SOUTH VALLEY DATA ATLAS - University of New Mexico

SOUTHVALLEYDATAATLAS

PreparedforLaReddelRioAbajoMa12,2016

NMEVALUATIONLABUniversityofNewMexico

SouthValleyDataAtlas

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INTRODUCTION

ThemainobjectiveofthisearlydevelopmentalevaluationforLaRedistoprovideasocialanddemographicsnapshotofAlbuquerque’sSouthValley.Thedatatellastoryofcommunitystrengthsandchallenges.WehopethatacompilationofthesestrengthsandchallengeswillhelpLaRedorganizationsdocumentthecontextinwhichtheywork.PerhapstheAtlaswillalsoincubateideasfornewwaystomobilizethecommunity.

ANOTEABOUTTHEDATA

MostoftheinformationwereportiscollectedbytheUnitedStatesCensusBureau.TheCensusBureaucollectsinformationfrommorethan3millionresidenceseveryyearthroughitsAmericanCommunitySurvey(ACS).TheACShasreplacedthe“longform”ofthedecennialCensus,providingthesamedata,butmorefrequently.

Sinceonlyasmallpercentageofhouseholdsaresurveyedinanygivenyear,thedataavailableforsmallgeographiesareforafive-yearperiod.Thislongertimeframeensuresthatinformationiscollectedfromenoughhouseholdssothatthecommunityisfaithfullyrepresented.WeusethemostrecentavailableACSdata,whichareforthe2010-2014period.

Byahappycoincidence,the87105zipcodedefinestheSouthValleyverywell,anddatabyzipcodecanbereadilyaccessedthroughtheCensusBureau’sAmericanFactFindertoolhttp://factfinder.census.gov.

AlthoughtheACSisagreatsourceofdata,thereareafewlimitationstoconsider.First,anyofficialsurveymostsurelyundercountsundocumentedimmigrants.AlthoughtheACSpromisesanonymity,anddoesnotaskquestionsaboutimmigrationstatus,thosewhoprefertostay“offtheradar”arelikelyreluctanttorespondtoadetailedsurvey.ThedatareportedbytheACSaccountfornon-respondingunitsbyincreasingthe“weight”ofrespondingunits.Thistechniquewillprovideagoodestimateofcommunitycharacteristicsonlyifnon-respondingunitsareverysimilartorespondingunits.

If,asislikely,non-respondingunitsaremateriallyandsociallydisadvantaged,thedatawilloverestimatecommunitywell-being.Itisthereforereasonabletointerpretthereporteddataasanupperboundofwell-being;realwell-beingisprobablysomewhatlower.

Inthe“SouthValleyNumbers”section,wealsoprovideanadjustedestimateofthesizeoftheimmigrantcommunity,basedonthemethodsusedbythePewResearchCenter,awell-respectedsourceofinformationontheHispanicpopulationintheUnitedStates.

Second,theACSdoesnotcollectdataonmanycharacteristicsthatmanypeoplewouldconsiderimportanttotheirwell-being.Therearenodirectmeasuresofhealth,jobopportunities,educationalquality,leisuretimeactivitiesorcommunityengagement.WeencourageLaRedtocompilealistofadditionalmeasuresofcommunitywell-being.Thisexercisecouldleadtodatacollectionfromothersources,ortothedevelopmentoforiginaldatacollectioninstruments.

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OurotherdatasourceistheNewMexicoIndicatorBasedInformationSystem(NM-IBIS)<https://ibis.health.state.nm.us>.NM-IBISisacollectionofhealthdataprovidedbytheNewMexicoDepartmentofHealth.Unfortunately,muchofthedetailedhealthinformationinNM-IBISisnotavailableatthesub-countylevel.Thispreventsusfromcapturingadultandyouthriskbehaviors,accesstoprenatalcare,maternaldepressionandotherpotentiallyusefulinformationforSouthValleyresidents.

ThedatawecanprovidefortheSouthValleyisreportedby“SmallAreas,”andincludesinformationdrawnfrombirthanddeathrecords.

Weusethemostrecentdataavailablefromthissource.AswiththeACSatthezipcodelevel,datareportedforSmallAreasaggregatesfiveyearperiodsinordertoimproveaccuracy.Adisadvantageofthisaggregationisthattheinformationreflectslessrecentconditions.


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LISTOFFIGURES

PageA.PEOPLE

Race,HispanicOrigin,LanguageandImmigration Figurea1.HispanicorLatinoOrigin 1Figurea2.Otherraceidentities 1Figurea3.LanguageotherthanEnglishspokenathomeforthose5yearsofage

andolder 2Figurea4.ResidentswhospeakEnglishlessthan“verywell” 3Figurea5.Immigrationandcitizenship 3

Agedistribution Figurea6.Medianage 4Figurea7.Agedistribution 5Figurea8.Childdependencyratio(thenumberofchildren0-17yearsper100

working-ageadults18-64years) 6Educationandearnings

Figurea9.Enrollmentratesforpre-schoolersandolderteens 6Figurea10.Educationalattainmentforadults25yearsandolder 7Figurea11.Youngadults(18-24years)withahighschoolcredential,bygender 7Figurea12.Medianearningsbyeducationalattainment 8Figurea13.Povertyratesforadultswithoutahighschoolcredential 9

Workforce(employment,occupation,disability) Figurea14.Percentofcivilianpopulation16yearsandolderemployed,

unemployedandnotinlaborforce 10Figurea15.Householdsreceivingdisabilityincome 11Figurea16.Self-employedworkerswhosebusinessesarenotincorporated 11Figurea17.Occupationaldistribution 12Figurea18.Medianearningsforworkers25yearsandolder 12

Olderadults Figurea19.Adults65yearsandolderanddisabilities 13Figurea20.Poverty(darkersegment)andnearpoverty(lightersegment)for

adults65andolder 13Figurea21.Adults65yearsandolderwithFoodstamp/SNAPbenefits 14Figurea22.Homeownershipforadults65yearsandolder 14

B.HOUSEHOLDS,FAMILIESANDCHILDREN Figureb1.Householdsize 15Figureb2.Householdtype 16Figureb3.Medianhouseholdincome 17Figureb4.Povertyratesforfamilieswithchildrenundertheageof18 17Figureb5.Childrenbyhouseholdtype 18Figureb6.Childreninhouseholdsnotheadedbytheirparents 18Figureb7.Theroleofgrandparents 19Figureb8.Children,publicassistanceandpoverty 20

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LISTOFFIGURES,continued

C.TRANSPORTATIONANDHOUSING

Transportation Figurec1.Householdswithnocaravailable 21Figurec2.Commutingtimes 21Figurec3.Gettingtowork 22

Housing Figurec4.Proportionofhousingbuiltineachdecadefrompre1940topresent 22Figurec5.Yearsinsamehome 23Figurec6.Homeownership 23Figurec7.Homevalues 24Figurec8.Medianhomevalues 24Figurec9.Owneroccupiedunitswithoutmortgages 25Figurec10.Medianmonthlyhousingcostsforhomeowners 25Figurec11.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofhomeowners’income 26Figurec12.Medianrent 26Figurec13.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofrenters’income 27

D.HEALTH

Figured1.Birthweightandteenbirths 28Figured2.Lifeexpectancyatbirth 29Figured3.DeathsbyCauseper100,000Population(Age-adjusted) 30Figured4.Deathsper100,000population,bycausesrelatedtobehavioral

health 30Figured5.Percentwithouthealthinsurance 31

APPENDIX

I.SouthValleyDataGeography 32II.CorrectionforUndercountofUndocumentedImmigrants 34

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A.PEOPLE

Alldatainthissectionarefromthe2010-2014AmericanCommunitySurvey.

Race,HispanicorLatinoOrigin,LanguageandImmigration

Figurea1.HispanicorLatinoOrigin

80%ofSouthValleyresidentsareofHispanicorLatinoorigin...

Figurea2.Otherraceidentities

...andveryfewidentifyasblackorAfricanAmerican,especiallywhencomparedwiththerestoftheUnitedStatesandAlbuquerque.4.4%identifyasAmericanIndian,aboutthesameasinAlbuquerque,andmorethanfivetimestherepresentationintheUnitedStatesasawhole.TheSouthValleyishometorelativelyfewAsianpeople.

62.8%

16.9%

41.3%47.3%

13.9%

79.9%

White,non-Hispanic HispanicorLajno(anyrace)

UnitedStates Albuquerque SouthValley

12.6%

0.8%

5.0%3.3%

4.2%2.6%

1.7%

4.4%

0.4%

Black AmericanIndian Asian


STRENGTH:

A Hispanic and Latino community with a rich cultural heritage


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Intermsofnumbers,thereare57,878SouthValleyresidents.

46,245areHispanicorLatino,anyrace

8,045arewhite,non-Hispanic

2,547areAmericanIndian

984areBlack

232areAsian

(Totalismorethan57,878sincesomeAmericanIndians,BlacksandAsiansmayalsobeHispanic)

Figurea3.LanguageotherthanEnglishspokenathomeforthose5yearsofageandolder

MorethanhalfofSouthValleyresidentsspeakalanguageotherthanEnglish(presumablySpanish)athome.Thiscontrastswith30%ofAlbuquerqueresidentsand21%ofUnitedStatesresidents.OlderSouthValleyresidentsaremorelikelytospeakSpanishathomethantheiryoungerneighbors.ThispatternsuggestsapotentiallossoftheSpanishlanguageforresidentswhosefamilieshavebeeninNewMexicoforhundredsofyears.FortheUnitedStatesasawhole,youngerresidentsaremorelikelytospeakalanguageotherthanEnglishathome.

Intermsofnumbers,thereare29,818SpanishspeakersintheSouthValley,and5,265ofthemare65andolder.

20.9%14.5%

29.9% 30.8%

55.1%

68.1%

Populajon5yearsandolder Adults65yearsandolder


STRENGTH:

Bi-lingualism

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Figurea4.ResidentswhospeakEnglishlessthan“verywell”

17%ofSouthValleyresidents(8,929people)and20%ofolderSouthValleyresidents(1,577people)arenotcompletelycomfortablespeakingEnglish.TheseratesaremuchhigherthantheratesforAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates,andsuggestaneedforbilingualeducationandforhealthandsocialservicesproviderswhospeakSpanish.

Figurea5.Immigrationandcitizenship

TheSouthValleyishometoagreatershareofimmigrantsthanisAlbuquerqueortheUnitedStatesasawhole.17%ofSouthValleyresidentsareimmigrants,comparedwith11%inAlbuquerqueand13%intheUnitedStates.12%ofSouthValleyresidentsarenotcitizens,comparedwith7%inAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.Thesepercentagesriseonlyslightlywhenweaccountfortheestimatedundercountofundocumentedimmigrants.

8.6% 8.5%7.9%8.8%

16.5%

20.4%

Populajon5yearsandolder Adults65yearsandolder


13.1%

7.1%

10.7%

6.8%

16.6%

12.0%

Immigrant Notacijzen


CHALLENGE:

Bi-lingualism

CHALLENGE:

Legal status and access to services

STRENGTH:

Diversity


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Intermsofnumbers,theSouthValleyishometo9,965immigrantsofwhom7,292arenotcitizens.ThesenumbersreflectacorrectionusedbythePewResearchCenter.Pewestimatesthat15%ofundocumentedimmigrantsaremissedbytheCensus.Sinceabout28%ofimmigrantsareundocumented,theundercountforimmigrantsisabout4%(=28%X15%).Seetheappendixfordetails.

Age

Figurea6.Medianage

ThemedianageintheSouthValleyisaboutoneyearhigherthaninAlbuquerque,andalittlelessthanayearlowerthanintheUnitedStatesasawhole.

37.435.6 36.7


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Figurea7.Agedistribution

Schoolagechildrenandteensareover-representedintheSouthValley,relativetoAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates,andyoungadults(inthe20-34agebracket)areunder-represented.Thedistributionofadults50yearsofageandolderisaboutthesameintheSouthValleyandtheUnitedStates,andslightlyhigherthaninAlbuquerque.

TheSouthValleyagedistributionandnumberofpeopleineachagecategoryareasfollows:

SouthValleyResidents Percent NumberUnder5years 6.5% 3,7625to14years 14.1% 8,16115to19years 8.0% 4,63020to34years 19.1% 11,05535to49years 19.3% 11,17050to65years 19.6% 11,34465yearsandover 13.4% 7,756

Allagegroups 100.0% 57,878

0%

8%

16%

24%

Under5years

5to14years

15to19years

20to34years

35to49years

50to65years

65yearsandover


STRENGTH:

Relative abundance of wise elders


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Figurea8.Childdependencyratio,whichisthenumberofchildren(0-17years)per100working-ageadults(18-64years)

Thechilddependencyratioreflectstheratioofdependentchildrentotheworkingagepopulation.TheSouthValleyhasahigherchilddependencyratiothanAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.Therelativeshortageofyoungadultsalsocontributestothehigherratio.

Education

Figurea9.Enrollmentratesforpre-schoolersandolderteens

Pre-schoolenrollmentfor3and4year-oldsintheSouthValleyismorethan10percentagepointsbelowtheUnitedStatesaverage,anditis4percentagepointsbelowtheAlbuquerqueaverage.Attheotherendofchildhood,schoolenrollmentfor18and19year-oldsis10percentagepointsbelowtheUnitedStatesaverageand12percentagepointsbelowtheAlbuquerqueaverage.

37.4 37.1

41.6


47.4%

75.3%

40.8%

75.8%

36.6%

61.6%

3and4years 18and19years


CHALLENGE:

Fewer workers per dependent child

CHALLENGE:

Too few young children and older teens in school

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Figurea10.Educationalattainmentforadults25yearsandolder

TheSouthValleytrailsAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesby16and13percentagepointsinthepercentofpopulation25yearsandolderwithatleastahighschooldegree.Thediscrepancyisevenlargerforcollegedegreeattainment.13%ofSouthValleyadultsholdacollegedegreeorhigher,comparedwith33%ofAlbuquerqueadultsand29%ofadultsnationally.

Figurea11.Youngadults(18-24years)withahighschoolcredential,bygender

Atallgeographies,youngwomenaremorelikelythanyoungmentoholdahighschoolcredential.ButthedisparityismorepronouncedintheSouthValley,where68%ofyoungmenand76%ofyoungwomenhavecompletedhighschool.Thesesharesaremorethan10percentagepointslowerthaninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.

86.3%

29.3%

88.9%

33.2%

72.8%

12.7%

Highschoolgraduateorhigher Bachelor'sdegreeorhigher


82.7%87.4%

81.2%85.4%

68.2%75.6%

Men Women


CHALLENGE:

Incomplete education for many . . .

. . .

especially for young adults


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Figurea12.Medianearningsbyeducationalattainment

South Valley residents without a high school credential earn as much as those with the same education level in Albuquerque and the United States. Compared with the United States as a whole, Albuquerque residents with some college or associate’s degree and those with a Bachelor’s degree earn less. For the other comparisons, the estimates have such large margins of error that we cannot be sure that the apparent pattern of lower earnings for South Valley residents truly holds. That is, there is a reasonable probability that another sample of survey respondents would show a smaller earnings gap. At the same time, this uncertainty also means that there is a reasonable probability that another sample of survey respondents would show a larger gap.

$19,954

$27,868

$33,988

$50,515

$66,944

$19,405

$26,949$30,736

$44,217

$57,513

$19,323

$24,028

$28,810

$37,227

$51,552

Lessthanhighschoolgraduate

Highschoolgraduate(includes

equivalency)

Somecollegeorassociate'sdegree

Bachelor'sdegree Graduateorprofessionaldegree


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Figurea13.Povertyratesforadultswithoutahighschoolcredential

Womenwithoutahighschoolcredentialfacehigherpovertyratesthanmeninallthreegeographies.AlbuquerqueandSouthValleyresidentswithlittleeducationfacesimilarpovertyrates,andbothgroupsaremorelikelyhaveincomesbelowthepovertylinethanthosewithsimilarschoolingintherestofthecountry.Theratesareveryhigh:35%ofSouthValleywomenwhodidnotgraduatefromhighschooland29%oftheirmalecounterpartsliveinpoverty.

23.8%

31.3%29.9%

36.4%

28.9%

34.8%

Men Women


CHALLENGE:

Poverty rates are very high for those without a high school credential


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WorkForce

Figurea14.Percentofcivilianpopulation16yearsandolderemployed,unemployedandnotinlaborforce

Thefirstseriesshowstheemployment-populationratio,thepercentoftheunderlyingpopulationthatisworkingforpay,eitherasanemployeeorasaself-employedworker.Peoplewhoarenotworking,butwhoareactivelylookingandavailableforworkareconsideredunemployed.Theunemploymentratedoesnotincludepeoplewhowouldliketowork,butwhohavebecomediscouragedandarenolongerjobhunting.These“discouragedworkers”areconsideredtobenotinthelaborforce,asisanyoneelsewhoisnotworkingorlookingforwork.Thosenotinthelaborforceincludestudents,retireesandhomemakers.

ComparedwithAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole,SouthValleyresidentsarelesslikelytobeemployed,morelikelytobeunemployed,andmorelikelynottobeinthelaborforce.The51%employmentrateis16%lowerthaninAlbuquerque;the7.1%unemploymentis29%higherthaninAlbuquerque,andtheratenotinthelaborforce,at42%,is20%higherthaninAlbuquerque.Inshort,SouthValleyresidentsareemployedatsignificantlylowerratesthantheircounterpartsinAlbuquerque.

57.7%

5.8%

36.1%

59.5%

5.5%

34.7%

51.3%

7.1%

41.6%

Employed Unemployed Notinlaborforce

UnitesStates Albuquerque SouthValley

CHALLENGE:

JOBS!!!

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Figurea15.Householdsreceivingdisabilityincome

Asacorollarytoloweremploymentrates,SouthValleyresidentsaremuchmorelikelythantheircounterpartsinAlbuquerqueandnationallytoreceiveSupplementalSecurityIncome(SSI),aprogramthatsupportsthoseunabletoworkduetodisability.

Figurea16.Self-employedworkerswhosebusinessesarenotincorporated

SouthValleyworkersaremorelikelytoruntheirownsmallbusinessthanAlbuquerqueworkers.Therate,at6.4%,issimilartothenationalaverage.

5.3% 5.4%

9.0%


6.1%

5.2%

6.4%


CHALLENGE:

High rates of disability

STRENGTH:

Entrepre-neurship


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Figurea17.Occupationaldistribution

Reflectingloweducationalattainment,SouthValleyworkersaremuchlesslikelythanthoseinAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatestohaveoccupationsinmanagement,business,scienceandthearts,andmuchmorelikelytohaveservice,constructionandtransportationjobs.

Figurea18.Medianearningsforworkers25yearsandolder

SouthValleyresidentsearnsubstantiallylessthanallresidentsofAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.Medianearningsforfull-timeworkerswholiveintheSouthValleyare$26,153,comparedwith$34,396forthosewholiveinAlbuquerque,adifferenceofmorethan$8,000.

36.4%

18.2%

24.4%

9.0%12.1%

41.2%

19.6%

23.9%

7.8% 7.6%

23.9% 25.3%23.1%

14.9%12.8%

Management,business,science,andarts

Service Salesandoffice Naturalresources,construcjonandmaintenance

Producjonandtransportajon


$36,034$34,396

$26,153


CHALLENGE:

Low earning power

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Olderadults

Figurea19.Adults65yearsandolderanddisabilities

Forty-fourpercentofadults65andolderintheSouthValleyreportadisability,comparedwithonly39percentinAlbuquerqueand36percentintheUnitedStates.

Figurea20.Poverty(darkersegment)andnearpoverty(lightersegment)foradults65andolder

Note:Nearpovertyisincomebetween100and150%ofthepovertyline.

Ratesofpovertyandnear-povertyforadults65yearsandolderaremuchhigherintheSouthValleythaninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.

36.3%38.6%

43.9%


9.4% 9.8%15.4%

10.9% 10.3%

17.4%


CHALLENGE:

High rates of disability for elders

CHALLENGE:

Poverty and near-poverty for older adults


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Figurea21.Adults65yearsandolderwithFoodstamp/SNAPbenefits

Nearly16%ofolderadultsintheSouthValleyreceivefoodstamp(SNAP)benefits.ThisisdoubletherateoffoodstampreceiptforolderadultsinAlbuquerque,andclosetodoubletherateforolderadultsnationally.

Figurea22.Homeownershipforadults65yearsandolder

Despitehigherlevelsofpoverty,olderadultsintheSouthValleyaremorelikelytoowntheirhomethanolderadultsintheUnitedStatesasawholeandolderadultsinAlbuquerque.91%ofSouthValleyeldersowntheirhomes,comparedwith77%inAlbuquerqueand79%nationally.

8.5%7.5%

15.8%


78.5% 76.7%

90.8%


STRENGTH:

High rates of home ownership among older adults

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B.HOUSEHOLDS,FAMILIESANDCHILDREN


Figureb1.Householdsize

HouseholdsarelargerintheSouthValleythaninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.49%ofSouthValleyresidentsliveinhouseholdsofthreeormorepeople,comparedwith35%inAlbuquerqueand39%intheUnitedStatesasawhole.

27.6%

33.6%38.9%

32.7% 32.5%34.9%

22.1%

29.1%

48.8%

One Two Threeormore



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Figureb2.Householdtype

TheCensusdistinguishesbetweenfamilyhouseholds,composedoftwoormorerelatedpeople,and“non-family”households,composedeitherofoneperson,oroftwoormoreunrelatedpeople.

TheSouthValleyhasrelativelymorefamilyhouseholdsthanAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.Addingallfamilyhouseholdsregardlessofwhoheadsthem,73%ofhouseholdsintheSouthValleyarefamilies,comparedwith60%inAlbuquerqueand66%nationally.TheSouthValleyalsohasrelativelymorehouseholdscomposedoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemaleorfemale.18%ofSouthValleyhouseholdsarefamilieswithafemalehouseholder,comparedwith13%and14%ofUnitedStatesandAlbuquerquehouseholds,and9%ofSouthValleyhouseholdsarefamilieswithamalehouseholder,comparedwith5%and6%ofUnitedStatesandAlbuquerquehouseholds.Thismeansthat27%ofSouthValleyhouseholdsarelikelytobesingle-parentfamilies,amuchgreatersharethanthe20%ofAlbuquerquehouseholds,and18%ofhouseholdsnationally.

33.8% 40.1%27.7%

48.4% 39.6%

45.8%

13.0% 14.4%17.8%

4.8% 6.0% 8.7%


Singlemalefamilyhouseholder

Singlefemalefamilyhouseholder

Married-couplefamily

Nonfamilyhousehold

STRENGTH:

South Valley residents are surrounded by family

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Figureb3.Medianhouseholdincome

MedianhouseholdincomeintheSouthValleyis$36,676.Thisfigureismorethan$10,000lowerthaninAlbuquerque,andnearly$17,000lowerthanintheUnitedStatesasawhole.

Figureb4.Povertyratesforfamilieswithchildrenundertheageof18

MorethanathirdofSouthValleyfamilieswithchildrenliveinpoverty,comparedwith25%ofAlbuquerquefamilies,andonly18%offamiliesnationally.

$53,482

$47,413

$36,676


18.1%

24.8%

34.4%

UnitedStates NewMexico SouthValley

CHALLENGE:

More than 1/3 of families with children face poverty


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Figureb5.Childrenbyhouseholdtype

ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,childrenInbothAlbuquerqueandtheSouthValleyarelesslikelytoliveinhouseholdsheadedbyamarriedcouple,andaremorelikelytoliveinhouseholdsheadedbyanunmarriedparent.29%ofSouthValleychildrenliveinahouseholdheadedbyasinglewoman;11%liveinahouseholdheadedbyasingleman.

Figureb6.Childreninhouseholdsnotheadedbytheirparents

ChildrenintheSouthValleyaremuchmorelikelythanchildreninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawholetoliveinhouseholdsthatarenotheadedbytheirparents.14%ofSouthValleychildrenliveinhouseholdsheadedagrandparentandanother5%liveinhouseholdsheadedbyanotherrelativeotherthanaparent.Thiscompareswith6%and3%ofAlbuquerquechildrenlivingwithgrandparentsandotherrelativesand7.5%and2%ofchildren

65.9%

25.9%

7.5%

57.5%

31.4%

10.5%

59.6%

29.2%

10.9%

Householdheadedbymarriedcouple

Singlefemalehouseholder Singlemalehouseholder


7.5%

2.4%

6.3%

2.7%

14.1%

5.3%

Grandparent Otherrelatajve


CHALLENGE:

Single parent households

STRENGTH:

Multi-generational families

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livingwithgrandparentsandotherrelativesnationally.Thegreatershareofchildrenlivinginhouseholdsheadedbyrelativesotherthantheirparentsislikelyrelatedtothehighratesofbirthstoteenmoms(seefigured1).

Figureb7.Theroleofgrandparents

12%ofSouthValleyadults65andolderlivewiththeirgrandkids,whichistwicetherateforolderadultsinAlbuquerqueandintheUnitedStatesasawhole.5%ofSouthValleyeldersareresponsibleforraisingtheirgrandkids.ThisrateismorethanquadrupletheratefortheUnitedStates,andmorethan3timestherateforAlbuquerque.

Intermsofnumbers,907olderadultslivewiththeirgrandkids,and419areraisingtheirgrandkids.

5.0%

1.2%

4.8%

1.4%

11.7%

5.4%

Livingwithgrandchild Responsibleforgrandchild


CHALLENGE:

Grand-parents raising grandkids


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Figureb8.Children,publicassistanceandpoverty

39%ofSouthValleychildrenliveinpoverty,and45%liveinhouseholdsthatreceiveeitherdisabilityinsurancethroughtheSupplementalSecurityIncome(SSI)program,cashpublicassistanceincome,orFoodStamp/SNAPbenefits.Therateofpublicassistanceis50%higherthanthenationalaverageand40%higherthantheAlbuquerquerate.Ratesofpovertyaremorethan50%higherthanratesinAlbuquerqueandthecountryasawhole.

28.0%

21.9%

31.6%

25.6%

44.7%

39.0%

Inhouseholdwithpublicassistance Inhouseholdwithincomebelowthepovertyline


STRENGTH:

Children are connected to public assistance programs

CHALLENGE:

39% of children live in poverty

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C.TRANSPORTATIONANDHOUSING


Transportation

Figurec1.Householdswithnocaravailable

VeryfewhouseholdsintheSouthValleydonothaveaccesstoacar,only5%,comparedwith7%ofhouseholdsinAlbuquerqueand9%nationally.Althoughsmallasapercentage,989householdsintheSouthValleyhavenocar.

Figurec2.Commutingtimes

SouthValleyworkersarelesslikelythanotherworkersinAlbuquerquetohaveshortcommutestowork,reflectinggreatertraveldistances.

9.1%

6.9%

5.2%


42.9%

63.9%

48.4%

76.5%

40.3%

70.8%

Lessthan20minutes Lessthan30minutes


CHALLENGE:

Distance


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Figurec3.Gettingtowork

SouthValleyresidentsaremorelikelytocarpool,butlesslikelytotakepublictransportationortowalkorbiketowork,comparedwithworkersinAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.Useofpublictransportationandwalkingorbikingareparticularlylow.

Housing

Figurec4.Proportionofhousingbuiltineachdecadefrompre1940topresent

SouthValleyhousingstockisrelativelyold,withmanystructuresdatingtothe1960sorearlier.

9.6%

5.1%

3.4%

9.5%

2.1%

3.4%

11.8%

1.3%1.9%

Carpooled Publictransportajon WalkorbikeUnitedStates Albuquerque SouthValley

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2010orlater

2000-2009

1990-1999

1980to1989

1970to1979

1960to1969

1950to1959

1940to1949

1939orearlier

US Albuquerque SouthValley

CHALLENGE:

Older homes

STRENGTH:

Carpooling

CHALLENGE:

Public transport-ation

CHALLENGE:

Walking and biking safety

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Figurec5.Yearsinsamehome

TheSouthValleyisverystable:nearlyhalfofallresidentshavelivedintheirhomesfor15yearsormore,andonly17%havelivedintheirhomesforlessthan5years.Bycontrast,only27%ofAlbuquerqueresidentshavelivedintheirhomesfor15yearsormore,and29%ofthemhavelivedintheirhomesforlessthan5years.

Figurec6.Homeownership

74%ofSouthValleyhousingunitsareowner-occupied,comparedwith59%ofAlbuquerqueunitsand64%ofunitsnationally.

25%

41%

33.9%29%

44%

26.5%

17%

35%

48.1%

Lessthan5years 5-14years 15yearsormore


64.4%59.3%

74.4%


STRENGTH:

Stability!!!

STRENGTH:

High rates of home ownership


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Figurec7.Homevalues

29%ofSouthValleyhomeswerevaluedatlessthan$100,000inthe2010-2014period.(Valuespriorto2014wereadjustedforinflation.)

Figurec8.Medianhomevalues

SouthValleymedianhomevaluesare30%lowerthanthemedianhomevalueinAlbuquerque.

9.3%

15.6% 16.0% 15.1%18.2%

15.5%

10.3%

5.8% 5.9%

20.0%

24.7%

28.1%

12.6%

2.9%

8.5%

20.9%

30.9%

20.0%

12.1%

5.8%

1.9%

Lessthan$50,000

$50,000to$99,999

$100,000to$149,999

$150,000to$199,999

$200,000to$299,999

$300,000to$499,999

$500,000ormore


$175,700$185,100

$128,200


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Figurec9.Owneroccupiedunitswithoutmortgages

ReflectingthelongtenancyofmanyhomeownersintheSouthValley,40%ofowneroccupiedhousingunitsdonothavemortgages.Thiscompareswith29%inAlbuquerqueand34%nationally.

Figurec10.Medianmonthlyhousingcostsforhomeowners

HousingcostsarelowerintheSouthValley,although...

34.4%

29.2%

39.9%


$1,522

$457

$1,356

$397

$1,101

$312

Montlyownercostwmortgage MontlyownercostwomortgageUnitedStates Albuquerque SouthValley

STRENGTH:

Many home owners have no mortgage payments

STRENGTH:

Low cost housing


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Figurec11.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofhomeowners’income

...notnecessarilymoreaffordable,since42%ofhomeownerswithamortgagespend30%ormoreoftheirhouseholdincomeforhousingexpenses.InAlbuquerqueandnationallyonly34%ofhomeownersspendasmuchasapercentofincome.

ThesituationismuchbetterforSouthValleyhomeownerswithoutamortgage,whoarelesslikelytospend30%ormoreoftheirincomeonhousingexpensesthanthoseinAlbuquerqueandnationally.

Figurec12.Medianrent

SouthValleyrentsarelowerthaninAlbuquerque...

34.2%

15.0%

33.5%

12.2%

41.9%

11.3%

Withmortgage Withoutmortgage


$920

$798$711


CHALLENGE:

Housing affordability

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Figurec13.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofrenters’income

...althoughmanyrenterspay30%ormoreoftheirincomeforhousing.IntheSouthValley,62%ofrentersareinthissituation,comparedwith52%inAlbuquerqueandnationally.

52.3% 52.3%

62.4%



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D.HEALTH

Unlessotherwisenoted,datainthissectionarefromtheNM-Indicator Based Information System (NM-IBIS).

Figured1.Birthweightandteenbirths

Note:Yearsofdataare2014fortheUnitedStates,2009-2014forBernalilloCountyand2009-2013fortheSouthValley.

InfantsborntoSouthValleyresidentsaresimilarintermsoflowbirthweighttoinfantsborninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole,eventhoughtheyaremorelikelytobeborntoteenmothers.TheSouthValleyteenbirthrateis2-½timesthenationalrateandjustbelow2timestheAlbuquerquerate.

28.8

9.1

15.3

9.4

10.9

8.7

Birthsper1,000GirlsAge15-17

LiveInfantsWithLowBirthweight(%)

UnitedStates BernalilloCounty SouthValley

CHALLENGE:

High birth rate for teens

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Figured2.Lifeexpectancyatbirth

Note:Yearsofdataare2012-2014fortheUnitedStatesandBernalilloCountyand2009-2013fortheSouthValley.

LifeexpectancyatbirthforSouthValleyresidents,at78years,isjustslightlybelowaveragelifeexpectancyof79yearsforBernalilloCountyandUnitedStatesresidents.

78.8 78.8 77.5


STRENGTH:

Life expectancy close to Albuquerque and United States averages


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Figured3.DeathsbyCauseper100,000Population(Age-adjusted)

Note:Yearsofdataare2008-2011fortheSouthValley,2012-2014forBernalilloCounty.FortheUnitedStates,yearsofdataare2013fordiabetesandunintentionalinjurymortalityratesand2014forstrokemortality.

AlthoughSouthValleylifeexpectancyisclosetolifeexpectancyforthenationasawhole,mortalityratesfordiabetes,strokeandunintentionalinjuryaremuchhigherintheSouthValleythaninBernalilloCountyandtheUnitedStates.Forexample,deathsduetodiabetesoccurredattherateof31per100,000residentsintheSouthValley,comparedwith21per100,000UnitedStatesresidents.Deathsduetostrokewere50per100,000intheSouthValley,comparedwiththeUnitedStatesrateof36per100,000.Andaccidentaldeathswere68per100,000intheSouthValley,comparedto39per100,000intheUnitedStates.

68.2

50.0

31.2

56.3

34.0

25.7

39.4

36.2

21.2

UnintenjonalInjury

Stroke

Diabetes


CHALLENGE:

Excess mortality, especially due to stroke and accidents

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Figured4.Deathsper100,000population,bycausesrelatedtobehavioralhealth

Note:Yearsofdataare2008-2011fortheSouthValley,2010-2014forBernalilloCounty.FortheUnitedStates,yearsofdataare2010-2014forsuicideanddrugoverdosemortality,and2013foralcohol-relatedmortality.

Formortalityrelatedtobehavioralhealth,theSouthValleyrateofsuicide,at14per100,000population,islowerthanforBernalilloCounty,andjustslightlyhigherthanfortheUnitedStates.MortalityduetodrugoverdoseintheSouthValley,at36per100,000,ismuchhigherthaninBernalilloCountyandtheUnitedStates,wherethereare10and22fewerdeathsper100,000population,respectively.AlcoholrelateddeathsoccurataboutthesamerateintheSouthValleyandBernalilloCounty,at49and51deathsper100,000population.Thisrepresents20additionaldeathscomparedwiththeUnitedStatesasawhole.

Thedifferencesapparentinfiguresd3andd4suggestexcessmortalityforSouthValleyresidents.

51.4

36.4

13.7

49.9

26.9

19.3

29.4

13.8

12.5

Alcohol-Related

DrugOverdose

Suicide


CHALLENGE:

Substance abuse


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Figured5.Percentwithouthealthinsurance

Source:AmericanCommunitySurvey2010-2014.

24%ofallSouthValleyresidentswereuninsuredinthe2010-2014period,comparedwithratesof15%and14%forBernalilloCountyandtheUnitedStates,respectively.UninsuranceratesforSouthValleychildrenaremorethandoubletheratesinAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.TheexpansionofinsurancethoughtheAffordableCareActbeganinJanuaryof2014,soitispossiblethatinsurancerateswillrise.

14.2%

7.1%

15.2%

6.5%

23.9%

15.8%

All Under18yearsofage


CHALLENGE:

Many have no health insurance

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APPENDIX

I.SouthValleyDataGeography

(1)TheAmericanCommunitySurveyreportsdatabyzipcode.Forthissource,theSouthValleyisdefinedasthe87105zipcodearea.

ZipCodeBoundaries

Source:CityofAlbuquerque,http://www.cabq.gov/parksandrecreation/parks/prescription-trails/images/zip-code-map.png/view,accessedonMay11,2016.


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(2)TheNM-Indicator Based Information System (NM-IBIS) reports some data for “Small Areas.” The figures in section D use the most recent data available and average measures for the two Small Areas (10 and 14) that comprise most of the populated areas of the 87105 zip code.

MapofSmallAreas.SouthValleyfiguresarecalculatedastheaveragemeasureforAreas10and14.

Source:NM-IBIShttps://ibis.health.state.nm.us/resource/SmallAreaMethods.html#part2,accessedMarch24,2016.

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II.CorrectionforUndercountofUndocumentedImmigrants

Pewestimatesthat10-15%ofundocumentedimmigrantsdonotrespondtotheCensus.Thisfigurecomesfroma2001studyofundocumentedimmigrantsfromMexico.Pewestimatedthat27.7%oftheimmigrantpopulationwasundocumentedin2011.

TheACSestimatedthattherewere9,605immigrantsintheSouthValley.Wewanttoincreasethatnumberby15%oftheundocumentedimmigrants.TheACSdoesnotaskaboutimmigrationstatus,butfromthePewestimateweknowthatthepercentofundocumentedimmigrantsis27.7%ofallimmigrants.To“solve”forthenumberofundocumentedimmigrants,weset27.7%equalto1.15timestheunknownnumberofundocumentedimmigrantsdividedbyrespondingimmigrantsplustheadditional15%ofnon-respondingundocumentedimmigrants.Wecanthensolveforthenumberofundocumentedimmigrants,whichwefindtobe2,401.TheACSthusmissed15%ofthisnumber,or360.

Isthisaplausiblenumber?Itisifwebelievethat85%ofundocumentedworkersrespondtotheCensus.Thentheundercountis15%ofthe27.7%ofimmigrantswhoareundocumented,whichisaboutatotalofa4%undercountofallimmigrants.

Source:PewResearchCenter,“UnauthorizedImmigrants:HowPewResearchCountsThemandWhatWeKnowAboutThem,”April17,2013,http://www.pewresearch.org/2013/04/17/unauthorized-immigrants-how-pew-research-counts-them-and-what-we-know-about-them/,accessedMay11,2016

Documents

SOUTH VALLEY DATA ATLAS - University of New Mexico