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Engaging students in the free and open source softw
are (FO
SS
) movem
ent
Ralph M
orelliT
rinity College, H
artford, CT, U
SA
ralph.morelli@
trincoll.edu
Real-tim
e Systems L
aboratoryL
inköping University -- M
ay 7, 2009
This w
ork is licensed under the Creative C
omm
ons Attribution-N
oncomm
ercial-Share A
like 3.0 United
States License. To view
a copy of this license, visit http://creativecomm
ons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
Slide: 2
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Who is th
is?
“Imagine a w
orld in which every single person
on the planet is given free access to the sum
of all human know
ledge.”
Slide: 3
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Jimm
y (Jimbo) W
ales inven
ted…
Ward
Cunningham
Inventor of Wiki
software
Sharing what w
eknow
for free.
Slide: 4
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
What d
o th
ese pro
gram
s do?
Blue Poison D
art Frog(D
endrobates azureus)
eMule
Ares G
alaxy
1.2 Billion
SourceforgeD
ownloads!!
Slide: 5
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Free and O
pen
Source
Bitto
rrent S
oftw
are
Invented by …
Bram
Cohen
Sharing our bandw
idth and disk space for free.
Slide: 7
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
FOSS is freed
om
to …
•…
run
the p
rogram
.
•…
stud
y h
ow
the p
rogram
works.
•…
share
copies w
ith yo
ur n
eighbor.
•…
imp
rove th
e pro
gram
to b
enefit th
e com
munity.
Free softw
are is a matter o
f liberty,
not p
rice. [It is] free as in fre
e sp
eech
, not as in
free b
eer.
(Rich
ard S
tallman
, The Free
Softw
are Defin
ition)
ww
w.fsf.org
Slide: 8
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Linux ...
•…
is the kern
el of G
NU
/Linux.
•…
built o
n S
tallman
’s GN
U (G
nu is N
ot U
nix) Pro
ject.
•…
started as a h
obby p
roject in
1991.
•…
gen
erated a co
mm
unity o
f 1000s o
f develo
pers.
Hello
everybody o
ut th
ere usin
g m
inix - I'm
doin
g a (free)
operatin
g system
(just a h
obby,
won't b
e big
and p
rofessio
nal
like GN
U) ...
(Linus T
orvald
, Usen
et post,
1991)
Slide: 9
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
FOSS d
evelopm
ent is ...
•…
com
munity b
ased.
•…
non-h
ierarchical.
•…
open
and tran
sparen
t.
•…
a merito
cracy based
on p
eer review.
•…
closely tied
to u
sers (“release early and o
ften”).
Given
enough eyeb
alls all bugs are sh
allow
.
(Eric S
teven R
aymond, T
he
Cath
edral an
d th
e Bazaar)
Slide: 10
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
FOSS licen
ses …
•…
are main
tained
by th
e Free Softw
are Foundatio
n an
d th
e O
pen
Source In
stitute.
•…
num
ber b
etween
60-8
0.
Source: David W
heeler, The F/L
OSS Slide, 2007
Bruce Perens
OSI C
o-founder
Slide: 12
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Grow
th of Open Source Projects
• Sourcefo
rge.n
et -- the larg
est open
source rep
osito
ry.
173,000 + Projects1.8 + M
illion Mem
bers
Source: Morelli unpublished, 2007
So
urce
forg
e U
sers
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
Jan-0
0Jan-0
1Jan-0
2Jan-0
3Jan-0
4Jan-0
5Jan-0
6Jan-0
7Jan-0
8
Years
Reg
istere
d U
sers
Users
So
urce
forg
e P
roje
cts
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Jan-0
0Jan-0
1Jan-0
2Jan-0
3Jan-0
4Jan-0
5Jan-0
6Jan-0
7Jan-0
8
Years
Reg
istere
d P
roje
cts
Projects
Slide: 13
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Free vs. Proprietary
Bill
Gates
Blake
Ross
Free and Open
Closed and proprietary
QuickTim
eᆰ and a decom
pressorare needed to see this picture.
Source: net applications (April, 2009)
Slide: 14
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Man
y Large S
uccessfu
l Projects
Supporters
Slide: 15
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Server Market Share A
ll Dom
ains
Source: news.netcraft.com
(April 2009)
Slide: 16
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Market Share - M
illion Busiest Sites
Source: netcraft.com
(March 2009)
FOSS co
sts softw
are vendors $
60
billio
n p
er year. (Stan
dish
Gro
up,
April 2
008)
Slide: 17
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
FOSS in
Govern
men
t
•B
razil ad
opts o
pen
source (B
BC, Ju
ne 2
005).
•Fre
nch
Gen
darm
erie
moved
from
MS to
Ubuntu
saving an
estimated
50
millio
n E
uro
s since 2
004 (O
SO
R-E
U, 2
009).
•V
ietn
am
: By Ju
ly 2009 o
f clients o
f gov't IT
must u
se FOSS, in
cludin
g O
pen
Office an
d M
ozilla. (V
ietnam
Net, Jan
. 2009).
•U
K: G
ov't backs FO
SS to
avoid
“lock in
” (BBC, Feb
. 2009).
•A
mste
rdam
: Gov't m
akes Open
Office an
d Firefox d
efault. (O
SO
R.E
U, A
pril
2009).
•U
S: S
en. Jo
hn D
. Rockefeller p
roposes law
to u
se FOSS an
d o
pen
standard
s fo
r electronic m
edical reco
rds (A
rsTechnia, A
pril 2
009).
(Microsoft Patent Suit A
gainst Tom Tom
)
Slide: 18
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
So...W
e …
•..u
se g
ood q
uality FO
SS every d
ay.
•..lik
e th
e freedom
and o
pen
ness o
f the In
ternet.
•..th
ink th
at Intern
et conten
t should
remain
free.
•..sh
are
stuff w
ith th
eir friends fo
r free.
BU
T
•D
o w
e re
alize
that all (a lo
t) of th
is stuff is
based
on...
FOSS ?
Slide: 19
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Freedom
& O
pen
ness
Everyw
here
Slide: 20
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Today: O
pen
ness E
verywhere
“Softw
are is just th
e beg
innin
g …
open
source is d
oin
g fo
r mass in
novatio
n w
hat th
e assembly lin
e did
for m
ass pro
ductio
n. G
et ready fo
r the era w
hen
collab
oratio
n rep
laces the co
rporatio
n.” -- T
hom
as Goetz, W
ired, 1
1/2
003
Center for A
pplication of Molecular B
iology to International Agriculture
Open source
Agriculture
Public Library of Science
Open source
Publishing
Open source
Literature
http://ww
w.architectureforhum
anity.org/
Slide: 21
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Today: S
harin
g E
verywhere
Open source education
Open standards
Open source genetics
http://wikitravel.org/en/L
inköping
Open
source beer
Slide: 22
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Post 9
/11: O
pen
Source In
telligen
ce
NY
Tim
es Magazine, D
ec. 3, 2006 O
pen Source Spying
“These images represent terrorist attacks and som
e of the actors, weapons
and targets linked to them. The physical relationship of the item
s suggests the level of connection.” -- C
live Thom
pson
Slide: 23
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Com
mon T
hem
e:CBPP
•Com
mons-B
ased Peer Pro
ductio
n.
–Yo
chai B
enkler, H
arvard Law
.
–The W
ealth o
f Netw
orks: H
ow
Social Pro
ductio
n T
ransfo
rms
Markets an
d Freed
om
.
–Availab
le thro
ugh a C
reative Com
mons A
ttributio
n-
Nonco
mm
ercial-Share A
like License.
–“I th
ink realistically w
e can see a larg
e improvem
ent in
the
num
ber o
f peo
ple w
ho can
effectively particip
ate in th
e pro
ductio
n o
f info
rmatio
n, kn
ow
ledge, an
d cu
lture.”
–G
reat 18 m
inute vid
eo o
n O
pen
Source E
conom
ics.
Slide: 24
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Eco
nom
ic Implicatio
ns: O
pen
v. Clo
sed
Center for A
pplication of Molecular B
iology to International Agriculture
Public Library of Science
Slide: 25
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Political Im
plicatio
ns: Freed
om
v. Contro
l
New
ssources
Net
neutrality
Digital
Rights
Managem
ent
Slide: 26
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
The H
um
anitarian
FOSS
Project
Slide: 27
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
•M
otivatio
n–
Let’s help
our n
eighbors!
–Let’s jo
in th
e open
source m
ovemen
t!
–Cred
it: David
Patterson, fo
rmer A
CM
Presiden
t
•N
SF G
rant (2
007-2
009)
–Can
these in
itiatives help
r evitalize
underg
raduate co
mputin
g ed
ucatio
n?
Slide: 28
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
NSF/C
PATH
Gran
t
•G
oal: G
etting u
nderg
raduates en
gag
ed in
build
ing H
-FOSS.
•Trin
ity Colleg
e, Connecticu
t Colleg
e, Wesleyan
University.
•H
um
anitarian
-FOSS Pro
jects–
Sah
ana, O
pen
MRS
–G
NO
ME, M
ozilla, In
STED
D (n
ew)
–H
artford
Public Lib
rary
•Courses
–FO
SS S
oftw
are engin
eering.
–FO
SS 1
01.
–FO
SS ap
plicatio
n p
rogram
min
g.
•Sum
mer 2
008/2
009: 1
0 w
eek H-FO
SS in
ternsh
ips.
•M
arch 2
009: A
nnual sym
posiu
m (@
SIG
CSE) o
n C
S cu
rriculu
m.
Slide: 29
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Com
munity B
uild
ing
Com
putingD
epartments
• Teach computing
• Build FO
SS• G
ain skills and opportunities
IT C
orporations
• Host interns
• Fund and advertise• V
olunteer expertise • R
ecruit students
Hum
anitarianC
omm
unity
• Acquire softw
are.• H
ost interns• Teach volunteerism
The H
umanitarian
FO
SSP
roject
Slide: 30
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Hum
anitarian
FOSS
Courses an
d Pro
jects
Slide: 31
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Sahana - Disaster M
anagement
•Started by Sri Lanka volunteers during 2004 A
sian Tsunami.
•W
eb-based information system
.•
Deploym
ents (supported by IBM
): ●
Sri Lanka Tsunam
i (2005)●
Pakistan earthquake (2005)●
Philippine mudslide (2006)
●Indonesia earthquake (2006)
●Peru earthquake (2007)
●M
yanmar cyclone (2008)
●C
hina earthquake (2008)
•Free Softw
are Aw
ard for Social Benefit (2007).
•38,000+ Sourceforge dow
nloads since 2005.
Sahana means relief in Sinhalese
Slide: 33
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Missing Person R
egistry
Slide: 34
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Sahana - Our C
ontribution•
Volunteer M
anagement (V
M) m
odule (2006-2009)
•M
anages volunteers during a recovery effort.
•T
rinity College, W
esleyan University and C
onnecticut College students.
•A
ccepted into Sahana in 2007.
•D
eployments:
●N
YC
, Office of E
mergency M
anagement, disaster preparedness.
●G
alveston TX
, disaster preparedness.●
VM
OSS (Standalone V
M) over 600 dow
nloads in 1 year.●
Used as a teaching tool in undergraduate courses.
Sahana means relief in
Sinhalese
Slide: 35
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Volunteer M
anagement M
odule
•M
ay 2008, China D
eployment
•C
hengdu, Colom
bo, NY
C, H
artford
collaboration.
•B
log: http://blog.hfoss.org/
Slide: 36
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Portab
le Open
Search I
den
tification T
ool
•Crisis R
ecovery Tool: V
ictim S
earch an
d D
iscovery
•G
oogle A
ndro
id FO
SS
•O
pen
Han
dset A
lliance
•Ph
one, G
PS, C
amera, W
iFi, Com
pass
•co
de.g
oogle.co
m/p
/posit-an
dro
id
•Prasan
na G
autam
(Trinity, 2
011)
Slide: 37
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Open M
edical Record System
•E
lectronic Medical R
ecord System started in 2004.
•D
eveloped by Partners in Health and R
egenstrief Institute.
•G
oal: Self-sustaining health IT for developing w
orld.
•Im
plementations: R
wanda, K
enya, South Africa, L
esotho,
Zim
babwe, M
ozambique, U
ganda, Tanzania, Haiti.
•Supporters: W
HO
, CD
C, R
ockefeller Foundation, Google
Summ
er of Code.
Slide: 38
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Open M
edical Record System
Rw
inkwavu
Hospital,
Rw
anda, Oct. ‘07
Slide: 39
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Open M
edical Record System
Slide: 40
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
OpenM
RS – O
ur Contribution
•H
-FOSS Sum
mer Institute 2007, 2008, 2009
•Touchscreen Toolkit (G
iovanni Capalbo, T
rinity, '08)
●Sourceforge: A
utoTouch, 70+ dow
nloads
•Im
age capture and upload (Rachel Foecking, T
rinity '11)
•N
on-numeric data representation (V
. Agraw
al, Trinity '10)
•U
sed as teaching/development platform
in software
engineering courses.
Slide: 42
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Exam
ple: FO
SS 1
01
•CS0 g
eneral ed
ucatio
n co
urse.
•N
o p
rerequisites.
•M
ath d
istributio
n cred
it.•
Goals:
•In
troduce p
rogram
min
g in
a FOSS co
ntext.
•Engag
e studen
ts in d
iscussio
n o
f the FO
SS
impact o
n so
ciety.•
Get stu
den
ts to see th
e relevance o
f CS to
their
lives.
Slide: 43
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Exam
ple: FO
SS 3
01
•Softw
are engin
eering o
r develo
pm
ent co
urse.
•CS1 an
d/o
r CS2 p
rerequisites.
•Engag
e in a real FO
SS p
roject.
•Sah
ana
•O
pen
MRS
•M
ozilla
•N
eeded
: Men
tors fro
m th
e FOSS co
mm
unity.
•Sharin
g an
d co
llaborative in
-class cultu
re.
•W
orkin
g in
teams (co
mm
unities).
Slide: 44
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Classro
om
cultu
re: Sharin
g an
d C
ollab
oratio
n
•Com
putatio
nal assig
nm
ents are d
isplayed
, discu
ssed o
pen
ly.•
Stu
den
ts are enco
urag
ed to
help
each o
ther an
d sh
are their so
lutio
ns an
d in
sights.
•Stu
den
ts work in
teams o
n p
rogram
min
g an
d w
riting assig
nm
ents (d
ocu
men
tation, b
logs, w
ikis).•
Stu
den
ts play a ro
le in g
radin
g (p
eer-to-p
eer).•
Professo
rs learn stu
ff from
studen
ts.
Slide: 45
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject Linköping U
niversity, May 5, 2009
Conclusions
•FO
SS m
ethodolo
gy is a sig
nifican
t develo
pm
ent
in so
ftware en
gin
eering.
●Softw
are engin
eering an
d so
ftware d
evelopm
ent
courses.
●Learn
by jo
inin
g FO
SS co
mm
unities.
•The FO
SS p
hilo
sophy an
d m
ovemen
t are im
portan
t for so
ciety at large.
●G
eneral ed
ucatio
n co
urses in
com
puter scien
ce.●
Acro
ss the cu
rriculu
m: eco
nom
ics (micro
finan
ce), politics
(grass ro
ots m
ovemen
ts), med
ia …