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Southern AfricanDatabaseKey facts and figures about the region
Compiled by the Critical Choices Research Project at the Institute for the Study ofPublic Policy at the University of Cape Town.
Contact Project Director Minnie Venter at tel/fax (012) 644-296 or 683-1087
This database is distributed on the Internet by The Weekly Mail & Guardian,South Africa’s leading International Newspaper with a full Internet subscriptionservice
Contact us via email at [email protected]
or via the WWW at http://www.is.co.za/services/wmail/wmail.html
☛
Table 12
Money and interest rates1965-80
31980-90
31965
31980
31990
31980-90
31980
31990
31980
31990
3
Mozam
bique..
....
....
36,5..
....
..
Tanzania19,7
21,5..
37,2..
25,74,0
17,011,5
31,0M
alawi
15,418,1
17,620,5
..14,7
7,912,1
16,721,0
Zambia
12,728,9
1..
32,630,6
242,3
7,011,4
9,518,4
Lesotho..
17,8..
..39,8
13,09,60
213,0
11,020,4
Zimbabw
e..
18,11
..54,6
154,0
10,83,5
8,817,5
11,7B
otswana
..25,9
..30,7
32,012,1
5,06,1
8,57,9
Angola
....
....
....
....
....
Nam
ibia..
....
....
13,2..
....
..South
Africa14,0
16,658,8
50,956,2
14,45,5
18,99,5
21,0
1. World Developm
ent Report 1991 (for the years 1980-89)2. W
orld Development Report 1990 (for the year 1988)
3. W
orld Developm
ent Report
1992
Co
un
try
Ave
rag
ea
nn
ua
lin
flatio
n
Mo
ne
tary h
old
ing
s bro
ad
ly de
fine
dN
ominal interest rate of banks
(average annual percentage)
Average annual
no
min
al g
row
thrate (per cent)
Average outstanding as a
percentage of GD
PD
eposit rateL
en
din
g ra
te
Table 11
Gro
wth
an
d co
nsu
mp
tion
an
d in
vestm
en
t
1965-801980-90
1965-801980-90
1965-801980-90
Mozam
bique..
–0,9..
0,8..
1,8
Tanzaniaa
8,44,5
3,36,2
0,3
Malaw
i5,7
6,23,5
2,29,0
–2,4
Zambia
5,1–4,1
–2,77,8
–3,6–3,6
Lesotho12,4
2,29,9
1,717,8
5,6
Zimbabw
e10,6
8,95,1
2,60,9
–0,8
Botsw
ana12,0
12,510,2
6,821,0
0,4
Angola
....
....
....
Nam
ibia..
4,3..
1,1..
–7,0
South Africa
5,73,4
4,01,7
4,7–4,3
a.General consum
ption figures are not available separately; they are included in private consumption, etc.
Source: W
orld Developm
ent Report
1992
Average annual grow
th rate (per cent)
Ge
ne
ral g
ove
rnm
en
tco
nsu
mp
tion
Priva
te co
nsu
mp
tion
,etc.
Gro
ss do
me
sticin
vestm
en
tC
ou
ntry
Table 10
Co
mm
ercia
l en
erg
y
1965-804
1980-904
1965-804
1980-904
19654
19904
19654
19904
Mozam
bique19,8
–43,22,2
2,48
18
513,0
2,0
Tanzania7,3
3,23,7
2,03
73
810
24,0
Malaw
i18,2
4,48,0
1,02
54
17,0
17,0Zam
bia25,7
1,74,0
1,1464
3796
26
3
Lesotho..
0,01
..0,0
10
0a
aZim
babwe
-0,73,8
5,21,2
441525
72
0,0B
otswana
8,82,6
9,53,1
191425
aa
Angola
19,912,5
5,32,5
114203
2,01,0
Nam
ibia..
....
....
..a
aSouth
Africa5,1
4,34,3
3,11
7442
44710,0
a1,0
a
1.W
orld Developm
ent Report
1991 (for
the years
1980-89)
2.W
orld Developm
ent Report
19903. W
orld Development Report 1990 (for the year 1988)
4. W
orld Developm
ent Report
1992
a.Figures for SACU are included in South African data; trade am
ong component territories are excluded.
En
erg
y cinsu
mp
tion
per capita(kilo
gra
ms o
f oil
req
uire
me
nt)
Average annual grow
th rate %
En
erg
y con
sum
ptio
nE
ne
rgy p
rod
uctio
n
Energy im
ports aspercentage of
me
rcha
nd
ise e
xpo
rtsC
ou
ntry
Table 9
Stru
cture
of m
an
ufa
cturin
g
19704
19894
19704
19894
19704
19894
19704
19894
19704
19894
19704
19894
Mozam
bique..
..5
1..
13
..5
..3
..2
8..
Tanzania118
2123
632
12
82
35
91
46
26
30
Malaw
i..
1825
133
11
72
13
31
10
17
20
26
Zambia
1811
5884
94
09
13
58
10
11
27
28
Lesotho3
49
....
263
203*
03
..0
3..
633
683*
Zimbabw
e293
1384
24
31
16
16
91
01
11
14
0B
otswana
5155
..5.4
2..
102
....
..6
2..
302
Angola
..308
....
....
....
....
....
Nam
ibia..
80
....
....
....
....
....
South Africa
3892
19937
15
13
13
81
71
81
01
14
54
9
1.W
orld Developm
ent Report
1990 (for
the year
1987)2.
World
Development
Report 1991
(for the
year 1988)
3.W
orld Developm
ent Report
19883*.
World developm
ent Report 1988 (for the year 1985)4.
World
Development
Report 1992
a.Refers
to wood
and related
productsPaper
and related
productsPetroleum
and
related products
Basic m
etals and
mineral
productsFabricated
metal
products and
professional and
otherindustries
Distribution of m
anufacturing value added (per cent current prices)
Fo
od
,beverages and
tob
acco
Value added in
ma
nu
factu
ring
(millio
ns o
fcu
rren
t do
llars)
Co
un
tryTextiles and
cloth
ing
Ma
chin
ery a
nd
tran
spo
rte
qu
ipm
en
tC
he
mica
lsO
the
r a
Table 8
Ag
ricultu
re a
nd
foo
d
19701
19901
19741
19901
1974/751
1989/901
1970/711
1989/901
1988-90
Moazam
bique..
8546
2416
34
4932
28
81
Tanzania483
1,444431
73
1482
23
19
38
8
Malaw
i119
5541
7115
0175
52
2278
3
Zambia
191521
93
1005
37
3166
103
Lesotho2
383
24
89
71
43
01
0144
86
Zimbabw
e214
6885
68
30
13
446604
94
Botsw
ana2
87
52
18
75
51
57
75
Angola
..997
149272
0113
33
74
81
Nam
ibia..
187..
....
4..
..9
3
South Africa
1,2924,594
127876
....
422575
87
1.W
orld Developm
ent Report
19922.
World
Development
Report 1991
Fe
rtiliser co
nsu
mp
-tio
n (h
un
dre
ds o
fgram
s of plantnutrient per hectare
of arable ground
Ave
rag
eindexes of
foo
dp
rod
uc-
tion
pe
rca
pita
Food aid in cereals
(tho
usa
nd
s of m
etric
ton
ne
s)
Ce
rea
l imp
orts
(tho
usa
nd
s of m
etric
ton
ne
s)
Value added ina
gricu
lture
(millio
ns o
f do
llars)
Co
un
try
Table 7
Stru
cture
of p
rod
uctio
n
19651
19901
19651
19901
19912
19651
19901
19912
19651
19901
19651
19901
19912
Mozam
bique–
1,3206
54
–1
51
5–
––
21
21
Tanzania790
2060
46
59
–1
41
2–
81
04
02
9–
Malaw
i220
1660
50
33
35
13
20
20
–1
43
74
64
5
Zambia
1060
3120
14
17
16
54
55
47
64
33
22
93
7
Lesotho5
0340
65
24
14
53
03
81
14
30
46
48
Zimbabw
e960
5310
18
13
20
35
40
32
20
26
47
47
49
Botsw
ana5
02
7003
43
51
95
75
41
26
47
40
41
Angola
–7
700–
13
––
44
––
4–
43
–
Nam
ibia–
––
11
10
–3
82
8–
5–
50
62
South Africa
10170
90720
10
55
41
44
44
24
26
48
51
51
1. W
orld Developm
ent Report
1992
2. W
orld Bank
Report 1993
(Mhone:Population
Growth)
Co
un
try
GD
P(m
illion
s of
Rands)
Distrib
utio
n o
f gro
ss do
me
stic pro
du
ct(per cent)
Ag
ricultu
reIn
du
stryM
an
ufa
c-tu
ring
Se
rvices
Table 6
Gro
wth
of p
rod
uctio
n
19891
1980-903
19901
1965-803
1980-903
1965-803
1980-903
1965-803
1980-903
1965-803
1980-903
Mozam
bique5,3
–0,71,5
..1,3
..–4,1
....
..–3,2
Tanzania3,3
2,83,0
1,64,1
4,20,0
5,6-0,4
10,81,3
Malaw
i4,1
2,94,8
4,12,0
6,43,0
..3,6
6,73,5
Zambia
0,10,8
–1,92,2
3,72,1
0,75,3
3,51,8
0,2
Lesotho–2,1
3,14,1
..-0,7
..2,9
..13,5
..5,6
Zimbabw
e4,5
2,92,0
..2,4
..2,4
..2,8
..3,4
Botsw
ana6,3
11,38,3
9,7–4,0
24,013,0
13,55,3
11,511,9
Angola
0,6..
....
–0,5..
12,6..
–4,6..
..
Nam
ibia0,6
0,40,4
..–1,0
..–2,0
..1,4
..3,0
South Africa
3,72
1,31,3
3,02,6
3,00,0
5,6-0,1
4,72,4
1.SADCC
Annual Progress
Report (1990-1991)
Backgrounder no
6
2.W
orld Developm
ent Report
1992 (for
the years
1965-80)3,
World
Development
Report 1992
Co
un
try
Annual grow
th rate (per cent)
GD
PA
gricu
lture
Ind
ustry
Ma
nu
factu
ring
Se
rvices
Co
un
tryA
verage rateo
f infla
tion
(per cent)LE
BY
†
Ad
ult lite
racy
%
Fem
ale
Po
pu
la-
tion
(mil-
lion
s)
Are
a
GN
P per capita
Do
llars
AA
GR
*To
tal
Table 5
Basic indicators
19901
km
˝1989
61990
11991
11980-91
71965-80
11980-90
11990
19902
19901
19901
Mozam
bique15,7
8028
08
08
0–1,1
..36,6
40,54
87
967
1
Tanzania24,5
945130
110..
–0,21
9,6
25,816,5
53
....
Malaw
i8,5
118180
200230
0,17,4
14,79
47
69,24
58,84
Zambia
8,1753
390420
..–1,9
16,3
42,2100
53
35
27
Lesotho1,8
30
470530
580–0,5
6,712,7
15
563
15,54
26,44
Zimbabw
e9,8
391650
640650
–0,25,8
10,82
56
34
03
3B
otswana
1,3582
1600
2040
2530
5,68,4
12,012,6
673
35
26
Angola
10,01
247610
....
2,92
....
6,14
571,5
558,3
5
Nam
ibia1,8
8241
030..
1460
–1,2..
13,41
76
029,2
527,5
5
South Africa
35,91
2212
4702
5302
5600,7
10,314,4
15,76
1..
..
*AAGR
= Average
Annual Growth
Rate†
Life expectancy
birth (years)
1.W
orld Developm
ent Report
1992 (for
1965-90)2.
U.S. and
Africa Statistical
Handbook3.
World
Development
Report 1992
(for 1990)
4.Africa South of the Sahara 1993 (UNESCO) for 1985
5.Africa South of the Sahara 1993 (UNESCO) FOR 1990
6.SADDC
Annual Progress
Report 1989-90
7. W
orld Bank Report 1993 (Mhone)
8.CIA W
orld Fact Book 1992
Table 9
Structure of manufacturing
19704 19894 19704 19894 19704 19894 19704 19894 19704 19894 19704 19894
M o z a m b i q u e . . . . 5 1 . . 1 3 . . 5 . . 3 . . 2 8 . .
Tanzan ia 1 1 8 2 1 2 3 6 3 2 1 2 8 2 3 5 9 1 4 6 2 6 3 0M a l a w i . . 1 8 2 5 1 3 3 1 1 7 2 1 3 3 1 1 0 1 7 2 0 2 6Z a m b i a 1 8 1 1 5 8 8 4 9 4 0 9 1 3 5 8 1 0 1 1 2 7 2 8
L e s o t h o 3 4 9 . . . . 2 6 3 2 0 3 * 0 3 . . 0 3 . . 6 3 3 6 8 3 *
Z i m b a b w e 2 9 3 1 3 8 4 2 4 3 1 1 6 1 6 9 1 0 1 1 1 1 4 0B o t s w a n a 5 1 5 5 . . 5 . 4 2 . . 1 0 2 . . . . . . 6 2 . . 3 0 2
A n g o l a . . 3 0 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N a m i b i a . . 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .South Africa 3 8 9 2 1 9 9 3 7 1 5 1 3 1 3 8 1 7 1 8 1 0 1 1 4 5 4 9
1 . World Development Report 1990 (for the year 1987)2 . World Development Report 1991 (for the year 1988)3 . World Development Report 19883 * . World development Report 1988 (for the year 1985)4 . World Development Report 1992
a . Refers to wood and related productsPaper and related productsPetroleum and related productsBasic metals and mineral productsFabricated metal products and professional and other
indus t r i es
Distribution of manufacturing value added (per cent current prices)
Food,beverages and
tobacco
Value added inmanufacturing
(millions ofcurrent dollars)
Country Textiles andclothing
Machinery andtransport
equipmentChemicals Othera
Table 1
The geography of the southern African region I
A n g o l a 1 246 700 1 246 700 5 198 1 6 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 N E G L 2 3 4 3 3 2B o t s w a n a 600 370 585 370 4 013 – – – 2 0 7 5 2 2 1
L e s o t h o 30 350 30 350 9 0 9 – – – 1 0 0 6 6 0 2 4M a l a w i 118 480 94 080 2 881 – – – 2 5 N E G L 2 0 5 0 5M o z a m b i q u e 801 590 784 090 4 571 2 470 2 0 0 1 2 4 N E G L 5 6 2 0 2 0
N a m i b i a 824 290 823 290 3 935 1 489 2 0 0 1 2 1 N E G L 6 4 2 2 1 3South Africa 1 221 040 1 221 040 4 973 2 881 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 6 5 3 2 1S w a z i l a n d 17 360 17 200 5 3 5 – – – 8 N E G L 6 7 6 1 9
Tanzan ia 945 090 886 040 3 402 1 424 2 0 0 1 2 5 1 4 0 4 7 7Z a m b i a 752 610 740 720 5 664 – – – 7 N E G L 4 7 2 7 1 9Z i m b a b w e 390 580 3 0 6 6 0 0 3 0 6 6 – – – 7 N E G L 1 2 6 2 1 9
Source: Central Intelligence Agency (1992)
Maritime claim
Exclu-sive
fishingecono-
miczone(nm)
Forestand
wood-land
%Other
%
Arableland
%
Territo-rial sea
(nm)
Coast-line(km)
Land area(km2)
Total area(km2)Country
Land use
Landbounda-
ries(km)
Perma-nentcrops
%
Mea-dowsandpas-tures
%
Untitled-4 11/18/94, 10:09 AM1
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
30 September 1966 (from UK;formerly Bechuanaland)
4 October 1966 (from UK)
6 July 1964 (from UK; formerlyNyasa l and )
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
21 March 1990 (from South Africanm a n d a t e )
31 May 1910 (from UK); 27 April1994, first democratic elections toinclude all citizens
6 September 1968 (from UK)
Tanganyika became independent 9December 1961 (from UN trustee-ship under British administration);Zanzibar became independent 19December 1963 (from UK); Tanga-nyika united with Zanzibar 26 April1964 to form the United Republic ofTanganyika and Zanzibar; renamedUnited Republic of Tanzania 29October 1964
24 October 1964 (from UK)
8 April 1980 (from UK)
Based on Portuguese civil lawsystem and customary law;recently modified toaccommodate multipartyismand increased use of freem a r k e t s
Based on Roman-Dutch lawand local customary law;judicial review limited tomatters of interpretation; hasnot accepted compulsory ICJjurisdiction
Based on English common lawand Roman-Dutch law; judicialreview of legislative acts inHigh Court and Court ofAppeal; has not acceptedcompulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Based on English common lawand customary law; judicialreview of legislative acts in theSupreme Court of Appeal; hasnot accepted compulsory ICJjurisdiction
Based on Portuguese civil lawsystem and customary law
Based on Roman-Dutch lawand 1990 constitution
Based on Roman-Dutch lawand English common law;accepts compulsory ICJjurisdiction, with reservations
Based on South AfricanRoman-Dutch law in statutorycourts, Swazi traditional lawand custom in traditionalcourts; has not acceptedcompulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Based on English commonlaw; judicial review oflegislative acts
Based on English common lawand customary law; judicialreview of legislative acts in anad hoc constitutional council;has not accepted compulsoryICJ jurisdiction
Mixture of Roman-Dutch andEnglish common law
President, prime minister,chairman of the Council ofMinisters, Council of Ministers(Cabine t )
President, vice-president,C a b i n e t
Monarch, chairman of theMilitary Council, MilitaryCouncil, Council of Ministers(Cabine t )
President, Cabinet
President, prime minister,C a b i n e t
President, Cabinet
State president, two deputyp r e s i d e n t s
Monarch, prime minister,C a b i n e t
President, first vice-presidentand prime minister of theunion, second vice-presidentand president of Zanzibar,C a b i n e t
President, Cabinet
Executive president,2 vice-presidents, Cabinet
Unicameral People’s Assembly(Assembleia do Provo)
Bicameral National Assemblyconsists of an upper house orHouse of Chiefs and a lower houseor National Assembly
None – the bicameral parliamentwas dissolved following the militarycoup in January 1986; note – aNational Constituent Assemblyconvened in June 1990 to rewritethe constitution and debate issuesof national importance, but it has nolegislative authority
Unicameral National Assembly
Unicameral Assembly of theRepublic (Assembléia da República)
Bicameral; House of Review (upperhouse, to be established withelections in late 1992 by plannednew regional authorities); NationalAssembly (lower house elected byuniversal suffrage)
Bicameral parliament; a NationalAssembly and a Senate in aConstitutional Assembly. Provincialprime ministers
Bicameral parliament is advisoryand consists of an upper house orSenate and a lower house or Houseof Assembly
Unicameral National Assembly( B u n g e )
Unicameral National Assembly
Unicameral parliament
Supreme Court(Tribunal)
High Court, Courtof Appeal
High Court, Courtof Appeal
High Court,Supreme Court ofA p p e a l
People’s Courts atall levels
Supreme Court
Const i tu t iona lCourt, SupremeCourt and AppealC o u r t
High Court, Courtof Appeal
Court of Appeal,High Court
Supreme Court
Supreme Court
L u a n d a
G a b o r o n e
M a s e r u
L i l o n g w e
M a p u t o
W i n d h o e k
Pre to r i a(adminis t ra t ive) ;Cape Town(legislative);B l o e m f o n t e i n(judicial)
M b a b a n e
Dar es Salaam;s o m eg o v e r n m e n toffices have beentransferred toDodoma, whichis planned as thenew nationalcapital by the endof the 1990s
L u s a k a
H a r a r e
In transition from a one-party Marxist state to amultiparty democracy with astrong presidential system
Parliament republic
Constitutional monarch
One-party state
R e p u b l i c
R e p u b l i c
R e p u b l i c
Monarchy; independentmember of Commonwealth
R e p u b l i c
Multiparty system; on 17December 1990, PresidentKenneth Kaunda signed intolaw the constitutionalamendment that officiallyreintroduced the multipartysystem in Zambia ending 17years of one-party rule
Parliamentary democracy
A n g o l a
B o t s w a n a
L e s o t h o
M a l a w i
M o z a m b i q u e
N a m i b i a
South Africa
S w a z i l a n d
Tanzan i a
Z a m b i a
Z i m b a b w e
Country
Table 3
Government structures
Type CapitalAdministrative
divisions
18 provinces (províncias,singular-província)
10 districts
10 districts
24 districts
10 provinces
The former administrativestructure of 26 districts hasbeen abolished and 14temporary regions are stillbeing determined
9 provinces as per interimconstitution (in transition)
4 districts
25 regions
9 provinces
8 provinces
IndependenceExecutive
branchLegal systemLegislative
branch Judicial branch
Table 18
Balance of payments and reserves
19702 19902 19702 19902 19702 19902 19702 19902 19902
M o z a m b i q ue – –335a – –784 – 4 5 a – – –
Tanzan ia –36 –426 –37 –955 – 0 6 5 1 9 3 1 , 4M a l a w i –35 –80 –46 –162 –4 – 2 9 1 4 2 2 , 4Z a m b i a 1 0 8 –343 1 0 7 –490 –48 –23 5 1 5 2 0 1 0 , 9
L e s o t h o 1 8 a 9 7 –1a –148 2 9 a 3 9 1 – 7 2 1 , 2Z i m b a b w e –14a –158 –26a –266 – – 5 9 2 9 5 1 , 5B o t s w a n a –30a 1 3 7 –35a –179 –9a –41 – 3 3 8 5 1 7 , 0
A n g o l a – –201a – –201a – – – – –N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – –South Africa –1 215 2 2 5 3 –1 253 2 2 4 3 – – 1 0 5 7 2 5 8 3 1 , 2
S o u r c e s :
1. World Bank (1991): for the year 1989
2. World Bank (1992)
Current account balance(millions of dollars)
Afterofficial transfers
Beforeofficial transfers
Net workerremittances(millions of
dollars)
Gross international reserves
Millions of dollars
In monthsof importcoverage
Country
a World Bank estimate
Untitled-10 11/18/94, 10:21 AM317
Table 17
OECD* imports of manufactured goods: origin and composition
M o z a m b i q u e 7 1 6 5 7 1 5 0 3 7Tanzan ia 9 4 7 6 0 2 1 2 3 6M a l a w i 1 1 4 8 1 0 5 1 1 4Z a m b i a 4 4 1 2 7 1 0 4 6 8L e s o t h o a – – – – – – –Z i m b a b w e 0 2 7 9 1 9 0 1 1 7 8B o t s w a n a a – – – – – – –A n g o l a 2 2 7 3 0 0 0 2 9 8N a m i b i aa – – – – – – –South Africaa 3 2 5 3 2 3 6 5 1 6 2 3 7 5
Source: World Bank (1992)
Value of imports of manufactures,by origins (millions of dollars)
Composition of 1990 imports of manufactures%Country
Transportequipment
OthersTextiles and
clothingChemicals1970 1990
Electricalmachinery
andelectronics
* Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (Australia, Austria, Belgium,Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America)
a Figures are for the Southern African Customs Union (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho,Botswana and Swaziland; trade among component territories is excluded).
Untitled-10 11/18/94, 10:21 AM316
Table 16
Structure of merchandise exports
19653 19903 19653 19903 19653 19903 19653 19903 19653 19903
M o z a m b i q u e 1 4 9 2 8 4 4 3 2 0 1 2 2 4 7 2 1 0 2
Tanzan ia 1 5 8 6 8 4 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 3M a l a w i 0 0 9 9 9 5 0 0 1 5 0 3Z a m b i a 9 7 1 9 2 2 3 1 3 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 0 2
L e s o t h o a – – – – – – – – – –Z i m b a b w e 2 4 1 7 2 4 7 4 0 2 6 1 2 2 3 4 3 2 6 3 2
B o t s w a n a a – – – – – – – – – –
A n g o l a 6 8 2 7 6 5 1 0 2 1 7 1 2 0 0 2
N a m i b i aa – – – – – – – – – –South Africaa 2 4 1 4 4 4 1 2 3 3 2 9 7 1 1 1
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1990)
2 . World Bank (1991): for the year 1989
3 . World Bank (1992)
Percentage share of merchandise exports
Fuels, minerals and metals
Other primarycommodities
Machinery andtransport
equipment
Othermanufactures
Textiles andclothingCountry
a Figures are for the Southern African Customs Union(South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Botswana andSwaziland; trade among component territories isexc luded) .
Untitled-10 11/18/94, 10:21 AM315
Food FuelsOther primarycommodities
Machinery andequipment
Othermanufactures
Percentage share of merchandise imports
Country
Table 15
Structure of merchandise imports
19653 19903 19653 19903 19653 19903 19653 19903 19653 19903
M o z a m b i q ue 1 7 3 5 8 1 4 7 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 2 6 4
Tanzan ia 7 7 4 9 3 1 2 2 4 0 3 5 4 2 2 5M a l a w i 1 5 7 5 1 3 3 3 2 1 2 9 5 7 4 7Z a m b i a 9 1 7 2 1 0 1 9 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 8 2 4 5 1 4 6 2
L e s o t h o a – – – – – – – – – –Z i m b a b w e 7 3 0 1 6 4 5 4 1 3 7 4 7 3 8B o t s w a n a a – – – – – – – – – –
A n g o l a 1 7 1 4 2 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 5 4 4 3N a m i b i aa – – – – – – – – – –South Africaa 5 6 5 1 1 1 5 4 2 4 1 3 7 4 8
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1990)2 . World Bank {1990): for the year 19883 . World Bank (1992)4 . World Bank (1991): for the year 1989
a Figures are for the Southern African Customs Union(South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Botswana andSwaziland; trade among component territories isexc luded) .
Untitled-10 11/18/94, 10:21 AM314
Merchandise trade(millions of dollars)
Exports ImportsExportsImportsCountry
Terms of trade(1987 = 100)
Table 14
Growth of merchandise trade
19904 19904 1965-803 1980-903 1965-803 1980-903 19653 19903
M o z a m b i q u e 1 1 7 8 7 0 – –12,61 – 0 , 4 1 9 4 1 9 1 1
Tanzan ia 4 7 8 1 5 0 0 –4,2 –7,4 1 , 6 –0,5 1 0 1 1 0 8
M a l a w i 3 9 0 5 6 0 5 , 1 4 , 3 3 , 3 0 , 7 1 0 4 9 3Z a m b i a 1 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 –0,71 –3,21 –7,61 –4,51 7 1 1 9 0 1
L e s o t h o a 5 9 6 0 4 – – – – – –
Z i m b a b w e 1 8 0 0 1 6 0 0 3 , 4 2 3 , 1 1 –1,82 –7,41 1 0 0 9 5 1
B o t s w a n a a 1 8 0 0 1 6 0 0 – – – – – –A n g o l a 3 9 0 0 1 5 0 0 – – – – – –
N a m i b i aa 1 0 2 1 8 9 4 – – – – – –South Africaa 2 4 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 7 , 8 1 , 7 –0,1 –3,7 1 0 5 9 3
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1991): for the years 1980-892 . World Bank (1990): for the year 19883 . World Bank (1992)4 . Central Intelligence Agency (1992)
Average annual growth%
a Figures for Southern African Customs Union members;trade among the component territories is excluded,except for columns ‘Merchandise trade Exports/Imports(1990) ’
Untitled-10 11/18/94, 10:21 AM313
Table 13
South African trade with southern African countries (1990) (in rands)
Country Imports from Exports to
A n g o l a 5 9 4 6 8 4 9 5 5 1 6 1 2Tanzan ia 2 5 8 0 0 2 7 1 0 3 1 9 2 5 5
M a l a w i 8 1 1 3 0 4 0 3 3 7 8 3 0 9 1 4 7M o z a m b i q u e 3 0 3 8 8 1 9 9 4 3 2 1 5 0 6 3 9Z a m b i a 6 5 8 1 5 7 6 4 9 4 3 4 9 6 7 9
Z i m b a b w e 4 4 1 5 5 2 8 1 9 1 0 6 1 8 0 1 2 5 5B o t s w a n a a 3 1 1 8 0 2 4 1 6 8 7 8 4L e s o t h o b 1 0 1 6 9 8 1 8 0 2 2 1 6
N a m i b i ac 9 2 1 7 0 0 2 5 2 9 0 4 0S w a z i l a n d 5 5 6 8 1 5 1 5 4 8 1 5 4
a 1989 figureb Origin of import figures for Lesotho after 1985 have not yet been published. The figure for South African exports to that country
is thus an approximation (90% of Lesotho’s total imports). Between 1981 and 1985, South Africa supplied between 95 and 97%of Lesotho’s imports.
c No direction of trade figures are available for Namibia, which only began collecting its own statistics in 1990. The figures are‘guestimates’, assuming that around a third of total exports would have gone to South Africa and that at least 80% of importswould have come from that country.
Source: Davies & Nkuhlu (1993)
Untitled-10 11/18/94, 10:21 AM312
Table 24
Official development assistance: receipts
(All loans and grants made on concessional financial terms by all bilateral and multilateral agencies and sources to promoteeconomic development)
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1990 1990
M o z a m b i q u e 2 5 9 3 0 0 4 2 2 6 5 1 8 9 3 7 7 2 9 4 6 6 0 , 2 6 5 , 7Tanzan ia 5 5 8 4 8 7 6 8 1 8 8 2 9 8 2 9 2 0 1 1 5 5 4 7 , 1 4 8 , 2M a l a w i 1 5 8 1 1 3 1 9 8 2 8 0 3 6 6 4 1 2 4 7 9 5 6 , 3 2 5 , 7
Z a m b i a 2 3 9 3 2 8 4 6 4 4 3 0 4 7 8 3 9 2 4 3 8 5 4 , 0 1 4 , 0L e s o t h o 1 0 1 9 4 8 8 1 0 7 1 0 8 1 2 7 1 3 8 7 8 , 0 2 4 , 5Z i m b a b w e 2 9 8 2 3 7 2 2 5 2 9 4 2 7 3 2 6 5 3 4 3 3 5 , 0 5 , 5
B o t s w a n a 1 0 2 9 6 1 0 2 1 5 6 1 5 1 1 6 0 1 4 8 1 1 8 , 2 5 , 5A n g o l a 9 5 9 2 1 3 1 1 3 5 1 5 9 1 4 8 2 1 2 2 1 , 2 –N a m i b i a 0 6 1 5 1 7 2 2 5 9 5 7 3 2 , 0 –
South Africa – – – – – – – – –
Source: World Bank (1992)
Net disbursement of official development assistance (ODA) from all sources
Millions of dollars Per capitadollars
As a % ofGNP
Untitled-11 11/18/94, 10:23 AM323
Table 23
Central government current revenue
19722 19902 19722 19902 19722 19902 19722 19902 19722 19902 19722 19902 19722 19902
M o z a m b i q u e – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Tanzan ia 2 9 , 9 2 5 , 81 0 , 0 0 , 0 1 2 9 , 1 5 7 , 41 2 1 , 7 8 , 6 1 0 , 5 3 , 1 1 1 8 , 8 5 , 1 1 1 5 , 8 1 5 , 21
M a l a w i a 3 1 , 4 3 5 , 0 0 , 0 0 , 0 2 4 , 2 3 3 , 2 2 0 , 0 1 7 , 7 0 , 5 1 , 2 2 3 , 8 1 2 , 9 1 6 , 0 2 3 , 7Z a m b i aa 4 9 , 7 3 8 , 1 0 , 0 0 , 0 2 0 , 2 3 7 , 0 1 4 , 3 1 5 , 8 0 , 1 4 , 9 1 5 , 6 4 , 2 2 3 , 2 1 1 , 9
L e s o t h o 1 4 , 3 1 2 , 4 0 , 0 0 , 0 2 , 0 2 2 , 8 6 2 , 9 5 4 , 5 9 , 5 0 , 2 1 1 , 3 1 0 , 2 1 1 , 7 2 1 , 2Z i m b a b w e – 4 4 , 9 – 0 , 0 – 2 6 , 3 – 1 7 , 5 – 1 , 1 – 1 0 , 1 – 3 5 , 6B o t s w a n a a 2 0 , 1 3 8 , 6 0 , 0 0 , 0 1 , 4 1 , 5 4 7 , 7 1 3 , 2 0 , 4 0 , 1 3 0 , 3 4 6 , 6 3 0 , 4 6 0 , 9
A n g o l a – – – – – – – – – – – – – –N a m i b i a – 4 2 , 7 – 0 , 0 – 2 8 , 5 – 1 6 , 4 – 1 , 1 – 1 1 , 3 – 4 3 , 6South Africa 5 4 , 8 3 6 , 5 1 8 , 6 1 3 , 6 3 2 , 2 5 6 , 0 1 3 , 6 4 , 6 –8,5 –18,3 6 , 8 7 , 7 1 0 , 1 1 4 , 9
Country
Percentage of total current revenue
Tax revenue
Taxes onincome
profit andcapital gains
Socialsecuritycontri-butions
Domestic ongoods and
services
Taxes oninternational
trade andtransactions
Othertaxes*
Non-taxrevenue
Totalcurrentrevenue
as apercentage
of GNP
S o u r c e s :
1. World Bank (1990): for the year 19882. World Bank (1992)
* Interest payments and items not included elsewherea Data are for budgetary accounts only
Untitled-11 11/18/94, 10:23 AM322
Table 22
Central government expenditure
19723 19903 19723 19903 19723 19903 19723 19903 19723 19903 19723 19903 19723 19903 19723 19903
M o z a m b i q u e – – – – – 1 ,4 4 – – – – – – – – – –
Tan zania 1 , 9 1 3 ,8 2 1 7 ,3 1 1 7 , 3 7 ,2 2 7 , 2 2 ,1 2 2 , 1 3 9 , 0 – 2 2 , 6 4 8 ,6 1 1 9 , 7 2 3 ,9 1 –5,0 –M a l a w i 3 , 1 5 , 4 1 5 , 8 8 , 8 5 , 5 7 , 4 5 , 8 3 , 2 3 3 , 1 3 5 , 0 3 6 , 7 4 0 , 2 2 2 , 1 2 9 , 2 –6,2 –1,9Z a m b i a 0 , 0 0 , 0 1 9 , 0 8 , 6 7 , 4 7 , 4 1 , 3 2 , 0 2 6 , 7 2 4 , 8 4 5 , 7 5 7 , 2 3 4 , 0 2 1 , 9 –13 ,8 –5,0
L e s o t h o 0 , 0 9 , 9 1 9 , 5 1 5 , 2 8 , 0 7 , 4 6 , 5 2 , 4 2 4 , 5 2 7 , 4 4 1 , 5 3 7 , 6 1 6 , 6 2 5 , 1 –0,9 –2,8Z i m b a b w e – 1 6 , 5 – 2 3 , 4 – 7 , 6 – 3 , 9 – 2 2 , 4 – 2 6 , 2 – 4 0 , 5 – –7,9B o t s w a n a a 0 , 0 1 1 , 6 1 0 , 0 2 0 , 2 6 , 0 4 , 8 2 1 , 7 1 0 , 6 2 8 , 0 2 0 , 9 3 4 , 5 3 2 , 0 3 3 , 7 4 2 , 2 –23 ,8 1 2 , 6
A n g o l a – – – 1 3 ,8 4 – 1 ,8 4 – – – – – – – – – –N am i b ia – 5 , 5 – 2 0 , 8 – 1 1 , 1 – 1 5 , 0 – 1 4 , 4 – 3 3 , 2 – 4 2 , 8 – 7 , 0South Africa – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 , 7 3 4 , 6 –4,4 –2,5
Totalexpenditure
aspercentage
of GNP
Overallsurplus/deficitas %
of GNPDefence Education Health Housing
etc.*Economicservices
Other†
Percentage of total expenditure
S o u r c e s :
1. World Bank (1988)2. World Bank (1988): for the year 19863. World Bank (1992)4. United Nations Development Programme (1993)
* Housing, amenities, social security and welfare† Interest payments and items not included elsewherea Data are for budgetary accounts only
Untitled-11 11/18/94, 10:23 AM321
Table 21
Structure of household consumption
M o z a m b i q u e – – – – – – – – – – –
Tanzan ia 6 4 3 2 1 0 8 3 3 3 2 0 1 0 3
M a l a w i 5 5 2 8 5 1 2 2 3 4 7 2 1 5 3
Z a m b i a 3 7 8 1 0 1 1 5 7 1 3 5 1 1 6 1
L e s o t h o – – – – – – – – – – –
Z i m b a b w e 4 0 9 1 1 1 3 5 4 7 6 1 2 0 3
B o t s w a n a 3 5 1 3 8 1 5 5 4 9 8 2 2 2 7
A n g o l a – – – – – – – – – – –
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – – –
South Africa 3 4 – 7 1 2 – 5 a – 1 7 – 2 6 –
Source: World Bank (1992)
Percentage share of total household consumption
Food Gross rents,fuel and power
Transport andcommunication
Otherconsumption
Othercon-
sumerdur-
ables
Country
Cloth-ingandfoot-wear
TotalAuto-mobiles
TotalFueland
power
TotalCerealsand
tubers
Total
a Excludes government expenditure
Medi-cal
care
Educa-tion
Untitled-11 11/18/94, 10:23 AM320
Generalgovernmentconsumption
CountryPrivate
consumptionetc.
Grossdomestic
investment
Grossdomesticsavings
Exports ofgoods of
non-factorservices
Resourcebalance
Table 20
Structure of demand
19652 19902 19652 19902 19652 19902 19652 19902 19652 19902 19652 19902
M o z a m b i q u e – 2 0 – 9 2 – 3 7 – –12 – 1 6 – –49
Tanzan ia 1 0 1 0 7 4 9 5 1 5 2 5 1 6 –6 2 6 1 8 1 –31
M a l a w i 1 6 1 5 8 4 7 5 1 4 1 9 0 1 0 1 9 2 4 –14 –9
Z a m b i a 1 5 1 5 4 5 6 8 2 5 1 4 4 0 1 7 4 9 3 2 1 5 3
L e s o t h o 1 8 2 4 1 0 9 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 –26 –4 1 6 1 4 –38 –112
Z i m b a b w e 1 2 2 6 6 5 5 3 1 5 2 1 2 3 2 1 – 3 2 8 0
B o t s w a n a 2 4 2 0 1 8 9 4 3 1 6 – –131 3 2 3 2 1 6 4 1 –19 1 3 1
A n g o l a – – – – – – – – – – – –
N a m i b i a – 2 8 1 – 5 6 1 – 1 7 1 – 1 5 1 – 5 5 1 – –1
South Africa 1 1 1 9 6 3 5 6 2 7 1 9 2 6 2 5 2 7 2 6 –1 6
S o u r c e s :
1. World Bank (1991): for the year 1989
2. World Bank (1992)
Distribution of gross domestic product %
Untitled-11 11/18/94, 10:23 AM319
Table 19
Total external debt
19702 19902 19702 19902 19702 19902 19902 19902
M o z a m b i q u e – 4 0 5 3 0 1 9 0 7 4 5 7 2 4 7 1 8
Tanzan ia 1 8 0 5 2 9 4 1 5 1 2 0 1 4 0 4 2 0 5 8 6 6
M a l a w i 1 2 2 1 3 6 6 0 3 0 1 1 5 6 0 1 5 4 4
Z a m b i a 6 2 4 4 7 8 4 3 0 2 0 9 4 9 1 4 8 8 7 2 2 3
L e s o t h o 8 3 7 2 0 0 0 1 5 3 3 9 0
Z i m b a b w e 2 2 9 3 6 8 3 1 1 1 7 7 6 2 5 7 1 5 9 4 2 7 6
B o t s w a n a 1 7 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 1 6
A n g o l a – 7 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 8 7 7 1 0
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – 2 5 0 1
South Africa – – – – – – – 1 9 0 0 0 1
S o u r c e s :
1 . Central Intelligence Agency (1992)
2 . World Bank (1992)
Long-term debt (millions of dollars)
Public and publiclyguaranteed
Privatenon-guaranteed
Use of IMF credit(millions of dollars)
Short-termdebt
(millions ofdollars)
Totalexternal
debt(millions of
dollars)
Country
Untitled-11 11/18/94, 10:23 AM318
Table 30
Demography and fertility
19651 19901 19651 19702 19922 19651 19901 19651 19903 19915 2000
M o z a m b i q ue 4 9 4 6 2 7 2 4 1 8 4 7 4 5 6 , 8 6 , 5 6 , 5 6 , 7 2 0 4 5 –Tanzan ia 4 9 4 8 2 3 – 1 8 4 4 5 4 5 6 , 6 1 , 1 – 6 , 6 2 0 4 5 –M a l a w i 5 6 5 4 2 6 2 4 2 0 4 6 4 5 7 , 8 7 , 7 7 , 6 7 , 4 2 0 5 0 7
Z a m b i a 4 9 4 9 2 0 1 9 1 6 4 6 4 4 6 , 6 7 , 0 6 , 5 6 , 1 2 0 4 0 1 5L e s o t h o 4 2 4 0 1 8 1 7 1 2 4 7 4 5 5 , 8 4 , 9 4 , 8 4 , 5 2 0 2 5 –Z i m b a b w e 5 5 3 7 1 7 1 6 8 4 2 4 7 8 , 0 5 , 8 5 , 5 3 , 4 2 0 1 5 4 3
B o t s w a n a 5 3 3 5 1 9 1 7 6 4 5 4 4 6 , 9 4 , 8 5 , 2 3 , 1 2 0 1 5 3 3A n g o l a 4 9 4 7 2 9 2 6 1 9 4 7 4 5 6 , 4 6 , 7 7 , 2 6 , 6 2 0 4 5 –N a m i b i a 4 6 4 2 2 2 1 9 1 1 4 6 4 4 6 , 1 6 , 6 6 , 0 4 , 8 2 0 3 0 2 6
South Africa 4 0 3 3 1 6 – 9 4 4 6 4 9 6 , 1 4 , 5 4 , 2 3 , 4 2 0 2 0 4 8
Crudebirth rate(per 1 000population
Crudedeath rate(per 1 000
population)
Women ofchild-bearing
age as %of all women
Total fertility rateCountry Assumedyear of
reachingNRR of 1*
* Assumed year of reaching net reproductive rate of 1† Contraceptive prevalence percentage 1985-90
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1992)
2 . World Bank (1993)
3 . Johns (1991)
4 . World Bank (1992): for the year 1990
5 . United Nations Development Programme (1993)
Contra-ceptivepreva-lence
%†
Untitled-12 11/18/94, 10:25 AM329
Table 29
Population growth and projections
1965-801 1980-901 1989-20001a 19912 20002a 2025a 19912 20252a 19912 20252a
M o z a m b i q u e 2 , 5 2 , 6 3 , 0 1 4 , 5 1 9 , 4 4 2 1 9 8 0 4 4 , 5 4 2 , 2 5 2 , 1 5 5 , 0
Tanzan ia 2 , 9 3 , 1 3 , 1 2 5 , 03 3 3 , 01 6 4 1 9 8 8 4 6 , 7 4 0 , 21 5 0 , 33 5 7 , 21
M a l a w i 2 , 9 3 , 4 3 , 4 1 0 , 0 1 2 , 6 2 4 1 9 8 7 4 6 , 9 4 5 , 0 4 9 , 7 5 2 , 8Z a m b i a 3 , 0 3 , 7 3 , 1 8 , 4 1 0 , 7 2 0 1 9 9 0 4 8 , 3 2 9 , 0 4 9 , 7 5 6 , 6
L e s o t h o 2 , 3 2 , 7 2 , 6 1 , 8 2 , 2 4 1 9 8 6 4 1 , 9 2 9 , 51 5 5 , 0 6 5 , 7Z i m b a b w e 3 , 1 3 , 4 2 , 4 1 0 , 3 1 3 , 2 1 8 1 9 8 2 4 4 , 5 2 8 , 5 5 3 , 7 6 7 , 5B o t s w a n a 3 , 6 3 , 3 2 , 5 1 , 3 1 , 7 2 1 9 8 1 4 5 , 7 2 6 , 9 5 2 , 2 6 8 , 0
A n g o l a 2 , 8 2 , 6 3 , 0 9 , 5 1 3 , 1 2 7 1 9 7 0 4 4 , 83 3 9 , 91 5 2 , 13 5 6 , 91
N a m i b i a 2 , 4 3 , 2 3 , 0 1 , 5 2 , 0 4 1 9 7 0 4 4 , 8 3 4 , 2 5 1 , 5 6 1 , 9South Africa 2 , 4 2 , 4 2 , 2 3 8 , 9 4 7 , 9 6 5 1 9 9 1 3 8 , 6 2 5 , 6 5 8 , 3 6 7 , 4
Lastofficialpopula-
tioncensus
0-14 years
Age structure of population%
15-64 years
Average annual growthof population
%
Population(millions)
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1992)
2 . United Nations Development Programme (1993)
3 . World Bank (1992): for the year 1990
a Pro jec t ions
Untitled-12 11/18/94, 10:25 AM328
Table 28
Terms of external public borrowing
1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990
M o z a m b i q u e – 1 6 3 – 1 , 6 – 3 7 – 1 0 – 4 , 2
Tanzan ia 2 7 1 6 0 3 1 , 0 0 , 8 4 0 3 7 1 1 1 0 0 , 0 4 , 5
M a l a w i 1 4 2 3 7 3 , 8 1 , 0 2 9 3 6 6 1 0 0 , 0 3 , 5
Z a m b i a 5 5 7 5 2 4 , 2 9 , 0 2 7 6 9 2 0 , 0 1 3 , 8
L e s o t h o 0 1 3 5 , 5 3 , 0 2 0 3 7 2 8 0 , 0 0 , 0
Z i m b a b w e 0 3 9 9 0 , 0 7 , 0 0 1 6 0 4 0 , 0 2 1 , 0
B o t s w a n a 3 8 4 7 0 , 6 6 , 7 3 9 2 2 1 0 6 0 , 0 1 4 , 3
A n g o l a – 1 9 6 – 7 , 0 – 1 7 – 3 – 6 , 7
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – –
South Africa – – – – – – – – – –
Source: World Bank (1992)
Public loanswith variableinterest rate
as a % ofpublic debt
Averagegrace period
(years)
Average maturity(years)
Averageinterest rate
%
Commitments(millions of
dollars)
Country
Untitled-12 11/18/94, 10:25 AM327
Table 27
Total external debt ratios
1980 1990 1980 1990 1980 1990 1980 1990
M o z a m b i q u e 0 , 0 1 5 7 3 , 3 0 , 0 3 8 4 , 5 0 , 0 1 4 , 4 0 , 0 7 , 7
Tanzan ia 3 1 7 , 8 1 0 7 0 , 7 4 7 , 7 2 8 2 , 0 1 9 , 6 2 5 , 8 1 0 , 0 1 0 , 9
M a l a w i 2 6 0 , 8 3 2 8 , 5 7 2 , 1 8 5 , 6 2 7 , 7 2 2 , 5 1 6 , 7 9 , 1
Z a m b i a 2 0 1 , 0 5 0 0 , 8 9 0 , 9 2 6 1 , 3 2 5 , 3 1 2 , 3 8 , 8 4 , 3
L e s o t h o 1 9 , 5 4 1 , 2 1 1 , 2 3 9 , 6 1 , 5 2 , 4 0 , 6 0 , 8
Z i m b a b w e 4 5 , 4 1 5 5 , 0 1 4 , 9 5 4 , 1 3 , 8 2 2 , 6 1 , 5 9 , 6
B o t s w a n a 1 7 , 8 2 2 , 9 1 6 , 2 2 0 , 6 1 , 9 4 , 4 1 , 1 1 , 6
A n g o l a – – – – – – – –
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – –
South Africa – – – – – – – –
Source: World Bank (1992)
Country
Total external debt as a percentage ofTotal debt servicesas percentage ofexports of goods
and services
Interest paymentas percentage ofexports of goods
and servicesExports of goods and
services GNP
Untitled-12 11/18/94, 10:25 AM326
Table 26
Aggregate net resource flows and net transfers
19703 19903 19703 19903 19703 19903 19703 19903 19703 19903 19703 19903
M o z a m b i q u e – 1 4 5 0 8 0 7 6 4 0 0 0 9 1 7 0 9 0 9
Tanzan ia 4 9 2 4 6 5 0 6 7 2 9 0 0 6 0 9 7 5 5 7 9 0 4M a l a w i 3 7 8 4 0 –1 7 2 6 2 9 0 5 2 3 4 5 4 1 3 1 2Z a m b i a 3 1 6 6 1 5 2 2 6 3 3 –297 0 2 6 6 9 6 –65 6 3 8
L e s o t h o 0 3 8 0 0 8 6 9 0 1 7 8 1 2 4 7 1 0 3Z i m b a b w e –5 7 1 0 7 6 0 2 1 0 0 0 –5 3 5 6 –9 2 0 9B o t s w a n a 6 –37 0 0 9 9 0 0 1 4 8 1 5 2 0 1 1 4 –133
A n g o l a – 4 9 5 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 6 5 5 0 5 6 6N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – – – –South Africa – – – – – – 3 1 8 1 7 2 – – – –
S o u r c e :
1 . World Bank (1991)
2 . World Bank (1991): for the year 1989
3 . World Bank (1992)
Country
Net flows on long-term debt(millions of dollars)
Publicguaranteed
Private non-guaranteed
Officialgrants
Net foreigndirect
investment
Aggregate netresource
flows
Aggregate nettransfers
Untitled-12 11/18/94, 10:25 AM325
Disbursement(millions of dollars)
Privatenon-guaranteed
Repayment of principal(millions of dollars)
Interest payments(millions of dollars)
Privatenon-guaranteed
Privatenon-guaranteed
Table 25
Flow of public and private external capital
1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990 1970 1990
M o z a m b i q u e – 1 5 3 0 2 0 – 8 0 1 2 – 8 0 0
Tanzan ia 5 1 2 9 9 8 0 2 5 3 3 0 3 4 6 1 0
M a l a w i 4 0 1 2 7 0 0 3 4 2 0 1 4 3 2 0 0
Z a m b i a 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 1 2 3 5 9 1 6 0 2 9 5 8 2 0
L e s o t h o 0 5 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 8 0 0
Z i m b a b w e 0 2 9 7 0 9 4 5 2 2 7 0 1 8 5 1 3 9 0 9
B o t s w a n a 6 2 5 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 3 6 0 0
A n g o l a – – – – – – – – – – – –
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – – – –
South Africa – – – – – – – – – – – –
Source: World Bank (1992)
CountryLong-termpublic andguaranteed
Long-termpublic andguaranteed
Long-termpublic andguaranteed
Untitled-12 11/18/94, 10:25 AM324
Table 36
Real wages, hourly compensation costs and working time
A n g o l a – – – – – – – – 4 4 2 3 7 2 056B o t s w a n a 1 0 2 , 2 1 0 0 , 4 – 1 0 1 , 5 1 1 6 , 6 – – – – – – –
L e s o t h o – – – – – – – – 4 5 1 2 1 3 2 144M a l a w i – – – 8 0 , 2 – – – – – – – –M o z a m b i q u e – – – – – – – – – – – –
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – – – –South Africa – – – 9 9 , 1 1 0 1 , 1 – – – – – – –Tanzan ia – – – – – – – – – – – –
Z a m b i a – – – – – – – – 4 5 5 7 2 250Z i m b a b w e – – – 9 8 , 2 9 8 , 0 – – – 4 4 1 6 1 1 2 080
Hourlycompensation
costs(productionworkers) in
manufacture
Normal working time(manufacturing)
Manufacturing wages(1985 = 100)
Legal minimum wagerates
(1985 = 100)
1990 1990 1990
Weeklyhours
Annualleave(days)
1990
Publicholi-days
% ofnon-wagecosts
1990
Nor-mal
annualhours
1990
(1985 =100)
199019891988199019891988
Source: International Labour Organization (1992)
Untitled-13 11/18/94, 10:27 AM335
Table 35
Labour force and employment structure
A n g o l a – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –B o t s w a n a 8 2 , 7 – 4 7 , 4 – 5 6 5 8 1 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 5 – 9 3 – 2 4 b 3 1 b
L e s o t h o – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –M a l a w i – – – – – 8 7 – 5 – 8 – 6 – 6 6 9 b 1 0 b
M o z a m b i q u e 8 7 , 6 – 8 7 , 0 – 8 5 – 7 – 8 – – – – – – –
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –South Africa 8 5 , 6 – 4 3 , 4 – 1 7 1 5 3 6 3 6 4 7 4 8 – – – – – –Tanzan ia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Z a m b i a 8 1 , 7 – 3 9 , 9 – 5 5 – 1 4 – 3 1 – 4 4 – 8 2 – 1 4 –Z i m b a b w e – – – – – 7 1 – 8 – 2 1 – – – – 1 3 b 1 5 b
Activity rate %
1979/1981a
1988/1990
1979/1981a
1988/1990
Structure of total employment%
1979/1984a
1985/1990
1979/1984a
1985/1990
1979/1984a
1985/1990
Wage employment (as % of total)
1979/1984a
1985/1990
1979/1984a
1985/1990
Women as% of non-
agriculturalwage
employ-ment
1979/1980
1988/1990
Services AgricultureIndustryAgricultureFemaleMaleNon-
agriculture
Source: International labour Organization (1992) a In these brackets, data refer to the earliest available yearb Formal wage employment
Untitled-13 11/18/94, 10:27 AM334
Population Labour force
1981-1990 1991-2000 1981-1990 1991-2000
Table 34
Labour force trends
A n g o l a 2 , 6 2 , 9 1 , 8 2 , 1
B o t s w a n a 3 , 8 3 , 4 3 , 3 3 , 4
L e s o t h o 2 , 9 2 , 9 2 , 0 2 , 2
M a l a w i 3 , 5 3 , 6 2 , 6 2 , 7
M o z a m b i q u e 2 , 6 2 , 7 2 , 0 2 , 0
N a m i b i a 3 , 2 3 , 2 2 , 4 2 , 8
South Africa 2 , 2 2 , 2 2 , 8 2 , 8
Tanzan ia 3 , 8 3 , 8 2 , 9 3 , 1
Z a m b i a 3 , 9 3 , 8 3 , 3 3 , 6
Z i m b a b w e 3 , 1 3 , 1 2 , 8 3 , 1
Annual growth rate %
Source: International Labour Organization (1992)
Untitled-13 11/18/94, 10:27 AM333
Table 33
Ratification of Labour Conventions 87 and 98* in southern Africa
A n g o l a – X
B o t s w a n a – –
L e s o t h o X X
M a l a w i – X
M o z a m b i q u e – –
N a m i b i a – –
S w a z i l a n d X X
South Africa – –
Z a m b i a – –
Z i m b a b w e – –
Source: International Labour Organization (1992)
Country 87 98
* Conven t i on 87 : Freedom of association and protection of theright to organize.
Conven t i on 98 : the right to organize and collective bargaining.
Untitled-13 11/18/94, 10:27 AM332
Table 32
Ratification and implementation of international labour standards in southern Africa
A n g o l a 1 9 7 6 3 0 3 0
B o t s w a n a 1 9 7 8 – 2
L e s o t h o 1966-71; 1980 1 1 1 1
M a l a w i 1 9 6 5 8 2 3
M o z a m b i q u e 1 9 7 6 – 1 1
N a m i b i a 1 9 7 8 1 1 –
South Africaa 1 9 1 9 – 1 2
S w a z i l a n d 1 9 7 5 – 3 0
Z a m b i a 1 9 6 4 1 4 3 8
Z i m b a b w e 1 9 8 0 7 5
StateRatification at
date ofadmission
Total numberof
ratifications
Admission toInternational
LabourOrganization
a Withdrew from the ILO in 1966Source: International Labour Organization (1992)
Untitled-13 11/18/94, 10:27 AM331
Table 31
Ratification of basic International Labour Organization Conventions (as of 31 October 1991)
A n g o l a 3 0 X X X X X
B o t s w a n a 2
L e s o t h o 1 1 X X X
M a l a w i 2 3 X X X
M o z a m b i q u e 1 1 X X X
N a m i b i a 1
South Africa 1 2
Tanzan ia 4 0 X X X
Z a m b i a 3 8 X X X X X X X
Z i m b a b w e 5 X
Source: International Labour Organization (1992)
Freedom ofassociation
Collec-tive
Bargain-ing
(No. 98)
Forced labour Discrimination
Employ-ment &Occupa-
tion(No. 111)
EqualRemune-
ration(No. 100)
ChildLabourMini-mumAge
(No. 138)
Employ-mentPolicy
(No. 122)
Aboli-tion
(No. 105)
ForcedLabour(No. 29)
RuralWorkersOrgani-zations
(No. 141)
Right toOrganize(No. 87)
Totalnumber
ofratifica-
tions
Untitled-13 11/18/94, 10:27 AM330
CountryManpoweravailability
(males 15-49)
Males fit formilitaryservice
Defence expenditure
Table 44
Defence forces
A n g o l a 2 129 827 1 072 323 – –
B o t s w a n a 271 511 142 947 1 3 6 , 4 4 , 4 (1992)
L e s o t h o 408 003 220 129 5 5 1 3 , 1 (1990)
M a l a w i 2 000 406 1 016 901 2 2 1 , 6 (1989)
M o z a m b i q u e 3 490 554 2 004 913 1 0 7 6-7 (1989)
N a m i b i a 320 277 189 997 6 6 3 , 4 (1992)
South Africa 10 051 202 6 133 484 3 5 0 0 3 (1992)
S w a z i l a n d 197 654 114 204 1 1 2 (1989)
Tanzan ia 747 542 3 319 116 1 1 9 2 (1989)
Z a m b i a 1 818 545 953 718 – –
Z i m b a b w e 2 355 965 1 456 829 4 1 2 , 4 6 (1991)
Source: Central Intelligence Agency (1992)
Percentage of GDPExchange rate
conversionin $ millions
Table 43
Forests, protected areas and water resources
M o z a m b i q u e 1 5 4 9 1 , 2 0 , 1 0 , 0 1 0 , 0 0 , 8 1 5 3 1 3 4 0Tanzan ia 4 2 0 1 4 3 , 0 3 0 , 1 1 1 3 0 , 0 2 8 1 3 , 8 0 , 5 1 3 6 8 2 8M a l a w i 4 3 2 1 , 5 – 1 0 , 6 9 8 , 9 0 , 2 2 2 2 7 1 5
Z a m b i a 2 9 5 3 0 0 , 7 0 , 4 6 3 , 6 2 0 8 , 5 0 , 4 0 8 6 5 4 3 2L e s o t h o 0 0 – – 0 , 1 1 0 , 2 0 , 1 1 3 4 7 2 7Z i m b a b w e 1 9 8 2 0 , 8 0 , 0 3 0 , 7 2 5 7 , 9 1 , 2 5 1 2 9 1 8 1 1 1
B o t s w a n a 3 2 6 0 0 , 2 – 1 0 0 , 3 9 1 7 , 2 0 , 1 0 9 8 5 9 3A n g o l a 5 3 6 2 9 0 , 9 0 , 4 2 6 , 4 6 2 , 1 0 , 5 0 4 3 6 3 7N a m i b i a 1 8 4 – 0 , 3 – 1 0 3 , 7 1 1 1 2 , 6 0 , 1 2 7 9 9 6 9
South Africa 3 3 – – 7 3 , 9 2 2 9 6 , 1 9 , 2 1 8 4 0 4 6 5 3 3 9
S o u r c e s :1 . World Bank (1991)2 . World Bank (1992)3 . World Bank (1992): for the year 1989
Forest area(thousands of km2)
Nationally protectedareas (1991)
Internal renewable water resourceswithdrawal (1970-87)
Total area(1980)
Annualdeforestation
1981-1985
As a %of totalwater
re-sources
Per capita(cubic metres)
TotalDomes-
tic I & A*Total Closed Total ClosedNum-ber
As a% oftotalland
Totalcubickms(km3)
Country
* Industrial and agricultural
Area(thou-sands
of km2)
Table 42
Women and development
19901 19901 19702 19922 19702 19922 19883 19701 19851 19701 19851 19651 19891 19651 19891
M o z a m b i q u e 1 9 4 2 1 5 4 2 4 9 3 9 4 9 8 0 0 – – – – 5 6 7 8 8 5 5 4Tanzan ia 1 8 2 2 0 3 4 5 4 4 9 5 4 1 4 4 6 5 6 0 0 8 2 9 1 8 8 9 0 6 0 9 8 2 3 7 4M a l a w i 2 4 2 2 5 5 4 1 4 7 4 0 4 6 5 0 0 5 5 6 7 6 0 7 1 5 9 8 1 4 0 5 4Z a m b i a 1 2 3 1 4 0 4 8 5 0 4 5 5 4 6 0 0 9 3 – 9 9 – 7 8 9 1 3 9 5 9L e s o t h o 1 2 5 1 4 2 5 0 5 8 4 8 5 7 3 5 0 8 7 8 5 7 0 7 6 1 5 7 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 4 7Z i m b a b w e 6 6 7 8 5 2 6 2 4 9 5 9 3 3 0 7 4 8 3 8 0 8 3 – 9 8 – 7 3B o t s w an a 4 1 5 3 5 1 7 0 4 8 5 9 3 0 0 9 7 9 4 9 0 9 2 1 2 9 1 0 6 7 7 1 0 9A n g o l a 2 0 7 2 3 0 3 9 4 9 3 6 4 7 9 0 0 – – – – 4 9 – 8 9 –N a m i b ia 1 1 9 1 4 0 4 7 4 5 9 5 4 4 4 5 6 5 4 0 0 – – – – – 1 0 9 – 1 2 8South Africa 8 1 9 8 5 4 4 6 5 5 4 9 4 5 9 5 2 5 0 – – – – 9 9 – 8 7 –
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1992)2 . African Development Bank (1993)3 . United Nations Development Programme (1993)4 . World Bank (1992): for the year 19655 . World Bank (1992): for the year 1990
Health and welfare Education
Percentage of cohortpersisting to grade 4(% children startingprimary school and
proceeded to fourth grade)Females
per 1 000 males
CountryMale Female Male M M *
* Maternal mortality per 100 000 live births
Fe-male
Table 41
Urbanization
1965- 1980- 1991-19651 20002a 19912 19801 1990 19903 20002a 19901 19901 19651 19901 19901
M o z a m b i q u e 5 4 1 2 7 1 0 , 2 1 0 , 4 1 3 , 1 4 , 8 3 8 1 0 6 8 3 8 1 0
Tanzan ia 5 – 3 3 4 1 1 , 3 1 0 , 5 6 , 5 – 2 1 7 3 8 1 8 6M a l a w i 5 1 6 1 2 7 , 4 6 , 2 7 , 7 6 , 5 3 1 4 – – –Z a m b i a 2 3 5 9 5 0 6 , 6 6 , 2 6 , 6 5 , 5 2 4 1 2 – – –
L e s o t h o 6 2 8 2 0 7 , 5 7 , 0 9 , 0 6 , 3 1 7 4 – – –Z i m b a b w e 1 4 3 5 2 8 6 , 0 5 , 9 6 , 0 5 , 4 3 1 9 – – –B o t s w a n a 4 4 2 2 8 1 2 , 6 9 , 9 1 0 , 1 7 , 9 3 8 1 0 – – –
A n g o l a 1 3 3 6 2 8 6 , 4 5 , 8 – 5 , 4 6 1 1 7 4 9 6 1 1 7N a m i b i a 1 7 3 4 2 8 4 , 6 5 , 3 9 , 4 5 , 4 3 0 8 – – –South Africa 4 7 6 6 6 0 4 3 , 2 3 , 7 3 , 7 2 3 , 2 1 1 6 4 0 3 0 1 8
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1992)2 . United Nations Development Programme (1993)3 . Development Bank of Southern Africa (1991)4 . World Bank (1992): for the year 1990
Country
Urban populationPopulation in
capital cityas a %
Population in cities of1 million as a %
As a percentage oftotal population
Average annual growth rate% Urban Total Urban Total
a P ro jec t ions
Table 40
Education
19651 19891 19651 19891 19651 19891 19651 19891 19651 19891 19751 19891 19651 19891
M o z a m b i q u e 3 7 6 8 2 6 5 9 3 5 2 4 0 0 – 4 5 7 8 5 8 3
Tanzan ia 3 2 6 3 2 5 6 3 2 4 1 4 0 0 – 4 8 5 2 3 3
M a l a w i 4 4 6 7 3 2 6 0 2 4 1 3 0 1 – 5 0 4 0 6 4 3
Z a m b i a 5 3 9 5 4 6 9 1 7 2 0 3 1 4 – 2 – 8 0 5 1 4 4L e s o t h o 9 4 1 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 9 4 2 6 4 3 1 0 4 – 7 2 5 7 5 6
Z i m b a b w e 1 1 0 1 2 5 9 2 1 2 6 6 5 2 5 4 2 0 6 – 1 0 0 2 – 3 8B o t s w a n a 6 5 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 4 3 3 7 3 3 9 – 3 5 8 9 3 4 0 3 2A n g o l a 3 9 9 4 2 6 – 5 1 1 4 – 0 – – – 4 5 3 3
N a m i b i a – – – – – – – – – – – – – –South Africa 9 0 – 8 8 – 1 5 – 1 4 – 4 – – – – –
S o u r c e s :
1 . World Bank (1992)
2 . World Bank (1991)
3 . United Nations Development Report (1993)
Percentage of age group enrolled in education
Country Primary Secondary
Total Female Total Female
Tertiary(total)
Primarypupil-
teacherratio
Primary netenrolment
%
Table 39
Health and nutrition
19651 19841 19651 19841 1988-903 1986-903 19702 19922 19651 19891
M o z a m b i q u e 18 000 37 9703 5 370 5 7603 2 9 1 1 1 7 1 1 3 5 1 712 1 680Tanzan ia 21 700 24 970 2 100 5 480 6 0 1 6 1381 1 1 5 6 1 831 2 206
M a l a w i 47 320 11 340 40 980 3 1103 4 1 1 1 1 9 3 1 4 9 2 259 2 139Z a m b i a 11 380 7 150 5 820 7 4 0 4 3 4 1 0 6 8 4 2 072 2 077L e s o t h o 20 060 18 610 4 700 – 4 0 1 0 1 3 4 8 9 2 049 2 299
Z i m b a b w e 8 010 6 700 9 9 0 1 000 6 5 6 9 6 4 7 2 075 2 299B o t s w a n a 27 450 6 900 17 710 7 0 0 7 8 8 1 0 1 3 5 2 045 2 375A n g o l a 13 150 17 750 3 820 1 0 1 0 1 6 1 5 1 7 8 1 3 8 1 907 1 807
N a m i b i a – – – – 7 1 1 4 1 3 7 9 6 1 900 1 946South Africa 2 050 – 4 9 0 – – 1 2 4 1 2 4 5 6 6 6 2 759 3 122
S o u r c e s :
1. World Bank (1992)2. African Development Bank (1993)3. United Nations Development Programme (1993)4. World Bank (1992): for the year 19855. World Bank (1992): for the year 19656. World Bank (1992): for the year 1990
Population per Birthwith low
birthweight
%
Birthattendedby health
staff%
Country
Infant mortalityrate
(per 1 000 livebirths)
Daily caloriesupply
(per capita)Physician Nursing person
Table 38
Origins of black mineworkers employed in mines owned by members of the South African Chamber of Mines
1 9 7 5 101 553 97 216 27 904 2 485 3 431 20 291 78 114 8 391 1 2 321 846
1 9 7 6 143 509 73 863 5 7 1 16 788 2 910 23 765 84 873 10 835 4 7 5 342 507
1 9 7 7 189 106 36 922 3 495 18 653 1 043 20 257 92 026 9 335 2 650 373 487
1 9 7 8 204 318 35 234 17 910 11 984 1 8 9 17 647 91 278 8 269 1 965 388 794
1 9 7 9 215 577 38 995 15 033 7 643 2 3 17 645 94 379 7 926 1 852 399 123
1 9 8 0 233 088 39 539 13 569 5 770 5 17 763 96 309 8 090 1 404 415 537
1 9 8 1 240 082 40 094 12 937 2 968 2 17 539 98 288 8 872 1 334 422 116
1 9 8 2 239 065 42 544 13 565 1 1 2 2 16 659 95 731 9 294 1 215 418 187
1 9 8 3 245 718 42 473 14 287 1 2 17 225 96 409 10 624 1 264 428 003
1 9 8 4 253 548 44 195 15 120 2 1 17 257 95 675 10 833 2 1 8 436 849
1 9 8 5 256 377 50 126 16 849 – 1 18 079 97 639 12 365 4 451 440
1 9 8 6 266 150 56 237 17 923 – – 19 106 103 742 14 239 1 477 398
1 9 8 7 273 422 45 917 17 620 – – 17 939 105 506 15 743 – 476 147
1 9 8 8 265 268 44 084 13 090 – – 17 061 100 951 16 171 – 456 625
1 9 8 9 243 556 42 807 2 212 – – 16 051 100 529 16 730 – 421 885
Source: Davies & Nkuhlu (1993)
SouthAfrica
Mozam-bique
Malawi Zim-babwe
Angola Botswana Lesotho Swaziland Other Total
Table 37
Average number of migrant exployees on gold and coal mines owned by members of the South African Chamber of Mines
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Botswana (G) 17 539 16 659 17 225 17 257 18 079 19 106 17 939 17 061 16 051 14 918 13 388Botswana (C) 4 8 6 0 8 9 1 0 3 1 1 2 4Lesotho (G) 98 228 95 731 96 409 95 675 97 639 103 742 105 506 100 951 100 529 98 200 88 281Lesotho (C) 12 314 11 823 9 730 9 514 9 803 8 849 7 451 6 706 6 076 5 720 5 037Malawi (G) 12 937 13 565 14 287 15 180 16 849 17 923 17 620 13 090 2 212 2 9 5Malawi (C) 2 5 8 2 4 4 2 2 7 2 0 8 2 0 7 1 7 9 1 4 9 1 3 7 7 0 4 1 3 2Mozambique (G) 40 094 42 544 42 473 44 195 50 126 56 237 45 917 44 084 42 087 43 172 41 956Mozambique (C) 1 354 1 378 1 321 1 277 1 572 1 662 1 186 1 012 1 113 1 236 1 136Swaziland (G) 8 872 9 294 10 624 10 833 12 365 14 239 15 743 16 171 16 730 16 387 15 623Swaziland (C) 6 0 8 7 2 1 6 7 9 6 3 4 6 4 8 6 6 8 5 7 5 5 7 0 5 5 2 4 4 7 3 6 1Zimbabwe (G) 2 968 1 1 2 1 2 – – – – – – –Zimbabwe (C) 1 6 9 7 7 5 6 8 4 2 2 2SADCC (G) 180 638 177 905 181 019 183 082 195 058 211 247 202 725 191 357 177 609 172 706 159 253SADCC (C) 14 554 14 183 12 024 11 648 12 244 11 374 9 372 8 430 7 814 7 448 6 572S A D C C 195 192 192 088 193 043 194 730 207 302 222 621 219 097 199 787 185 423 180 154 165 825South Africa (G) 240 082 239 065 245 718 253 548 256 222 266 150 273 402 265 268 246 276 224 626 195 200South Africa (C) 52 070 51 266 43 842 46 583 47 566 47 340 43 423 38 239 35 524 33 072 28 834South Africa 292 152 290 331 289 560 300 131 303 788 313 490 316 825 303 072 81 800 257 698 224 034Other (G) 1 337 1 217 1 266 2 1 9 5 1 – – 1 – –Other (C) 4 1 – – – – – – – – –Total Gold 422 057 418 187 428 003 436 849 451 285 477 398 476 127 456 625 423 886 396 968 354 453Total Coal 66 628 65 450 55 866 58 231 59 810 58 714 52 795 46 669 43 338 40 520 35 406Total 488 685 483 637 483 869 495 080 511 095 536 112 528 922 503 294 467 224 437 488 389 859
S o u r c e : Davies & Nkuhlu (1993) G = GoldminesC = Coalmines
Table 18.1
Environment and Population
Southern African Population profile
1990 1991 2000
A n g o l a 4 , 8 9 , 5 1 3 , 1 2 , 2 3 , 5 1 7 3 2 0 1 0 7 , 2 1 1 3 n . a . 7 6
B o t s w a n a 0 , 5 1 , 3 1 , 7 2 , 9 2 , 9 1 4 1 2 0 1 5 5 , 2 7 6 3 3 2 2
L e s o t h o 0 , 9 1 , 8 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 , 3 1 3 9 2 0 1 9 4 , 8 8 2 n . a . 5 9 0
M a d a g a s c a r 5 , 3 1 2 , 4 1 6 , 6 2 , 7 3 , 2 1 3 5 2 0 1 2 6 , 6 1 0 0 n . a . 2 1 3
M a l a w i 3 , 5 1 0 , 0 1 2 , 6 3 , 4 2 , 6 2 4 8 2 0 1 2 7 , 6 1 1 0 7 1 061
M o z a m b i q u e 7 , 5 1 4 , 5 1 9 , 4 2 , 1 3 , 3 4 7 2 0 1 5 6 , 5 1 0 3 n . a . 1 8 5
N a m i b i a 0 , 6 1 , 5 2 , 0 2 , 8 3 , 1 1 3 7 2 0 1 3 6 , 0 1 0 0 2 6 1 8
South Africa 1 7 , 4 3 8 , 9 4 7 , 9 2 , 6 2 , 3 9 9 2 0 2 0 4 , 2 6 4 4 8 3 1 8
S w a z i l a n d 0 , 3 0 , 8 1 , 0 2 , 8 2 , 7 1 1 5 2 0 1 7 5 , 0 7 7 2 0 4 4 8
Z a m b i a 3 , 1 8 , 4 1 0 , 7 3 , 2 2 , 7 1 2 9 2 0 1 5 6 , 5 9 8 1 5 1 1 3
Z i m b a b w e 3 , 8 1 0 , 3 1 3 , 2 3 , 2 2 , 8 1 1 0 2 0 1 4 5 , 5 7 3 4 3 2 6 5
Developing countries 2 070,0 4 160,0 4 930,0 2 , 3 1 , 9 9 8 2 0 2 5 3 , 8 6 0 4 9 5 4 1
Sub-Saharan Africa 2 1 0 , 0 5 2 0 , 0 6 8 0 , 0 2 , 9 2 , 8 n . a . n . a . 2 , 0 6 5 5 9 2 2 5
Industrial countries 9 4 0 , 0 1 220,0 1 290,0 0 , 8 0 , 6 n . a . n . a . 2 , 0 6 5 5 9 2 2 5
W o r l d 3 010,0 5 380,0 6 220,0 1 , 9 1 , 6 n . a . n . a . 3 , 4 6 1 5 2 4 0 9
Source: United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report (1993)
Country
Annual popula-tion growth rate
%Ratio of
populationdoubling
growth rate1985-1990to 1955-60
Populationdoublingrate (atcurrent
rate)
Totalfertility
1991
Estimated population(million)
1960-1991
1991-2000
Ratio of1991
fertilityrate to1960
Contracep-tive preva-lence (%)1985-90
Popula-tion
density(per 1 000hectares)
1991
Untitled-15 11/18/94, 10:31 AM1
