving my place of security.'

11. 176, 7. oil TOL [LITOE .. TLs S tE1. This is an instance of the in-dicative future after oib p, in the sense of an assertion. For this cp.infr. 849 ob 'ii dsonrops-ver, El. 1052 ob o) yEOdoopat, Arist. Frogs,508 7rv'Ay 'AX6hh oi po' a' 3Y 1r rEpt~'dopatL cdrEXOd'vra. Elmsley deniedthe construction altogether in this sense, altering 4a'st into dpy, ooL opj-aElr into 68oLrop?~o-; and Hermann denied it in the second person.But the instances quoted prove the existence of the construction in thefirst and third person; and for the second, in addition to 680orop5o6Er, wefind ob l/) iroi7rrE in Aeschines, Ctes. § 177. Moreover, the construc-tion of o' /j with the subjunctive occurs in all three persons, and it isdoubtful whether any distinction can be drawn between this and theuse with the indicative. [The subjunctive in Homer being used in nega-tive assertions like the future, o yyq-rat is perhaps the parent construc-tion of oVb 12' y&ivrat, wflich is merely a later refinement, oob jI beingunknown to Homer. But cp. ' Outlines of Grammar.']

I. 178. Cr' o~iv [F't .rrpoP3 ] ; Oedipus moves forward a few steps andthen asks, 'is that enough, or must he go further?' The words gre7rpol3& are like a gloss, and the line has four syllables more than thecorresponding line 194.

1. 181. &ELS, ' have sense,' 'see and understand.'1. i84. r6XQa, i.e. bring yourself to do it. Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 999,

1000 r6djAiyov, i yadiraie, rd'XjydY TOTE I7TPS 'a-d 7rapovaras inypovar0p9Os qppovav. 'Bring yourself, unhappy one, when sojourning in astrange land, to cherish the same hatreds with the citizens and to re-spect their loves.'

1. 185. riTpo~Ev diLXov, ' nurtures in dislike,' i.e. regards with habitualdislike.

1. 189. ~v' av. 'va,=' where;' av goes with 4'rojLE. 'Where, taking

our stand upon piety, we may speak and hear.' dv is never in Atticused with Va in the same manner in which it is used with &s or 'rr)ca.Eoesplas rLpaQLvovr s. These words combine a literal and figurativesense, 'standing where it is right,' and 'with reliance on piety.' Forthe latter cp. Phil. 1463 6~7fs oV7roTe T7-la' ErtdCivrEr, Od. 23. 13 aao-4'poa'v77l TE'Ier'av.

1. 192. acL-ro), sc. Aive. avrLwir&pov, 'rocky;' cp. dvr,o, dvrTtovXoT,avrials. It is not necessary to translate, 'opposite to a rock.' w'r68 oKXCv4S, cp. O. T. 468 'iroa vopaiiv. In ihlivEy there is the additionalnotion of stepping out of the way.

1. 195. 'Shall I be seated?' 'Yes, bending low upon the surface ofthe stone.' ' rO = &o-i 0, aor. subj. of ''otyat. [The form is said to beun-Attic, so that i orTi; is sometimes read; but this does not suit the

7r

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

context immediately following. Hermann defends the form (of whichthis is the solitary instance) on the ground that the word is used here ina passive sense, inasmuch as Oedipus could not be seated without theassistance of Antigone.] XEXptos is not necessarily 'sideways;' it conveysthe general notion of a position other than' upright.

1. 196. hov. This form of the genitive is unique [Dind. Ador].B&Xo-as, 'bending the limbs close together.' Cp. II. 13. 281 ahANperoCXa ' et lai br' dLA0 orEpovr 2rdva6 iLteS, of a cramped position.

11. 197, 198. Antigone assists her father. iv grovxiq does not cor-respond to 182 ka' dLtavp-, which requires *lcrvXaL'a. The meaning isnot quite certain, (I) 'gently fit step to step,' i.e. step forward withcare; (2)'gently fit thy steps to mine,' or, reading 7javXait, 'fit thystep to my quiet step;' (3) taking P3ao-et as the piece of rock, ' fit thy footinto its quiet resting-place.' [apydraL, the reading of the MSS., whichwould depend on AaV rd3' (' it is my duty to fit') cannot stand, owingto rpolcAivas in 201, hence &pjtocra, imperat. mid.]

1. 203. BTE vflv XaLs, ' now that you give way.' For the absolute useof XaAa cp. infr. 840 XaXav Ayc aot, and hcaup' in 85.

1. 204. 'rLs 'ivs Ppo riov; ' what is thine origin ?' For the use of r&as part, of the predicate cp. O. T. 151 ri.. l3as; (' of what sort . artthou come ?').

1. 205. rls 6 'rokhuovos &yeL; has less authority than ris Cv, but ismore exact metrically, and 6 is distinctly better than fvy. The articleis used as in rbYv rAav4T7rv, -y 7' v TX6v, etc.

1. 208. &wb6Iro'XLs, sc. Etii. Cp. 138, 144. For the compound with

a&ro-, which is stronger than 'roXLT, cp. O. T. 215.1. 209. &wIrvvwrELs. For this sense of dro- in composition cp. d7trerdE^,

arTayopEvEtv, diro wdvat (' to swear not to do').1. 211. ' Nor search me out, inquiring further.' Cp. Od. 19. I16.1. 212. 'JL 'r68,; ELwad ,orLs, gives a syllable more than is needed.

Elmsley read r7i 3; 3ev. pGars,. Herm. Ti 70o'; aiv' prvLs. 8ELVdd4ows, sc. iu'ri tot. pv'rts =' birth.'1. 216. cLpoL ciy, rL wdrOc,; cp. Od. 5. 299 Ao iycb, Ti rdOcW; 7 vV'

/1ot lltoCra g iv~rat; This is one of the many expressions in Sophocleswhich remind us of Epic poetry. Cp. O. T. 145, 6, 975, Aj. 147, etc.(see Index), infr. 380, 1477.

1. 217. ' Thou art in an extremity.'1. 219. *ihkETrov [Herm. for tih'XN e]. The dual is used because

Oedipus and Antigone have been conversing apart. *&Xve, Elmsl. forraxVErCe.

1. 220. After Aatou tore ,rv' the MSS. insert drdyovoi,, which themetre will ,not allow, without some alteration of the line; and drdyovoyis probably a note on the genitive. A long syllable (@ ?) is lost.

72


1. 222. 018Lr6'Bav. The Homeric form is used for OI6irovv. Cp.O. T. I195 rX i/ov Ol dra, and note. iW', ' that man.'

1. 223. Construction rps 9b T6larv6/Levov: 'have no fear with regard

to what I say,' =' fear not what I say.' Cp. O. T. 31, infr. 583, 4-1. 224. S0crLopos, sc, eyrd; as in 141, 208, the evil fate of Oedipus

seems to be threatening him once more.1. 227. & 8' nrirjk(o 'iot KaraO1ctELs; 'but where,' i. e. 'how,' ' will

you redeem your promise ?' (given 176, 7), For /araO'creLr cp. Pind.Nem. 7. I 12 ob paXds ely icatraOI1,EV.

1. 229. 'To no man cometh punishment from the fates in respect ofa matter wherein he has been the first to suffer, that he should bepunished on account of that,' i. e. TialT (Trodov), &v irpordcop, Tob LVEJyV(robrwv T[icY). Iv takes the case of its antecedent, instead of i (ad-verbial acc.) or iv oli. ro rivewv is acc. in apposition to the sentence,expressing the result. Other interpretations have been given : Hermanntranslates, ' Nemo punitur ob injuriam prius acceptam si eam rependit.'But there is no reason to suppose that the difference between rivEa0at(to exact a penalty) and TrivEv (to pay a penalty) is neglected in thispassage. The Chorus urge that a promise obtained by fraud or givenin ignorance may be broken without entailing any penalty. For thesubjunctive after a relative without dv cp. O. T. 1231 ati pavJo, El.

771 Av 'rvXp, infr. 395 viOS rfa,, and note. [The question of theomission of av in Sophocles is elaborately treated by Ellendt, sub vocex. I.]

1. 23o. Cp, Phil. 138 7Xva ydp E'XVa 'ripar wpoi'Xce, Eur. Bacch.905 i~ pa 8' frpos 'TEpov I b'AB.Y ai Uvvipet 7rapXOEv. 8' = ' for.' The

general sense is, 'he who deceives another must expect deceit andtrouble, not kindness, in return.' Cp. Aesch. Fr. 294 (N.).

1. 232. EXe v is epexegetic infin. after &vL8 8 or V.

1. 233. s8p6&vov. The genitive depends on ~/cronros, 'vacating thisseat.'

1. 234. d4oppos Et'&s X0ov 6 s, 'removed from this seat and so withouta mooring-place in my land;' 'cast off from my land.' The derivationfrom bpEe^v is preferable to that from 6pMav, and introduces a commonmetaphor. Cp. supr. 148, note (2).

1. 235. XpEos is a word which Sophocles uses in a sense slightlydifferent from the ordinary meaning, cp. O. T. 156. Here the word iseuphemistic for ay-or, 'debt' for 'guilt.'

1. 236. rrpoo-diqs, cp. O. T. 667.1. 238. c'L6S

6povEs, 'merciful.' Antigone appeals to the religious

feeling of the Chorus in order to obtain mercy for the suppliant. Thesense of &k' irde . . &XX' 494 is, ' though you have determined to rejectmy father, still hear me, if not him.'


1. 240. &KvvT(V=a'CovouWV. Cp. infr. 977 alov 7rp&-pa, O. T. 1230&&vTa covl'c a ovYra.

1. 243. g6VOv, ' for my own father,' 'my father and no other,' cp.infr. 321. 6puvor is a favourite word with Sophocles; see Ellendt'sLexicon, sub voce. In this place it merely adds a tone of patheticinsistence.

1. 245. I. e. 'speaking to you as a daughter of your own.' ThusAntigone excuses her boldness of speech, and turns it into a claim. Cp.Od. 3. 24 alac' 8' aW v'ov lvspa yepa'rcpov ipiearOat, and ib. I. 308io e warT p c aal, sca oi 7ro7e hXaoflat abrTv.

1. 247. iv { pv, cp. Aj. 519 civ aol 7a' 'ycWye o1'Coat. W's GE~, cp. Od.13. 230, I co y7&p y Ye I -i'Xopat L "rr OECD cal ard (piha yov'vaO' lrcw.

1. 249. KELE0a, cp. the Homeric OEw^v iv yov'vart IcLETrat: the wordvcare also is usually applied to the gods. Bi.d86'rov, 'ideoque pluris,si concedatur, faciendum.' Linwood.

1. 250. &C o4sEV, 'coming from thyself.' These words apply properlyto ,rIKvov only, but are to be connected by a sort of zeugma in a moregeneral sense with XI'Xos, xpos,

6 E6S.1. 251. 4AXXos, 'wife.' The MSS. have A',yor, which, if genuine, is

difficult. Perhaps, however, the meaning may be, ' all that you prizein speech or act.' Xpeos, 'possession,' 'interest.'

1. 252. Ppor-rZv is a partitive genitive. For the sentiment cp. Aesch.S. c. T. 719 O~Ev 8~advcowv obIC ab v iK 'ot aicd.

11. 254-509. First Episodion, into which the parodos lapses with-out any change of scene. The Chorus are so far moved by the entreatiesof Antigone and Oedipus that they agree to leave the matter to thedecision of Theseus. Ismene is now seen approaching (31o ff.). Shebrings an account of what has recently happened at Thebes; the strife ofthe brothers, the banishment of the younger, and the attempt which willbe made to secure Oedipus and carry him to Thebes. On hearing thisOedipus is roused to indignation. The Chorus, who are still somewhatalarmed at the position of Oedipus, entreat him to perform the sacredrites of the place; as he is unable to do this himself, Ismene undertakesto do it for him, and leaves the stage for the purpose.

1. 256. r& 8' ~iK N &v 'PE'IovrTs, 'fearing what the gods may do.' Cp.Hdt. 8. 15 73b crnd 1pEew E/avoVTES.

1. 259. [r'v PAoto-lqs, ' since it is falsely set abroad.' Cp. the posi-tion of words in El. 1143 Tpois ] dAvwoe\'rov, where the word dcvrpEXA j Tirohas the force of a predicate. p.&rvY, 'falsely,' without cause or corre-sponding reality, as in El. 1298. PEo1o.as implies 'passing away.'

1. 261. p6vas, 'beyond all others.' Cp. supr. 243-1. 262. roO, 'wherein?' i. e. in what respect do I get advantage from

this? Cp. O. T. 390 irov^ ab i/.tdr VTS E; Aj. 1100. OLTLVES, = ELd bAES.


d&Opcov, K. T. ., ' who, after raising me up from this resting-place, thendrive me away from it.' Cp. infr. 276, and supr. 149-196. Thosewho removed a suppliant from a place of refuge were responsible forhis safety.

1. 266. 'Since for my deeds, there is more in them of suffering than ofdoing.' The use of the active participle gives a sort of real and personalexistence to his deeds, and so separates them from himself, cp. Trach. 196,supr. 240. Lear, 3. 2 ' I am a man I more sinned against than sinning.'

1. 270. A'LV, 'in nature.' Cp. Aj. 472 14 rot p'iarv 7y' aXarayXVoyic icdvov yEy

6Jr, El. 325 and note.

1. 271. 1raO6v. At the time of the murder Laius was the first to attackOedipus. Cp. O. T. 807 ff. /al 1' 6 irpicv rsd 6

pa, I 6Xov 7raparrEixovrarp5oas u&rov ica pa Lr8to r/c Evrpoai tsov ecaOlETO. 4pov^v,' with clearknowledge.' Cp. O. T. 316 ,ppoveiY cr eLvIv.1. 272. rpao-ov. The imperfect makes more of the action, and is

thus more graphic than the aorist. Cp. 0. T. 1272 o'O' o0' raersv ofe'daroF' '8pa cadca.

1. 274. 'rracrXov.. &rwXA5 v. In these imperfects the intention issignified, which was not carried out, cp. infr. 993. For a similar useof the aorist, which is rare, cp. Aj. I127. The reference is to Laius andthe exposure of Oedipus. Cp. O. T. 1454 1v' iS i CEiov of A' arTTCXXVtrvOdcvWo.

11. 277, 8. 'And do not, while ye think to honour the gods, in realitymake the gods of no account.' Such is perhaps the translation of thesedifficult lines. This, however, assumes that Io'pats is = Ev ipopa, andthat pyq ae.is can be taken separately from IA'. For the latter cp. El.336 /cat y bo EcY ler Spar 7, 7r/aivEev 3 A , Eur. Fr. 362 (N.), 46-49 oba' cdr' hAdar Xpvos'a 7 ropy6vos I rpiaevav ipOv ararav v i6AoEW

ai'Opots I Ei/'oAror o i Op ae ivao'1tf- e Ac E oEri'voto't, IIaXa 8'obuapAod rpIA7adTal (' nor shall Eumolpus or a Thracian host crown withgarlands a trident set upright on the altar-steps of the city in place ofthe olive and golden Gorgon, while Pallas is held in no honour'). Forthe contrast of meaning cp. Phil. 451, 2 IroD Xp) 7'0saOat vTal7a; wroi 8'alveL', Tray Ij Tr OE' 'rratvWV 7ob0 GsEO'. Evpco icatocr;

1. 281. ppo'rcv, a partitive genitive, cp. Aj. 1358 rotoise roAVT1 4PcorTE

jpA7rXricTrot po-rov.1. 282. ESv ots, (I) i. e. 7Tot dvooo, understood from (wre Avolov

Pporciv, the plural genitive preparing the way for the change of number.Otherwise, (2) bV oTs, i. e. ToI's 0eoS, 'and be you found with them, notsoiling Athens,' joining the words with e'ov E /a/ccpvaaae, and regard-ing /Ca sXVrTe as parenthetical.

1. 283. fPYOLS. It is difficult to say whether ipyotr is primarily dativeof the instrument with K hvr"TE, which, if standing alone, would be

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

somewhat abrupt; or merely dative after 6~ipeTwv, 'paying service tounholy deeds,' cp. supr. 105 p/X00tLT a7rpebov.

1. 284. X~Yyvov, ' under a pledge.' The word is usually active. Cp.the passive use of rcorptor, infr. 487.

11. 285, 6. iKpac 8 I r vo'wp6rowrov, 'the horror of my face.' Cp.Phil. 225, 6 1al /g ' O'crw BEia'aYTs EcnCrayT ' IdT)yptcolvov.

1. 287. tip6s ETepr4 s "re. Even after the murder and incest Oedipusventures to use these words of himself, with the knowledge that he isunder the protection of the Eumenides and the guidance of Apollo.

11. 288, 9. 6 KipLos.. rs. The indefinite pronoun marks as unknownsomething which from the nature of the case is definite, and thereforehas the article. Cp. O. T. 107 -rovi abToroiv-a XELp1 TLArWPEL v TVwde.

11. 290, 1. Ird 8I J ETragv 'ro v, in your actions between that mo-ment and this;' i. e. meanwhile. KaK6S, i.e. by breaking your promise.1. 293. r&w o-o. For the redundant preposition cp. Ant. 95 ri)v iS

1ioP^ avaP3ovXiav, and note.1. 294. ppaXm&L, 'slight;' cp. Thuc. 1. 14 BpaxE'a bbCTlsVT o, ib. 8. 76.

The meaning ' brief' does not agree well with raplErsv. The impressivenature of the speech, not its length, is noticed. Spax'bs in this sense is'that which is soon measured.' Cp. iuatcpds=Y /tyar.

1. 295. QvaLKTas. For the pl. cp. O. T. 1403-7, El, 1232-5, Ant. o057sp o7oOa ra-yobs 0'vTas v X yy X'ycv. The plural is more impressivethan the singular.

1. 297. oKoW s, i. e. the Vivor, who is thus styled, because he has seenOedipus, and will carry information to Theseus.

1. 300. a'r'6v (I) with irvty, or (2) with EA06'v, which has morepoint. The word is due to the conjecture of Porson. The MSS. havedwovwEr T'.

1. 301. ro'vopL' a-COel')a. For the ace. cp. Aj. 1318, 19 r-IX60ev *ycp

oOda6pv I po'v, Ant. 961. The construction may be regarded as cardv'vesov, because ala8oeOat here implies knowledge through sense.1. 303. RGKp& KXeu0Oos. This is explained as iacpa yv ic~hsvOot

roXA d, i.e. 'though the way to Athens is long, yet travellers' newsspread widely;' and for tcap, of a distance of ten stadia, woXx&IclXEvu0os pa-rtE, supr. 163 is quoted.

1. 305. roX, ' much spoken of;' the word forms part of the predicate.Cp. Aesch. S. c. T. 6, 7 er roXbr /ard 7TrdXv .. V{biole' brr' darwv.

11. 306, 7. KEL ppacrs Ei8et, ' though sleep makes him slow to come.'For the use of the adj. cp. Aj. 47 86'Aor 6ppArat. The expression is =e;SeL "orE f pab s eda. For the meaning cp. O. T. 65 obX '7rvV y'eB1ovra. [ipr Et, aorEtitE have been suggested as corrections.]

1. 309. rLs yQp 0c-OXOs obx cLt{6r kXos; These wordsdo not explainthe addition of 6yol, but refer to the first part of the sentence, viz.

76

NOTES. LINES 284-324 77

bTrvyis..7 abrroV 7rdoe. 'What good man is not a friend to himself?'i. e. does not befriend himself in doing good. OiXos is active, cp. Ant. 99To ^ Pixots 8' 6pOjS ixl.

1. 310o. irot (pevEv EXOw; For the gen. cp. El. 922 oiuc oTa9' 6not 7*qobv' 'rhot yv'V~1i ,ppEt. The broken lines mark a disturbance of feelingCp. O. T. 1468, 1471, 1475.

1. 312. The ' Aetnean' filly and ' Thessalian' hat are picturesque ad-ditions, which also imply that the outfit and attire are of the best. Thescholiast on Aristoph. Pax 73 tells us that Aetnean horses were famous,highly esteemed for pace, and commended for driving, rby 8pdo'ov adLed-hoyot icai 7r CEV'ry EratETroi. (Boeckh maintained that a mule wasmeant.) Hiero of Syracuse was distinguished by the victories of hishorses at Olympia. Of the Thessalian hat nothing further seems known;acv'g implies that it was a cap, (Xtoarep~ that it had wide brims. Thefashionable attire is well known to Antigone.

1. 313. pep -cLv, 'mounted.' Ismene approaches, well-clothed andmounted, in contrast to the unsandalled and sunburnt Antigone. KpcarT.In Homer we find a construction like icaOap 4 Xpoi E'/par' i'ovra, Od.6. 61 aiyd"v Kvvcv iceah, E Xe, Od. 24. 231 (also dappi &cpiotat ixEtleading up to Arv1r'XEL), which is here inverted, the accusative and nomi-native changing places. "iXLtorTEpi's is active, 'keeping off the sun;'infr. 747 I3toaurEp is 'deprived of sustenance,' 126o0 o6yarocrTp4 ispassive, ' deprived of eyes;' for this difference cp. O. T. 460 and note.

1. 314. Vw,' her,' which rpo'r o7ra defines.further (limits); cp. supr. 114,Aj. 0o62, and the Homeric caaee i piv /epaXv 're ia' dipw q(aiga cad,Od. 16. 15, etc.

1. 316. rXavq, 'mislead me.' The word is active in signification.Another reading is yvC1qq7 rAavi;

1. 318. r&XaLva. This expresses the distraction of her doubt.11. 319, 320. cakL8p yo0v &wrr 6 d &ryIV oalveL c Ie, ' she greets me with

bright looks from her eyes.' aaivw is used properly of a dog fawning orwagging his tail (so in Aesch. Ag. 725, of the lion's whelp, oaiwv weyaarp's dvaycatLs), and in this sense governs the accusative; but it isused in an applied sense, =' to make signs of recognition,' as here andAnt. 1214 7atdL 51 'eravEL ip0o'yos, where that which is recognized isspoken of as giving signs of recognition.

1. 321. g6vas. Cp. supr. 243.1. 322. 6p&v depends on Lrkov, supplied from EdTra.1. 324. Ismene enters on the right from the country, as Oedipus and

Antigone before her. We must suppose that she has dismounted fromthe mare at some little distance from the stage, and given her into thecharge of the servant (334). In a similar manner in Aesch. Ag. 945 ff.Agamemnon dismounts from the chariot at some distance from the


door. [In P. V. 284 ff. Oceanus apparently remains seated on his griffin(dr 3B 1erxav.s) during the whole of the conversation, but the Oceanidscertainly leave their car; 272 ndiot i iaatl,-though they remain in itfor some time (127-272).] For the description of a person before theactual arrival on the stage cp. O. T. 84, where Creon is so described.

1. 325. 7rpoocoviacL0'. The name is used for the thing named.'Names which I love to use.' Cp. Phil. 233 foll. "EhhkvEY Ta/yEv .. 4.

r piLrarov qcIVvrpa. Ss a Las, K. T. X. ' how hardly I have found you,and now again how hard it is to look on you for sorrow!'

1. 326. Xuir!g, causal dative,= 8di with acc. For this cp. infr. 333,387 'ycoayE Tos vv 7Y', " irdrsp, pLanVTEvaCrty, etc.

11. 327 foll. For the divided lines cp Aj. 981, O. T. 626, etc.1. 33r. It is difficult to understand why Ismene should be said to

touch herself, or why Oedipus should ask whether Ismene is, touchinghim, unless ( -rlO8e K90L J ; can mean, ' what ? her no less than me?'Perhaps no more is meant than that she is united in the unhappinessof her father and sister, and the grammar proceeds more uniformlythan the thought. Some editors insert 328 between 330 and 331. Butthe rpopal of Ismene, well-clad and mounted, can hardly be termedavoadacXlot, even by her self-pity. The line, though opposed to ourmodes of expression, is not to be rashly rejected, any more than Phil.1207 pa^P7' drb dIivra ai dipOpa 'rTE/C Xepl, which it is quite impossibleto construe literally.

L. 333. 0 0LOO L. .A yots. In ird0otot we have the dative of cause,

whereas Aodyot conveys the idea of ' accompaniment' (cp. abTroio avy-

ipaXolao, etc.), and this is assisted by the adjective. The repetition ofthe same construction in a different sense is characteristic of the Sopho-clean period of language. [Others read Xdywv.]

1. 3335. rro .. rovety, 'what is become of them for the service?'7OVELV=EL "TO WovEv. o', sc. oi'ov-rat. Cp. Eur. Or. 1473 srov 6gr'da vE~ o xtarTa O-'ryas oIpv'yE; Il. 13. 312 a/Ive~y Elat /l dxa Xo. For7ro" cp. Aesch. Cho. 405 rot, sroF 5 vlEpTipC,'V TvpaviL~E; ib. 882.

1. 336. 'They are where they are,' i.e. their state is too bad toname, cp. supr. 273 6IrV iv' iafxpy, Aesch. Ag. 67, 8 E rt 5' gnr

11. 339 foll. Hdt. 2. 35 A-ydrot . . Ta roAAa 7rrvra UIpwaAty 7Yo011

XAoL(L dlv0pcinfrows EargavTo 4ij0E Te icai vogov. v Too lat liEV YVmICErdyopadovo Kai camarXE bov rL o ' 1 vpEI, KaT' OY 'Kovs d 'TEs, 3bai ovtl. Foranother coincidence between Sophocles and Herodotus cp. Ant. 905 foll.and note.

1. 341. rQ co 3t(ov rpocETL, ' the outdoor means of supporting life.'

1. 342. o0- cv. Dat. 'and in your case too.' There is no necessityto regard o~p as the genitive, and to suppose that the dual is used of


the two pairs of children. This would be especially harsh with rqxPimmediately preceding. The dative may be regarded as a dat. ofreference with the whole sentence, or more especially with lrov'el. Thebrothers ought not to leave such duties to the sisters.

1. 344. KcK&, Attic accusative. Cp. O. T. 264, 5 Trci' wcnrEpd E70i TOI7rarpe I i'rEp/axov /atIL; infr. 1694.

11. 345 foll. IrEpITovErov is resumed in yEpovraycLyY. The series ofparticiples is broken by the insertion of the finite verb, as again inC yELrat, 351 ; i.e. the whole period from Civ down to Exoc (352) is anexplanation of Antigone's part in the verb ihrVproVE'rov, and mighttherefore have been expressed by a succession of participles, but as thisarrangement would be complicated two finite verbs are inserted. 1 ji4v isanswered by rv 84 in 353, but zroka iYv .. irXvopE'vy (348) by wok-XoteL 8L .. 1LoX0o1cL .. -qyEdracL (for gyovdz/y).

1. 351. 'r&d rls OKOL 8LG (rS, 'the comforts of home-life.' Cp. forthe article O. T. 977 7Ti T7^1 TvX773.

1. 352. EXOL. The optative here follows a present ('yet^raL), but thepresent represents the feeling which has lasted i orov das 'pois Ap 7- e.

1. 355. & r70oS' 4XpAO-0- Od;'tqaros, ' which were given respecting me.'roe8E o- caros. A simple genitive is here used instead of the more

usual construction with rEpl. Cp. El. 317 70 IcaaLuvyl'rov Ti q(qs; Phil.

439 and note.1. 356. KOLTZor-lTS, cp. 313 note. ylis 'Or' i4lXav6Xv. What came

first in time is mentioned last. The form of the legend here adoptedseems to represent Ismene as older at the time of her father's fall thanshe is represented in the 0. T.-e. g. 151i aqwv ', ( -r'V', E' pEVv ELXET77rijy pphas, droA' Av 7rap vovY, though it is left uncertain how muchtime intervenes between his fall and his exile, Xpdv. 5', 'rT' ijS, c.-.X.

The Antigone (9oo ff.) agrees in regard to the age of the daughters withthe 0. C. but differs in other respects, the words abrdXEp brAds i,fhovaa ic c6oa-~oya CK&rtTrv/AjiovG Xoa's wica being quite incompatiblewith the end of this play. It seems that from the point of view of theO. C., Oedipus was driven out of Thebes before any oracles arrivedrespecting his fate, though in O. T. 1518 Creon refuses to take anyaction not sanctioned by the deity.1; 358. rls a' i~gpEv o'lKOOEV o Tr6os; 'what errand sped thee from

home ?' The usual expression aLp'Etv rdXov is here inverted. Cp. El.

782 Xp6

vos 51i4y /A' and supr. 314-1. 360. Oi' o6X(, K.T.A. explain ricp', and obIX is added owing to the

preceding oS. Cp. O. T. 13, 221.1. 362. 'Seeking how thou hadst thy maintenance or where.' (lproOr a

riv ojv 'rpoci v ('inquiring into thy means of life'), and in particularwrov KaTOLKOlqS (' Where thou wast dwelling').

8o OEDIPUS COLONEUS,

1. 363. Cp. Eur. Hel. 769 ob3c v p.o'atC l oe luibOwv, A yc ' dvGo /Cale' aXyotv E7, I VricXwv 7' Eialavov i Bi Awr et OcLev aiv.

1. 365. arrcSow. Dative, 'encompassing your sons.'11. 367-9. The antithesis seems to be, ' beforetime they had -a strife

with Creon,' and, 'now they strive together:' and again, ' beforetimethey were anxious that the throne should be in regency,' and, 'now eachis eager to be king.' aT'roLs.. Kpovlr 'E are best taken together. Sofar from desiring the throne, they even strove with Creon that it shouldbe vacant. If this construction is not adopted we must take Kpov-t Teand q1484 in connection with each other: ' their intention was that thethrone should be given up to Creon,' etc. So Schndw., who quotes theHomeric wnivg -e I48b' Apiatrve. E'pts then becomes a difficulty-for wemust either translate arroTr v 'pt~, 'they vied with each other,' or'they strove (for this) as a matter to be gained,' both unusual con-structions. Ept means (I) strife, (2) rivalry, and the words EptLs KaKi(372) imply that this is the good fpLr which leads men to strive fordistinction in honour. (Hesiod, Op. 16 ff.). [Others read Epw ('desire'),qpEaev (' they were content')]. Eao-OaL and Xpalveo-OaL are both passive.

1. 369. X6yq -coproo- ., 'professing in their argument to have regardto.' For X6 y., cp. infr. 1296 OV 7E vucilaor A p. This confirms ipt~ supr.

1. 371. The heaven-sent infatuation is assisted by their own evil mind;cp. Aesch. Pers. 742 ciAA' 3rav ar~;bsy nI abr6, XcD OEbS ovv4arrErat.Aeschylus and Sophocles are in advance of the fatalism of their age. XEL-rq'p6s= -&rL7ptor: cp. d&s'1rs, but the word and the form are doubtful.

1. 372. TVy TpLTraOXowLv. The close connection of the article andadjective prevents tge line from falling into three couplets of two feet,dOcra1 0 Tol ra I rpiaa0loi I iptS caMo, which would be unrhythmical. KCuaK

is often used in Homer of fpts. [The caesura is saved by reading 7rpZ c.]1. 374. VEao(y. In addition to the fact of youth, the participle

implies youthful impetuosity, ambition, etc. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 713 p&v'cEawv o X 6pe~r a o XPi '

6pa ;

1. 377. 6 nrXi0jMov, 'the more numerous,' i.e. as having the majority ofvoices. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 869 dA ilrX75Ovov X yoL.

1. 378. r0 Koihov "Apyos, 'Argos in the valley.' Cp. Od. 4. I /coiAllvAaics.alo ova rrc o'aEav.

1. 380. (s abcrlC "Apyos, K.T.X. Cp. O. T. ioi cWs 765' oria XEIp&(oVrdoAv. The reason of the expedition is a principal part of the ex-

pressed resolution of Polynices: hence the accusative instead of the moreusual genitive. In later writers this use of the accusative becomes morewidely extended, e.g. Dem. 318 os E'&v rrp6repds t71 d'sr rd irpoovO'savr WEpt CliXXov, /cat y 'aO' oijT'rws Xovra ica l OrCTL ,roys wobovraS

sOtSOLEvoVE TiS TrOT' avrds artv 6 T7arTa A Xcv.

1. 381. rTL~, 'gloriously.' Cp. El. 7o 5iq tca9apTrlr. I wrphs opavv


PLPV, 'or to exalt it to heaven.' The style is Epic, cp. 11. 12. 328 ~ji 7qsiXor 6pisO'E oj~' t~L wAsiV. PLPwv is fut. part. contracted, cp. ,reX&otinfr. Io6o, ica-rotucrtoiktv 384, Icaratrt wat 406, 8tauacEMot0 620, icaTOLICWK

637, 6VE LcEdoeE 0. T. I500, (cp. 373.)

1. 382. ptLO L6s, 'mere number' or 'heap,' cp. Eur. Tro. 476 oicdptOlyfbv dAXw, &AA' brEprdTrovT ,pv-yiv, Hor. Ep. I. 2. 27 ' Nos numerussumus et fruges consumere nati.'

1. 383. h1FoL, 'at what point?' i. e. how long they must first continue.Cp. Thuc. 3. io8 i 4 pt' / d iX TE'Ta EK'wr 44, El. 958 roi" yap /-YEL SdMOvor; but perhaps 6b'rov should be read.1. 385. As.. ZELV. Two constructions seem to be united, &.s 'EovOi

Osoi, and 'etv Ocobs, Aesch. Eum. 798, 9 ab '~ (v ' 6 plapTVpv I WvTaVT' 'Op 6ryv pwv^ra .iu f3Aaf&s EXELt. For a similar confusion cp.Tr. 1238.

1. 387. 'rots vOv.. cyTvrsIatCrw. 'By reason of the oracles which Iam now bringing.'

1. 388. rL' 8 -re0 arOTac; the resolved foot denotes eagerness. Thenext two lines depend on -rdeOimrTa.

1. 390. E'0-olas X&pw, ' for the sake of self-preservation.' [The MSS.have dvoias, but eio-o(as, which is given by the scholiast and by Suidas,is clearly the better word. It is found nowhere else.]

1. 391. For the use of nw6 in semi-passive constructions see 0. T. 37and note. But there is some doubt about the reading; &r' or it ispossible. Cp. O. T. Ico6 ao rpis ' p 'ovs ~o06'vor E) rpdattAL r.

1. 392. 4v 0ol, cp. 42 2. The subject of arC is to be gathered from 413.1. 393. &vilp, cp. 109.1. 395. Ss veos wre'a-1. For the omission of Iv cp. Tr. Ioo8 ", rt ica

'a., Aj. 1074 vOa /0) iaOea7r jig ador, O. T. 1231 a2 <pavWa' ab0alperot.It is by no means unusual in Sophocles. yipov-ra is predicative.

1. 397. j.OpCov XP6vov. Cp. infr. 617 6 puvpios I xp6 vo, and Plato,Ap. 2 3 B Iv rEvia vp ia d'i. Note the gen. of time =' within.'

1. 399. 'rrl rqo . Notice the change of number. Creon is acting withEteocles and others. i43paCvTs, cp. O. T. 825 tri3' E'1araTEVErY rapif0s,and the construction of pfypaltvw Hdt. 4. 125 dr2tlyPevov LAi' Euypav wV

TWr pEETrEpcov ofipwv, supr. 189 and note.

1. 401. 0Upa L KELJ LVOU, 'laid at their doors.' The immediate refe-rence is to the inactivity of age, (Shakespeare's 'unregarded age incorners thrown,') but the occurrence of prv'Jpos in the next line introduces;the notion of burial.

1. 402. KECVOLS. (I) This dative may be taken with Paps andrepeated with 8so-rrvx(v. ' Your burial, if it falls unhappily for them, isfull of danger for them.' (2) 8vo-,ruxv =' if it miscarries,' i.e. if itdoes not receive the due honours. The former (i) suits the context best.

OEDIP US COLONE US.

1. 403. As a murderer the Thebans would not bury Oedipus in hisown landi yet they feared the vengeance of his Daemon unless thecustomary rites of burial were paid by them.

1. 405. 7p8' '(v' &v oravroV Kpa'rfs, ' but not where you will be yourown master.' The subjunctive is due to the relative adverb with dv(' in any place where'). For the adversative pyJL7 cp. El. 132 o' GE0'XITpoXrEr7T^ Tr6e.

1. 407. & X' oOi E' .. o', sc. icaTaLtaaNOvat ®yBata 6vet. 'rotvXpovacl4a, i.e. ' the guilt of kindred blood,' cp. O. T. 1406 atu' /'pdALtov. It isworth observing that Ismene is not uninfluenced by the Theban point ofview; we may compare the feeling of Chrysothemis, in the Electra,towards her mother. For the I aor. subj. after ob /7 cp. infr. 1024obv/ .. i~~eWwYrat, Phil. 381 obS'i ~ or' ircrheays. [The canon, whichDawes attempted to lay down, that ob ju cannot be followed by theI aor. subj. active or middle, cannot be maintained.]

1. 410. 'On what occasion ?' cruvaXXUay' has two meanings in Sopho-cles: (1) 'interposition,' Aj. 732 dvip&Pv yepYTW 0v & vvaXay j A6yov,(2) 'incident,' as here, 0. T. 34, infr. 960. The second sense is peculiarto Sophocles.

1. 411. Cp. infr. 621. The meaning is that the tomb of Oedipuswill be a scene of disaster to the Thebans.

1. 413. Avp ov, sc. icXvova. The message had been given publicly,cp. O. T. 93.

1. 414. & ' ptiv, 'with regard to me.' Cp. O. T. 829 Pr' dv pi r 8'av BpOol X6yov.

1. 415. o' pok6vrEs,= o OEwpoi, 413; /oXdiv is sometimes 'toreturn.' Cp. El. 386 'rav irEp o7iCa8' A'iyLaOor dhX. ELs Oi lPs 'r8ov,cp. supr. 378 -b coiXov "Apyos, Ant. 845 O07P,/3 E6apapTrov dXaos, ib.roo ranfrX~

0e

3p, etc. The mention of natural characteristics has

a graphic effect.

1. 416. The use of rLs= ,rpo, where only two are spoken of, isnoticeable. The number is indifferent. Their conduct is the point.

1. 419. rou l wbr60Oou, cp. O. T. 969 rd~ 7rdOp.1. 420. j4po 8' ~ptos, ' but still such is the news I bring;' cp. supr. 360

8E61' Aoi'o P povCid T, Aesch. Pers. 248 (pEpt craps at spayo. . ICXV ELV.

1. 421. The usual sequence A r E .. fOiTe is broken by &v 8' Co', K.r.X.

The worst which Oedipus can wish his sons is that the end of their con-tention may be in his power.

1. 424. 's goes with E'XOv&., and less closely with K&aavaLpolvraT86pv. Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 331 crv'roO 'aaXv ai TETOXr/oLICA~cr s A1ol.EXovra, =' take hold of,' 'engage in obstinately,' -as in 'pyov i'XcaOat.[For ciravatpoivrae= cai r. Hermann read ixbravaipovrat, and soSchndw, and Dind.; Bergk retains the reading of the MSS, The

82


interpretation of the scholiast, br' &AXXAwv i aipovov, is in favour ofthe correction, but see Campbell's note.]

1. 425. 6s, 'in which case,' explains iv Elol r'Xos y'voLaro. Cp. 45.Os av, K.'.X., Eteocles. ou'EXqXvOQws , Polynices. wrrdaA. IdrXV is a v.r.

1. 427. of ye, quippe qui.1. 428. 'When I was being thrust forth from my native land in such

dishonour.' The adverb is to be considered as part of the predicate;cp. Ant. 1069 f Ivxv 7 '" d'rlCwrS i 69 arcdalas, Thuc. I. I2o0 isTovpavTlov aioXpT. lTEp1Lo'f7.

1. 429. EoXov, 'withheld.'1. 430. acLroTv, cp. infr. 444 oa V. It is the dative of the interested

person. 'They allowed me to be sent forth.' Cp. Phil. 1030 iai r~i0vy7X'it'r 7rwaaL, El. 1152.

1. 431. Cp. O. T. 1410 foll., 1449 foll.1. 435. -rb XcvcrlOvaL ri'rpoLs. This punishment is frequently men-

tioned in Greek tragedy. Cp. Aj. 254 Er004r~ 6f/at hAtO6Xvarov 'Ap7,Ant. 36 qdwvov.. 1)

6hXEv e rov v Ir6p s.1. 436. (i) 'No one helped me in this desire,' i.e. no one gave me

satisfaction in regard to it. Hence the genitive, as though some verbsignifying 'enjoyment' or 'relief' had been used. Or (2), ' No helperof this desire appeared.' See Goodwin, pp. 214, 215.

11. 438, 9. 'And I began to know that my rage had run to excess inchastising my former errors.' rc^v.. iapT pivo- v is probably genitiveafter looaaar v. For Ldewys, =' too great,' cp. Plato, Soph. 231 A r)pI('Fov ai'ro's rpooad

6 '1wcw Ev ypar. If the gen. is taken with the com-parative it must mean not 'worse than' but 'great out of proportion to.'But even this is not so good.

1. 440. ro0-ro I'v is answered by ot 8' imswrtqyXiV .. 8vvdilYvot. Theexpression r70ovo yI&v-T-7oo 6i for 'on the one hand-on the other,' iscommon in Herodotus.

1. 441. XP6vOov, 'after so long.' The adj. for the adv. of time.1. 442. ot VroG rarrp6s= o viol. The expression is taL ~LE'ov, of 8'

rwqEXEtv 8vvda/Yvot being taken together 'Those who had the powerto aid their father, his sons, etc.' For the dative after iTrwcbXEi'vep. Ant. 560, where c6EExd'v takes the dative. For the repetition,which is rhetorical, cp. infr. 617 Iuvpias 6 pvplos. ra $pav, cp, El.467.

1. 443. rovs acrLKpoO X&PLV, ' for a little word's sake,' i. e. for wantof a little word.

1. 444. OLVw, cp. supr. 430 at'ro v. For bel some MSS. have iy1&,.dEd, if genuine, implies weariness. 'I was left to wander without end.'

1. 447. 'ys 'SLcv, 'safety in the land,' i. e. a safe resting-place.ylvovs 4,rnpKErLV, ' the assistance which kindred gives.'

G2

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

1. 448. It is best to take Op6vous - cat crcrrrpc KIpaLVeV - KatupavVEVELV XOov6s, as three co-ordinate expressions (after edc'Ar0v)

rising in intensity. Others (I) take Op6vovs, like og-rrpa) with xpaveLv,

and others again (2) consider icpaVtv /cal TvpavvE'E&v epexegetic infinitivesafter Op6oovr Icai oicprrpa.

1. 450. -ovSE, i. e. E/ov.

1. 453. 'Comparing in thought the oracles which I bring from myown side.' rd 4 40tLo, 'which were given to me, and which I canfurnish.' Cp. Tr. 631 -vby r60ov Tbv i bYo5, supr. 293. Of courseboth oracles were delivered from Delphi.

1. 454. ('vvaEv. Cp. Ant. 1178 b piItn, -ronrogr Wr ap' p93'v evvar.

The utterance and fulfilment of the oracle are united in this expression.1. 457-. 1.o is governed car- advvaLv, as if dXCv 'lry otc atOa were

ITpoe-rsjvat.1. 458. Trphs ratorSE rats, K.r.X., 'in addition to.' Oedipus begs protec-

tion from the Chorus, reminding them that they will be assisting the dreadgoddesses in protecting him. [The MSS. exhibit a variation betweenrpds and rv'v.]

1. 459. XKjcv roLeTo 0at, 'to undertake defence,' cp. El. 302 rds yidxas,7rotoL EvoS, Thuc. I. 124 Ilorteatdrats .. 7ioteiELOat rtApiLav. [For rj 8 e

iXv r6XEL, it is possible that T7 E 7 r'AEL should be read, so Bergk,Hermann, Elmsley.]

1. 460. Oedipus leaves it to be implied that his enemies are the enemiesof Athens. That they are his enemies he cannot for a moment forget.

1. 463. prrLd E3AheLs, 'you add to give further weight.' The meaningwould be made clearer by supplying v: in rp XEa s Av r r8E r yqX5.

1. 464. Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 307, 8 ca wraparvicat yE 6o OIXW 0 I- X7 1 ,raa.

1. 465. &s must be taken with reXo0vrL ' for I will accomplish all.'wrpovet, 'be my guide (for I am a stranger and you are acquainted

with the customs of the place).' For other metaphorical meanings oflrpoEv'EW cp. O. T. 1483, Tr. 726.

1. 466. 'Institute a purification of (i.e. in respect of) these deities.Usually the genitive with icaapp.o' signifies (I) that which is purified,e. g. xaOappobs Xc par, or (2) that from which one is purified, e.g. KaOap/lAfpdacGprpi7 rwv. Here the genitive depends on the substantive in the usual

manner, but the meaning is entirely altered by the combination 04a0atxa0app~dv= 'to propitiate.' For 04cr00L cp. O. T. 134 7 V ' w0'

rinrpopv.

1. 467. Kai KcLT4r'TEL4LS ir'8ov. There is some doubt about thereading, (for car d cr Tov, 'crown,' is also possible, and the aorist of

ITEardo is not found elsewhere), but the text receives confirmation from56 'v D' mbra'Tels3r '6drov. With iriov, abrT^v can be supplied from 4 '

as.

84


1. 470. gOtat XEtpes are 'hands pure from guilt.' Cp. Aesch. Cho.377, 8 Tr^v 6c pa-rodvronV I X"PESr o~yX H5oat arvye1Epv robrTW , Eum,

313, 14 ray toi /Kaaap Xepar 7rpovy7Tovr' oiLS rt (' 'p 2IlwV LOvtS E'Ep7fEt.The Chorus are not speaking with reference to Oedipus, but giving theusual instructions. The washing of the hands is no doubt included.

1. 472. rEXvq, abstract for concrete. Cp. the use of rpopn in O. T. f.eiXELPOS is gen. from EiXvlp.

1. 473. &PGtoLr6ovs, (I) ' projecting on either side;' or (2) ' on eitherside the mouth.'

1. 475. *ye is due to conjecture; it refers to Kp6a Low, which it con-firms and amplifies. 'Yes, with a fillet newly shorn from a youngewe-lamb.' Others read vEaXolo for ye veap&s, and worE0

6C for *E1brr6K .

Xapv is merely a redundancy of expression.1. 476. r6 8' IvOv, ' what remains to be done.' Cp. Aesch. Ag. 247

b 8~' UTi' dov ofr' EvVE' c. iro ; cp. supr. 383.1. 477. XOds X'a-aL. For this form of expression see note on Ant.

551.1. 478. The KpwOtot( are the ipairpes of 472.1. 479. 'rqyds, El. 894, 5 VEOpplVov9 S irqyys' ydXaaKTro. 0v 'rdEXCuratov

8' Xov, i. e. 70Vy TEX vrato Kicpc byv XeotS &P b'Aov. Three vessels are tobe used, two partly filled with water, the third filled to the brim withwater and honey.

1. 480. 'With what am I to fill this in preparing it?' -rv8 e=r3vYrEXevraov pcord'V.

1. 481. JLpelo-os, i. e. I#AtroV, by metonymy. With Ar#8 (adver-sative) cp. supr. 405, and for the prohibition of wine cp. supr. ToovsPCwv dolivots.

1. 482. tLpeXalXvMXos, ' dark with rich herbage.'1. 483. a cij, almost = ELs abv'nv, cp. Tr. 789, 90 x

0ov I pfirraov avTroV.' &ituotv Xepotv, 'on both sides.' Twenty-seven branches of oliveare to be placed as a fence on either hand of the spot rendered holyby the libations. Thrice nine was a sacred number. Cp. Thuc. 5. 26§ 4 87T Tpiq vvia Er7 BOL yev&Oat ar,6v.

1. 487. 8Xo-'0aL, after aitro. 'Receive their suppliant into safety.'The passive use of o'mripos is rare, but cp. supr. 284 iX'yvo, =' sure.'Others, 'as a saviour,' 'as bringing safety."

1. 488. KE, ='or if.' Ant. 328 i&v XqqG~ 0 re ca? I/.

1. 489. Cp. supr. 131 foll. For the phrase yicIKVWV p3ojv, 'to speakloud,' cp. the Homeric paipv d)rTjvty.

1. 490. rL' d44p rew darpocfos, a common injunction. Aesch.Cho. 99 orrslw ica0a6pya0' 6s r'l T iS'icLbas rAtw .. a&rrpopotaVw olpaty,Od. 5. 35o ab~~s T ' d1rovrdgpt Tpar'Oat, of Odysseus and the veil ofIno.

85

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

1. 494. X0 v SetL Irpb6cracoe Spav. The infinitive is to be taken bothwith 8er and 7rp6oraaeo.

1. 496. r p~ 8 sva0at p.O' 6pav, 'in want of strength as well assight.' For 8'vaeOa applied to bodily strength cp. 11. 20. 360 b'crov ..

pva.paL XEpiyV 're ooi v r , and for T7ve after ph cp. Aj. 428 and note.[To avoid this Elmsley read pyra', Dindorf IrsTE l&aIELv].

11. 498, 9. With this assertion of the value of a pure intention cp.Frag. 98 (N.) vX: yap ETJvos Ka' qpovoVia roV,&tcov I upElacov ao 'rToJlavToS ECTtV EVpE'TI.T.

1. 499. *~iKLvovcrav is due to a correction. The MSS. have icnrTEvovrav.For the notion that sacrifices were of the nature of a debt cp. P1. Rep.331 B q)dhovra ) OcE Ovta I s L j 0p dV'pC rC XP7wa

ra.

1. 500. For TL cp. Tr. 305 dY TL 8pdaIELs; Phil. 286, 7 c&MeL 'r .. 6a-Icovet oaat, infr. 1450.

1. 502. J~ qyrovi *y' vev. There is not much authority for the *ye,nor is it altogether satisfactory. [As L has 5', 'iXa may be right;Hermann, thinking it tautology to say 'my body cannot move aloneand without a guide,' read 78' bqy7y 7ro9 7y' div.]

1. 504. XPFi ' araL is equivalent to a future of XpJ, ' where I shall haveto find (look for).'

1. 505. ro VetOev A-ovus, sc. 6 7-6ror Corl. ,rov8', Elmsley r6 8

' ['quodnego ita Graece dici posse,' Herm.], to preserve the so-called rule ofthe cretic. See Phil. 22 and note. Hermann's opinion of this rule isworth quoting: ' Quibus nunc hoc addo, regulam, quam in illa censuraproposuit Elmsleius, syllabam finalem, quae sit ante quintam arsintrimetri, brevem esse debere, si pausa aliqua orationis in ea syllabafiat, plane falsam esse. Immo quo major ea pausa est, eo faciliusproduci potest ea syllaba. Id quod et per se apertum est: nam quidaliud pausa quam morari vocem jubet, ut etiam in brevi syllaba plustemporis consumatur? et ex eo intelligitur, quod longa isto loco syllabatum demum auribus molesta est, quum orationi, quae nulla cum in-terpellatione decurrere debeat, moram objicit.'

1. 506. EIOLKOS, ' a resident,' who would be in charge of the sacreditensils, etc.

1. 509. o'8' ' ewov ,rFLs. The subjunctive seems more poetical thanthe indicative. Cp. infr. 1443 l cro aoepr plO, Ant. 710o x e'lS f ooqp6,O. T. 874 and note [7rovri Herm.]. Ismene now leaves the stage, andthus one of the three actors is at liberty. He returns as Theseus in 549-

11. 510-548. Commation, or lyrical dialogue between Oedipus andthe Chorus, who would inquire more closely into his fortunes. Oedipusentreats them not to press their questions, but in vain. He gives anaccount of his actions in regard to his mother and father, insisting thatin both he was an unconscious and therefore an innocent agent.

86


1. 5Io. Cp. the proverb za KLVu^ cacbv EZ cc d1vov (Plat. Phil. 15 C).1. 514. &Xy r8 6vos with rrle00aoeL. For the gen. cp. El. 317 70T o aê-

yvjTov TI 's; With cavdceras cp. supr. 410. Awr6pov is predicativewith Pave lar, 'that came without remedy.' C tvvIoras, 'wherewiththou camest into conflict.' Cp. Hdt. 7. 170 Lt/sp "wELrEfiTras , 8. 74TroLov-rq) ir6'w vvIE'Taorav.

1. 515. 7rp's gEvLas. 7rp3

ALbs ~Eviov would be the more ordinaryexpression. For a similar extension of the common use cp. supr. 250rpds r' 07r oirt qixov, Aj. 492, 3.

1. 516. *& rrE'rovO'. The reading is conjectural, but cp. 267, 537.To & r rovO' = 7pya, &vatS is added, as an emphatic epithet. 'Myunwitting deeds of shame.' [After irrovO' the MSS. insert 'pya, whichis probably a gloss on & irvov0a borrowed from the Scholiast, whoexplains the passage I.A) 7rpos Trs- aris e viar dvairr T ,r Iov Tr dvat~ 'pya.

Schndw. reads ras aa, 7rEov, .'py' drasrl, on which see Campbell's note.]1. 517. For zroXi=ap03pa Xey

6 dEvov cp. 305, 6 iroXh yadp, C yipov,

rb abV I 'voyLca ,

1. T. r. lq8cLaLd Xf yov, cp. O. T. 731 'rvaTo yap raOr'od ' 7rw Xijavr' EXEL.

1. 518. p06v, cp. O. T. 505 irplv f'oty' 6pObv bros. Two constructionsare possible, (i) rb rohX .. Xyov (sc. 7rpayp/a), acc. after iacovay' dGcov'tv,cp. Aj. 11o7 rd r A.pt' gTr ic

6haa' EI vovI and note; or (2) 378 70h . .XiyO

go with ,covapa. 'I wish to hear aright, what is heard wide and far,a rumour that has not yet died out.'

1. 520. K&y6, SC. E'rtOrlyv.

1. 521. jveyKov KLK6arcLac, 'I was the victim of wretchedness.' Cp.O. T. 1320 &rvXa L Ire veeviv ica &7rXa EpEtv Katcd. What follows='I did endure it voluntarily, (Oedipus did everything "with a will,") letGod be my witness, but of all this nothing was my intentional act.'As OEdS Or c comes in harshly, perhaps e8ES *LoTCOp should be read.'roUTOV, = the old misery and the present consequences of it. [The MSS.have dllcw, Hermann (1841) read icIyv 1v, 0Eb LYIarW, TroUTrw d7rXd/CrTro

oBirv, ' in no point was I a voluntary offender.']1. 524. &XX' Es E'; ' but in what respect ?' Sc. YjvE'ycEr IcardrTaTa;1. 526. Cp. Il. 2. III ZEv'S /E pIAya KpoviSriT r vyisorlEtJ BapEi. The

dative Ebvu is descriptive. [For I'pts, l8ptv is often read.]1. 527. Faa'p6Ol' goes with the whole sentence. 'Didst thou in relation

to (i. e. with) a mother fill an infamous bed?' [Some read brrciao.]1. 533. pCJarpbs KOLVaS, ' of a mother who is also mine.'1. 535. KOLVaCL ye, K.. X., 'ay, sisters of like birth with their own sire.'

Oedipus anticipates and strengthens that which the Chorus shrank fromsaying.

1. 536. mcrw-poaCt, 'renewed onset,' cp. infr. 1045 8aticv dv8piv ..arrTrrpoatl.

87

OEDIP US COLONE US.

1. 537. <XeLV is- an epexegetic infinitive with CLXclacrT'a. 'The woesI have suffered are a possession which cannot be forgotten.'

11. 539-541. ' I received a gift, which would that, hapless one, I hadnever so benefited the state as to gain from her the privilege of choosing.'In this rendering it is assumed that y#, with the past tenses of the indi-cative in a relative clause, may express the wish to reverse a fact in pasttime. Hermann translates, 'Accepi, inquit Oedipus, donum, uxoremdicens, quod ego ut nunquam a civitate debuerim accidere, ei rofui, i. e.quod ut mihi non unquam daret civitas, merui, quum eamrn Sphinge libe-ravi.' Cp. infr. 1713.

1. 543. SEVTuEpaV TCraLoas, ir v6o-p vo'rov. ' Thou hast struck asecond blow, (sending) pang upon pang.' With bVT&rpav supply 77ryXyv.For vo'os in this sense, cp. O. T. io6i iXiks voooia' i-yc', infr. 598.

1. 545. 'XEL 8~ O .. wrphs 8KCS rFt. 'My case has something (to besaid for it) on the side of justice.'

1. 546. The most probable interpretation of these words is thatwhich makes *dobsv iqpo'vvaa= 4iXdov ovtevaar, 'I slew, being clearlyconvicted of the deed.' Kal thus gives emphasis to the participle.Others take ihobr =' overtaken,' i. e. by destiny.

1. 548. v6~cP 8 KacOap6s, 'pure by law,' i. e. in the eye of the law.is -r68' 'XOov, cp. O. T. 1433 d'p~ros &Oc'Ov, supr. 12.

11. 549-667. Second Episodion. Theseus and Oedipus. Oedipusobtains from Theseus a promise of protection and of burial in thecountry, from which many blessings will accrue to Athens in her com-bats with Thebes.

1. 55o. The solemn word bSyjuAv is probably intended to mark thesacred associations which cling to Oedipus. *&IooTrakXes is a correc-tion, but cp. O. T. I5 S d rVaTaciXi : trans. 'setting forth at thy voice,'i. e. on hearing thy message. LOther corrections are 0s oradXiq .Her-mann, i4' aclTAq7 Dindorf.]

1. 553. 68o0s iv 7ra ea8e, 'in my coming hither now.' Cp. El. 688l4aao9' 1 EiTvXov7 ra rai^C Tras 6 o^s'. The blindness of Oedipus, ofwhich Theseus had heard long ago, and the description which he hasheard as he came on his way from Athens, make it easy to recognise'the son of Laius.'

1. 557. 8s Et. The name is avoided; cp. O. T. 1036 (lor' AvoydeOplf/c -rv'yr/ rav7-'rq. O's J1.

1. 56o. ' That would be a terrible matter, the mention of whichwould make me shrink from giving relief.' The construction is ofcourse= bret) &V et irpa~~, Ei a'&LwTagfL7v abir~s.

1. 563. X's rLS rXfhEicTT' 0v4p, i. e. cai T rs m dvip wXAE Ta, sc. '0Ay-aV, ' I have toiled as one who has toiled most,' ut quiplurima. Themore usual expression is 'oa mrs.

88


1. 562. ivos. Theseus was the son of Aethra the daughter of Pit-theus, king of Troezen, and was brought up at that city, as Oedipushad been brought up at Corinth.

1. 564. 4v '7Trbc Ki&p, 'in my own person.' For this use of iv cp.Plat. Lach. 187 B iv 7 Kapi bitv 6 xIvCvvor.

1. 565. &-irep cr viv. For the nom. cp. Aj. 525 'XLV a' av o7rovTwr I .yc'. The construction is-&iorE oiy' cv, ~vov Cbvra, 0VIrVryp ar viv,

b rearpan lpro rv.1. 566. The ob in ph) ob vvelra'chev repeats the negative in ova8va,

Goodwin, Moods and Tenses, § 95. 2 (c).i. 568. ooO, i. e. 'than you have,' the form of comparison is con-

densed, as frequently in Greek, see note on O. T. 467.1. 7. wcrapiKev, ' has allowed.' Cp. Eur. Fragm. 3 o (N.) raipeg..

bnrepcw^ Icplvata vidrI. SeioOcat, passive. 3paxea is the subject to 86EÔaL,

and the construction paxE'a tro? aetrat is used instead of the moreusual IpaXicov E'ycio &iolat, or 8paXEcov i/Ioi aEd [or possibly, 7rapicEv i!uo

&drE BetaOaL A E',Etv 8paXa 'so that I need to say little.' I3paXla beingaccusative after M'yeLv.]

1. 572. yls, gen. of motion from. Cp. O. T. 152 InveOWor 'Gar.

1. 574- B'PXeraL, ' goes on its way,' i. e. has done with this subject.Speech is personified and regarded as passing on from one subject toanother. [Another reading is 80oiXEraL.]

1. 578. KpEL(CToOV'. For this sense of the word cp. Aesch. Cho. 372*raira p1v, & rTa^ 1cpel acova Xpvov. ' The advantages to be derived fromit are better than any beauty could give.'

1. 580. 'You will learn in time,-not, methinks, at the time nowpresent.' For the dat. of a limit of time cp. Phil. 715 bEICETE Xpi'rv,ibid. 721 rtWOE iroXX&v iqv&v, with O. T. 156, 198.

1. 581. h arv frpooop&, 'your addition,' i. e. the advantage whichyou bring.

1. 583. r& 8' iv I oc, cp. supr. 290o , I r& b ~ pTra$i oroTrov, but theaccusative is not adverbial as in the passage quoted, for it is required asthe object of BL' obBEr

6s rotE. The words X~ritv i'fXEt, though near-

est, do not influence it, cp. Ant. 537 Ical a1AvAeriyXco Xa q4pw pci airiag.Or the construction may be explained by that wider use of the accusa-tive of which we have examples supr. 223 bior 'XeTE o biv o-' ab&,and infr. I 120 TEV Ev' EL aoVET' cdEX7TTa 1Apc'vo AXdyov.

1. 585. ' For the one (xrciva=c r iv tarp) is conveyed (comprised)in the other (ivraVOa -= v TOL Xo aOloSs).'

1. 586. iv ppaXt. Cp. El. 673 iv BpaXEt evvOes XlywE. 'The boonyou ask is briefly worded.'

1. 587. &- yv, = the struggle necessary to protect the favour whengranted.

89

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

1. 588. ' Do you mean the contest between your sons, or some con-flict in which I am concerned ?'

1. 589. KOp tew. The subject to the infinitive is Athens generally.avayicdLovcrL, for this use of the present to denote a certain future cp.Aesch. Pr. V. 513 &6E uEy d pv-yyvw, ib. 525 Ebr/os.. ~cv~ycv w. Inthis case the action may be said to have begun, supr. 396.

1. 590. The reading of this line is doubtful. With et O'Xovr' dv y'supply 8ov'Xotvro icoyilEwv, 'if they intend to fetch you in the event ofyour being willing to go.' A good emendation is OLkovrdis y', whichmust be taken after Ev'yetv, thus,-' but (consider) whether it be dis-honourable on your part to shun them (in exile) when they wish to haveyou.' Cp. Od. 15. 280 o6 I'Av 5 r' ieXovnd 'y' c d' Mrw.

1. 591. ~jOekov, sc. to remain in the land.1. 592. ' But anger in misfortune, O foolish man, is ill-advised.'1. 594. dveu yvWllqs, ' without deliberate judgment.'1. 596. ylvous, ' of your birth,' rather than ' of your race.'1. 598. 'What is your more than human misery ?' For vocr-EL in this

sense cp. supr. 543. Oedipus was at all times AarpTewv 7o0s brefprdTciotsSpor'iv tdx00ots, supr. o5, so that any addition to his misery would besuperhuman.

1. 6i0. Cp. supr. 407.1. 602. ' What could induce them to have you brought on the con-

dition that you should live apart ?' For the middle voice of lrfft4alavrocp. O. T. 434 6rXOX y' v ot'covr rois obs ErTetXa'/Ap.

1. 605. 'Because it is their fate to be overthrown in this land,' or 'bythis land.' Cp. infr. 786.

1. 606. Tr& Kc& tIcVV. For the omission of the article with thesecond word cp. El. 991 ia rc XaovTL icai Xa yo 7 r av/yaxor.

1. 609. OVYXEt, 'obliterates.' Cp. Hdt. 4. 127 TavyXE"iE abrov', sc.TrobS wrarpt''ovs Tdepovs. IrLaypa'ri1s= raa spa-r&v, 'all-subduingtime.' Cp. Aj. 675 6 7raypaTr r i'vos. For the sentiment cp. Aj.6o6 foll.

11. 612, 13. 'And ever varying is the breath of friend to friend, andcity towards city.' The metaphor in uwveOla is tolerably frequent inthe tragedians, Aesch. Ag. 1206 rvwv Xapwv, Cho. 34 crov w7rav,Ant. 929, 30 &' T" V av'Trv dvcpiwv abrai *vXi p ra 7* r v 'y'eXova v. For the sentiment cp. esp. Shakespeare, Cor. 4. 4. 12-22.

1. 613. Pi'3KCV, ' continues,' almost - 'rtV. For this use of 3Ccato express a definite state or condition cp. infr. 1684 v4v 8' 6XhOpia vb'ear' 61qaatw vB3,ace, Aesch. Ag. 36 Foir 7h Lyas i ia e v, alsoinfr. 1052.

1. 616. et=~=E, 'although.' Ant. 551 el YE'XACw' iV aol YEX.1.617. *To6 rp6s cr- is epexegetic of the impersonal subject of 6i jAepet.

90o


'It is fair weather in her relation to you.' The metaphor of IrvEica iscontinued in Eby'71 Epe'.

1. 618. ' Time in his onward course has countless nights an4d days tobring forth.' For lvpior cp. supr. 397. For the form of the sentencecp. El. 1364-6 Tobs y&p iv p&ac Xdyovs, I iroXXa ICVIcXoVTa VVICTES

i'pat *r' lat, a ard a 61'ove~v.

1. 620. iK catLKpO X6yovU, ' out of a small occasion.' Cp. El. 415, 16roX.. "ro trtpol .dot frprXav 71r7 mat Tca'pOwiav Iporobs. [On

the forms idpet, adpe cp. Ellendt, sub voce.]1. 621. Iva, ' on the very spot where.'1. 623. Cp. Aesch. Eum. 19 AtOr 'rpoq'ri1 8' adT Aofear rarpo.1. 625. I. e. let me pursue the course which I have entered upon.1. 626. rLc'r6v is (x) either a part of the predicate, 'only keeping

thine own part faithful,'-or (2) used as a substantive, 'guarding thineown good faith.' The position of the word is in favour of (i).

1. 627. 4S~ga0aL, 'that you have received'-aorist infinitive of pasttime.

1. 630. 4 XavIVTo is subjective middle, ' declared himself ready toperform.' Cp. Aj. 1376, 7 rdar 70"6o8' dd-y'yXXoLaL .. Tast 0i'or.

1. 633. h 8o0p15 EvoS ~o-rCa, ' the hearth of warlike friendship,'= defen-sive alliance. The article is used to mark a general notion. It is alittle remarkable that such relations should have existed without Oedipusbeing aware that Theseus was king of Athens, supr. 66 ff.

1. 635. ,rlveL. Observe the use of the present =' offers to pay.'1. 637. i'JwakXL , 'on the contrary.' ilrroxty has been suggested, and

with some probability.1. 638. or, = the leader of the Chorus.1. 640. The apodosis of the second clause passes away into a general

apodosis which suits both clauses. TOUTCw .. KpvaVTL XpijoOaL, 'tomake choice between these two alternatives and use the one so chosen.'Cp. O. T. 640 bGpcat .. vowY ciroiv pivas xacoz'y. With XpTOaL supply

1. 641. -r18e, sc. " Av a pivvpS. Cp. El. 1301, 2 0' 6 b'Irw Kal rotoiXov I Icai Tro~bYv EoraLt 7 '. gvvo -oolat, 'will aid you,' cp. Phil.Io8 5 O'aYcOrTL avYOOEt.

1. 647. Av XMyoLs, 'you seem to speak of.' ris orvvovoras is a geni-tive of definition = ' involved in your dwelling with us.' Cp. infr. 10o30

IpL&y T6AO'L r.1. 648. ,rXoO0v'rL agrees with ro, and RotL is a dative of reference.

' If your words abide in you and you will make them good to me.' Cp.O. T. 863 E' pot elvvre i7 oppourt 1. potpa 7v' E3arE7rovY &'yYEiav Xd-ywv, c.-. A.,and infr. 661, where the impersonal takes the place of the personalconstruction. The suppressed apodosis is u~'ya "iraL woiro Tb ~Op6La.

OEDIPUS COLONE US.

1. 651. ' You would obtain (cp. 6) nothing more (by putting me onmy oath) than by my word.' Cp. Aesch. Fr. 385 (N.) obsc dvsphs bpos7TUThrL, aXX' pxcowv dv'7p.

1. 654. Spa pIE Xhrrcov, ' beware in leaving me.' The sentence is un-finished. Cp. supr. 327 foll.

1. 65. &E65 dal.. KcL q c ..m-rrre lkVy .r . rdLwfacra . oroXXal .. roNX&.For this repetition cp. 230 dndra 8' ddrc'TatL, 245 6t'Pa r6vy ouL/arfYv,

198 caiEL /rdo'v AppouaL, 794 aroTa iroAXiv Xyv c6T6

rdLw , I 1113p/.UrV'E rTCr qbraVT. The expression dirnetai carrndEi'Xqaav is certainly

remarkable. It is an inversion of the phrase adnreXet^ drIELXdis, which ismerely an emphatic drrAtrXEv. We have an approach to such an expres-sion in Ant. 259, 60 X6yot ipp60ovv icaKoi, Q uae E'XE'XWV Mp'Xaca, whereboth the words spoken and the men who spoke them are put in thenominative. There is an ' internal' subject as well as 'object.'

1. 659. 0vILP, 'under the influence of passion.'1. 66o. aCro, 'under its own control.' For the genitive as predi-

cate cp. O. T. 917 hAX' CETL 70 XA yovros, v 4dpotovs kCyp. The usualexpression is v havrT yevE'aOat.

1. 661. KELVOLS must be repeated with <cavIO-'-raL. The primary con-struction is Icivos in ppu&a0r= itrVot brppwvro. [Here also, cp. 570,there is the doubt whether the word Betvd is to be taken grammaticallybefore 1reppcrae7, or after X&yewv. The latter is more probable, forev& C Xyetv is = ' to threaten,' infr. 861 GBcvY ,d'Yer.]

1. 662. r-s ais &dycyis, gen. of respect. Cp. supr. 355.1. 663. Observe the nautical metaphor, in which r(ayos (open sea)

is an emphatic word.1. 664. ivev rijs 'kvs. Notice the violation of the rule of the 'cretic'

ending. To avoid this others read daveVYE TqjS E'AU7 'Y. But cp. supr.505 TroVMCEEO d'Xaovs, 3& liV 70~ ro 'v T' rov, and note. Here, however,the continuity and not the break must be the excuse.

11. 668-719. First Stasimon. Strophe a'. The Chorus describe thebeauty of Colonus, where the nightingale is ever singing amid the densefoliage-where Dionysus loves to rove. Descriptions of scenery arerare in Greek poetry. But Colonus was the birthplace of Sophocles,and it is also a pathetic touch in the closing scene of the life of the' world-wearied' Oedipus, that he should pass away in such a beautifulspot. (Cp. Introd. Anal. p. 59.)

1. 668. irirov ,rao8 XPQas defines rTcl pa'rT-ra yav firavXa. Cp.supr. 45 'ipas yJ 7i a'. 'Stranger, thou hast reached the goodliest

dwelling-place on earth, in this land of gallant steeds.' The habitationsin this land of steeds, to which thou art come, are the goodliest on earth(xpa 67*rra r).

1. 670. T"v Qpy1i~^ KoXwov6v. The ace. is in apposition to bravXa.

92


' On the western side, towards Aegaleos, the course of the Cephisus ismarked by a broad belt of dark green, formed by the groves of Colonus,and the gardens of the Academus ; and the site of Colonus itself is dis-tinguished by two bare knolls of light-coloured earth, the adp'yra Koxcovvyof the poet-not chalky, as the expositors of that passage often describeit to be.' Tozer, Geogr. of Greece, 242. But the marble altars, etc.would make the place conspicuous from a distance. The second knollis probably the 7rayosL Aprprpa fvXAX6ov. See Introd. Anal. p. 61.

1. 672. Oapl ovo-a, 'haunting,' cp. II. i8. 386 ?rapo 7Ey JhV oVTr Oabd-

Esls. Observe the correspondence between the ode and the senarii,supr. 17, 18.

1. 673. Xcopats i iro P cr-ats, 'down in the green glades.' For ndo6

with dat. cp. Ant. 336, 7 1rEpLfpvXolLv I 7rEpw^v 1r' oYt'laaLV.1. 674. av Xovo-ac, 'remaining constant to.' Cp. Aj. 212 XlXor 8ovpL-

iJA rov IrTptar dviEX. o tv"w' refers to the purple-veined and shiningsurface of the ivy leaf.

1. 675. OEol. Probably Dionysus is meant, who is suggested by theivy, and who presided over woody places.

1. 676. tvpLJp6Ka1prov. The epithet has reference to the berries of theivy, laurel, olive, etc., cp. supr. 17. Cp. O. T. 83 ra-yicprov a4dvtr.Cv XLov, K.'r.X. Cp. Od. 5. 478, 9 70o (Od'rovy) Itv ip' o&r' dvl v81C1 /LphOS b'yp

3y divrwcv, I OVTE iroT' ?(EAlOS Yallen dccrsois 4aAAer,

IC. T. X.

1. 68o. The Nymphs of Nysa are meant, who, according to a legend,were the nurses of the infant Bacchus. Cp. Il. 6. 132. a L'rroXOv,'dancing round;' the word expresses the confusion of the Bacchanalianrout,-' so many and so many, and such glee.'

1. 681. Antistrophe a'. ' Here day by day continually, beneath thedews of heaven, the lovely clusters of the narcissus come into bloom,crown in olden time of the great goddesses, and the crocus golden-rayed. Here are the streams of the Cephisus, with fertile waters whichnever fail. Here is the haunt of the Muses and Aphrodite.'

1. 684. The goddesses are Demeter and Persephone. Persephone wascarried away when gathering a narcissus-;v Epvoe 6iXov aXvcWc'lrt

Kopp I ra aAbr 8sovXuAj xapt oq vrI loXVE'CrTp Hom. h. Cer. 8, 9-i and with its fragrant perfume all the wide heaven above was gladdened,and all the earth, and the salt waves of the sea.' At a later time thegoddesses wore crowns of myrtle or corn; hence the epithet &pXatLov.

1. 687. Kltpo-oO vo R&es PEOpC0o, (I) 'feeding the streams of Cephi-sus :' or (2) 'dispensing the streams of Cephisus,' i. e. to the neigh-bouring fields. The allusion in the first instance would be to thesprings above Cephissia, in the second, to the runnels by which theneighbourhood of Colonus was (and still is) irrigated.

OEDIPUS COLONE US.

1. 688. ' But ever, each day, with quickening power, he brings hisstainless waters over the bosom of the earth.' hr' 1j4LrU, ' on each day,'like ica-r' tap, cp. Heracl. Frag. 32 (Bywater) vEos p' rj4ipp ijXLor.

1. 689. LKU 6Kos, ' fertilizing.' wrEsOwv is a partitive genitive withErvivi'EraL. Cp. supr. 399 and note.

1. 691. ,rrEpvoVXov XOov6

s. Either (I) =EipoEr pS, or (2) 'nour-ishing.' The metaphor is of course common. Aesch. S. c. T. 16 yjE /C0Tpq, pl7 -aTp rpo~p 2cI 'Ydp vi'ov Ep'rovras E'LEVEr, curavrav&ocov~a 7rarEt'a '7AXo, EOp~aro, .T.A.

1. 692. vw, ' the region.'11. 694-706. Strophe 0'. ' Here grows the olive, unbidden, untended

-such a plant as there is not in Asia or Pelops' isle, dreaded by hostilespears,-indestructible, and guarded by Zeus and Athena.'

1. 694. The gen. y&s 'Acrats is partitive and to be taken with ira-KOmCO. 'And there is (here) a thing the like of which I cannot hear of'as belonging to the Asian land, nor as ever having sprung in the greatDorian island of Pelops, a plant inviolate, self-created,' etc. The con-struction of the genitive is, in fact, developed in the next line, withev.. hAa ordv. The epithet 'Dorian,' as applied to Peloponnesus, is,of course, an anachronism. But this would only be felt by a few A0o'yoc.

1. 698. &Xedporov perhaps means ' unravaged,' though others take it= daxtpov'pyTrov, or it may contain both meanings, ='not violated by thetouch of man.' acrr6rotov. The olive was supposed to be indigenousin Attica, and when the parent tree ofi the Acropolis of Athens (theoriginal gift of Athena) was burnt by the Persians, it was found on thenext day to have put out a shoot a cubit in length. Hdt. 8. 55-

1. 699. 46j36ripI is rather 'cause of rout' than ' fear.'1. 701o. raLLSorp 64ov, ' child-nourishing.' 4)XXov 4E'Xas. 'The

leafy olive.' Cp. Aesch. Pers. 616 r~js aliv Ov qhoour OaXot;aotsavO^s 4Xaas.

1. 702. ' Which no commander, young or old..' For the omissionof the first OVOE cp. Phil. 771 &~c6,ra /.tj' diorTa. For y4p, = ='in thetime of old age,' cp. O. T. I72 o'rE 7r&COWOL .. dvIXovrt yvvazL^CE. Thereis possibly an allusion in these lines to the invasion of Xerxes.

1. 704. ol aLvcv,='having command.' Cp. 11. 16. 172, and the useof the word y tcivrwp.

1. 705. Moplov AL6s, i. e. Zeus the protector of the sacred olives inthe Academy, which were called popiat.

1. 706. yXaVKW^-irLs is no doubt selected owing to yXvicas in 70o.

11. 707-719. Antistrophe 1'. ' And my city has another boast, herswift horses and also her fair sea, -these are the gifts of Poseidon.He tamed the horse for us first, and the ships bound swiftly throughthe waters beneath the stroke of the oar.'

94


1. 7o7. fLcrpowroXeLt 7 8E. Athens is the 'mother city' of Colonus.

The dat. follows on atvov Xco, to which etIeiv is added in epexegesis.1. 708. aQVXipa is in apposition to aTvov.1. 711. The adjectives may agree (I) with abrlv, = parproxtv, which

must be supplied after dirdEvy, or, possibly, with aLov, or (2) with 3&pov.[Perhaps y' viw are the missing syllables after EiTvE'v.]

1. 712. The guardian deity of Colonus is remembered in this praise.For the position of the words cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 3 "HgaiorE, IOL ZE Xp

1. 714. WITwroL0cr with KT oas. The legend that the horse was thegift of Poseidon may signify the importation of the horse into Greece.

11. 716-19. These lines expand the idea of E0&6Aacov. Join K'rayXcOp6oKEL. *irapat'iCorotht'va. The MSS. have 7raparTroIAva, syncopated fromrapaffETOva, cp. 7rEaOat in O. T. 17. Xepo t, 'by force of hands.'

1. 718. iZKTORwi68wv. eicaTov is used merely to give the idea of mul-titude, cp. ieaTro-yxpavor, iecar6yXEtpor, and the first part of the epithetis the most important. Others render,' the feet of the fifty Nereids,'cp. Aesch. Fr. 468 (N.) aerWoLva rEV-?ICovPTra.NypIIswv icopav, but arith-metic is out of place here.

11. 720-1043. Third Episodion, which is slightly broken by the lyricmeasures in 834-836 =876-878, 841-843= 884-886. Creon enters withthe intention of persuading Oedipus to accede to the request of theThebans; failing in this, his attendants carry off Ismene and Antigone,and he is only prevented from carrying off Oedipus by the active inter-vention of the Chorus. Theseus, summoned by the cries of the Chorus,enters, and compels Creon to give assistance in restoring the maidens.

1. 721. rol, sc. 1rapTarT, cp. Phil. 1165, 6 ad~A yv&O', E' yvilO', bL raol6j@pa r-ive' 7TopE~v'E1L. 4a~vey is causative, ' make them shine,' i.e.'show their truth.' Cp. Tr.239 ebirratâ paivwv. [To read aY.. xpal-veyi is to make the language common-place.]

1. 723. ljtv, cp. supr. 81 j E'P6CrYV tLlYz 6 CIvos;

1. 725. r 'pta rils ro-rqpCs, (I) 'the safety that is to end my wander-ings.' (2) 'The goal of safety.'

1. 726. rrpEa a L, sc. 0 Xp"ELT.1. 728. Creon enters, from the right, with two attendants.1. 729. 6

I&raWV +6Pov are to be taken together, ' fear that showsitself in your eyes.' Cp. Aesch. Eum. 407 7-ap3w pIv obUv, OaVlpa 3'o6LppaLy 7rapa.

1. 731. 'v, i. e. EpI, understood from Trs ijos Igntae6ov.1. 734. E'i rv' 'EXX&8os. For the attraction cp. Aj. 488 dErep T/s

aGOvouvos EV TX0hovTr 4pvyIv.

1. 735. 'rXLK6'V8, 'at such years.' The age and feebleness of Oedi-

pus is a reason for conveying him away into safety. [This is the MS.

96 OEDIPUS COLOINEUS.

reading. ri7Mmoe is commonly read, as though Creon were soothingthe alarm of the Chorus by drawing attention to his own age.]

1. 738. 'K4 tLoL y4VEL, 'kindred made it incumbent on me.' (KG,=7TPOCr7/(E.

1. 739. eLs rretXE-rov wr6XEOS, ' to the greatest amount of all that arein the city,' i. e. more than any one else in the city. wdohAt is here thecollective word = froXtLat. Observe the alliteration in this line.

1. 742. BLKCLWOS, cp. Aj. 11o 9 , 10 re.. ElT pap e'ych I o'ow lcalfs.EK 81 Twv: the article as a demonstrative is generally accompanied inSophocles by ycdp or 6'. Cp. Tr. 135 r4^ 8' bsrEpxeTra.

1. 743. rXEto-rov. .K&KLo-ros, cp. Phil. 631, 2 7lTs 7TAX oErov iXOBlersLAOi KXv'o' EXt'Vrn.

1. 746. rr,,=' leaning on.' The expression is analogous to 4pet'^v.i;pIEov .. ir' dyicvpwv, Hdt. 7. 188. Cp. supr. 148 note (1).

1. 49 s 8o-l opos. We should expect the article, ijE ' 8d'aopor.Hermann puts a comma before v'teopos, 'quia si abest articulus, voca-bulum hoc non est cum i9E constructum, sed nude positum, ut sit8vr' opos o'aa.' Cp. 974. The word forms part of the predicate=8vaoY6pws.

1. 752. T0ITrL6vTOS, cp. O. T. 393, 4 7d 7' afTrly/A' obit TrobioTL6yrTOS Iav8phs 8tEtrre^v.

1. 753. pa, = " p' ob, but even more emphatic. 'Is it, or is it not?'1. 7 54. vElL8tL'. Ist pers. Creon professes to be horror-struck at his

own words, which he proceeds to excuse in the following lines.1. 7.55. Creon cannot hide the shame of the house while Oedipus

wanders abroad in the sight of all.1. 757. Oekicras, ' consenting.' Cp. O. T. 649 rLOoV OGEar.1. 759. h 8' OKOL, sc. TrdlIS.

1. 760. a4-poL'r' dv. The passive of ai'w occurs here only. Thevoice helps to soften the admonition (arIApa& aXOaic?^r X-ywv). Cp.O. T. 289 piA 7rap'v OavycE-rat.

1. 761. &v ( Cpv. The ad refers to a suppressed condition, 'if oc-casion required.' The present is general. ' One who could alwaysbring.' wav'r6s is of course to be separated from Xoyou acatov.

1. 762. ' A subtle fabrication of a just plea.'1. 764. iv. ' To ensnare.' iv ots= iv TroroT it ots. ' In that par-

ticular in which,' i. e. in his relation to Thebes and his sons.1. 768. Fea-ros J Ovjo~LOLEvoS, 'I was sated with my rage.' Cp. Dem.

1175, 4 iTEL& a ,rTOS e"yE'VETO dyavarC^dv.1. 770. ~ 6e&09ts, 'you were for casting me forth.' At the end of

the Oedipus Rex, Creon is undecided about the fate of Oedipus. Hedoes not accede to his desire to leave the country, but waits for theguidance of the oracle. This view of the situation is left but of sight here.


1. 771. 'r' Jvyyevis -roOt', ' this kinship of which you speak.' For 7rwyyevis cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 39 Trb OivyYv'S Tro aELvdv.

1. 775. rs aiT-rqi rIpqJLS ; 'what way of giving pleasure is this ?' Theword recalls 766. Cp. Thuc. 3. 12 ris obv a'T71 h qsXLa h EAEvOEpLa

mTur ; Another reading is Tocadra7.1. 776. fGrrep .. EL, =' as if for instance.'1. 780. The emphasis is on pcLracL, 'empty would be the satisfaction

you would so obtain, would it not?'11. 785, 6. ' And that your city may come off from the land of these

men without harm.' 'rav8' must be joined with XOov 6s. &cahkXXX0'imeans 'to be rid of,' and "to finish a contest with.' Cp. Ant. 400TWr V' diry7Xci Oat Kaiv.

1. 787. Join 4KEZ X Spas. Cp. Phil. 899 d.A' EVO~&' 6?y Tro~BE Tro7 aOovs cvp&.

1. 790. iMvet v 96vov. These words are epexegetic of XaXEZ,roo-oUrov, not of roo-o~'rov only. Their sole inheritance in the land isdeath in it. There is no mention of burial: for burial in a fatherlandwould be a consolation in death rather than otherwise.

11. 794, 5. 6anr6 X lrv, 'suborned,' cp. Aj. 188 'broaX ylEvot / XAr-rovest yVOov. Notice the play on sound in cr6cL and orToCLOL v.

o'r6lworL =' sharpening;' ' whetted to a fine edge.' Cp. Aristoph.Nub. 11o 7 foll. pipvpra' 6bows I E 4

o I aro/6OcAres abr6'v, r A I OdV repa Io0orv 31'lots, 7rj' i' i'Tpac avrov *yvdov (edge) I orrd owrov o'av is raAL'Cw lrpayfa ra.

1. 796. Td i7aeova Xcdots av icaxcd paX.ov i owripta. Cp. Ant. 313,314 1C C^V -ylp aloxpwv y AflL.rLyTWV TOI k ITrwdovas L drpcivovu i'Sot ae77 elaweepvovr.

1. 797. ,rocLra refers to iv 3l 7r XysLv, /.. . .1. 99. EL rEprroleeOL, ' if we be pleased withal.' Cp. Ant. 1032.11. 8oo foll. 'Do you think that I miss the mark in dealing with your

interests, rather than you in dealing with your own in the presentcolloquy ?'

1. 802. pCfr' 1 4 .. ~'7 Troo'8s, i.e. ' that you should fail to convince

them as you fail to convince me.'11. 804, 5. 'Will you prove yourself incapable even of growing wise

with time, living only to disgrace old age ?' #4o-as pvas. El. 1463 (p'rv<ppivas, Aj. 1077 Tpa 'yevvucy, y-ya. <ipea '86vras is a common phrase.

1. 807. 4E' a raVTos, ' in every case.' Cp. supr. 761.1. 808. The meaning of eliracev rrohXXl is 'to be diffuse,'-and Creon's

remark is intended to draw a distinction between speaking diffusely andspeaking to the point. A man may say a good deal and yet say itin season. Oedipus curtly retorts: ' No doubt what you say is brief andto the point,' implying that Creon is both prolix and vague.

H


1. 809. Ls 841. The words are significant of irony.1. 8Io. (I) ' My words are not seasonable in the judgment of one who

has so little sense as you have.' This is better than (2) ' I do not speakseasonably in speaking to one so void of understanding.'

1. 812. 'Keep watch over me like a blockading ship, in the placewhere it is destined that I should dwell.'

1. 813. Uap'r6POIat froT6O8' ob ae', i.e. 'I make the Chorus, not you,the witness of my treatment at your hands.' irpbs 8, the b is adver-sative. Trovs lkXovs may be (i) Eteocles and his party at Thebes,(2) Creon.

1. 814. 4jv o-' '7X 'rorT. The sentence is broken off. Creon means thatif he succeeds in taking him, Oedipus shall answer at Thebes for hislanguage in reply to his friends. Cp. infr. 850.

1. 816. dyvE rGvvs, i.e. 'without my taking you.' Or, possibly,dvEv rV8sE may mean 'without their consent' ('in the absence ofthese men,' R. E)., as some translate dav 70o' dvapo's in O. T. 1464-Others read ro8E. *But cp. II 71.

1. 817. ao v (py as abyu 66q Aj. 1245.11. 818, 19. rT'iv t V

.. rV 8 ', Ismene, Antigone.1. 820. o4LtELv -d&SE, 'thus to exclaim.' Aesch. Ag. 1074 -r 7'aT7'

avTrdTrveas dppci Aoeiov; Or, ' to cry out at what is now being done.'1. 821. rFivSE *r', sc. CO. [The y' of the MSS. must be changed to

7r or'.]1. 823. The tribrach indicates excitement.1.,825. o00' & rrpo'rOv E'pyc aL (iKlata 7irpata), sc. in taking Ismene.1. 826. This is addressed to Creon's attendants who suddenly come in

sight. For the use of av with the optative to give a command cp. Tr.73 p ortTv &v &pli6,ot a as 6 rll ITX. yiW Xov.

1. 830. Creon, as next of kin, is guardian of the children of theoutlaw. Cp. O. T. 1448 ial y&p 6pO&0 'r&v 'YE 6Wv rTEXi, i'rEp.

1. 832. For the use of the masc. gender cp. infr. ioi6, 17, El. 1105,O. T. 1472 .ro70V O01 pXhotv. It is mostly confined to the plural anddual when speaking of women, though we find hXyV; aWrop in Aesch.Ag. 664, and Soph. O. T. 8o, 81.

1. 836. r'pyov, 'hands off.'1. 837. FIaXet. The future implies necessity, 'you will have to

fight.'1. 838. Supr. 616 foll.1. 839. & JA Kpa'ris, ' what you cannot enforce,' lit. 'things in regard

to which you have no power.' The lp is due to the general nature ofthe expression, as often in relative clauses.

1. 840. XaX&v, ' to leave go.' ro 8' 'yoy', sc. l'yw. These wordsare spoken to the attendant who has laid hands on Antigone.

NOTES. LINEs 809-875. 99

1. 841. 680rropEtv is a word peculiar to Herodotus and Sophoclesin classical authors. It occurs in Sophocles ten times. It is = 'to be awayfarer.'

1. 842. beyvec, 'by force of arms.' Cp. Eur. Bacch. 953, 4 o aeve10Tr7"or v yvvaicar.

1. 848. i~ 'rorOLV.. OK rTrpowV, 'with these to lean upon.' For be,='by means of,' cp. Phil. 91, 2 o0 yaip i3vbs iro3b J j~ar arooov'u Eipr PMa' Xeav xLp rat.

1. 849. 6

8orropioELs. So the MSS. Those who deny that the secondperson future can be used with ob I in the sense of a negative assertionread d6oorioaYr, see supr. 177. [Hermann, ed. 1841, allows the future;he translates o3 IAj r parovat (cp. Phil. 41) 'non vereor ne capturi sint;'o3 x) 7rpcrmwt 'non vereor ne capiant.']

1. 851. 'rpavvos, ' of royal blood.' Cp. Eur. Med. 957 Ti -rvpciv& ..VP0?, El. 664 rpinr'E yap Ws rpavos laopev.

1. 852. r S,=73b raphyv rpayua. Cp. supr. 820.

1. 855; Apy i, K.Tr.. Cp. O. T. 337, 8 6pytYv iLpLc'o Ir 'IY7Y, Trvaijv ' 6po, I vaiovoav oSb arEsiEs, Teiresias to Oedipus.

1. 856. 41roExEs aUToo. Creon turns to depart, after uttering his taunt,with which cp. Phil. I052-1062.

1. 857. 'VSE, sc. riv ITaiL v.

11. 858, 9. (I) 'Then you will quickly place with my city a stillheavier pledge.' In a quarrel io' Lov is that which is held by one ofthe parties or a judge till the dispute is determined. Cp. Aesch. Ag.534, 5 yhcSXv "y&p dpray i E xeiat , oics lqsyv 70o A vaov 0' f7japrE, I.r.h.

For 04'0ELS cp. /cavaroXas OIFvat. r6tXE, = rat~s eO)patl. Others explain,(2) 'you will impose on your city (Athens) the task of redeeming agreater pledge.'

1. 861. *,os ro^ro vliv 1rErwp6~Erca, 'know that this shall certainly bedone at once.' Cp. Phil. 812 dr oS OE'.ttl ' E oficrTt eo60 /LoXE&v a Tp.

[dE is wanting in the earlier MSS. and was added by Triclinius.Herm. suggested X;yotrs av.]

1. 864. ~l yLp. Supply a negative. 'Nay, may these goddesses,' etc.ETL must not be taken with the sentence, but with T7a3E, 'this one curse,'or with d#covov, ' prevent me from still uttering.'

1. 866. JLXOv 6'jxLa, 'eye of blindness.' Oedipus refers to his children,

who were now to him in the place of eyes. For a similar extensionof the meaning of 6q0aXtuds cp. O. T. 987 Ica pIAv p'yar 'y' p0axp~~s of7ra-rp Td0otL. LX6v= ' which remained when eyes were gone,' a quasioxymoron. Cp. Gloster in Lear, 'What, with the case of eyes?' pl'is to be joined with &rromrras.

1. 870. K up, p' is attracted into the case of E'.1. 875. Notice the order of the words, which is inyerted for the sake

OEDIP US COLONEUS.

of emphasis, and cp. infr. 1365 ei 5' ZWC'vaa -rraT8 pgi '/.tavrc' 7TpobPOs ]TaS 7aTaS.

1. 879. velO, ' I will regard.' Cp. El. I50 a 8' "ywye vz4co a E6v. Theprose word is vo'C(ca.

1. 88o. 'rois ,roL 8LKcaLOLs, 'in a just cause:' the dative expresses occasion

or circumstance, as in the common phrase ror icatvoi' 7pay-8o0i . p3paXis,'with slight resources.' Cp. Salos in Aj. 160 ferT&d y&p /TiEya'Xcv fatos

aplat' av.. op00oF'.1. 882. The lost words were something like ZEV's t1o Lvvi'rcep.1. 883. &Vera is probably feminine.1. 885. irred 'ipcv, K. r. X. 'Since they are passing all bounds.'

There is no reason to suppose that the Chorus allude to their passingthe boundaries of Attica. Cp. supr. 154 and note.

1. 887. Theseus, who has been sacrificing at the neighbouring altarof Poseidon since leaving the stage in 667, is recalled by the cries ofthe Chorus.

1. 888. Eo-yere, ' checked me.' Cp. 429 obuc 'oaov ob8' uvav.

1. 891. Cp. O. T. 1321-6 ic', piAos .. ob ytdp lpe XASOEts, dX&A -ytyvcaIcw

Gaqipir ( ica7ep oxorevds, V~v ye o-#v abi8)v pwOs.

1. 893. ,r& rroka CLrara; For the article cp. O. T. 291 and note.1. 894. oXE'raL .. darocrmroas, cp. supr. 866 and El. 809, 1o 7ro-

cnrrrdtar 7 E/i Lj o eXL PPEvS I- ai' trot U6

vat rapiaav iArliwv &t.

The present passage brings out strongly the idiomatic use, of oX.tEat,for Creon is standing before the speaker.

1. 895. rq"v F6vv tvvwp8a. The two sons are not counted aschildren.

11. 897-901. Observe the rapidity in the rhythm of these lines. Itarises from the absence of spondees in the fifth foot, the second halvesof the lines being thus composed entirely of iambics.

1. 900. &ir pu JTrpos,' at full speed.' Avrlp, which elsewhere meansa ' trace,' is here a 'rein.' The preposition is =' unchecked by,'i.e. with a loose rein. lTOrroPOL.. 68ol, 'the two hollow ways,' i.e.each road opens out of a narrow gorge of its own. The two roadsare the Eleusinian and that towards Phyle.

1. 90go. avd CLXXovorLv is used absolutely, cp. supr. 85 ha~ntp'.1. 902. rrapE0cr', i. e. 'pass the place where the roads meet,' so that

they might take either, and thus escape from certainty of capture.1. 903. Vvco, i.e. Creon. The dative goes with ye'vctlat.1. 905. El lEV 8L' 6pyyjs iKov, ' if I were mounted to the rage,' cp.

Ant. 742 tad 851bl 1ic'v, Aesch. Pr. V. 121 St' anreXOeass ~X6vrTa. i~xovis used of attaining a degree of rage, cp. O. T. 1519 OEoloS' XOT-roIs cw.

1. 907. I. e. as he came in to arrest others, so he shall be arrested, tillhe restores them. [The reading of the MSS. is &W'rep, which contrasts

00


the clauses, a 0Ep JXOEV, (oICoS) AppooOArETat, but not the VdO'OL, whichare chiefly in point. Hence the correction o'cnrEp. [Cp. App. 2.]

1. 91o. Zvapydes, 'clear to sight.' Cp. Tr. 223 rdE aot .8,Uew T radpEPT

evapyi, El. 878 ivapywô, warEp eolopIg s a.1. 912. cr"s x 0ov6 s, 'the land which is yours'-perhaps slightly

different from 7rj aig XOods. But the article is not unfrequentlyomitted with the possessive in Sophocles, supr. 112, infr. 1323.

1. 914. Kpavouoyav, used in the Homeric sense of accomplishing, andso =' determining.' The description of Athens combines the laws ofhistorical with the authority of heroic times. Pericles, as describedby Thucydides, was not far removed from the Theseus of Sophocles.dcLELs .. KiptLa, 'casting off the authorities of this land.' Cp. infr.

1537 rd Oc' &dP.1. 916. rrap(araax p3C, ' make subject to you by force.' Cp. Hdt. 3.

45 Ef*rep abroZ icavol siav IloAvcpT-Ea apa'r?0aatae.

1. 9 17. KVEavSpov, ' without men,' i. e. without valour.1. 918. Qrcp trLsev, cp. O. T. o019, Ant. 1325.1. 923. 4mosrv &MX.iOv KTipI a, 'poor suppliant mortals.' The peri-

phrasis is pathetic, cp. El. 758 LywtrTov ac aâ ELthaias arro 00.1. 924. oiiKOuV. oi~ marks the accordance of the rule which Theseus

would himself observe with the claim which he advances.1. 926. For avEu cp. note on sup. 816.1. 927. ay must be taken with' Eth'ov no less than jyov, and also

with '1prLo'-r&lv.1. 929. &iaav o1JK o -av, sc. alaXv'vEaOat.1. 930. For a'Tro= oavroV cp. supr. 853, infr. 1356, Trach. 451.1. 933. rL& almost transfers the active verb into the passive voice.

The important fact is that the maidens be brought: it is immaterialwho brings them,

1. 934. [LTOLKOS, 'a sojourner'-without the more precise sense ofthe word. Compare the use in the Antigone, 852, 890.

1. 936='I mean what I say.'1. 937. v' KELS, cp. supr. 273 l6rlv iv' incdv, 0. T. 687. Creon is

bringing shame on his birth and nurture.

1. 940. apouXov refers to 913, 14 Bicat' drouaav edrEXO&v rdroALViavev vb6yov iepaivovaav ovirsv.

1. 941. yLyvc Wyov, 'feeling sure.' Cp. the use of eri'roraya in Hero.dotus for a certainty which exists only in the mind of the speaker.

1. 942. adUrois, i.e. 'the citizens,' from 7d'tV. The accusative in

place of the more usual dative is due to the desire to intensify the activeforce of the verb. rr4 0ot,=hAdpot.

1. 946. 'Marriage of a son.' rTEKVOV is not genitive of the object(with a son) but attributive, defining the dvdatoto ydo6o.

10I

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

1. 948. ~uvj 8 X06VLOv ve', 'I knew to be established in their land.'1. 950. 'r4vS' v XELpoviRqv d'ypac, 'I sought to master this prey.'1. 95i. 'racIr' &v 6vo~ erpo-oov, 'I should not be acting as I am'-

i. e. I should not be employing force.1. 953. The requital of an injury was, to the Greek, a duty. Hence

in every quarrel, political or private, either side attempted to prove thatprovocation had been given,

1. 955. Cp. Macbeth, 3. 2 ' Duncan is in his grave; I After life's fitfulfever he sleeps well; I Treason has done his worst; nor steel, norpoison, j Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing, Can touch himfurther.' Aesch. Fr. 250 (N.) dXTyos ' obsv a7rTE7rat vElpov.

1. 957. ip1iFq a

This is a false pretence, for Creon had men withhim, cp. infr. 1028.

1. 958. rrpigeLs refers to any personal restraint which might be putupon him.

1. 96o. Cp. Creon's language, supr. 8oo.1. 962. ovru op&s= dyr, cp. O. T. 99 its T 7p67ro T7~ evJops;1. 964. adv= 'unconsciously.' GEo0s ydp, K.'.A. Cp. Aj. 489 8Eo r

y&p dl' doi irov. The notion of an hereditary curse is less prominentin Sophocles than in Aeschylus; it is here put forward as a possiblereason for the sufferings of Oedipus, but Aeschylus is more explicit)S. c. T. 742 rTaXaLyEv?1 yap AEyWtI r rapPaniarav cv'rotvov [ altva ' is 7rplTro

1. 967. &vO' 'Orov, 'in retribution for which,' involuntary crimes beingregarded as the punishment of crime.

1. 97o. XP ra oiorLv .. *rd 8v. The use of the plur. is poetical andgives generality to the supposition, for there is no reason to supposethat Sophocles is here referring to the three oracles which came toLaius (in the version of Aeschylus, S. c. T. 746).

1. 972. OTE.. ob. Cp. Hdt. 8. 98 robVs OV'TE VLET6

S, obC 6O'PpoS, ob

aLa, o vV p-pyt, ,c.T.X.

1. 974. aveis 8i<r-rlYvos, 'born, unhappy one! as I was born.' Forthis sense of PavEl, cp. infr. 1225 rEl pavj,.

1. 977. *Sdv= 6) dv, cp. J 6Bv, El. 314. The MSS. have r~r 7' av,but it does not seem possible to retain the 7'. [Hermann retainsar&s ye, thinking it equivalent to obhlajiirs y'. But the use of ye withinterrogatives rests on one or two dubious passages; see Elmsley's noteon this passage.] &Kov, cp. supr. 240.

1. 981. eIs 'r6b8 .. Av6OLov cropoa, 'to this height of impiety in speaking.'11. 982, 3. siLKC' .. oi d vlica, 'she was my mother .. but we

knew it not, nor I, nor she.'1. 987. 'IKeV lyma, 'married in ignorance.' 404yyo 1aL r' dtv,

'speak against my will.'

102


1. 990. c6vovs is attracted into the relative sentence, v 6cvotr

1. 992. Trv 8KCatLov, 'the man of justice.'1. 993. KrE(VOL, ' were to attempt to kill.' Cp. supr. 274 and 0. T.

688 for this use of the present tense. So even the aor. Aj. 1127.1. 995. 8oK<^ 1iv. Cp. El. 61 and note.1. 997. Eto-ipl

3v, 'I entered,' as if going into a trap. Cp. Aj. 60 Eat7-

j3aXov E s 'pric ,caud.1. 998. ots, ' and to this,' i. e. to this argument of mine in assertion of

innocence.1. 1004. Ka CKyVTatL KCa Ss, ' established with good institutions.' Cp.

Plat. Legg. 3. 683 A -rrv Eil Aa Edalova icarToLbIolv .. v jIELr 6pOiw'aTrE iaTOuCEIa-Oat xai Kpi7rv 's dcicEXo^ vJ'poLts

1005. Join 18e roXX&.1 8.1008. ,rv LKET1V YVpovr' . Cp. . T. 1153 rAv YpovrCid ' ail.d,

Phil. 930. For the tribrach cp. supr. 823.1. o01I. KarCLTKflrrTC XLTaLS, 'I charge them with prayers.' cara-

alcnrrw for the more usual mariarcrT (0. T. 1446). Cp. the Homericexpression caOa pr t

6~vo i ErEafcv.

1. 1014. 8E opposes the two clauses 6 ~Evos .. at crv4opal. d~taL 8'&iLva0eiv is opposed to 'crav;XELs. In both cases we may assume apreceding pI'v. The speech shows the vacillation of the Chorus, whoare divided between fear of pollution by the presence of Oedipus andthe desire to help him. Compare the action of Ismene in the Antigone.

1. io16, o .. 4qpwao-LrEvot, ' the party of the captured ones,' i. e. themaidens and those who are taking them off. Cp. supr. 832. If this is notadopted, we must suppose that i&yprarptEvor is the middle voice, 'having'achieved their capture,' and this gives a plainer contrast to ol 7ra

6OdEs.1. 1018. 'What do you command (me, who am) a helpless person,

to do?'1. 1019. orrop wrv 8' 'pi Xepetv, 'that I, however, accompany you.

The infinitive depends on the notion 'my will is,' obtained from rpoa-

11. 1022-4. 'But if men are fleeing with them in their power, we mayspare our pains, for there are others urging that pursuit, whom to have

escaped out of this land they shall never glory before the gods.'1. 1024. X6pas r ri08e, gen. of motion from. With cvybvres cp. Phil.

1044 vraov rEpEvyv a. In Boeotia they would be safe. rrEvJwv7TaL.For the I aor. subj. after o' ps? cp. supr. 176 and note. [It is doubtful

whether we should read rtwecvOra or irV'eovrat. The best MSS.have rEbxovat, others r7TEVXOVTrat, which Hermann retains: 'Namquum illud ob/ 2i fere semper ad futura referatur, non est mirum, adjungiplerumque vel aoristi conjunctivum, vel futurum. Sed si dicendum est,

103

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

non esse metuendum, ne nunc, dum loquimur, jam sit aliquid, con-sentaneum est praesens adhiberi.']

1. 1026. h1 Vr Xl. Fortune is regarded as an instrument of Divinejustice. 86X X r 4 Sai l 8MCL(c. The dative is due to the verbal notionin KTWiCTaa.

1. 1028. Theseus will not allow Creon to take any one with him whengoing to the place where the maidens are, if close at hand.

1. 1029. 4VjpLv .. T'6Xprs. The gen. is descriptive, 'the insolence whichthis daring shows.' Cp. Aj. 10o4 & 8aviOiarov 6yia Ica? r6TXId IrLcpdS.

1. 103I. rrwcr6s is here active, cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 916, 17 Trois 7ireap-

a~otW IC7TroLs 7rtWT6s. Theseus here hints that Creon may have hadarrangements with some one at Athens or Colonus-unless he is referringto a force concealed in hiding.

1. 1035. ' Do these my words now appear as idle to you as all wordsof mine must have appeared when you contrived this plot ?'

1. 1036. Join LERwrbyov *[ot. iv048' wiv, i. e. in your own country.1. 1038. XCpayV d-TrEXEL, vYv, ' threaten as you please, but go on.'1. 1039. TLroTro 0Ls is here used passively, =' having received a pledge.'

Cp. Od. 2I. 218 7rcT10rvTO 7V' L Ovp.11. 1044-1095. Second Stasimon, Strophe a'. 'Would that I could

see the conflict, by the Pythian cliffs, or on the torch-lit shore, hallowedby sacred mysteries! There, I think, the war-cry will be raised.'I. 1O45. SaLwov Av piv .. rorpo.al, i. e. b'o av pEs~ ea'7rrppEq0vTLErs:

cp. Eur. Alec. 60o6 dvbpw^v 4paiYwv cEcvy7e)r apovria. When overtakenby their pursuers, the Thebans would .have to turn and defend them-selves.

1. 1046. "Ap -q pi.ovowLv. Compare the Latin expression ,miscere

.roelia (Propertius); Alcae. Fr. 31 euav 8' v dXXciot "Apsva. Xakho-j6ac, with reference to the cry of battle. XaKo- merely conveys thenotion of strength, 11. 18. 222 6'ra X6XicEov Aiawn'ao.

1. 1048. IIv0KtLs. There was a temple of the Pythian Apollo in whatis now the Pass of Daphne, on the road to Eleusis. The question iswhether the conflict will take place by the temple of Apollo, or onthe same road, but nearer Eleusis.

1. 1049. aXn wr&6TV &KTraiS,' torch-lit cliffs,' viz. by the shore of theEleusinian bay, with an allusion to the procession with torches. Cp. Aesch.Fr. 376 (N.) Xap7rpairtv dorpara^c Xadrra6w v o ENve. For the form ofthe adj. cp. infr. io60 r-pa vi48 dOi.

1. 1050. 1r6,rvMLt, sc. OEa. Demeter and Persephone.1. io51. It is difficult to decide whether Cv refers to rr6s-rVL or to

Ovarocrw. (I) ' Whose golden key holds fast the tongue of their minis-ters of the race of Eumolpus;' or (2) 'On whose tongue hath passedthe golden key of the ministering Eumolpidae.' The balance is in

104

NOTES. LINES o026-1068.

favour of the first interpretation, because the reason of rrpocr6Xov ismore apparent when it is referred to &v; and Ka, as adding a furtherdescription of the deities, has more force, though it may be urged infavour of the second that not only the Eumolpids but all the initiatedwere bound to silence. With KX~s 4~IrT yXCo(r PiPIKE cp. Aesch. Fr.309 (N.) dhX' 'TaL -drdot' i~Ar 't yA;capy qaapa. It is a figurative ex-pression for an obligatory silence.

1. 1053. [Hermann reads this passage thus,-EvO' oTat rv 3peCdravIVypepdxav Tcas raoTovs-taking TbV 6pE7BpdTav ypEcdxav of the Colo-

niatae. 6pE1~1rdav appears in the MSS. and Scholiast, but is probablya corruption of -ypepuixav (6pEtwcvTav)].

1. Io55. 8LcT6Xovs, ' with double escort.' The word recalls the twobands of Thebans who carried off Ismene and Antigone. d&tTiras,'unsullied by capture.' Cp. infr. 1147 dicpac'ECr &v caT 7lre XqiEvwv.

1. io56. &8E k&s. The maidens are spoken of rather than their captors,as being more vividly before the mind. Cp. supr. io16, 7 of pv i5p-7raphVot I cpEyorv.

1. 1057. aCrTapics.. oa, 'a rescue sufficient to maintain its own cause;''victorious in its own strength.' 63oa is almost= oIoEia, cp. Aesch.Ag. 1349 cpcatyEv Boibv. 4'ipe7wL must be taken intransitively, 'jointogether in.'

1. o058. roro-8' 4vd Xcopovs resumes EvOa 1054.11. 1059-1073. Antistrophe a'. 'Or the scene is more distant, beyond

Oea, near the snowy rock. Capture is certain: our warriors are terrible,and all our mounted forces are in pursuit.'

1. o059. ( irov, ' or perhaps.' With -rv 4f aTEpov supply X^pov.1. io6o. wTeXatL, fut. of IrxE'Xc. 'Or haply, leaving the pastures of

Oea, they will draw near the region westward of the snowy rock.'I. e. probably (for the position of Oea is uncertain) they will enter thepass of Phyle, above which the end of Parnes rises on the east.

1. o1063. The fugitives are supposed to have provided themselves withchariots to convey away the maidens.

1. 1o65. Ab O-EGaL is not impersonal, but a nom. (sc. 6 47v'ywv) mustbe supplied from evyoer. rpo rXpcov, ' of those who dwell here athand.' Cp. supr. 493, and see 897 ff. The Coloniates and the body-guard of Theseus had both been present at the sacrifice.

1. io66. There is an anachronism in speaking of the youth of Athensas the sons of Theseus. In a similar figure Virgil speaks of theAeneadae, Aen. 1. 565 'Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciaturbem?'

1. io68. 'The riders are all rushing on, following the head-gear ofthe horses,' i.e. giving their horses the head. Cp. supr. 900. ForKciar cp. Kaa' opov, maTd 7r a. [1C4apa WrdiAkwv has been regarded by:

105

io6 OE.DIPUS ' OL ONE US6

some editors as a gl6ss on acirvccripta. Hermann read xaXc7â' Aprva.

77prLa ,wracatd, which does not seem Sophoclean.]1. o7o. . ppaoLs, abstract collective = dvapr7at, and so followed by oi'.11. 10oI, 2. The Theseidae are specially worshippers of Athena, the

Coloniates of Poseidon.11. 1074 foll. Strophe 1'. ' Are they already engaged? Soon will they

surrender their prey. I prophesy victory. Would that I had thewings of a dove that I might soar aloft, and satisfy my eyes with thesight I'

1. 1075. 'rpo[Lva'rC . The use of this word here is unique. It isproperly said of 'soliciting for another,' especially of 'soliciting inmarriage.' The meaning seems to be, 'how my mind seeks to win(this prize for Oedipus) that-.' [To translate, 'how my mind fore-bodes,' is to suit the meaning of the word to the context.]

1. 1o76. rd" &v8sco'ew, 'that they will quickly restore,' i. e. theenemy will. The meaning of drvai& copA is in accordance with analogy,though an instance exactly parallel has not been found. Cp. dvacoyESLv ,cuarrinEtELv (Pind. Isthm. 7. 14 "Alpacrrov i~ dhaXas dAruinptar 6ppavrvUvpiWov i7Tdpwv ir Ap'yos ilrrov). Others read vsacELY. But this requiresthe reading 7-v .. rXaadv .. ebpovaa v (i. e. ' that the sufferings of themaidens will abate'), unless Ev'Aco pt can be used actively, ='surrender.'For aTv 6etva T7-~Aav cp. Eur. I. A. 942 ' eLYd TrXaa obc avE'Icrrapivo9o.

1. 1079. rL, ' a thing,' i. e. the thing we desire.1. 1O82. ' Would that with swift flight, like a strong bird speeding

before a storm, I might from a cloud in heaven light upon this conflict,voyaging thither with mine eye !' aEOeplas vek'Xas is abl. gen.

1. 1O84. Oeop4olraoa roLvby 6'pta, 'having gone as a spectator withmine eye.' 6~cia is an accusative of limitation to OEwp6 s contained inOEcopEiv, cp. GaitvEty ro'a. Cp. Phil. 151 povperLv b'1' wlid ra a&cLraicatp,. The gender of Ocowpcrava is determined by weInht&s. [A con-jectural reading is iwpopaaaa.]

11. 10o85 foll. Antistrophe 8'. ' Grant us victory, O Zeus and Athena.And you also I invoke, Apollo and Artemis.'

1. 1o87. Sa LoXots, plural for sing. Theseus is meant.1. Io88. rEXeLGoOat, 'to bring to a successful issue.' -rv EUaypov..

X6Xov may be either (I) proleptic, ' the company which succeeds incapturing,' cp. infr. 1200 oo v acu^ ds'4p -rwv bULa7rcov: or (2) 'the companyfor the fair prey (Antigone).' X6Xov is used without reference to itsspecial meaning of' ambush.'

1. 1094. ' I long that they come, both of them, to aid,' etc. 8twRXsa&pcoys must be taken as predicate with poXEiv. With the adj. cp.O. T. 163 -rptacro due~ltiOpoL 7rpo0pdavrlT4 fo,.

NOTES. LINES I070-112I.

11. o096-10o98. These are spoken by the Coryphaeus, who assumes anactor's part for the moment. The Coryphaeus beginning a dialogue insenarii immediately after a stasimon-though frequent in Aeschylus-does not often occur in Sophocles. -rc aorr , with reference to 1074-84.

11. o096-121o0. Third Episodion. Theseus returns bringing back themaidens. After mutual greeting, Theseus remarks that he has seen asuppliant at the altar of Poseidon, who wished to have speech ofOedipus. The suppliant is found to be Polynices, and Oedipus is withdifficulty persuaded to see his son.

1. 1098. wrpoorroXovvLvas, 'brought hither by attendants,' A re-markable use of the passive.

1. 1100oo. r'S &v Oeo; i. e. Iras li 719 OEV; cp. Aj. 879 Ti av ] pot

.. arvot ;

1. 1105. Pao-aro-at, 'to hold in my embrace,' cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 1019iTrpaa 6' dywc- l a r a-cUa'rEt.

1. IIo6. ' The gift is one we long to give.'1. 1112. 'rrXEipov J4LtSELov must be taken with ipEtaarE, as forming

part of the predicate. ' Press your sides to me on either hand,' i.e.'support me on either side.' &LQtI84L0ov is almost=a1AoTfpc'OEv, i.e.the second half of the compound is not of much force, cp. O. T. 1243apt&Leiolr Cisdc~LS.

1. I 113. ' And ye shall give me rest from my hapless wandering whichwas lonely till your appearance.' Oedipus is perhaps thinking of thetime when he wandered alone, before Antigone came to be his com-panion, unless we suppose that he prolongs in thought the time whichhas elapsed since the maidens were taken away.

1. III6. 4apKZ= ' is enough and more than enough.' Supr. 6 Ica?r68' Ifapsoviv Atpoi.

1. 1118. 'And so the task will be brief for you and for me.' [Thetext is due to Hermann; the MSS. read ro'p-yov oblTbOy rf Eat.]

1. II19. It is better to take 'irphs 'r3 XL7rapls with JY1q6VW X6yov thanwith pv 0av'iagE. The phrase then becomes adverbial (cp. Aesch. Ag.130 irp

3r T3b lato', rrp3

r Piavy, etc.), and not = 7pbs 7' bAOiv AL7aps 70oiXAyov. Cp. Thuc. 2. 53 -raXdia rrs Zraivpio.Et~ iat 7rp

3 7r3 b EprvrV

ilovv ortElaOat. Trans. ' with troublesome persistence.'1. 1120. 'riEKV is acc. by the construction rpis r- oqr~atv6dfE'vov, cp.

O. T. 31, 32 eE .. ZCtaerO' IqE'a7rot, and note. el is postponed, as dr inAj. 589, 590.

1. 1121. *Tivl, MSS. arfv, which is not required, and is moreover mis-placed. It is one thing to say, 'the pleasure which I enjoy in regardto these daughters has come from you and from no one else' (makingcaqv a predicate); and another to say, 'the pleasure which you havegiven me in regard to these maidens has come from no one else.'

IO7

To8 OEDIP US COLONEUS.

1. 1124. s y 0Mco, 'according to my wish.' Cp. Eur. Hel. 1405.1. 1128. ' Feelingly thus requite your goodness with words.'1. 1131I. qaco, sc. cov.1. 1132. mnds *o-' Herm., ,r& 8' MSS., and in the next line *.rLs Herm.,

7ts MSS. The two corrections hang together, for the reading of theMSS. can only mean, 'how could I desire to touch a man in whomthere is no stain of evil abiding ?' [If this is accepted, the meaning ofthe clause ' .. fvvouros must be taken in a general sense, not withspecial reference to Theseus, and indeed no words could express moredeeply the consciousness of shame than these,' I am one whose touchis pollution to all who are not stained like myself.' The sense ofseparation is still strong in Oedipus, as when it compelled him todestroy his sight.] But according to Hermann's reading, the meaning is:' How can I wish you to touch a man with whom is abiding the stainsof every evil?'

11. 1134, 5. 0o Cywoy4 orE, sc. OLt-ELV OEXraL/t' a'v t0ov^, 'Never wouldI have thee touch me,' R. E. oab8' otv, K.'r.X. 'And if you attempt todo so, I will not allow it.' For the ellipse of the infinitive after i(cro) cp.supr. 407 dAX' of~ic a roVpvXov altja a', & irdiTEp. With 'rots y&p,K.'r.X. cp. O. T. 1414, 15 /a 'yp icad I obdels otds E 7rX hv 4po5 qipev

Iporciv, Od, 19. 347. If the MS. reading of 1032 is retained, as is tobe explained sc. LtMaW.

1. 1137. 'a~r60Ev, 'without approaching nearer.'1. 1138. '!l(pa is used for time generally, cp. Aj. 131, 622,1. 1141. o8'u is irregular after o6OE, hence Elmsley proposed o 7e,

Hermann defends obi' on the ground that a new verb is required in theclause, i.e. oi

6;r Oavy oar . .Xco obat byavarCTw, or the like, *rov'oO.

Some general word, e. g. p4pov, must be supplied.L. 1145. The antecedent to v may be taken with oZi'6iv as a partitive

gen., i. e. a& c4oaa obivy 0V'orcW itErb vOr l1. 1149- 'a ye refers to irws .. jpI04i, 'since you will learn the tale.'

A description of the capture might have been introduced here, but (I) ithas been anticipated by the preceding chorus, (2) it would delay theaction. Cp. El, 1364 ff., where a description is hinted but omitted.

1. 115o. h6yos. The word is attracted into the case of 's, and sowithdrawn from any further construction. For a similar attraction cp.Tr. 283 TieG& 8' iarep Ehlopq~, Eur. Or. 591 'A6XXchwv, iS, e,'.h,

1. 115. rv ovpaXo0 yv ~ip1v, cp. Plat. Polit. 298 C yvc'v lqv avo a-

haoeat. The phrase is elliptical. 'Unite your judgment with ours;'' contribute your judgment.'

1. 1153. avepoewov, 'one who is a man.' Cp. O. T. 977 Tri ' &v &poPoir'.v0pw ro ;

1. i 56. Polynices was of course exiled from Thebes.

NOTES. LINES I 124-I 179.

1. 1158. Iwpoo-Irc6v-r wIros, K.-r.h. 'Having in some unobserved way

taken his place as a suppliant at ,the altar of Poseidon.' The peoplehad left the sacrifice, 897 foll. For rws cp. Tr. 695 r7 y7p Ica'ayypa

1. 159. 'py1xWl'V, ' set forth.' Theseus refers to the occasion whenhe left the altar to come to the aid of Oedipus, Ooraaov ' ca0' "ov',lro86s (supr. 89o). The imperfect wdpphaw.1Av is used because the pursuitoccupied some time.

1. I I6o. rcp OaK4LaTL, 'by his sitting there.'1. 1162. olV 6'yKOV irXw&v, 'not burdensome.' Cp. infr. 1341 8paX'

obv o-y ia' Xp6ov.1. 1163. 0o 0-JIPKpoO Xbyov does not refer to tAOov ob~c 6yIrCov ~wAlcv,

but means 'of no small account.'1. 1164. 'They say that he asks to come to a conference with you

and to retire safely in regard to his journey hither.' 68o00 is genitive ofrespect after the adverb. The MSS. read LoAodXr' IaTEiy, for whichsynaphaea cp. O. T. 332, 333 ravî' I hXAos. But (I) IoX6vra is notrequired with EAXOA v .. areXO&1v .. 60o, and (2) there is no other instanceof synaphaea exactly parallel to and justifying oA6dv'r'. Hence theconjecture *Rl6vov is perhaps right.

1. 1165. &i E Oetv &drocaXs *rYls Sezp' ~6So, 'to return without harmarising from his coming hither.' The genitive is either (i) to be takenwith cbLpaX&hi (cp. supr. 1147), or (2) with drsaXOe 'v= iraXXha-jat.

1. 1169. aXis oiep Et, ' stay where you are,' i. e. don't say anythingmore.

1. I 170. wp&yLcros wolov ; sc, yp) q7Goc ;1. II 7. Bcoiov rOv8', ' when I hear this,' i. e. 'your speech in which

you mention Argos.' [' Id avTra dici debuisset. Recte Reisigius 'rTvaEde filiabus Oedipi dictum vidit, respicique ea, quae Ismene v. 377 seqq.narravit, quorum recordari Oedipum, viri Argivi mentione facta.' Her-mann. But o~e in Sophocles is not unfrequently used of something justsuggested rather than something present.] 6 irpoo-r4is, 'the suppliant,'a sense only found here, and in 1278. It means a suppliant at analtar: one who stands before the God.

1. 1172. ' Whom I am likely to find fault with.' Cp. Thuc. 3. 84r6aa .. pdraeav, ib. 7. 7r o'aa .. dvayc'otro ?Oe',yyErOae, Aesch. Pr. V.

291 oIC rw'Tt bpr pAELCova oipav I n'ipatcq' Ij o.1. 1174. Av8pav with 'Xkyso--r', cp. supr. 105 ,exOote Aarpev'cv r70o

bruprdroes Iporcv.

1. 1177. 'This voice hath come to be most hateful to his father,'=I have come to hate the sound of his voice. For )KEL cp. supr. 548.

1. 1179. Et is probably interrogative (='whether'), and is furtherexplained by i, e.T.A., both particles following on oa66wrL. For the

og

OEDIPUS COLONE US.

position of asCnre in this interpretation cp. Aesch. Eum. 652 7r& y&pr q Ev'yEty -70ro' bJrEp CE9 5pa, Ant. 41 Ei evp7rovi ' a .. /Cdn57t.

1. 118o. 'rol Geo0, obj. gen. with Irp6vo~, 'regard for the god.'1. 1181. Observe here, as supr. 237, the courage and tact of Antigone.

She does not advance any claim on the part of Polynices, but hints atthe concession which is due to Theseus, both on religious and personalgrounds, and on her own desire to see her brother.

1. 1182. r'dvy iv8p'.. r6v8~, 'this man,' i. e. Theseus.1. 1183. r^ O0E, K.-r.A., with reference to 118o.1. 1185. rapravGcpc-Er&L. The nom. is Polynices. An acc. of respect

must be supplied after the verb, to which & refers as an antecedent.rphs Pav .. yvILpqs go together. ' He will not carry thee away in spiteof thy judgment (in regard to anything) which,' etc.

1. 1186. Af'EcLL, fut. mid. for passive.1. 1187. ri oL . . jpqVVEraLC. Cp. Thuc. 2. 40 o roie h'yovr V o001

A'pyots P3&8XIf v 1'YO0drEVOI, xAA pv upo8taX0qvat IXAXov X6yc i'pdSrEpov) TT E & BEP -pyo X0 EI^V. 'r& KcXWGS G Piv' ~pya, 'plans well-devised.'

Cp. Tr. 1157 Ob 8' o /v dlrcovE o 'pyov. [Hermann read CaK Gs and soSchndwn. But the argument is not that evil plots are brought to lightby discussion, but that it is only fair (and may prove advantageous)to hear what a man has to say for his schemes.]

1. 1190. *KKLT-CL uvoo[3 o-rrATW v, if this emendation is right, shouldbe taken together. Others read ca/iCrcov v0aTE6 EL'ra7', b.

1. 1192. &X' aiu'r6v, supply BiXov. The sentence is broken-off, to beresumed in a different shape in 1201. 'Receive him as we wish.'The conjectures dXX' faaov, AXX' fa viv, are without authority and intro-duce an awkward synizesis, though it is true that the aposiopesis isalmost unique.

1. 1194. 'They have this nature (sc. T v Ovypw&' ical 6~iEav) charmedout of them by the voice of friends.' Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 362 iE'Epov-

SjreGq a60ivos.1. 1200. &p8 'PKrov, an instance of the proleptic use of the adjective.

The eyes are not dsEp/Cra till the action of ' TrT6 ievos is complete. Cp.supr. 1089 'rbv Evaypov x6Xov.

1. 1201. XLrapEZV, K.T.., 'it is not right that those who ask whatis just should make a long request,' i. e. should have to be importunate.

11. 1202, 3. I. e. you have been received as a suppliant and thereforeyou ought to be willing to receive others.

1 3.1203. o'iK 'irreacL. The obv/ seems due to the attraction of ob,(1201), and to a reference to the actual circumstances.

1.1204. () ' Your words prevail over me with a sweetness that ismingledwith dislike.' I. e. the pleading of Antigone is sweet to Oedipus, whilethe cause ip which she pleads is offensive to him. ~

8QvlyvV is cognate*

IIO

NOTES. LINES 1180 1225.

acc. with vKarTE. Or (2) 8ovi may be the pleasure which Antigonefeels in winning her request. 'You win a request which I grant withpain.' But (I) is better Greek.

1. 1206. XE5 o-rETcL. Sophocles uses this rare form twice, here and in Tr.

595. It is also found twice in Aeschylus, Pr. V. 852, and Suppl. 505.1. 1207. T s 't s ilvXs, 'my living person,'=me. Cp. Phil. 54, 5,

Ant. 1069.11. 1211-1248. Third Stasimon, Strophe. 'It is folly to desire length

of days, for they bring but sorrow; and there is no pleasure in them.There is one helper only when the joys of life have passed away.' Thethoughts are suggested by the renewed disturbance of the peace ofOedipus owing to the approach of Polynices.

1. 1211. rol rLETpoJ rrapedis. The acc. would be more regular. Butwe may supply the infinitive XpZWELV with the participle. rov- rMovosVi'povs is the larger portion as opposed to the less. Hence the article.Cp. infr. 1215 atl uaicpa da~4ipat, Aj. 473 TO0 patcpoG fliov, and note. Insupr. 36, r' wrrhiova, the article is different. Verrall's conjecture, irapbc,is very ingenious.

1. 1212. GELVw is added in explanation of 'roO rEovos IEpovs XPeL.vfuAco'-ov cp. II. 16. 30 X6Aov by abr qpv haaEts, O. T. 382 pO6vor qpvXdo--

aETat. iv gjo , cp. O. T. 677.1. 1215. Kr OEvro, 'lays down from its store;' icarOevro is a sub-

jective middle like rapExopatL. 'Length of days contributes much thatis akin to sorrow.' The aorist is 'gnomic.' Other renderings are:Herm., 'brings nearer to grief;' Elmsley, 'has much in store that isnearer grief.'

1. 1217. kiirov, sc. oTrl.11. 1219, 20. 3rav .. ,ro OE'Xovros. Hermann translates, ' si quis in

id, quod in cupiendo nimium est, incidit;' i. e. 'si quis modum incupiendo excedit.' But the sense required is rather, (I) 'when one (inliving) has passed the bound of desire;' i. e. ' when he has outlived thedesire of life,' or, possibly, (2) 'when he has found too much of thatwhich he desired.' w.iro implies falling into harm.1. 1220. *6 8' ir covpos, K.T.X. ' There is an ally to bring all to

an impartial close, Death who comes at last.' The article is partlya demonstrative pronoun, as in El. 60i 6 ' adXAo 'oew. [6 6E for o6bE' ofthe MSS., Herm.]

1. 1221. "A'I80s xotp', cp. 8avd'rov ipopa, Aesch. Pers. 917. avadr-qive, 'has revealed itself as from an ambush.' Alciphro, 3. 37 AXos

iaupvss AvaaivErat, Aesch. Cho. 327 avagaiv raT 6' 6 AalkrTrv.

11. 1225 foll. Antistrophe. ' Not to be born is best, next best to returnwith all speed whence we came. Life is but a change of misery, youthis foolish and the end is age, which is the sum of wretchedness.'

III

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.'

1. I225. r3v Qrca-vr vLK AXbyov, 'is best over all the computation.!Ao'yov is acc. of the sphere of conquest. Cp. Eur. Iph. Aul. 1249 h'avvr tEova dYvTa vLKtuW Xyov. idteL av- sc. adv t.L. Cp. Ant. 1025i rl 8' Ad/6p-p. For the meaning of @avt cp. supr. 974.

1. 1226. KEOEv i0SeV, by attraction for ic'ErE 60bEv. roX-6 must betakenwith 8S

6ErEpov, 'is next best by far.' As Ar&XLcrra with Af3vat.

1. 1230. ' When once youth is there with her vain follies:' the wordstake up Ws rhXLOrra. If any one has journeyed into life, it is betterfor him to return upon his steps in extreme infancy, before he learns

rb XalpE' ycai Tb XhvraOa, Aj. 555, and the follies which bringdistress.

1. 1231. 7('s rXC'7YXOi wrokXiox0os (co is generally translated, 'whattoil-worn man wanders from the way of toil?' supplying dv'p. But itis also possible to supply acduaos from the next clause, and translate,' what troublous woe avoids the life?' Cp. Ant. 613, 4. This preventsthe inversion of the subject dv)p .. icaiaros, which is necessary in theformer interpretation. Such an inversion is, however, not impossible,and i ow may be completed from the preceding words-with dry sug-gested by d&pooavar.

1. 1234. 46voL, K. .X. To these nominatives we must supply a verbEvreLaL firom 'vE.

11. 1235, 6. irrmLXXoyxe wrru'rov, 'hath gained by lot the last place ofall.' VrPCLvrov agrees with yipa, but is part of the predicate, as in7rpWTroT aXiv, etc. Contrast this view of old age with Macbeth, 5. 3' And that which should accompany old age ] As honour, love, obe-dience, troops of friends I I may not look to have.' And compare AsYou Like It, I. i 'unregarded age, in corners thrown.'

11. 1238 foll. Epode. ' Like a sea-beaten shore, this aged Oedipus isbeaten with storms from every side. From sunset and sunrise, by dayand by night.'

1. 1241. KXhovE-raL. The simile is given in the passive constructionand resumed in the active KXovo w-Lv : '8e being left as a 'pendent'nominative. Thus attention is' drawn not only to the wave-beatenshore, but to the waves which beat on it. Cp. supr. II50, Eur. Or.

591-11. 1245 foll. These lines are an extension of nav'r6O0v, which applies

to'Oedipus rather than the beach with which he is compared, and &e'

(vocoat.1. 1248. There is a doubt as to the meaning of P~LrTa. Some com-

pare El. io6 ra~~yE-YEr da"rpwov peLras, and translate, ' the twinklingfires of night.' Cp. also Aesch. Fr. 66 (N.). Hermann says, ' Deventis, quos noctu maxime auribus percipimus, intelligenda vox Anriia.'Cp. ''Tis sweet to listen, as the night-winds creep I From leaf to leaf'

TI z

NOTES. LINES 1225-1282. 1"3

(Byron). 'The night-winds come and go across the mneadow-grass'(Tennyson). [Schndw. and others think that the reference is to theRhipaean mountains. 'PLav 'por dvve'ov i6Xa, wVrd s EXaLv EX rv -'pvov

Alcman. Fr. 58. This would make 1247, I248= from the south, andthe north.]

11. I249-1446. Fourth Episodion. Polynices enters and attempts towin his father's blessing. He is sent away with bitter curses, which ensurehis destruction, and as he goes entreats the tender offices of his sisters.

1. 1250. &v8pwv yE pLovvos, w&'r&rep. (i) 'That man and no other.'These words are a parenthesis in which Antigone expresses her recog-nition of Polynices. She does not think it necessary to name him, whois present all the while in thought, 8v 7rcixa ICaTEiXOLEv yv&'Iuy, infra.Cp. supr. 319 oiiC iIorTv dAA7 7, 321 'ldr, r63' l ?r 8Hiov 'IolAvs aidpa.

(2) ' Without attendants,' and so harmless.1. 1251. USE takes up '68E in 1249.11. 1252, 3. Kae'EXXOLEV [ yvcp61, 'had in our minds.' Supr. 1171.

r&perT Seeipo O8E is a pleonastic expression, like aiOtr aS i7ritv, etc.1. 1255. 6p<^v is added in reference to r& 7rov08'.1. 1258. 'rjs. Notice the Homeric use of the article as a relative.

Supr. 35.1. 1260. LRaToo0'repet. The compound is passive here, not active asXhatoaroP s, supr. 313. Cp. supr. 747 13toa-rp7r.

1. 1261. w'o-EraL. Cp. the Homeric expression, Adpcqp N xatrat [poti- d aovrac, I1. 6. 509, Io.

1. 1263. aSeX4&. For the metaphorical sense cp. Ant. 192 a5AEXqa'rTvJ/e fpS'a 'Xco. The word copet shows that Oedipus carried awallet or scrip, like the Telephus of Euripides.

11. 1265, 6. ' I declare that thy condition proves me to be the basestof men. Ask not others of my guilt.' 'KELV is used in the same meta-phorical sense as in O. T. 1519 dXXa OeOLI^ 7r' E'XOmros iicw, cp. supr. 12,

1I77. The dative (,rpoatLs) gives the reason, cp. supr. 387.1. 1270. The meaning is, ' We cannot add to the evils of the past, so

great are they (cp. 1265, 6), but we may remedy them in part.' SoMacbeth tries to quiet his conscience by saying, 'Treason has done hisworst.'

1. 1271. Cp. supr. 318.1. 1273. d'rdrrLR4as, cp. supr. 51, O.T. 789. For & cp. infr. 1291.1. 1277. Bvcrpo'oo-L'rov= Xake roy 7rpocapPEpeatOa. Arpocriyopov has

a reciprocal sense, ' neither addressing another, nor allowing address.'1. 1278. 'TFIoV, see note on 1273.1. 1282. -

8V0-XEp&vavT', 4, K. r. X. The participles have a causativesense of 'awakening impatience or pity,' which is perhaps partly due to,the active Tr'ppavra immediately preceding. [Not 'giving offence,' but

OEDIPUS COLONE US.

'taking offence.' If Polynices stated what his purpose in coming was,his detailed account, either by stating something that pleased Oedipus,or that Polynices was vexed by what he thought a cruel reception orcondoling with Oedipus on his sufferings, would be likely to elicit someresponse. R. E.]

1. 1286. 'vOev, ' from whose altar.' The 'raising up' from a suppliantposition at an altar implied protection. Cp. supr. 264, 276.

1. 1289. povX"4oocLL. For this future cp. O. T. 1077 and note.1. 1290. KUvpEi, 'to be made good,' cp. Tr. 291 vvv aol r-p ts 11.pav)s'

ICVPEL.

1. 1295. 4)do o, ' by birth,' cp. Hdt. 7. 134 16'aEL 7Y7OVO'TEs EL.1. 1296. X6yc, here means 'in real argument,' not ' merely in words,'

as sometimes elsewhere. He did not prove his title.1. 1298. The connection is, ' I am inclined of myself to consider your

Erinys as the cause of this, and my opinion is confirmed by what I hearfrom prophets.'

1, 1300. 'acv' , 'in this way.1. I301. Doric Argos has to be distinguished from Pelasgic Argos

in Thessaly. After in , I.Tr.., we should expect that Polynices wouldgive some account of the prophecies which he heard, but he is carriedaway from the point to dwell on the magnificence of the Argivealliance. Having an army, he had /dvLrsrs as a matter of course.

1. 1303. 'Aw~as, 'Apis, ut Sicyonii teste Pausania 2. 5, 5, ferebant,rex fuerat Peloponnesi, a quo tota Peloponnesus nomen Apiae terraerecepit.' Hermann. Prof. G. Curtius connects the word with the Latin'aqua' (cp. i'rlros, 'equus,' rTcrw, 'coquo,' etc., and Zend dfem=' aquam'), =' beyond the sea.' Cp. MEeaara, Apidanus.

1. 1304. Kat rEL' V'raL 86

pEL, 'and are honoured most in war.' Thesuperlative notion is continued from lrpAiroL.

1. 1305. r3V i~ rrbXoyXv .. orA6Xov. ' The famous expedition of the

Seven'-the article is used by an anachronism.1. 1306. rvaviKWs. (I) 'Worthily.' There is no reference to the justice

of his cause, but to what is due from him as a prince, and rightful pos-sessor of the throne. Cp. Aj. 479, 80 dXa' ) JaX.;r C)v, ' icaXwi TG 7Y?)-

iva I rU'V EV'7EVi Xypl. Or, perhaps, (2) 'by a final sentence.'1. 131o. jPavro, ' for myself.' Cp. Tr. 42 &8,vas albroS.1. I311. The spear of the leader would be, as it were, the ensign of

the battalion.1. 1314. oTLwviv 68ots, ' in the ways of birds,' i. e. in augury.11. 1318, 19. KaTQ-TOka L is dat. of the manner, ,rvpL of the instrument.1. 1320. 6'pvvra, ' rushes on,' cp. Aesch. S. c. T. 545 chnbv 5' 8oucEVr ob

arl XE'CrGEV aafXl V.

1. 132I, 'Called after the manner of his birth from his mother who

114

NOTES. LINES I286-T371. I5

was long a virgin (Xp6vcp with wrpo0ev).' The genitive is governed bywirdvupos, to which XoXEvOeLs is added in further explanation = r70

hoXEvev vat ar' aTrTjs.

11. 1323, 4. 6s-i. e. ~3s cv-' as being your son.' rtol KKot I r6 -

Lpou cvuTEvOEs, ' child of evil destiny,' cp. O. T. Io8o Ey& 8' W EavrvY rraFiarjjI 72f7x '~twv.

1. 1326. &vr, K.,r.X., 'by these thy children and thy life,' i. e. as youlove them. Cp. El. 537 &vr' d5eXpov. This use of &vTLi is uncommon.

1. 1328. IÎvv., e'LKa0leV, 'to yield in your wrath.' The acc. is almostcognate, or rather in apposition to the cognate idea. Cp. supr. I204IapEdav ?)ovv v7Lca 4 e.

1. 1330. a&rroo vav usually takes the accusative, and the use of thegenitive here may be in part due to kCifWE.

1. 1331. ~K XPo-,r-qpcov, sc. diropavov, 'issuing from oracles.' wporO g,'join yourself.' Cp. Thue. 8. 48 'A0rvaotT 7rpoaE'ivov, sc. rAvy Bao'cda.

1. 1333. Kpq V$V.. 6 oyvLCOV, 'the wells of which our fathers drank.'Cp. Ant. 844 i6 Apxiakt icp7jvaL.

1. 1337. For iE'hgaq4 6'TEs we find a variant i'e$El7X

6TEr. But, as

Hermann points out, it is not the fate which has been allotted to themby heaven which is in question, but the fate which has been dealt out tothem by their kindred.

1. 1340. 'r'l. f .- 4P~v, ' my purpose,' cp. Ant. o 1015 7j-nI E i/c 4ppEvrT,

ib. o063 h PiA) ',aroAMowv feOt 7Vv i/.4iv qp&a.1. 1341. 6'yKos has much the same significance as the Latin 'moles.'

Jn tragedy it is used in two senses, (i) ' trouble,' 'difficulty,' (2) 'pride.'1. 1351. 6jx44s., There is a religious association clinging to this

word, cp. supr. 102 arCT' 0,p&s" ar 'Ar6XXvwvor, 550 Kia' 6ppv a v.1. I352. & L0eiS, 'deemed worthy of a reply.'1. 1353. ,roO8'= of him whom you see before you.'1. 1356. ,rv ad6rOs CrTOO. For the emphatic juxtaposition of the

words cp. supr. 442 o0 70o Tarpb 70 larpi. For abTo cp. supr. 930.

1. 1357. opE^v is governed by the notion of causation in WO~KCLS.1. 1359. K aKGv, genitive of definition with 7r6ve., cp. supr. 1029, and

the Homeric ri/ta icaico'o.1. 1361. ifO'Twp &v gw, 'whatever be my life.' Cp. Od. 17. 586 ot,'

ppQJov 6 $Jvo1 6trat, brwEp av e'7. Oedipus alludes to Polynices'

mention of his -rpopai. Some take Ws for cws= =' as long as,' which isdoubtful, and gives an inferior sense.

1. 1363. ie C'IOE, =-r rb aor .

1. 1366. 7'iv='ro, av. j is the first person singular, as in 768, 973.r6 a6v RiEpos, ' for your part.'

1. 1371. &s a lrTiK'. ol ri rwc is opposed to us a6rilca, 'not yet, aslie soon will, if once,' etc. In ot e Oedipus speaks as if he saw the

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

battalions. The march of Polynices to Thebes is the act which is tobring down the curse upon him.

1. 1372. ob ydp,.K.T.X. 'The town I say. For there is one who shallnever call Thebes his city.' Polynices is to die TroAX s. The correction3pe/l1er is unnecessary. For the emphatic ' rXAv cp. Eur. I. A. 952SXi hovr i'ra IdXa , b'ptoa paplipwv. TLS is frequently used in

threats, e. g. Aj. 1138 0roO' els aviaV T 0 Tor 'pxEral eTvI.

1. 1375. rp6o'e. See Appendix on the legend of Oedipus.1. 1378. KaC pi 'acLTLL& rqTov, K.r.X., 'and may not think it a light

matter that ye have been such sons of a blind father.' rv4XoG, K.r.X., iscondensed for TvpXo, 7Tarps pV'nreS yeviaOrv roCBSE tr T@V q4X@ lrarpi.

1. 1381. Kp.TOrOcTL, sc. the curses, which the conduct of the sons hasrendered sovereign over the supplication of Polynices and his right tothe throne. C~'Ie, K.T.X. is I IA'acGOV.

11. 1381, 2. Cp. Dem. 772. 25 7iv drapai lrTov xal a u (CgIUv Alincv, ?v

0 'ai dy Ta caS TEXEa \yES iaTasLar 'OpEbs rap Ty 70TO^ Als Op'vo'

PqIq aO/p4ivJYVv 7ra',ra Ta T7W^ &vOpnrcov ipopv. For 'LrEp almost =' as

surely as,' cp. Ant. 304 dAX' EYIEp V 'aX ZEV', K.T.X.1. 1385. KCako14tL, ' invoke' with all my heart. yiis l4vXMov, 'the

land of thy kin.' Cp. 0. T. 14o6 aC/S' f 'Atov.1. 1387. ro KO^Xov "Apyos, cp. supr. 378. orvyyevet XepL, K.'r.X., i. e.

die by the hand of the brother who has banished you, and slay him tooalthough your brother. vye~v~r'XEp i is to be taken, in a slightly differentsense, with OavEti and tcTave-Y.

1. 1390. wa/rp Cov, (i) ' assigned thee by a father.' The Hell which afather's curse entails is regarded as specially horrible. Cp. Lear, I. I'Dowered with our curse.' (2) ' Where my father is.' &otLKi'crl, 're-move thee hence to its land.'

1. 139 1. T&crTE 8~lovas, sc. T 'Epw v'a. "Apyi, cp. 0. T. 19o.. 1394. KcL -acROL KaSBEloLrL. ' Kai in hoc versu non putandum est

sequenti: T respondere; non enim ical .. T dicitur, ut Te .. cal : sed estvel omnibus Cadmeis.' Hermann: who goes on to remark that when TE

does follow Kat it is by a rhetorical figure, 'qua incepta partitio nonperficitur, sed altera pars leviter adnectitur.'

1. 1397. 7ats ,rrapeXOooaGs 68os, 'by reason of your journey toArgos and hither.' Cp. supr. 1265. For th dative of cause cp. Tr.I127 ob 57ra TroFT ye Tp6a0Ev ?.laprypoty'oL (syaiv 7IpriE).

1. 14oo00. The accusative -r'Xos is in apposition with the action of the verb.'With what an ending to our enterprise have we set forth from Argos !'

1. 1402. rTOLO0TOV, otov, K.T.X., is added in further explanation of olovin 1400. [*rTLL Tyrwhitt, r va MSS. 'Possibly, "such that I may noteven summon any of my comrades or bid them return home." Thecurse was so terrible that Polynices would shrink either from summon-

I16

NVOTES, LINES I372-I435. "17

ing his allies to march to Thebes, or, on the other hand, disbandingthem: he could not mention it in any way, either as a reason for instantmarch or as deterring the march altogether.' R. E.]

1. 1403. c&roarpE'Jar 1rXdkw, sc. ToB arp&revya. The construction with6 ov is no longer kept in view.

1. 1404. From o84 f'ecrL it is necessary to supply a word like Xp ,on which 6VTa dvav8ov, K4..., depends. Cp. O. T. 8r7-1i9.

1. I405. Tro8' is Oedipus. 6E when used for the first personal pro-noun in Sophocles does not stand alone. 15paLOL, sc. AJpo.

i. 1406. [ Fro08'. Perhaps 7aira should be read; it is needed with rdcckpd, and 70T08 recurs three times in three lines.]

1. 1407. *e4v. The a in this word is long. Cp. Arist. Vesp. 228.[*a(ph 'y' Edv Elmsley, gir;pv 8' 'v L.]

1. 141o. From 04ooee some verbal notion is to be obtained for K&vKTEpGrLa(T O-Lv, = honour me with.'

1. 1412. Troi8' vSp6s is genitive of origin with KO AE'TOV, 'obtainfrom this man.' ots, = -ToiTos . aTiabC is to be resumed from o70V'

1. 1413. 'rs I~is t.rovpylas, gen. of cause. The meaning is-thepraise which you earn by your services to Oedipus will be doubled byreason of your services to me.

1. 1414. The line has an Euripidean rhythm. Cp. Eur. Bacch. 954.1. 1416. . orpi~a' is Ist aor. imper. middle; 'turn thine army.' ye

gives additional earnestness to the entreaty.

1 1418. av'ts, 'a second time.' rhiXLv, ' on the way back to Thebes.'1. 149. See above, note on 70, for the omission of dv, which, how-

ever, is sometimes read for a supr.

1. 1423. roO KWaLyVi-TOU Trdpa. rapd with the gen. is an unusualconstruction to denote the agent in classical Greek, though quitecommon at a later period. The mockery is more bitter because of thepersonfrom whom it comes.

1. 1424. Es 6p0'v K C'pL, ' proceed to their fixed end.' For the ab-solute use of icpeli cp. Tr. 824 rdr'TE rEXEdrLvo.r ecppot .. aporor.

1. 1425. 4 &4Lov, 'by each other.'

1. 1426. ' He speaks his wish.'

1. 1429. o8'. The 5d is adversative, Polynices arguing against thesuggestion of Antigone. ' But we will not tell.'

1. 1433. fZoraL j~Xovo-a, 'shall be my care.' 8crmor6s .cE, K.'r,X.,is added in explanation of the predicate, ' inasmuch as it is made ill-starred,' etc.

1. 1435. Eo080oq, supply rv i'ov. ' May Zeus make the way of lifeprosperous for you (though not for me) I' Cp. Hdt. 6. 73 bs 7TW KA o-'IEvei' E~bcbOs-1 -r iESrTv Alt/Apr7TOV rpT7ijyT a.

'OEDIPUS COLONE US,

1. 146, Obv6OVT may be for Oav'va, an accusative to the verbalnotion in rEXetZiE I pot,= =c4pEXcIe. For such a change of constructioncp. El. 479 vi7Tr-l poi Opdc o 38svrnvo'v KhXooav apwrics V 'epLreTov,Aesch. Pe'rs. 913, 914, Cho. 410. These, however, are all lyrical pas-sages; and t of the dative is certainly omitted in Aesch. Pers. 850 ratFa'i NE. A similar elision is probably to be admitted here, and in El. 456

yvr' 7rincrqivat ro8b, Tr. 675 apTyir' o Ik .. 6ic,. After ZEETov someword like Vbrovpy-'EL must be supplied.

1. I437. fEcr0E. The sisters have been clinging to Polynices.1. 1443. e rovu -raepOQ. For the subj. cp. supr. 509 ob ' El 2rovY. TIT,

O. T. 874.1. 1444. For O1vaG ep. Aj. 646, 7 iravO' 6 .. Xpvos I JpE 7r' f8qXha.

tcrjov (dat.) goes with AplLtc, but apas must be understood with &vrio-Lat.1. 1446. wrroc is masc. ' For all may see that ye are,' etc. It would

be difficult to find elsewhere a more striking contrast than that betweenthis scene and the chorus which precedes it. There Oedipus is spoken ofas exposed to every evil-the sport of every wind-here his solemncurse has destroyed the hopes of a great army, and doomed his sons to:certain death. The language of Oedipus is that of one who is avengingthe breach of the first duty of humanity; the despair of Polynices isthe despair of guilt which knows no refuge but death.11 1447-1499. Commatic Chorus. While the Chorus are reflecting

on the scene which they have just witnessed, a sound of thunder isheard, which Oedipus recognises as the appointed sign.- The thundercontinues to the great alarm of the Chorus; Theseus is summoned in allhaste. Strophe a'. ' Here are new troubles, proceeding from the stranger,unless it be fate which is at work. . Time sees all things, and bringsprosperity and misfortune. Hark! the thunder.'

1. 1447. V60v, ' from a strange source,' i. e. the mysterious OedipusCp. Ant. 1266 v, ebiv Ippyv.1. 1450. 'Unless it be Fate who is now attaining some end.' 1KyX&VEL

is used absolutely, FL forming a kind of cognate ace. which helps theabsolute use of the word by making it indefinite. This is frequent inhypothetical sentences. [' Unless maybe fate is overtaking him,' R. E.]

1. 1454. (I) 'Time is ever watching, watching these things; since at onetime he brings evil, and again, on the day following, lifts up to pros-perity;' i. e. Time ensures the performance of the Divine will which isat one time attended with evil to mankind and at another with good.So the words may be construed, kTEpM,= iacd, being due to the feelingwhich avoids express mention of misfortune (euphemism). Or (2), ' Atone (past) time, lifting some things on high, and other things again theday after.' But the text is almost certainly corrupt, and the corruptionlies in the word inrr, which .seems to occupy the place of a participle

118

NOTES. LINES 1436-1488. 119

(a plrs?) opposite in meaning to aCugcov. Cp. Eur. Tro. 608 6pfi & raivOewv, wS T AV 7TV pyweT' acvc I rb l7Uv OVTa, vT &' Bo1JuT' ad7rulXECav.

1. 1458. Beipo. . rr6 pot, 'bring this way.' This use of 6d pot is nearthe Homeric, 11. 6. 228 KrTEivELy Vy ICe OEos E 7Trpp.

1. 1459. TUrdEiMi, 'the intention.'1. 146r. r lja0', 'send some one,' not ' send for him.'11. 1462 foll. Antistrophe a'. 'Again the crash. I am filled with

,alarm. What will the end be? The bolts are never hurled in vain.'LBE x&ha. The word liAha emphasizes the repetition, as frequently else-where. Cp. Hdt. 1. 181 iat 'e'rpor pdha fivr TroVTc.

1. 1464. d4aros,' unatterable,' implying that it stuns or deprives ofthe power of speech, cp. O. T. 1314 vi'po .. bArtrX6o1Evov a4darov. 'KpaC

4f6pav is either the 'tips of my hair,' or the ' hair which crowns my head ;'but the sense is adverbial, 'even to my hair.'

1. 1466. 'rlCTfra. The aorist is used to express the action as past,inasmuch as only a past action can be the subject of reflection; cp.Aj. 693 #pe' EWTLW tpT LXpapI 8' d've7rrdhJav, Aesch. Cho. 423 Eico 1aicoplArv Aptov. *obpavo, 'from heaven.'

11. 1469, 70. o y&p. . vp4opas, 'it never comes without some issueof calamity.'

1. I473. &oorpof4i, 'possibility of avoidance.'1. 1474. r roOro crvjf 3opaXdv 'Xet S; 'whereby have you conjec-

tured this?'11. 1477 foll. Strophe /'. ' Again the thunder ! O spirit, be merciful, if

thou hast any dark issue in store. Let me not share in the misery ofany wicked man with whom I have been.' a&LLC1-T7at, ' surrounds.'

1. 1479. L8o6, 'mark,' cp. Aj. 870 o130, o07rov a6 Ov'uco rtv&. WithdLO'raTa L cp. Od. I. 352 ij'rtL CiovYVre( VEWTrdrI dtppi~LnE'Ahrat, andPhil. 1263 i a@ 7rap' aVrpots OdpvPfos iraTraca o-1s;

1. 1480. VLecos, sc. yevro.1. 1481. A&eyyis, 'with dark intent.'1. 1484. If varLoov is masc. the meaning is, 'May I meet with a

righteous man, and not suffer with evil company !' Cp. Aesch. S. c. T.599 Iv ravrt ipd ye 8 ' O'" tliarl a# s j I lcov o4,iv, and the Horatiansentiment, ' Vetabo qui Cereris sacrum,', etc. Or it may be neuter,' May I in company with others (abv) find a righteous lot!' Othersread 4vatatl, 'May I share the fate of,' etc.

1. 485. KEPS"I XdpLv LErdXOLopC t was, ' share in some way a fruit-less recompence.'

1i 1488. ' And wherefore would you desire the sane (reliable) con-dition to remain firm in your mind?' Others interpret, 'And what isthe sacred secret which you desire should be implanted in his (The-seus') mind?'

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

1. 1490. Urvyx&vv, 'when I gained my request,'= 'rs E''r avov vI/ovXdppv.

11. 1491 foll. Antistrophe B'. 'Ho ! my son, come on thy way (fromAthens), or if thou chancest to be consecrating to Poseidon, god of thesea, the altar of sacrifice with hollow surface that crowns the height,come hither !' wrLylakos refers to the hollow in the upper surface ofthe altar, which received the victim's blood. aKcpac indicates the posi-tion of the altar on the top of Colonus. The ellipse after 3&OL (ET' IC

6 7TOXs, or the like) could be supplied by gesture.

1. 1496. 0-e is accusative after X&ptLv irapa-XEtV, but the case is inpart determined by Trairo. The construction of words 7rpb' r' oq luat-vdojvov is common in Sophocles; cp. supr. I13. ra0Wv, = a&YT tdEIvoWa c'raO,.

1. 1500. KOWL6S = S Vu' 7 Ka Of018roo , Schol.11. s5oo-I555. Fifth Episodion. Theseus appears in answer to the

call. Oedipus instructs him as to the meaning of the fatal sign, and themystery connected with his own tomb, to which he leads him.

1. 1 501. 4 pavis may be used etymologically: in the outcry could bedistinguished the voice of Oedipus.

1. 1502. 1r TLS ALs KEpvO6s; These words are added as if ris ini500 were = ris aTia Erri Tro) eXrOa0at iCrdVov;

1. 1503. Eo0. The Greeks referred the changes of weather in a vaguemanner to divine agency. For riv'ra=' anything and everything' cp.supr. 761.

1. 15o6. 'Has brought thee hither for a happy end.' O6ce is doubtfulon account of the omission of the augment. Perhaps hiE, or r7ias' '0r1ce.1. I5o8. Porq Plou jxot. The dative depends on the verbal notion in

jon7T, ' it is my life which is verging to the grave.'1. 1510. KEZG-aL, 'art thou resting?' i. e. relying. Eur. I. A. 1343 ~V

a13P6'Ty- icEaat.

1. 1512. Cp. supr. 94, 5 o-a ^ ' ' qELV rc&5V poL raprlyya 1 auet-rl6v, A i fpovnv Lv', ' AL3s ahAar. a1~dL4r'oXv 1rPOKEtGLVWV, 'of the

appointed signs ;' the omission of the article is poetical.1. 1514. at ;roXXd ppovra, sc. 8r4XoVdirv rdaB. roXX0 must be regarded

as an adverb attached to the substantive ppov'raL. Cp. Phil. 151 bra a'pidAt ra icatpL, Tr. 338 7T 'v' diEr'TLT7arv.

1. i5. *rp&t4avra. This word does not occur elsewhere in classicalGreek. It must be taken in construction with the genitive, 'flashingfrom the hand.'

1. 1519. KEL'C(eTGL, 'shall remain in store.' Cp. O. T. 232 X XLPt7rponrEaieTrat.

1. 1525. y ELovW^v, 'neighbouring.' Others read y ELT6rvv, the gen. pl.depending on Sop

6s.

I20


1. 1526. ~rj84E, cp. infr. 1641 piO' 0 h' Oipuer X~'Etyv StlaoGv. & /gt,- 'whose nature forbids.' For svt'V cp. supr. 624 TiV71 T' ifr.

1. 1530. oa-~, ' remember them and keep them safe from others.'Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 524, 5 7rdVE y7 eCbcov yc' I 8aWIO;s dELCEL a ala

1. 1531. 7rY rpocepr&rc, 'the foremost man,' i. e. ' the successor.'The word is general and applies equally to elected magistrates, such asthe dkpxwv BacrAt~s, and to the heirs of royal blood.

1. 1532. &E. Not only the immediate successor, but each in turn.1, 1534. r' &vSp~ v. The preposition &wr6 is used instead of br6,

owing to the privative notion in d8jov. The enemies would be kept off,as well as their ravages.

1. 1535, K&V el' TLS o OiKt. These words are probably to be regardedas supplying the object to Ka06ptLo-av, 'a city, no matter where, maylightly insult even one who dwells circumspectly.' Others take Ka0 -Ppto-WV as = 4ev'36ptav. Hermann, ' pleraeque civitates, etiam si quis easbene regat, proclives sunt ad temeritatem.'

11. 1536 foll. These lines have reference to Thebes, which city willinvade Attica to her own harm, owing to the impious conduct of thebrothers, such &'r being the divinely sent punishment for the previous 'ari.

1. 1539. ' In such matters we are teaching one who knows.'1. 1541. *tcrrpe'Lpe0Oa. ' Let us not turn back.' The word /v-

rpe7rlcbEOa, which is found in the MSS., can hardly be maintained. Itwould mean 'regard the thunder,' or 'pay regard to one another;' orgenerally, 'to anything but the act before us.' It is possible that ,783'r ' TrpE rcAUOa may be the true reading, 'let us no longer turn out of the

way.' [r.n8' y' EvrpElrcn'uc a, 'ay I and let us pause not to consider,' R.E.]

1. 1543. &airwp rca' rrarpt, sc. 'appeared as guides.' The wordKaLv6s is not to be repeated.

1. 1548. A ,re vep'rpM 0E6s, = Persephone.

1. 1549. With this address to the sunlight cp. O. T. 1183 & pi,reXtcvra6v ac rpoop8iaL/mt vv, Aj. 856 foll., Ant. 808. Oedipus refersin a kind of dim memory to the past; cp. Helen's expression in II. 3;i80 8a o p av'" IEt/s eA'/E ICVVrrTrL0So, Cl rT' Zrl7 yE.

1. 1551. rv rEXvUTCaLov piov. The words are applicable to Oedipus,who passes into another life, without being seen to die; and so ' hideshis hereafter in the Unseen.' The continuation of conscious existence inthe other world is assumed by Sophocles. Cp. Ant. 897 foll.

1. 1554. K Wr' erpagl1, 'take occasion from your good fortune toremember me.' Cp. Od. 13- 44-46.

11. 1556-1578. Fourth Stasimon. A prayer to the powers of theunderworld that they may grant an easy passage to Oedipus.

1. 1556. r&av A&avl 0e6v, =Persephoae.

S12I

OEDIP US COLONEUS,

1. 1561. *,rvrrvy p'r7' 'k papvaXe~. For the omission of the firstZrSTE cp. Aesch. Ag. 532, 3 l cpts yCip, obT'E rV'TEvrX,?rS 7As ] EvXETa"bo Lp~-ia 700 icdOovs r7TXov. papuLaXE' is perhaps for /BapvrXE. The

Chorus had seen and heard enough to make them dread some con-fusion of the elements at the death of Oedipus. Cp. infr. 1658 foll.papvXiEXe however, though a "7rat XEy

6~pevov, would answer well enough

to ol aorvacro (infr. 1663), and the metre is in favour of a short vowel.For the long syllable in the former case cp. Phil. 218.

1. 1562. KCT VUcaL, ' make his way to,' with IrX&KL.11. 1565 foll., i. e. iroXX& I' v m'Y .lypaTa toiray bcIoi"ro, 't/Or N I&'

aJot ae iloBalwv 8'ator i. The Chorus echo Ismene's words, supr.

394 V V 7'P Byoi a' pOo9ir, rplo'G 8' 4XXvrav. p'rav is 'withoutresult' or 'without cause.' Much the same ambiguity attends the useof the word in Aesch. Eum. 144 i roXAd 8) ireoioa a prav y5&.aiLvovtjivwv has the sense of the imperfect, 'have been coming.'

1. I568, & XO6

vLa~ OEat. The Erinnyes are probably meant, thoughthe XOO'vat 0eal' as a rule are Demeter and Proserpine. Cp. supr. 40.o -jL.. O p

6s, ' and thou huge unconquered beast.'

1. 1569. 8v (raat is repeated in X6yos *4oraL~v &LVXL: 'of whom theysay that thou hast thy lair in the polished gateway, and thou art everrumoured to be snarling from thy den, a watcher unsubdued at thethreshold of Hades,'

1. 157o.-0 twoXvo-roLs is not much in point, for the magnificence of thedwelling of Hades is not in question. Hence woXv$ivotr has been pro-posed, which is good in sense, Aesch. Supp. 157 -r'v 7roX.eV Tarov Zi'va

iV rv KEKCYl6CrWv, and is more regular in metre.1. 1573. X6yos &veXEL seems to be a variation on AX'yor EXcL (Hdt. 7.

26 T~V br ' 0pvcjv Adyor 'Xa t lr 'ArnAXcwos. . i'vaicp AaO Va). Foravi~X~tv in Soph. see 0. T. 174, note.

1. 1574. 1 y&s irat Kai' TapT&pov. In all probability Death is meant.The number of gods specially invoked in the choruses of Sophocles isremarkable, and stands in sharp contrast to the often vague use of OEdand 8aitcov in the senarii.

1. 1575. av iaapc p qva. An oxymoron, cp. Aj. 640 bCTUr 6pLtXEi, andpote ;' to come in a clear space for the stranger,' i. e. to retire before him.

11. 1579 to the end. Exodus. The Passing of Oedipus. (I) Angccount is given by a messenger of the final scene so far 'as it waswitnessed. (2) Antigone and Ismene are brought on the stage lament-ing, and Theseus comforting them.

1. 1579. UVTOJIT&TWFCOs. This word contains the predicate, ' I shouldbest succeed in brevity by speaking of Oedipus as dead.' This forma-tion of the adverb from the superlative is uncommon.

1, 1580. X Las.. AoXA6'ra, Cp. O. T. 465 ElIE ., reX'E'avra,

E22.

NOTES, LINES 1561-1604.

1 1581. After & 8' ,jv 'rd rpaX0EvT' we should expect oC'b tpaXiwos4ppoatL radpEarIv, but this is expanded in 6 IOos.. rTpETartv, and theword y80os suggests the contrast between the narrative and the reality;hence -'pya, & ' iv Tad 7rpaxOBira .. rapy' ba' ~v. The opposition ismore formal than real.

1. 1582. With rdpy supply fpax&a.1. 1584. rv dEd. The most probable interpretation of these words is

that which separates them from florov and supplies Xpdvov, so that theexpression is= r Tv d~El Xp

6Yov, cp. infr. 1701 @ vby d&i caTr& 7 Yes

aOn6rov GtyEvo, El. 1075, Tr. 80. ["' The life of day by day," EustathiusZoqocmids (cogyz dvOpc' rov 7v &Ei 81,orov,' R. E.]

1. 1582. '41X1, sc. iLorovY XoL7TrE;

1. 1586. Kc&ro0aviJcOaL : Ical belongs to the whole sentence, and callsattention to, the manner of the death of Oedipus. Cp. Plat. Phaedr,227 C abrT Si) roTro al rtEICOIAvrat.

1. 1588. 'qiYt1pos, sc. 'yvros.1. 1590. -r v KUTapp&KITlv 686v, ' the precipitous threshold, rooted in

earth with foundations of brass.' What is meant is probably a slab ofthe native rock making a steep edge to the N.E. slope of Colonus, andperhaps cloven as for entrance to the Unseen. Compared with supr.57 these words imply a change of scene. See Introd. Anal. end. TheXa/ca c40Bpa (cp. supr. 57 XaXh/drov), are not a literal staircase, butrecall the airpEai rTce 7TlaL al xaX 'or obv6's of Homer. Cp. also Hes.Theog. 811-13 yevOdaE paptpipEa rE rv'Xat lsa xa nXos ov

3s 1 dir erY7s,

l7poL 8tnVEICECoLV pypc'r, I abToqvrS.

1. 1593. Kp a1p0os. Probably a stone bowl is meant, placed at the,entrance to one of the cavities in the rock,

1. 1596. 'Midway from which and the Thorician stone, and thehollow pear-tree, and the stone-built tomb, he took his station, and satdown.' Four points are mentioned in order to mark the place exactly.The Thorician stone may have been 'an early votive-offering consistingof a piece of ore (Thoricos was near Laurium), or possibly a merefetish-stone. The tomb may have been the burial-place of some for-gotten hero, or an empty sarcophagus forming part of the symbolismof the shrine. (Cp. p. 132.) For &' oji 1po-os orr&s cp. Alciph. Frag.3 (M.) Era , ydp ifrr'ca rigre 'Aqppo1r4 Kra ioS.'Epcror.

1. 16oo. 'rrpocr'Qjov, ' full in view.' See Introd. Anal. p. 61.1. 1602. Cro Xp

6vCY. For the preposition cp. infr. 1653, 1663 abv

vdaotIs daEL yw, O. T. 17 atit yhpa IPapeCs, and note.1. 1603. " voL(EcraL, 'as it (or 'with which') is customary,' i.e. in

prospect of death. Cp. Eur. Alc. 158 foll. where the a7a orord/Ataanswer to the Avr& VT'ara of supr. 1598, 9.

. 16o04. 8pwv-ros. An instance of the abstract use of the active

123

OEDIPUS COLONE US.

participle: cp. supr. 1220 ro 70 EOXoror. ' When he was satisfied withall his commands being in operation.' The expression is proleptic.

1. 16o6. Ztes X06vLos, cp. Il. 9. 457 ZE t r ICavaX(OOvor al bEral;vi-lepacq6veLa. Hades is meant, to whom underground noises are attri-

buted, as thunder is to Zeus.1. 16o8. ou0' &vEc yav, ' and ceased not from.' This is better than to

translate, 'but they did not indulge in' (in which advcvat would goprimarily with ydove, not with dpay/odvs). The scene is merely reported,not acted, and even in action it would not have struck an impulsiveGreek as unbecoming. This accords with 161o.

1. 1611. ' Folding his arms about them,' cp. El. 1226.1. 1614. irpo(b'v is here active in meaning,= 'nursing.' Cp. El.

1143-5 o L0OL TrXhaLva 7 4 g -s rdXhat Trpoqgs I &vacpEhrTov, TYv iydo 0&/t'

diAq ao I T vr y VETre wapaxov, Ant. 918, Eur. Tro. 1187.1. 16r6. XAEL, ' compensates,' 'c acels.'1. 1622. 6p6 peL po3i. The language is Homeric. 1. 18. 497, 8 ivOa

8E vLeICOr I c'p'pet.1. 1624. 0Ci~jEv. Notice the omission of the augment with a conso-

nant immediately preceding, so that there is no possibility of elision.Cp. O. T. 1249 and note.

1. 1625. With 46oc 8 re'-avrLas cp. Tr. 175, 6 lir&is v E' I (~ r dP ..

rapoiaav, For this active mode of expression see O. T. 914 a'petOv,.dov.

1. 626. roXX& rroXhaXq. Cp. Hamlet, 1. 5 Hic et ubique? [' Manytimes in many manners." Perhaps sometimes by name alone, sometimesovror, sometimes reproaching him with delay,' R. E.]

11. 1627 foil. Cp. Eur. Ale. 253 Xd pwv isr xaXe" 7iL /XAEXL; in7eyov,ab icaTeip-yE' TOE.

1. 163o. iyqs avrcasK, observe the omission of the article.1. 1632. rr(o'rLv Apx Lav, 'time-honoured pledge;' perhaps no more is

meant than the right hand, which has at all times been a pledge.Hermann, quoting Aesch. Ag. 579, explains 'quae firma maneat, olimantiqua 'futura.'

1. 1633. 4O ets re, rrfat8ts, ri8 . These words are 6L& piov, and donot affect the remainder of the speech, which is addressed to Theseus only.

1. 1634. Cp. infr. 1773.1. 1635. RT'XX s , se. rTEXV.

1: 1636. oc rov, ' without any weak expression of grief.' Aesch. S. c.T. 52 OicbTOy 8' oGLYvLr 6d ? 31 rdTopCa.

1. 1640. 'rAaors ,r yevvaiov dpevi, ' with a noble fortitude of mind.'The accusative rb yevvat'ov is equivalent to an adverb in meaning, andat the same time completes grammatically the construction of rhTXca.

- 1. 1642. ILYI98 LtVOVVTOV KXUELV, i.e. #7/U cJwOV'TCOV (j'VAWV) KAtV'EV,

S24.


a !sh BlpLr rTiv (bIas) ictASEt. For jil cp. Ant. 546, 7 9r38' ' up '0tycs Irotov aavTrfs, O. T. 289, supr. 1526.

1. 1 6 KipLos= ' who has the right.' Aj. 734.1. 1646. &OraKTL. The t is long here; in supr. 1251 it is short. The

word is = diaaKd XAEdoYEr 8icpva.1. 1648. Oapa4)'VrES, 'turning towards the spot.' cardso(80ev, 'we

saw as from a distance.'1. 1649. 'rov dv8pa. The sentence is an anacoluthon. The confusion

of grammar indicates the crowding of impressions in the mind of themessenger. He bethinks himself to explain that the man he saw wasno longer Oedipus, who had suddenly vanished.

1. 165o. a',rov, ' alone.'1. 1653. aLL6v, ' in a little time,' cp. Tr. 335; so of place in Phil. 20

far3

V... E&EpOeY.1. 1655. Olympus in Sophocles has almost lost the association of

place, and become an unseen heaven. For eEov cp. Ant. 607 Oc^&v i.LjESand note.

1. I661. ' rO vepr'pov, K.T.X. Literally, 'or the painless region underearth, where the dead are, opening kindly.' &iXVryrov is to be taken in-transitively, as an attribute; cp. supr. 955 Oavv-rwv ovbav i .yos 7rrraT.For P&0pov y is cp. 'Among the hidden bases of the world,' Tennyson.

1. 1663. -rEvaKTO'S = 'an object of lamentation.' acrv v60-ots &XyeLv6s,'painfully in disease.' dX'Eyrv6 here seems to be at once feeling andgiving pain.

1. 1666. o'K &V rapeClFqv, ' I would not care to gain the consent of.',Cp. Plat. Legg. 5. 742 B irap'EVYor TobS'p ovrar, and Aj. Io39ICELVO3' T EICEt1 GTEP'TW VIyC T '3 C.

1. 1667. Xoti Irp. 4., sc. r'V Oiirovv. I. e. Theseus and his attendants.1. I668. Take y6Cov 40)6yyoL together, and notice the repetition in

o6CK &crijLOVS . . OcrqLVOIvorL. The verb (aalvovovat) has the same con-struction as &yy X'AkL and the like.

1. 1671. ob 'ro I.v, dXXo 8 ., i.e. 'in every point,' adv. ace. withArEL rTEVaI ELV. Cp. Aesch. Pers. 802 rav/al'VEL ydp o 7rd pdv, ra 68' o'.['The blood of Oedipus is regarded as ill-starred and calamitous inevery member of the family in whom it has run, extending to Laiusand Jocasta on the one side and to all Oedipus' children on theother,' R. E.]

1. 1672. dLXac-rov. This word is used three times in this play (537,1482, 1672), but only in this play. In Homer the word means' not tobe forgoL'en;' in Sophocles it is rather =' terrible,' ' awful.' Cp. Aesch.Pers. 990 'Xaara ErTvywvd rp6caa.

1. 1673. CrLVL, ' for whom,' i. e. Oedipus. This form (= b'< ) is rare.11. 167 , 6. 'In the last scene we shall tell of sights and sufferings

I25

OEDIPUS COLONEUS.

beyond the reach of thought.' For OrcpoLo-oEov cp. Hdt. 9. 26 /ca' catvAira raXatat rapappovrs ipyG. i86vTr KaL wra0oocra, The variation ismade simply for euphony.

1. 1677. * EoaLvTLV p: EtLK&cat, 4dXoL. Antigone shrinks from sayingthat her father is gone, and leaves it to the Chorus to guess.

1. 1678. I.e. 6s d1AoXLcrT' &v XadBotrs Bvat, El 'n60 X& 3ots, 'as youwould above all choose your departure, if you could choose by desire.'Cp. Tr. 874, 5 E40?IcE Apdvepa 7v avv aYUb v 1 6i;v aniao6v f levi4-rov 7roo'r.

1. I681. wIrE&Ks 'pap4)av. The metaphor is merely a development ofsuch personification as 'y~ CacrE'CpvV~yv, etc.

1. 1682. *cEp6LEvcYt, 'sweeping him away with them.'1. 1684. PrE'QLK, ep. supr. IO52.1. 1685. &rav, ' distant,' not as supr. 1303. In Homer the a is short,

Od. 7. 25 TXoO^&v F$ 'iea' s yaliy. [ariav cannot=' distant. (?) v' E

airlay yav, R. E.]1. 1687. Eoev -rpo#&v. Observe the difference of meaning between E'XEb(

-rpogy7v here and supr. 1614: here it is -=rp'aearat, there it is =- 7TpiqEvE11. 1689-91. These lines and 1715-19 are best given to Ismene.1. 1690. wrarpt vevcvE v yEpacu, ' so as to lie in deathwith myaged father.'11. 1692, 3. 'Ye noblest pair of maidens, kindle not so over

exceedingly at that which tends to good by God's will; your journey(hither) calls for no blame.' Or, ' You have no cause to complainof the point which you have reached.' Cp. El. 979 EV f

31ICLYv.

Notice the form of the dual in 77Pr7-ov, ep, 1379 'pvrov, 1746 XdXXErov:

in O.T. 151i we find El 1i' EiXE'T7Y, which form is probably due tothe metre.

1. 1697. ' If this is well, there is such a thing as longing for what isnot well.' For v ep. supr. 11i7 rst p' 7v; and note.

1, 1698. rO c(gXov, 'the dear,' i. e. dear in the abstract. 'What wasby no means the true dear, was dear.' Cp. Simon. 37. I3 (Bergk) eldiTroL 84rtvbv T

6 ye etvB'Y Ov. rbv, ' him.' Homeric use of the article.1. 17oi0. ,rv &ae, sc. Xpovov, cp. supr. 1584: ' clad for ever in darkness

beneath the earth.'1. 1702. y ppwv. The soul in Hades was supposed to have the cha-

racteristics of the body at the time of death, cp. O. T. 1371. HenceAntigone thinks of her father as still requiring tendance. The imagina-tion of the survivor clings to the immediate past. For a parallel touch,of nature from modern poetry cp. King John, 3- 4 ' But now shall canker-sorrow eat my bud j And chase the native beauty from his cheek, I Andhe will look as hollowV as a ghost,j As dim and meagre as an ague's fit, IAnd so he'll die; and rising so again [ When I shall meet him in thecourt of heaven [ I shall not know him; therefore never, never j Shall I

I26


behold my pretty Arthur more.' Cp. also Eur. Fr. 657 (N.) oioc av 7rpo-Solyrv IalrTEp alovXov 'ihXov.

1. 1713. 'Would that thou hadst not desired to die in a strange land,but hadst died alone as thou wert (isE) with me!' On the constructioncp. supr. 540, 1. The use of y' to express a wish (cp. Eur. Suppl.822) is softened by the resemblance of iXp ess to i<piv a, as in theformer passage by that of wrcv0ihrear to C SPEXEs. Another way of takingthe passage is (reading ic' lsot for i&j' .) to separate the words dhAA../ot from the preceding and construe them, 'but as it is thou didst diealone for me (unattended by me). The objection to this is the abruptchange from the first to the second half of the clause.

1. 1720. 'Ekv(-Ev 'o 'riXos P3 ov, = ~'oiv Kal E'EXEV'TaE Tr'V 'v ov.

1. 1726. "r&v X06vWov ro-'av, 'the underground altar.' Antigone speaksof her father's tomb as a sacred place, but Ismene does not comprehendthe expression. Here, as in the Antigone, affection leads Antigone to,wards the impossible, while Ismene at once sees the practical difficulty.

1. 1730. xav obX 6pgs; sc. dJO rov 5v, to which the further reason isadded that no one knows the place of his burial.

1. 1734. iroi, sc, EiAhOooa, cp. supr. 335 roF vEavat rover';11. 1739 foll. 'Already ye have escaped so that evil should not befal

you.' 'I know.' 'What further have you in your thoughts?'1. i745. I. e. ' it was then beyond my strength, but now it quite over-

whelms me.'1. 1746. wriayos. A 'sea of troubles.' Cp. Aesch. S. c. T. 758

icea&v ' i;rsp Oxaaaa ca' d vYt, d .-.X., Ant. 586.

1. 1751. iv ots y&p .. Xp 1. 'It is wrong to make lamentation (i) inthe case of those together with whom the favour of the gods below islaid up in store.' oZ' is probably masculine. Evv6s for Iotv~ occurs alsoin Aj. i8o. The neuter pl. must be taken adverbially with wirO6ELT-aL.Cp. Aj. 577 xolv' i~soi TEOC rat, Ant. 546. (2) Amongst those (i. e. theAthenians) for whom the favour of the gods below is laid up as apublic benefit.'

1. 1755. rtvos.. XPas &v4vact; The gen. depends on the notion ofsupplication in rrpoo-'TrrvoLvE: ' For what boon that ye may obtain it?'

1. 1762. I. e.'that no mortal voice should mention the holy receptaclewhich is his.'

1. 1764. KakQs with rrp&o-o(ovrCa, 'carefully performing this.'1. T1768. Cp. Hes. Op. et D. 219 avTrica 7y&p rpEXLt picor lita aioXt~re

ic]prav, where b'pior is similarly personified.

1. 1770. <hyvylous, 'ancient," time-honoured.' The etymology of theWord is not known. It occurs first in the name of Calypso's island.

1. I772. rotmvr 6[Ia(lots, dat. with 16vra.1. 1776. 'For these things surely have found their appointed end.'

JMy

APPENDIX.

The Legend of Oedipus .

I.

AMONG the women whose spirits came to Odysseus from the under-world was 'the mother of Oedipodes, fair Epicaste, who in ignorancedid a horrible deed. She became the wife of her own son, and he thatwas her husband had slain his father. The gods forthwith made theguilt known to all men. Nevertheless he abode in pleasant Thebb,ruling over the Cadmeans, and leading a life of sorrow, for such wasthe cruel purpose of the gods. But she went down to the house ofHades, the mighty keeper of the gate; her anguish was heavy uponher, so that she bound a noose from the beam in the roof; and forhim she left abundance of sorrows, all that a mother's curses bringto pass.' Od. 11. 271-280.

This is all that we learn from Homer of Oedipus and his wife. Weare left to guess the circumstances under which the son came to slayhis father and marry his mother. But the later version of the story,so far as it relates to the exposure of the child born to Laius fromEpicaste, is sufficient to account for his unconscious action, and mayhave formed part of the legend from the first.

In the version given in Homer the incestuous connection is broughtto light immediately after the marriage-&pap b' dvcvnvara Oeoi 0~ravdvOpci'rot rv, and the discovery is followed by the suicide of Jocasta.Hence in this version Jocasta cannot have had children by her son.On the other hand, Oedipus continues to reign in Thebes though hislife is miserable (dA-yEa rmaicwv),-misery which is due to the evilcounsels of the gods and the curses of his mother.

From other passages in Homer we learn that Oedipus had sons-at least, we hear of Eteocles and Polynices-that he died in Thebes,

SSee L. Constans, La ligende d'(Edigpe, where also the argumentsof M. Brial for, and of M. Comparetti against, the 'solar interpretation'of the myth are given. Most readers will be inclined to agree withthe Italian scholar.

APPENDIX.

and that there was a contention between his sons after his death.Whether he died by a violent death depends on the interpretation ofthe word E ovr6Tor in Ii. 23. 679, which some interpret in the sense ofthe common phrase 3oryo'~i 5E wcarlvy, and others again (Welcker,

Cyclus, 2. p. 339, n. 39) as a picturesque expression to describe thedeath of a hero. His funeral was celebrated in the heroic manner bygames.

What were the hy Ea which saddened the life of Oedipus? Were theymerely remorse for his unconscious crime, or the bodily suffering ofblindness, or illtreatment on the part of his sons? We have no meansof answering these questions from Homer. All that we know is thatthe sorrows, whatever they were, were caused by the cruel counsels of thegods, and the curse of a mother. This is the explanation of themaccording to the simple belief of Epic poetry'.

Nor do we know how the quarrel arose between, the brothers. Inthe Ili'ad (4. 376 ff.) we hear of Polynices at Mycenae; he wascollecting the hosts, ' which marched against the sacred walls of Thebe,and asked for help. The Mycenaeans were willing to give help, butwere deterred by unfavourable omens. When the hosts had reachedthe Asopus, on their way to Thebes, the Achaeans sent Tydeus withintelligence to Thebes, and he found the Cadmeans feasting in thehalls of mighty Eteocles.' This is the prelude to the great contestof the 'Seven against Thebes,' in which many heroes were slain'fighting for the flocks of Oedipus.' (Hesiod, W. and D. 163.)

Comparing the Homeric account with the later fable we find:-(I) That nothing is said by any oracles of the guilt of Laius.(2) That the children of Oedipus are not the children of Jocasta.(3) That Oedipus was buried at Thebes,

2.

Two Epic poems dealt in detail with the legend of Oedipus, theOedipodea of Cinaethon, and the Thebais. About the first we cangather almost nothing, beyond the fact that the author of the poemagreed with Homer in the parentage of the children of Oedipus.Jocasta was not their mother, but Euryganea, the daughter of Hy-perphas the Phlegyan. Welcker, who has given a hypothetical sketchof the Oedipodea in his work on the Homeric Cycle (Cyclus, 2. 313 ff.),thinks that the poem contained a full account of Laius, and that the-oracle which revealed to Laius the fate which would overtake him,if he had a son by Jocasta, is taken from this source. The story of

Of course if WBovrdros is taken in the sense, ' died in battle,' theblindness cannot be part of the Homeric legend.

I29

the Sphinx-which we first hear of in Hesiod, in reference to theThebans-may have been introduced into this poem. As poets reflectedon the story, and sought to bring it into- harmony with their ownethical ideas, it became necessary to account for the death of Laiusat the hand of his son, and the rise of Oedipus, the outcast child, tosuch a position that he became the husband of the queen of Thebes.From what we know of the second Epic, the Thebais, we learn some-thing about the later life of Oedipus in Thebes. As this poem describedthe Theban wars, and the strife of the brothers, it was necessary to givea reason for their unnatural hostility to each other; and this reason isfound in the curse of Oedipus.

The curse is twice repeated. On one occasion Polynices set a tablebefore Oedipus, which had belonged to Cadmus, and placed on ita goblet of wine. When Oedipus perceived that the cup and tableof his fathers were before him, he was seized with rage, and imprecatedbitter curses on his sons, that they might not divide their father's sub-stance amicably, but be ever at war. In the second case the rump wasplaced before him, from the sacrificial meat, instead of the shoulder,and when he perceived it, he prayed to Zeus that his children mightdie by each other's hands.

Here it is obvious that Oedipus was blind during the later part ofhis life, and that he was or conceived himself to be ill treated byhis sons, on whom in return he imprecated curses, which had theirfulfilment at the gates of the city. Each of these traits is turnedto use by the tragedians.

3.In the course of time the legend which was in the beginning Theban,

became localized in various parts of Greece. Oedipus was exposedon Cithaeron, though no one knew precisely where (Paus. 9. 2. 4),he slew Laius at the XtrO7

60&s in Phocis-a tomb and a heap of

stones continued to mark the spot in the time of Pausanias (10. 5. 4).Oedipus was brought up at Sicyon or at Corinth; his tomb was tobe seen in the sacred precincts of the acropolis at Athens, where thebones had been brought from Thebes (Paus. I. 28. 7). Other legendsconnected the burial with Colonus, though these were at variancewith the accounts of the earlier poets:-

ob Adjyors

And doubtless, it was some local legend which made the mother ofOedipus the mother of his children, and traced the misfortunes ofLaius to his attempt upon Chrysippus, which brought upon him thecurse of Pelops.

130 APPENDIX,

The tragedians felt themselves at liberty to take advantage of thevagueness of the story. They brought forward this or that incidentas they pleased. It is not quite clear that Aeschylus regarded Jocastaas the mother of the children , the relation on which Sophocles layssuch stress; but both Aeschylus and Sophocles bring forward the curseof the father as the source of the sons' disasters. All the three trage-dians dwell on the response given to Laius, forbidding him to beget a sonwith Jocasta, but Sophocles gives the largest place to the influence ofDelphi in the fate of Oedipus. To his genius also we owe the 'passing'at Colonus, and the idea of a reconciliation between the exiled kingand the dread goddesses. Euripides, on the other hand, is .responsiblefor representing Laius as intoxicated when he begot his son; fromhim also we learn that Oedipus was imprisoned by his sons in hisold age, and that the brothers agreed to rule in Thebes alternatelyyear by year.

So far does the variation in the story go that Sophocles has notadhered to the same version of it in all his Theban plays. In theOedipus Rex the children are quite young at the time of the mother'sdeath; in the Antigone they are grown up; and though, in this play,Antigone lays out her dead father, in the Oedipus Coloneus she is notpermitted even to see his tomb. (See note on 1. 356.)

In the version chosen by Sophocles, in which the discovery of theincestuous marriage is delayed till children have been born from it,the story is most improbable, so far as the connection of events isconcerned. How could husband and wife have lived together so longwithout the explanations given in the Oedipus Rex by Oedipus toJocasta and by Jocasta to Oedipus of the events preceding their mar-

x The passage S. c. T. 778 ff. is ambiguous: ' When he became awareof his hapless marriage, in a passion of grief, with frenzied heart,he wrought two evil deeds: with the hand which slew his father herobbed himself of his priceless eyes, and on his children he imprecatedcurses in anger at his treatment, ay! bitter curses, that they shoulddivide his possessions, sword in hand.' If the curses were uttered atthe time of the discovery, the sons would be the children of Jocasta;but the mention of the treatment (Trpopas) implies, that the blindnesspreceded the curses; so that the sons may have been by anothermother. And in 755 the words Pi"av alpaTaro7erav refer to the sonsof Oedipus.

In Aeschylus we have mention of a triple warning to Laius: S. c. T.741 raXateLyv ) ydp XA yw I rappac av ,cnbrotvov atiiva 8' 4s T7pLroi'Vel.

I'AvroXXnwvos evrAaitor I la, 7p' Etir67ros I pEcaoppaXot ITUvOauco

p XprT77plotL Ovbanorva y-vvas dT7Ep ble(Ev r6Xwv, I\ paqO ei i/e pixwv

a#ovA&av I 'yi'varo pV pdA6pov abr' V ra'rpo'CTovov Oi6?trjaev, aTE ErTpha'ydyv j aicdpas dpodpay, iV' 4Tpa2 , I ;'av alpcLar6ecav, J iT\a.

APPENDIX. 13

riage? But Sophocles is rightly careless of incidents which do notcome immediately into the plot. It suited his purpose to accept thisform of the legend with all the improbabilities attending it, in order thathe might represent the change in his hero's position as more terrible-more emphatically a rupture of every tie of family affection. For thesame purpose the plague is introduced in the Oedipus Rex. Thisfeature, which makes it impossible for Oedipus as the murderer of Laiusto remain in Thebes, could not have been a part of the old legend;it is in fact entirely overlooked in the Oedipus Coloneus, in whichOedipus reproaches his sons with permitting the banishment, whichin the Oedipus Rex is demanded by the oracle.

Many other tragic poets treated this legend, Achaeus, Carcinus,Diogenes of Sinope, Nicomachus, Philocles, Theodectes, Xenocles,Lycophron, but nothing is known of their plays beyond the titles anda few words. Of the Oedipus of Euripides we have about forty lines,-which are given in Nauck's Fragmenta Tragicorum Graecorum, p.

420 ff. In this play the eyes of Oedipus were put out by the servantsof Lalus. (Frag. 545,)

4.

The following passages from Pausanias on this subject are in-teresting :-

(a) The Description of Colonus.

AEicvvTat SN ma? X po xaXkoVLryos KoXcoyb i'Wrios, vOa 7fr 'ATTIgS

rpwov AXfyELV hX dyovor OI&i'roa* adpopa yiv ial a ra r 'Oiqpov

IToLola AE'ovor 5' ov. Kal' .I8jos IIoastSvo& 'Inlov sa "'A0Gtir'Irvar, p-or B Ilepiov al O pl iwOc Oliro&'s OCr ' A PdaTOv (i.

30. 4).N.B.-Nothing is said of the ' Thorician stone.'

(b) The Hatred of the Sons,

'Hard by are the tombs of the sons of Oedipus, and though I havenot seen what takes place upon them, I apprehend that it is true. TheThebans say that they offer sacrifices to the sons of Oedipus as toothers of the so-called "heroes," but in this sacrifice the smoke andthe flame of the altar always rise in two separate columns' (9. x8. 3).

(c) Oedipus and his Sons.

Aaw N 6aariXEv'ovTr sat yvvairca 'XOVT1 'IoCa'kCTr IY&VT (.v/a XOXEyV iAEX(pv i 70r naratr o rn)rv TEX vrT7V, E TiCOL T & 'IOiC'6T , YVa7eaOE.CL.Kai6 PV erl 701r7 VT y Olikiroba fIbTLOo7Jw* 6 N B al 7 'y 7rawripa

I32 'APPENDIX.

a&rowTEYEiV i(pexexv, cs V0477, Kai Tirv yriTrpa 'ye. was ifl abnrs

ov Bo ic o' yEvie0at, ,iprvpt 'OfpapJ XpcIpros, br 'royomy Vv 'v06V0Elt,MyrITpa 5' Olwtu6ao Bov ica v 'EarLycro'r2V,j jLEtya pypov pcEYev a'pElyor vdoto"ypl~ap4v7r CV vlE" 6 6' 8v rarp' i evapfayi~eIcV &pap 8' advirnvora Eot Oav vy &Ophrot.t,

IIws oVv inroirlav dvairvra adcap, el 8 'raaapEr 4f 'ICci'077 tyEvovroratBEs 7 r O r170t; 4e Ebpv-yavdas U Tip 7 is 'Tiepparor yeydvETraV. ?qhOL

a icKa 6 & rE' 7 q roL7atra & Oli&d8lta BvooyYaover' itaC 'OvaCrar IhaLatasLa

EypagE rcar )c) @riv Ebpvyivav bt2 7O T^ iyd GV 7 ra& waicv,

,loVVEL' 27r s i' 'Ep6VTOd7 ical ta dpxoVror Oi,.o1ons iTwegXO? s I Y OiP48^v

Et /A rEXEhadreYE EuT aJLcyv at sarapaL roi wraTrpoS ds* AgbEevos 84 isE"Apyor tial Ovyarpa 'Apcicarov AaPSyv 1cai4XOwEv i's O)ar eT6c71r6ta7Yro

vd 'ETEOIAEov /LE7rI 7' T6EVT2 'V 70)3v Oaiiroor. iaecbcvy Be is tagopldviTpoijXG 7C 'ETeoNcXE, sa? oi'rce T IEv'epoV t')V'y E2Oe* S 8E 'A pchxTov

aBovval ofl Gvay Tv V xcaTdovtaV , 7rV TE r partav dbrdhXva la 7rp69

"r3v 'ET7ocAlXa abrr porvoIpaXE lca'T rpclAyrv. ca? of IV OvOXoIaXoYJres

daroOvcrcovacv (9. 5. 1o).

(d) The Splinx.

Two accounts were given in the time of Pausanias of the Sphinx:-(I) She was at the head of a force of pirates and ravaged the

country, making a mountain (which was pointed out to Pausanias)the base of her operations, till Oedipus came with a force from Corinthand conquered her.(2) She was the illegitimate daughter of Laius, who taught her the

oracle which had been given it Delphi to Cadmus. This was knownto the kings only. When any of the illegitimate sons of Laius came toThebes to contest the throne with her (the oracle given to Laius applied

.only to his son by Epicaste), the Sphinx invented some trick, sayingthat they must know the oracle given to Cadmus as they were thechildren of Laius, and when they could not answer she had them putto death, for not knowing what they ought to know. But Oedipuswas taught the oracle in a dream (9. 26. 2 ff.).

APPENDIX I33

EXPLANATION OF THE MARKS IN

THE TEXT.

1. 4. *qaptcpo Edd. plcpoV L.1. 9. *OdyEw(v Seidler. OaBsotwv MSS. (Odcottv Rice.).1. 13. Av *8' Elmsley. dvaicoGavwEv L.1. 25. TO776 *y' Par. F. TOVôv cett.

1. 30. *rpoaaTrEXoVra Dind. WpoaTEIXovra MSS.1. 35. tTwrJ doubtful after preceding consonant.1. 42. *dv Vauvillers. vY MSS.1. 44. *i0v ed. Lond. 1747. rdv"' MSS. against metre.1. 45. * s Elmsl. arTE MSS.1. 57. *686 Brunck. 6~6s MSS.1. 79. *roL Campb. rot or -e MSS.1. 99. *Fi'Y Schol. bpwv MSS.1. 121. *irpooarE

5ov, AXeVaUd vw, I Tpoo64pcov TraTaXi* Herm. A d'-

ear' abroY, rpooalpmov I rpoaOvYeov raraaXi MSS.1. 125. * TyXwpos Bothe. iXyXptor MSS.1. 152. lapa paiv *TLs Campb. acpaipawv -rE O' Ws MSS.

L 157- *irpordays Herm. wporc'apr MSS.

1. 174. & *~ELVot Edd. & E'voi MSS.1. 178. *ir6dpaw Bothe. rpdraw MSS.1. 18o. wpopfiaCe A. 7rpoaoipaaE L, etc.1. i84. *XO. Herm. etc., om. MSS.

*(cys Bothe, Herm., etc. etdrVs MSS.1. I85. *TrkaiwAv Herm. TrAov L.19. 197. *rvaq Herm. gjavXif MSS.

1. 198. *ppoerat Elmsl. Apperat MSS.1. 205. nvV' *&y Vauvillers. rliva MSS.1. 212. t'i T6rd; rT is extra metrum. See Notes.1. 215. * fe've Heath add. &. fdvEy MSS.1. 219. * nAEXXrov Herm. gxXer' MSS.

*rdaXvv Elmsl. TaXVe6

r'E L.1. 220. *6 Herm. droyovov MSS.

*iobi Herm. &i MSS. (with varying accent and breathing).1. 226. *7ropcpw Tricl. rrpdaW MSS.1. 238. *yepatbyr Campb. ypa3v MSS. Some MSS. om. aXaov.1. 251. *AE'XosReiske. X0dyos MSS.1. 252. av *dvaepwv Campb. a'v d 6pvY or dvaopav MSS.1. 253. *pvycit Dind. fcpvyEiV MSS., exc. Vat. which has iv pvyaTs.1. 278. See Notes.1. 300. *aTrbyv &T' Pors. dur6VaTr', Cl rp7coS r' MSS.

1. 331. See Notes.

EXPLANATION OF THE MARKS IN THE TEXT. 135

1. 371. *&aX ErltpoV Campb. aXLer'pov, dXr1Tpov MSS.1. 390. *Evaolas Schol. EY'voas MSS.1. 391. [bnr'] om. L.

1. 453. *re *rde Heath. r 'r' i MSS.1. 458. *TraFaBe Canter. rate^ MSS., varying also between irpds and av'v.1. 475. *

-y Heath, om. MSS.*E1r

61&c Campb. olveordi

6, JEor',IC, oloroicc MSS.

1. 499 *EIcrTLvova Canter. bcreTvovaav MSS.1. 516. *& r ovO' Herm. rrov0' 'pya MSS.1. 521. *bEctor Herm. dicW MSS.

*'rcowp Campb. forco MSS.[1. 521 =1. 5o. 'MSS. all have &wov p v, iEs Trcw , against the metre.

Otherwise the sense is good, and 8rE~ Tlrco agrees better with acwv thanin 'w. "I was the author of mischief (wrong, trouble), the author,

heaven be my witness, against my will, and no part of this was by myown choosing." It is observable that the line following only partiallycorresponds, roSTroo 8' a0al'pE'rolo obf6 = iJcouL 8' 'payat Lrv0Oa0a.' R. E.]

1. 530. *hv Elmsl., om. MSS.1. 532. *7Jai'E Elmsl. wai&s MSS.

1. 534. *ai'' E'a' dp' Lushington. cat T' dp' dEcan, abr' a du MSS.1. 535. *OI. om. MSS.1. 536. *XO. Solger. OI. MSS.

*OI. Solger. XO. MSS.1. 547. *3aobv Erfurdt. AXXovs MSS. avovs Porson.

iai *xca ra, cdlr6Xuaa MSS. [Possibly the metre is creticfollowed by dactyl, an inversion of laov'ovs r' 'AOsrva EIroradTqrv.

'I was a murderer, a destroyer of others, but I came to the deed clearin the sight of law, because unwitting.' R. E. But the false emphasison d Aov is a sufficient objection.]

1. 550. *d1rorad Turneb. darerULXq MSS.1. 557. *'rEpE~aaa Reisig. T 4p~o6at MSS.1. 567. *7' *&v Vauvillers. y&p MSS.1. 617. *rb Elmsl. TE MSS.1. 692. ob~' *dp' Campb. ob~' aS L.1. 7o2. *ob Pors. ojvTE MSS.1 9.709g *,y' *PY add. Campb. om. MSS.1. 716. *rapa'raao1hva Campb. The MSS. have iraparr7o/yra, unmetrical

and doubtful; in form, if for 'raparn'rop~va, and in sense, if =' fitted to.'1. 821. *T' Bothe. -y' MSS.1. 841. *g'vro0 ot Brunck. vro'7rmot MSS.1. 865. *r-7j Lond. ed. 1747. y'5s MSS.1. 882. *7' Enger. 7' MSS.1. 887. repcw^' *oZ'E 65 Elmsl. repik.r

6s MSS.

136 EXPLANATION OF THE MARKS IN THE TEXT.

1. 907. *o ep Reisig. M5orEp MSS. [&6a p inight be explained asC. E. Palmer, 'just as he came here with the laws (of the land) to pro-tect him, those very laws, and those alone, shall control him,' i. e. ashe was safe from Athenian outrage by the laws of Athens, when heentered their territory, so he would be prevented by Athenian law fromcommitting outrage himself.' R. E. But what force has abr3s then ?]

1. 977. *86m Doederlein. y' &v MSS.1. 1007. *r~eqa Turneb. TtLdsci MSS.1. Io5o. *repubv Valckniir. rzpqai MSS.1. 1054. 'lypcyfXav. 6pEtSLdTav is a variant in the MSS. See Notes.1. io68. txaTr'.. Icn&rACvt. icard- is difficult, and qpaXdpa may be a

gloss on d.twrvxtpta. icaTd j XAcrp' d/prvrptia rcXAwv cj. Campb.1. 1074. *'piova' Elmsl. *Ipiovrtv MSS.1. 1077. *a~Oaiowv Bothe. abOdip'altjiw, MSS.1. Io83. icpaatlit *rcv3' Wunder. icdprailq' abrwPv 8' MSS. [Mr. Ellis

suggests--aOEptas vE pXar ] ixpautT r&va'' d'yc&Yov 0' [~p Etaaa roNO',Y'u'pa. 'Would that I might reach a cloud in the sky and a sight of

these contests, letting my eye fly aloft.']1. 11og9. *e Reiske. re MSS.

1 11,3.3 */FipVPTe Mudge. Aoppdra, lvp ,r MSS.1. II18. rofp yov *rTOVT'*EIoI 7' E'ra Herm. ToVpyOV TOb/-bYV ira MSS.

1. 112 . *-riv Musgr. oav MSS.1. 1132. *a' Herm. 8' MSS.1. 1133. *Tfs Herm. s MSS.1. I164. *Idov Vauvillers. oX6,dvr' MSS.1. 1165. *T' add. Heath, om. MSS.1. 1169. *aXkS Heath. 'iXes etc. MSS.1. 1189. *PIy85 Dawes. .TE MSS.1. 1190. *xIdcara Herm. iadarmyWv MSS.1. I22o. *3 86 Herm. oba' MSS.1. 1231. t roXVl'tox0o obscure.1. 1248. *Evvxtv Lachmann. vvxlav, vX aV MSS.1. 1259. *rivos Scaliger. 7r6vos MSS.1. 1266. *rdpa' Reiske. '7'AAa MSS.1. 1279. o'rcrS *dq ye Tricl. o'rwEs /' aq, MSS. dAgrai is a

possible conjecture.1. 13o. *T' Reiske. y' MSS.

1. 1314. *dpet Herm. adpt MSS.1. 1346. *Osiarjov Valckniir. Olaisov MSS.1. I386. *56pei Herm. 8pt MSS.1. I389. *rb Herm. T-o9 MSS.

1. 1402. *TLVt Tyrwhitt. Triva MSS.1. 1406. tTro8'. See Notes.

EXPLANATION OF THE MARKS IN THE TEXT. 137

1. 1407. *oph y', *&&v Elmsl. c 2îv y' av MSS.1. 1417. *T' Brunck. y' MSS.1. 1449. *vla add. Herm., om. MSS.1. 1454. terE' jAiv if retained must be treated as= 'Ge pdv, which is

doubtful. cl(pet i v or adves pIv cj. Campb.1. 1466. *obpavoD Campb. obpavia MSS.1. 1474 *AN.. Brunck. XO. or - MSS.1. 1488. do. do.1. I491. *c add Herm., om. MSS.

*rpod8t Elmsl. B30L MSS.1. 1492. *Ilore~aviP Campb. IIorELcacovit MSS.1. I5o6. t9mjce. The dmission of the augment is doubtful.1. 1515. *oaTrpaavra L2. arp 'avra all MSS. except L2.1. 1541. jI77p' *4rtarpe~bigEOa Campb. Io85 7' vrpe7roe0a MSS.1. 1561. *mrLrvq, Seidler. /r7T' rrrvw MSS. Another mode of cor-

rection is to read d&BtiiaTov *cS qpv'Aaica in the antistrophe

1. 1562. *ap' *e*, a arTavvaL Campb. ip' om. MSS., brcavv'aaL MSS.1 o.1570. t7oXvE'OTroEs doubtful metrically. woavevoLS Musgrave.

1. 1573. *oadEv Campb. allv MSS.1. 1592. *wToXvaX rTo cv Heath. roXv(rXihr MSS.1. 1595. *Liq? oV *laos Brunck. ~4' o V4oov MSS.1. 1619. *rTO*Bioov Elmst. (1, Piorov MSS.1. 1677. * 'rSeY Campb. obic aTl MSS.1. 1682. *EP 1(EVatL Herm. patv Oevae MSS.1. 1688. *I. Turneb. No person in MSS.1. 169o. *Xowro Campb. kXot MSS.1. 1695. *Fjirv 'yav* Elmsl. p/L7' yav O'cwO MSS.

1. 1704. *irpatEv Elmsl. crpaeev MSS.1. I709. *dyva Herm. diEi MSS.

1. 1713. -'i&. See Notes.1. 1715. IX. Edd. No person in L.1. 1733. *rEcVp'tov Elmsl. evip~tov MSS.11. 1739, 4

o . *d7r E '7Eov Brunck. aeIye"rov MSS.

1. I744. *ZIdEL~E Wund. ret MSS.

1. I747. *ala?' Dind. va? vat. Xo. apip inp icabr6s. dv. 0 'pe9 MSS.1. 1749. 'v *r7 ,' *~eT Herm.. 4s 7 MSS.

1. 1773. 'aa *7' Pors. a', Saa MSS.1. 1776. ob *ae' Herm. ob yap et MSS,1. 1777. *jIp' Elmsl. jr' MSS.

METRES.

The Lyrical passages in the Play are thus arranged.

I. 7Tpo~) a'. II7-137=149-69.cTpoq)) j'. 178-187= 194-2o6.

II. Lines 207-254 do not appear to be strophic, though exhibiting acertain amount of correspondence.

III. Kommatika-rapocp a'. 5 10-521= 522-534

aTpo(i 3'. 535-541=542-548.IV. First Stasimon-

arpo@p7 a'. 668-680=681-693.orpoq) O'. 694-706= 707-7 I

9.V. Kommatika-

orpoq4. 833-843= 876-886.

VI. Second Stasimon-rTpocpi a'. o1044-10o58-= 1059-1o73

Grpobi 8'. I074-Io84= o85-Io95.

VII. Third Stasimon-aOTporl7. 1211-1223= I224-I238yid es. 1239-1248.

VIII. Kommatika-arpo@q) a'. 1447-1461 = 1462-1476.arpop-) f'. 1477-1485 = 1491-1499*

IX. Fourth Stasimon-rTpoqf. I556-567 = i568-i578.

X. Kommatika-Orpopai a' and D'. 167o-I696= 1697-1723T'pop h y'. 1724-I737= 1738-1750.

Obs. (a) In I, Strophe /', there is nothing in the Strophe to correspondto 11. 199-202 in the Antistrophe.

METRES. 139

Obs. (b) In IX and X the correspondence is not accurate.

IX. Strophe. Antistrophe.1. 1556 - -- ,-,-

S - ---- - ........................... 568.

1.1559 -Jj-.-( -,,,- -.-. ....................................... I5 fo.

1. 1561 ,,,--u,, ..-( -VV,, - .................. 1572.

1.1564 u-w-v-,-

1.1687 -W -V -,S -V VVV ' - - ............ ..... .......... 1714.

1. 1688 - ,-V ,,,,

1.1689 w-v- -

1.1691 5------VV -u-VV .. ...... ..................... 719.

1.1692 5 -V-V---- ,--v- - - ... ....................... 1720.

1.1693 -, -V-,-- 72( v -, - v- I ........................ .. 1721

1.1694 5-o---o-- %J-v v - -,.. .. ............... ......... 722.-vv, - - -. ......... 1723.

1.1695 5 VV--wo --

1.1731 --- v----- ,,-- ........................... 1744.

INDEX.

,Abstract for concrete (04tqatv), 9,('vr7X), 472.

Accusative, absolute, 380.- in apposition, 92.-- Attic, 344.- cognate, 518, 1204, 1328.- for dative (with ' rel&oL), 942.- for gen. (with 7rOo~alv), 30 .- of the sphere in which (Ad'yov),

1225.Active for middle ('Cov0'), 134.Active participle, 266, 1604.Adverb as part of the predicate, 428.Anachronism, 694, io66.Anacoluthon, 1649.Antecedent, remote, 1132.Aorist of immediate past, 1466.Apodosis, suppressed, 640.Article (Homeric use), 122o, 1698.- demonstrative, 742.- omitted, 606, 1512.- possessive, 45.- as relative, 35, 1258.Asyndeton, 17.Attraction (d 7wv'), 734, (Ad7os),

II1150.Augment omitted, 1624.

Broken lines, 31o.Burial, 790.

Change of number, 282.Chorus, 1574.Colonus, 668 (p. 61).Comparison, condensed, 568.Compound adjectives(xadicrovs), 5.7,

(ElcaTdrovs), 718.Compounds with i (foroe0uCipos), 27.Curse, hereditary, 964.

OED. COL.

Dative, 81, 283, 333, 342, 430, 880.- of the reason, 1265.- of time (Xp6v.), 580.- with r75/LaTa, 1026.Demonstrative, article, 742.Divided lines, 327.Dual, of the verb, 1693.

Egypt, 339.Epic uses, 80, 216, 381.Epithets in Soph. (two, without a

conjunction), 84.Elision in the dative, 1436.Ellipse, 48, 309.- of infinitive, II1135.- of EdiAL, 138.Euphemism, 336.,

Fatalism, 371.

Genitive, ablative, 1024, 1082.- attributive, 946.- causal, 1413.- descriptive, 1029.

P- /i aryv <pd3ov, 729.

- origin, 1412.- with iapels, 121I.- partitive, 1145.- as predicate, 355, 66o,- of quality, 144.- relation, 647.- respect, 436,

Hades; the soul in, Io702.Herodotus and Sophocles, 339.Homeric language, use of, 1622.

Imperfect ( iv), I 17, (of the intention),274,

INDEX.

Infinitive, 1019.Inversion (o'rdAo afpec for apet

arATov), 358, 1231.Ionic forms, 16.

Masculine, use of the, for a woman,832.

Metaphor (td/4EtAEv Biov), 9I, (rvE^-ta), 612, 6 7.

Metonymy (Xtaraa = tE'XL), 481.Middle (~epl#aiaro), 602, (ard'-

Oevro), 1215.- subjective (fpaivero), 630.

Old age, 401, 1235.Olympus (=heaven), 1655.Optative, II, 70, IT1172.Optative, with dv, 826.Order of words, 30o, 85, 126, 149,

875, 1356.Oxymoron (iv xa0ap^ Plvat), 1575.

dIrcVTWo, 240o.diepav qdpoav, 1464.

Xaarov, 1672.dyEl vp s av, 1663.av omitted, 43, 70.av repeated, 780.ava&doELv, 1076.dvEXovaa, 674.avip, 1o9.dviqyp, 16o8.av7i, 1326.'Ama, 13o03, 1685.pXaiav, 1632.

daXdpowov, 698.

PapvaXE, 1561.P3PI7ca, 52, 313, 613.1o6, 10o57-BpaXYs, 294.

vXEpdvavT', I282.

edv, 1407.el with subjunctive, 509, 1443.

Participle, active, 1219.- and finite verb, 345.Passive (a~e'oLro), 760.- impersonal (EiLcrO0a), 570.Patronymic, 222, io66.Plural ('varcTaS), 295, (Xpp'o'tSO1),

970;Present (of an attempt), 993.- for future, 589.Prolepsis, 12oo00,

Sacrifice, a debt, 499.Sophocles and Herodotus, 339.Spondee, in fifth place, I 15, 505, 664.Stoning, 435-Subjunctive (after 'r), 395, 405, (after

El) 509, 1443.

Time personified, 7, 1454.Tribrach, 823, Ioo8.

Elt'L omitted, 138, 224.i , 67.i&cv, 521,Av, 564.

TvrpElr6lAO0a, 1541.biT, 148, 746.ripaltveLv, 189.

Aiwryvaos, 1491.aeec , 195.

Exiy'yvov, 284.

'-, 8o.i/5cel, 1177.2rw, 12, 905.

i 06ptav, 1535.iai = or, 488./al,, 53.IarappdrIcl)r, 1590.KLYXivC, 1450.cAX's, 1051.

Iouval, 533, 535.icparip, 157.

Adov, 196.

I42

INDEX.

XA'yo (XXos), 25T.AVdEL, 1616.

e0L6vws iXELV, 104.jpaor, 1596.

,h, expressing a wish, 539-541, 1713.---L TE,, 496.

p , ob, 360, 566.ph, with participle, 73.pUa1cW, 277.A778EVd S, 1122.

'T;re omitted, 1561.polpas, 277.p6ovos, 243, 261.AOIVOS, 1250.

vioOEv, 1447.voaeiv, 598.

vvs, I75I.

0Se, 59.66s, 1590./p1, 550, 1352.

obv I with future, 176.

wapa, of the agent, 1423.7rappov, 1390.mrTrd6v, 629, 1488.7roXXl with Bpovral, 15T4.rpoteveLV, 465.

143

'vps r ~qraltiv6yevov,' 113, 223,1120, 1693.

7rpoT7errt, 1171.

ALrlav, 1248.pvnaov, 808.

laivet, 319.r' oat, passive, 760.oapda'avra, 15 15,P ̂Wv, 342.awwrTipO1 487.

rViELY, 229.TIS, as part of the predicate, 204.7i=

6rpos, 416.

-roXYv, 184.rpirov, 8.rVpavvos, 85I.

brd, 391, 673.

qIpw, 6, 420.

XaXav, 203.XPEos, 235.

,rx6v, 866.

'nGyvyiovr, 177o.wr aura, 1371.wrep av, 1361.

THIE END.

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