8
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ee http://aeinews.org/?s=d-tags http://aeinews.org/archives/category/ocean/sonar 

Soundscape Ecology at Sea

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 1/8

!"#$%&'()*

,'"-"./ (0 !*(

!"#$%& ($) *#+#(*%,-$-.(./#+

0-1 2311-$"+1 ,2*'#34* 567*'0"7

'#886$.&9('"#&3'*'"-"./:"7. ;,<$*=&:"7. ;'"#&3','"-"./:"7.

453$)+%(6# 7%585"& (9 4#(

!'6*$3>' ($% 7*.#-(0"7/ (?*$3"$

-(7.*-/ %764*$ @/ '"$'*7$& (@"#0

*A*'0& "B ($0C7")".*$6' $"6&* "$ 8(76$* -6B*

:(/(8 ;<! DE6% F7*G#*$'/ ;'34*H 45$(*

<$I#76*&1 %*(0C& J 7(7*

(66(*#$98& -$ 3$3+3(8 %-*%31+9($%#+

:(/(8 ;<! 45$(*

K*C(46"7(- *A*'0& J =6%* (7*( DLMNOM 86-*&H

;4"6%($'*1 F"7(.6$. %6&7#)3"$&P

!"#$%&'(% #* &'+,&-% ".&/ %#'&/ 0".' +' $%.Q*&*(7'C #$%*7=(/ 0" %*0*786$* *20*$0 "B @*C(46"7(- 'C($.*&

See http://aeinews.org/?s=d-tagshttp://aeinews.org/archives/category/ocean/sonar 

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 2/8

4#-+1-% +3*/#&+

K*C(46"7(- *A*'0& J 'C7"$6' 6$ "6-R.(& 7*.6"$&S=>> ?@A +,-6+ B5*8)B-)#

T*0S 

;-)A!98($.% C-)"#D +3*/#& +53$)+ )51-$($9 EF*51 2($()(D 4539, !1#*-%(G

U#77*$0S

C#+-+9($%# 95 *#$#B#) 5-8@"(+ #H685*(.5$ (85$" #(+9#*$ +#(I5(*)

VE(W* ( B*= =C(-*& '7"&& 0C* &07**0X

J85I(8 +,-66-$"

UC7"$6' *2)"&#7* J $*(7-/ #@6G#60"#&

J85I(8 +,-66-$"

UC7"$6' *2)"&#7*

J*#(98& *#)3%#) %5113$-%(.5$ +6(%#

J85I(8 +,-66-$"

!C6))6$. 6$

!0*--=(.*$ K($W

7*%#'*& 0C* (7*( 6$

=C6'C =C(-*& '($

C*(7 ($% @* C*(7%S

• C-",9 B,(8#+K LMN

• <-$ B,(8#+K OON 

See http://aeinews.org/archives/category/ocean/seismic-surveys   http://aeinews.org/archives/category/shipping

http://aeinews.org/?s=stellwagenhttp://aeinews.org/archives/626

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 3/8

7$#*"#.% %5+9+ 5F *#)3%#) F5*("-$"

E($/ &0#%6*& >$%

7*%#'*% B"7(.6$.

6$ =C(-*& $*(7

!"#$%&!()!*)+&

($% !,)-!

7$#*"& I3)"#9 +93)& -$ P(%:QK

Y4*7(-- *$*7./ *2)*$%60#7*& (7* "#./ #(0.)0)1./ )#+%($!(2  6$ 0C*

)7*&*$'* "B @"(0& DZN[\ 6$'7*(&*H

R59(8 #$#*"& 9(S#$ -$ B(+ *#)3%#) I& 15*# 9,($ TUN 

I#%(3+# 5F 85+9@)-+*369#) F5*("-$" .1#]6--6(8&1 ̂ #&&*(#1 _(88"$%: ,&38(3$. 7*-(34* *$*7.*3' '"&0& "B C#8($ %6&0#7@($'* 0" W6--*7 =C(-*& DY7'6$#& "7'(H:

K6"-".6'(- U"$&*74(3"$ L[[ DZMM`H1 [MLN[LL:

!*# ($-1(8+ 15/-$" ( 15)#*(9# )-+9($%#D

539 5F ,(*1F38 5* V($$5&-$"W *($"#X 

a=C6-* *2)*76*$'6$. #8#/(9#) +9*#++ 8#/#8+ 

*4*$ (& 0C*/ *$.(.* 6$ $"78(- ('3463*&P

Y+ ( +3I+#9 5F 9,# 65638(.5$ 15*# $5-+#A+#$+-./#X 

a($% 6B &"1 @*6$. %6&)7")"73"$(0*-/ (A*'0*% @/ 7*)*(0*%

*2)"&#7*& 0" 'C7"$6' $"6&* &"#7'*&P

Z#&5$) I#,(/-5*(8 [ [ [ 2,*5$-% +9*#++X

'"7$B"70C68(.*&:'"8

Q#\/# (89#*#) 9,# +53$)+%(6# 5F 9,# 5%#($+

bC* ('"#&3' *$467"$8*$0 6& )*78*(0*% @/ C#8($ $"6&*

J*()3(88& )(B$-$" (B(*#$#++

)760'C*?'(70""$&:'"8

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

;5+98& (9 +9("# 5F 3$)#*+9($)-$"

9,# #H9#$9 5F ,31($ $5-+#

E"7* ()0 0" 'C(70 (8@6*$0 $"6&* -*4*-&Q(0C*7 0C($ (%4($'*% 8*076'& -6W* \ 38* (#%6@-*

"7 $"6&*NB7** 6$0*74(-&

!" B(71 *60C*7 ($$#(- (4*7(.*& "7 &)"0N'C*'W&c"0 8#'C &*(&"$(- 4(76(@6-60/ 6$B"

http://aeinews.org/archives/173

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 4/8

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

5(7W*7 (7*(& LMNZM%K "4*7

$(0#7(- (8@6*$0

]"7&0 (7*(& #) 0" ̀ M%K "4*7$(0#7(- (8@6*$0

;5)#8#) F*51 +,-66-$" )(9(

E())*% B"7 &*4*7(-

B7*G#*$'6*& ($% =(0*7 %*)0C&

!"8* -6860*% .7"#$%N07#0C6$.

D&" B(71 =60C6$ dNLM%KH

!** C?)SRR'*0&"#$%:$"((:."4

:]!! ]%#($ :5-+# ;(66-$" 

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

!*4*7(- 7*&*(7'C 0*(8&S

V&"#$%&'()*&X R V('"#&3' *'"-"./X

V('"#&3' G#(-60/X "B C(@60(0&

,7@*1 E('e6--647(/1 ]6--6(8&: E())6$. '#8#-(34* $"6&* B7"8 &C6))6$. 0" 6$B"78 8(76$* &)(3(- )-($$6$.: f: ;'"#&0: !"': ;8: L[Z DdH1 c"4*8@*7 ZMLZ

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

23**#$9 %5113$-%(.5$ +6(%# 5$ Z2 %5(+9

]6--6(8&1 U-(7W1g"$67(W(&1 ;&C*: ;'"#&3' G#(-60/ "B '763'(- C(@60(0& B"7 0C7** 0C7*(0*$*% =C(-* )")#-(3"$&: ;$68(- U"$&*74(3"$ DZML[H

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

^(*-(.5$+ -$ +53$)+%(6# 5F :5*9, !98($.%

Q6'*1 *0 (-: h(76(3"$ "B "'*($ ('"#&3' *$467"$8*$0& (-"$. 0C* =*&0*7$ c"70C ;0-($3' '"(&0S ; '(&* &0#%/ 6$ '"$0*20 "B 0C* 76.C0 =C(-* 86.7(3"$ 7"#0*:

,'"-".6'(- <$B"78(3'& ZL DZMLiH jkNkk

http://aeinews.org/archives/2520

http://aeinews.org/archives/2226http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/cetsound/

http://aeinews.org/archives/2240

No AEI summary yet!see reference on slide

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 5/8

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

4#-+1-% +3*/#& +53$)+ -$ *#159# 658(* !98($.%

Y$%*#(+#+ 95 (1I-#$9K

;67.#$&

dNLM%K1 #) 0" ZM%K

!0"78/ =6$0*7 =(4*&

#) 0" LM%K

U(--& "B LMMMl& "B =C(-*&

#) 0" LM%K

m-6$W *0 (-1 !*(&"$(- )7*&*$'* "B '*0('*($& ($% (8@6*$0 $"6&* -*4*-& 6$ )"-(7 =(0*7& "B 0C* c"70C ;0-($3': f: ;'"#&0: !"': ;8: L[Z D[H1 !*)0*8@*7 ZMLZ

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

!3951(9#) )#9#%.5$

Y'*($#&N,2)-"7*7&:'"8 DZMMkn $" -"$.*7 "$-6$*H

!C"70N@*(W*%

'"88"$ %"-)C6$

Q6&&"l& %"-)C6$

!076)*% %"-)C6$

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

453$) I3)"#9+

5*$6&* Q6&'C1 c"70C*(&0 F6&C*76*& !'6*$'* U*$0*7: ZMMO %(0(1 !0*--=(.*$ K($W c(3"$(- E(76$* !($'0#(7/

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

453$) I3)"#9+ _ +#(+5$(8

g(7W&1 E6W-"&NY-%&1 5*$*&: ;&&*&&6$. 8(76$* ('"#&3' %64*7&60/ ('7"&& "'*($ @(&6$&: ,'"-".6'(- <$B"78(3'& ZL DZMLiH jLojj

!,, ;^!YS !67"46'1 ]6..6$&1 Y-*&"$: Y'*($ $"6&* 6$ 0C* 07")6'(- ($% &#@07")6'(- g('6>' Y'*($: f: ;'"#&0: !"': ;8: L[i DiH1 Y'0"@*7 ZML[

http://aeinews.org/archives/2599

No AEI summary yet!see reference on slide

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 6/8

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

C#(8A.1# (%53+.% 15$-95*-$"

`Ya]K ̀ -+9#$-$" 95 9,# a##6 ]%#($ 7$/-*5$1#$9

Q*(-N38* -6&0*$6$. ($% 6$63(- '-(&&6>'(3"$

5(0( (7'C646$.

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

]%#($ 5I+#*/(95*-#+ E+51# B-9, (%53+.% +#$+5*+G

b4 ]%#($ ]I+#*/(95*-#+ Y$-.(./# E]]YG

g()(1 g6"$**71 ,$%#7($'*1 8"7*

]%#($ :#9B5*S+ 2($()(

c,gbpc, D7*.6"$(--/ -6$W*% =60C p! &60*&H

h,cp! DKUH1 ;7'3'

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

]%#($ 5I+#*/(95*-#+ E+51# B-9, (%53+.% +#$+5*+G

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

]$ 9(6K (%53+.% 15$-95*-$" F*51 (395$5153+ "8-)#*+

http://aeinews.org/archives/1763   http://www.oceannetworks.cahttp://oceanobservatories.org

http://aeinews.org/archives/826 (section in AEI report)http://aeinews.org/?s=gliders

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 7/8

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

J5(8K Y)#$.F&-$" (*#(+ 5F *#8(./# $(93*(8 c3-#9

g7"0*'3"$ c"6&* E($(.*8*$0 Y'*($ =6-%*7$*&&P

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

J5(8K ;($("-$" E*#)3%-$"XG ($9,*565"#$-% $5-+# -$ 9,# +#(

4,-6 $5-+# *#)3%.5$cY;; q <$0l- E(7638* Y7.($6r(3"$

p! UC(8@*7 "B !C6))6$.

^"#%*&0 LMNLd\ "B &C6)& 6$ *('C '-(&&

'7*(3$. iMNjM\ "B &C6) $"6&*P

:]!! 4($%93(*-#+@;P!+<$'7*(&6$. 6$0*7*&0 6$ &"#$%

!3-- &C/ B7"8 &)*(W6$. "B V=6-%*7$*&&X

7$/-*5$1#$9(8 (++#++1#$9+c"6&* B""0)76$0 7"#3$*-/ (&&*&&*%

c(4/ R "6- ($% .(& *2)-"7(3"$

"A&C"7* =6$% R 3%(-1 =(4* *$*7./

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

J5(8K #H6($)-$" 9,# 3+# 5F (%53+.%+

E"4* @*/"$%S•  E"$60"76$. B"7 &)*'6>' &)*'6*&•  F"'#& "$ (4*7(.* $"6&* -*4*-&

•  <%*$3B/6$. -"'(- .*")C"$/R

@6")C"$/R($0C7")C"$/

,2)($% 6$0"S•  ;&&*&&6$. &)*'6*& '"8)"&63"$ s

C(@60(0 C*(-0C

•  <$%646%#(- ($68(- 7*&)"$&*& 0"

&"#$%&'()* ($% 'C($.*&

•  K*?*7 8"%*-6$. "B $"6&* "#0&6%*

"B 8"$60"7*% (7*(&

]%#($ +53$)+%(6# #%585"&

`-$S+ 95 8#(*$ 15*#

!7Y$#B+[5*"K +53$)A*#8(9#) #$/-*5$1#$9(8 $#B+D +%-#$%#g*7#&* 8(6$ )(.*1 "7 )"W* (7"#$% 6$ '(0*."76*& ($% %" &*(7'C*&

!** '(0*."76*& -6&0 "$ *('C )(.*1 *.S

"'*($ R &C6))6$. R &*6&86' &#74*/&

U7*(0* &*(7'C*&1 *.S

<EYt&C6))6$. R V'"88#$6'(3"$t&)('*X R $(4/t&"$(7

e""% )"&0 "$ ('"#&3' 0(..6$. "B =C(-*& D6$'-#%6$. -6$W& 0" 7*-(0*% (73'-*&H

C?)SRR(*6$*=&:"7.R(7'C64*&RZd[L

7H%#88#$9 5%#($ $5-+# 6*#+#$9(.5$ F*51 :]!!\+ `#-8( d(9%,KC?)SRR(*6$*=&:"7.R(7'C64*&RZdjd

C?)SRR")*$'C($$*-&:"7.R=*@6$(7&RZMLiR-6&0*$6$.N"#7N&($'0#(76*&N

#$%*7&0($%6$.N($%N7*%#'6$.N68)('0&N#$%*7=(0*7N$"6&*N8(76$*

C?)&SRR468*":'"8Rkidi[Mkk

8/12/2019 Soundscape Ecology at Sea

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/soundscape-ecology-at-sea 8/8

Q*&"#7'*&R6$B"78(3"$ "$ (-- 8($$*7 "B &"#$%N7*-(0*%

*$467"$8*$0(- 6&&#*& ($% &'6*$'*

+%-#$%# +311(*-#+ +6#%-(8 *#65*9+ $#B+ 36)(9#+

0-1 2311-$"+1 ,2*'#34* 567*'0"7

'#886$.&9('"#&3'*'"-"./:"7.

!%53+.%7%585"&[5*"

!7Y$#B+[5*"

3,$#4! 5" 6%/$#& 7(%(2)5,& $#2 +","%5!

 8"% *$4)#0 5,)! (9(#5 ,$--(#:

U"$&6%*7(3"$& B"7 E(76$* !)*'6*&Q*%#'*% B"7(.6$. 6$ 7*&)"$&* 0" 8"%*7(0* $"6&*

a*(1(.% 5*%( F5*("-$" )-+*36.5$+ (9 15)#*(9#

*#%#-/#) 8#/#8+ E=e>)ZG 5F ;<! +5$(* 

e7"#) '*(&*% B"7(.6$. ($% 8"4*% 7()6%-/ (=(/

p$#&#(- %64* )(?*7$S

• b=6'* (& %**) D`M8H (& $"78(- DZMNid8H

• Q*4*7&*% (&'*$0 (0 Ld81 C*(%*% @('W %"=$ 0" `M8

VP59#$.(88& /#*& +-"$-f%($9W F5*("-$" %,($"#+ -$

I#(S#) B,(8#+ )3*-$" +5$(* #H#*%-+#+ 

V;))*(7 0" '*(&* 4"'(-6r6$. ($% B"7(.6$. B"7 B""% 6$ 0C*

(7*( (7"#$% ('34* &"$(7 07($&86&&6"$&X

Y7'(&S m4(%&C*681 K*$%*7&1 E6--*71 5"W&(*0*71 m$#%&*$1 b/('W1 c"7%-#$%1 ̂ (81 !(8(77(1 m-*64($*1 e"%": _*776$. D&-6%H1 W6--*7 =C(-*&

D&)*WW$"..*7H ($% &"$(7 N 0C* [!NZMM` '7#6&* 7*)"70 =60C )7*-686$(7/ 7*&#-0&: c"7=*.6($ 5*B*$'* Q*&*(7'C ,&0(@-6&C8*$0 DFF<H: [M ;)76- ZMMOm4(%&C*681 ̂ (81 E6--*71 ;-4*&1 ;$0#$*&1 K"''"$'*--61 <I&&*-8#6%*1 m-*64($*1 Y-646*7&*1 h6&&*7: U*0('*($& ($% $(4(- &"$(7 o 0C* [&NZMMk '7#6&*

7*)"70: c"7=*.6($ 5*B*$'* Q*&*(7'C ,&0(@-6&C8*$0 DFF<H1 ML f#-/ ZMMk: FF<N7())"70 ZMMkRMLLiM

K*(W*% =C(-*&S (& 7*)"70*% 6$ c(0#7*1 =C6'C 7*'*64*% 0C* 7*)"70 #$%*7 ( FY<; 7*G#*&01 =60C 0C* (#0C"7D&H $(8*D&H ($% -"'(3"$ "B 0C* &0#%/

7*8"4*%: C?)SRR===:$(0#7*:'"8R$*=&RZMMjRMjMjMLRB#--R$*=&:ZMMj:kkO:C08-

1#'&/ &'( *#/&2+'2

U"$&6%*7(3"$& B"7 E(76$* !)*'6*&Q*%#'*% B"7(.6$. 6$ 7*&)"$&* 0" 8"%*7(0* $"6&*

R53* I5(9+ )-+*369 F5*("-$" %5115$ )586,-$+Kg7")"73"$ "B 38* &)*$0 B"7(.6$. %7"))*% @/ Zj\

DB7"8 [d\ 0" Zd\ "B 0C* 38*H

^*$.0C "B *('C B"7(.6$. )*76"% %7"))*% @/ iM\

DB7"8 LM 86$#0*& 0" ̀ 86$#0*&H

b68* #$3- 7*0#7$ 0" B"7(.6$. 6$'7*(&*% d`\

DB7"8 k 86$#0*& 0" Li 86$#0*&H

T=N )#%*#(+# -$ F5*("-$" (%./-9& 5I+#*/#) -$

5*%(+ B,#$ I5(9+ (*# B-9,-$ M>>1DB7"8 O`\ 0" ̀ M\ "B 0C* 38*H

!0"'W6$1 ̂ #&&*(#1 K6$*%*--1 ]6&*8($1 Y7(8&: b"#76&8 (A*'0& 0C* @*C(46"#7(- @#%.*0 "B 0C* '"88"$ %"-)C6$ 5*-)C6$#& &): 6$ 0C* _(#7(W6

e#-B1 c*= u*(-($%: E(7 ,'"- g7". !*7 [ddS ZjOoZkd1 ZMMj

]6--6(8&1 K(6$1 !860C1 ̂ #&&*(#: ,A*'0& "B 4*&&*-& "$ @*C(46"7 )(?*7$& "B 6$%646%#(- &"#0C*7$ 7*&6%*$0 W6--*7 =C(-*& Y7'6$#& "7'(:

,$%($.*7*% !)*'6*& Q*&*(7'C1 h"-: ̀ S LkkNZMk1 ZMMk

3#&4% &'( *#/&2+'2

U"$&6%*7(3"$& B"7 E(76$* !)*'6*&Q*%#'*% B"7(.6$. 6$ 7*&)"$&* 0" 8"%*7(0* $"6&*

T>N )#%*#(+# -$ F5*("-$" 8-S#8& (15$" +6#*1 B,(8#+ 

!]!! "4*7(-- '"$'-#&6"$

c" 0(..*% =C(-*& 8(%* ( %**) B"7(.6$. %64* '-"&*7 0C($

iW8 B7"8 ('34* &*6&86' (77(/

4#/#*(8 +93)-#+ +,5B -$)-%(.5$+ 5F B,(8#+ 8-$"#*-$"

5$ +3*F(%# $#(* (%./# (**(&+ 

;)."5 <,$.(!= 8"4*% 0" @* L:ZW8 B7"8 &#74*/ 4*&&*- 0C*$

V*2C6@60*% ( @*C(46"7 @*&0 %*&'76@*% (& 86--6$.:X

>?*-1$+4 <,$.(!= 6$'7*(&* 6$ $#8@*7 "B =C(-*& &**$ =60C6$

46&#(- "@&*746$. 7($.* D6:*: '-"&* 0" 4*&&*-H =C*$ (67.#$& (7*

('34*f"'C*$&1 ;:1 5: K6..&1 m: K*$"60NK67%1 5: ,$.*-C(#)01 f: e"7%"$1 U: _#1 c: f(G#*01 E: f"C$&"$1 Q: ̂ *@*$1 K: E(0*1 g: E6--*71 f: Y70*.(NY73r1 ;:

bC"%*1 g: b/('W1 ($% K: ]#7&6.: ZMMj: !)*78 =C(-* &*6&86' &0#%/ 6$ 0C* e#-B "B E*26'"S !/$0C*&6& 7*)"70: p:!: 5*)0: "B 0C* <$0*76"71 E6$*7(-&

E($(.*8*$0 !*746'*1 e#-B "B E*26'" YU! Q*.6"$1 c*= Y7-*($&1 ̂ ;: YU! !0#%/ EE! ZMMjNMM`: [iL )):

U(7"-6$* ]*67: !C"70NF6$$*% g6-"0 ]C(-*& De-"@6'*)C(-( 8('7"7C/$'C#&H Q*&)"$% 0" ($ ;67.#$ Q(8)N#) g7"'*%#7* "A e(@"$

;G#(3' E(88(-& ZMMj1 [iD[H1 [ikN[di:

U(7"-6$* ]*67: Y4*70 Q*&)"$&*& "B _#8)@('W ]C(-*& DE*.()0*7( $"4(*($.-6(*H1 !)*78 ]C(-*& DgC/&*0*7 8('7"'*)C(-#&H1 ($% ;0-($3'!)"?*% 5"-)C6$& D!0*--*$( B7"$0(-6&H 0" !*6&86' ,2)-"7(3"$ "A ;$."-(: ;G#(3' E(88(-& ZMMj1 [i DLH1 OLNj[:

1.+%,+5 &'( *#/&2+'2