Southern SocietySouthern Society

FamilyFamily

Plantation SocietyPlantation Society

SlaverySlavery

Southern FamilySouthern Family

• Death rate very High: most died 1Death rate very High: most died 1stst yearyear– Life expectancy 20 years less than N E. Life expectancy 20 years less than N E.

• Most settlers young men: 6 to 1 ratioMost settlers young men: 6 to 1 ratio– By 1700 about 2 1/2 to 1. By 1700 about 2 1/2 to 1.

• A spouse would die within 7 yearsA spouse would die within 7 years

• Women had less children: they had to Women had less children: they had to – Wait to complete indenture servitudeWait to complete indenture servitude

Virginian Tobacco FarmVirginian Tobacco Farm

Plantation SocietyPlantation Society

• Virginia & Maryland: tobacco cash cropVirginia & Maryland: tobacco cash crop– No freeman was willing to grow another No freeman was willing to grow another – Man’s tobaccoMan’s tobacco

• Grow wealthy by buying land and gettingGrow wealthy by buying land and getting– Labor. Turned to slave labor Labor. Turned to slave labor

• Stratification: gentry, freeman, indenture,Stratification: gentry, freeman, indenture,– And slaves And slaves

• Gentry class came to dominate societyGentry class came to dominate society

• Less educated, William and Mary, gentryLess educated, William and Mary, gentry– Children often educated in EuropeChildren often educated in Europe

Slave TradeSlave Trade

Slave ShipSlave Ship

Development of slaveryDevelopment of slavery• History: universal institution ag. societyHistory: universal institution ag. society• Sugar plantations: Portuguese, Spain,Sugar plantations: Portuguese, Spain,

– England. Caribbean, South AmericaEngland. Caribbean, South America

• 4% to North America, Natural increase4% to North America, Natural increase– 500,000 between 1619-1760. 5m by 1860.500,000 between 1619-1760. 5m by 1860.

• First Africans treated as indentured, First Africans treated as indentured, manymany– Became free, owned their own land, p 74Became free, owned their own land, p 74

• By 1700 Africans seen as slave race:By 1700 Africans seen as slave race:– Greed for labor, exploitationGreed for labor, exploitation

• Slave codes: no property, no guns, no Slave codes: no property, no guns, no education, cannot travel, no groupseducation, cannot travel, no groups