Space Science and ExplorationSpace Science and ExplorationCNES programme updateCNES programme update

Paris, September 19, 2005

SummarySummary

part 1 : CNES ongoing projects

part 2 : CNES future projects

CNES programmationCNES programmation

major programme orientations given by the scientific community• every 4 to 6 years, workshops of scientific prospective in order to

elaborate the mid/long - term priorities of the French scientific community

– Saint - Malo, October 93– Arcachon, March 98– Paris, July 04

complementarity between activities within ESA and activities outside ESA

balance between the main scientific domains (astronomy vs solar system)

introduction of new topics : fundamental physics and astroparticles, exobiology, space weather, NEO threat

ESA’s scientific programmeESA’s scientific programme

ESA’s mandatory scientific programme « Cosmic Vision » is the core and the top priority of the French programme in space sciences

task sharing (general rule, but with exceptions) : • ESA : platform procurement, satellite integration, launch,

operations• member-states : onboard scientific equipments

the national participation is thus two-fold : • contribution to the Cosmic Vision programme, a mandatory activity

of ESA with a contribution proportional to GNP• development of onboard scientific instruments

Other ESA programmesOther ESA programmes

participation to other ESA programmes with a scientific content :• AURORA : solar system exploration• ISS utilization

Activities outside ESAActivities outside ESA

the activities « outside ESA » complement or prepare on original and focused scientific and technological goals the participation to the « Cosmic Vision » programme

bi- ou multi-lateral co-operations : participations to missions of external initiative, with USA, Russia, other European countries, Japan, Canada, India, China

national activities• mini satellites (PROTEUS)• micro satellites (MYRIADE)• balloons

Space sciences & exploration :Space sciences & exploration :CNES ongoing projectsCNES ongoing projects

Space sciences & exploration :Space sciences & exploration :CNES ongoing projectsCNES ongoing projects

Within ESA’s scientific programmeWithin ESA’s scientific programme

mission under exploitation• HST (coop. ESA-NASA)• XMM• INTEGRAL• MARS EXPRESS• CASSINI – HUYGENS (coop. ESA-NASA)• Ulysses• SOHO• CLUSTER + Double Star (coop. ESA-CAS)

Within ESA’s scientific programmeWithin ESA’s scientific programme

decided payloads contributions to missions under development• VENUS EXPRESS (launch in October 05)• HERSCHEL• PLANCK SURVEYOR• MIRI / JWST (coop. ESA-NASA)• LISA PathFinder

planned contributions to future missions• GAIA (ground segment)• BEPI COLOMBO• Solar Orbiter• LISA (coop. ESA-NASA)

Microscope(CNES-ESA)March 2009

Herschel-PlanckAugust 2007 ?

Lisa-Pathfinder 2009

2007 2008 2010 20122006 20132005 2009 2011 2014

Venus ExpressOct. 2005

Astro-F (Japan-ESA) 2006

Corot (CNES-ESA)

Julyl. 2006

JWST(NASA-ESA)

2013

Gaia2011-12

Bepi-Colombo2013

Lisa2014 ?

2015

Solar Orbiter

2015

ESA’s Cosmic Vision programmeESA’s Cosmic Vision programme

National programmeNational programme

Microsatellites of the Myriade family :• Microscope• Picard

Minisatellites of the PROTEUS family :• COROT

ISS utilization• PHARAO/ACES

Bilateral projects and opportunities• T2L2 experiment• MSL-09 (NASA)• GLAST (NASA)• NASA’s Explorer & Discovery missions (e.g. FUSE, GALEX, HETE)• ODIN (Sweden)

COROTCOROTCOROTCOROT

2 goals :• stellar sismology• search for extrasolar planets

description :• small astronomy satellite

based upon CNES’s multimission platform PROTEUS

• contributions from Spain, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Brasil, and ESA

PI : A. Baglin (LESIA, Paris Observatory)

launched planned mid 2006 (Soyouz 2.1b from Baikonur)

PICARDPICARDPICARDPICARD

goals :• to determine the relation

solar irradiance vs solar diameter

• to correlate the changes of solar irradiance with past climate evolutions

description :• CNES micro satellite

(MYRIADE family)• payload contributions from

Belgium and SwitzerlandP.I. : G. Thuillier (CNRS,

Service d’Aéronomie) launch in spring 2008

MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE

goal : test of the Equivalence Principle between inertial mass and gravitational mass at 10-15 • 3 orders of magnitude better than the

best tests on ground

• recent theories (Damour & Veneziano) predict a violation between 10-12 and 10-15

PI : P. Touboul (ONERA), co PI : E. Samain (Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur)

principle : • relative motion of 2 proof masses of

different materials free-falling in the Earth gravity field

• the masses are placed inside a drag-free satellite to eliminate the non gravitational forces

MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE

description : CNES micro satellite (MYRIADE family)• drag-free satellite

• FEEP electric µ-thrusters by Centrospazio, Italy (ESA contract)

• 2 ultrasensitive differential accelerometers with capacitive detection by ONERA, France

• contributions from Germany (DLR) and ESA

launch planned in 2009 mission parameters

• SSO orbit 700 km, 6h/18h (9 months without eclipse)

• excentricity : 5x10 -3, inclination : 95°• nominal mission duration : 1 year

X

Z

Y

Traînée

PHARAO / ACESPHARAO / ACES

goal : test of an ultra stable (10-16 / day) and ultra precise (10-16) Cs cold atom space clock « PHARAO » (PI : C. Salomon, ENS \ LKB)

part of ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space), see next chart

applications : • fundamental physics experimental tests• time & frequency metrology, time distribution• future generations of positioning and navigation systems• future cold atom devices : accelerometers, gyrometers

status : engineering model under AIT ; decision to build FM 2nd semester 06

PHARAO / ACESPHARAO / ACES

ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space) will be installed by late 2009(?) on the ISS and will include• the Cs cold atom clock

PHARAO• a Hydrogen maser

(Neuchatel Observatory, Switzerland)

• a frequency comparator and a board-to-ground µ-wave link (ESA)

propagation of light pulses between a ground based clock and a space clock

• 2-way method• measurement of 3 dates

(departure, on board arrival , return to Earth)

high performance time transfer and comparison between remote ground clocks

PI : E. Samain, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (OCA\GEMINI)

retroreflectorretroreflector

clockclock

detectordetector

Ground clockGround clock

T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link)T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link)

T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link)T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link)

originally T2L2 was proposed to fly onboard ACES, but withdrawn for mass budget

alternative flight opportunities have been looked for, e.g. CNES microsatellite

a recent opportunity appeared : to fly T2L2 onboard JASON 2 (2008); recommendation by CNES’s science programme committee to catch this opportunity; CNES has endorsed the recommendation wich is under implementation

ground segment via International Laser Ranging Service

Space sciences & exploration :Space sciences & exploration :CNES future projectsCNES future projects

Space sciences & exploration :Space sciences & exploration :CNES future projectsCNES future projects

Projects under study : formation flyingProjects under study : formation flying

formation flight : 2 or more satellites whose positions and orientations are mutually controled (servo-loop) + a distributed payload, equivalent to a very large dimension space instrument (e.g. interferometer, long focal optics)

one demonstration mission is planned ; the primary goal is formation flying validation but a significant scientific content is mandatory

4 phase 0 level studies on 4 science projects are on-goinghigh cost, hence co-operation is mandatory

Projects under study : formation flyingProjects under study : formation flying

schedule :• selection of 2 missions for phase A in October 2005• selection of 1 mission for phase B by late 2006• possible launch date : 2012-2013

preliminary step : participation to PRISMA• technological mission (2008) led by Sweden (SNSB/SSC) with

contributions from Germany and Denmark• provision of a RF subsystem and test of coarse formation control

ASPICSsolar coronograph

MAXgamma lens

PEGASENIR interferometer

SIMBOL XX ray observatory

Projects under study : formation flyingProjects under study : formation flying

ASPICSASPICS

observation of the solar corona by external occultation : evolution of the fine structure of the low corona

concept : one sat « in the Sun » carries the occultation disk, one sat « in the shadow » 100 m away observes the corona• detection : visible and UV (L, He II or O VI)• orbit : L1 or GEO-like, descoped option GTO

science team : IAS, LAM, IAPpossible co-operation with ESA/DTEC on a descoped

version (« ASPICS light »)

SIMBOL X (1/2)SIMBOL X (1/2)

X ray observatory in the 0.5-70 keV energy range

• detection of faint objects & imaging of thermal and non thermal emission zones : quasars, AGN, extra galactic black holes, accretion disks and jets, clusters of galaxies

PI : Ph. Ferrando (CEA)

science team : CEA/SAp, CESR, APC

concept : 1 satellite with mirrors at grazing incidence + 1 satellite with focal plane detectors

• orbit : L2 or HEO

theme highlighted in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, XEUS precursor

SIMBOL X (2/2)SIMBOL X (2/2)

possible co-operations : Italy (mirrors + satellite), Germany (detectors)

Italian scientists incorporated in the science team

a joint phase A could start by late 2005

MAXMAX

ray lens

• 800-900 keV band : Supernovae Ia• 450-550 keV band : e-e+ annihilation line, galactic center, dark

matter, X binaries, AGN, µ-quasars…

PI : P. von Ballmoos (CESR)

science team : CESR, CEA, LAM, CPPM, LRR, LAOG

concept : 1 satellite carrying the lens + 1 satellite with focal plane detector

• orbit : L2 or HEO

theme not selected in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025

PEGASEPEGASE

NIR (0.4 – 6.0 µm) interferometer, direct & dark fringes : exoplanets (Pegasides), brown dwarfs, protoplanetary disks

PI : A. Léger (IAS)

science team : IAS, Obs. Paris, OCA, ENS Lyon, LAOG, ONERA

concept : 2 collector µ sats + 1 satellite for recombination

• orbit : L2 or HEO

• high angular resolution and high dynamics

theme highlighted in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, DARWIN precursor

Other projects under studyOther projects under study

Cosmology• SAMPAM : cosmic backgound radiation polarization mission• DUNE : dark matter distribution survey mission

Astronomy & astrophysics :• SVOM (ex ECLAIRs) : gamma ray bursts, detection and

observation

Solar system :• Mars in situ science• rendezvous mission with a Near Earth Asteroid

Sun, heliosphere, magnetosphere :• TARANIS : observation of sprites (µ sat)• SMESE (ex LYOT) : coronal mass ejection phenomena (µ sat)

Solar physics : SMESESolar physics : SMESE

Chinese – French planned cooperation, agreement on a mission concept based upon a French-built microsat platform of the « Myriad » family

science definition team with 4 Chinese, 4 French + 1 ESA + 1 NASA (ILWS)

French and Chinese – provided instrumentsphase 0/A initiated by CNES extending from fall 05 up to

end of 06 launch date targeted by 2011 (next solar cycle starts to

decrease)

Solar physics : SMESESolar physics : SMESE

merging of the French proposals LYOT (IAS) and MIRAGES (LESIA) with the Chinese proposal SMESE (Purple Mountain Observatory)

objectives : study of the Coronal Mass Ejection phenomena (CMEs), connection with solar eruptions, structure of the low transition region, space weather (ILWS)

Solar physics : SMESESolar physics : SMESE

platform : major heritage from PICARD (orbit, pointing) and DEMETER (X band)

mission control center in France, receiving stations and data centers in France and in China

payload :• L coronograph (IAS)• IR imager (LESIA)• X & spectro (PMO)

payload integration at CNES facilities with the support of the instrument providers

Astrophysics : SVOMAstrophysics : SVOM

China-led high energy astrophysics mission based upon the French platform « PROTEUS », proposed by the National Astronomical Observatory and the Astrophysics group of the Hign Energy Physics Institute

prime objective : GRBmajor commonalities with the French project ECLAIR

presently in phase 0/A at CNES and based upon a CNES microsat platform of the « Myriade » family …

… but higher capabilities payload provision shared between French and Chinese

institutes

ECLAIRsECLAIRs

objective : multi-wavelength study of the Gamma-Ray Burst prompt emission

proposers : J. Paul (CEA/Sap), B. Cordier (CESR)

mission based upon a CNES microsat platform of the « Myriade » family …

presently in phase 0/A at CNES

Wide field of view Wide field of view ((~2 sr~2 sr)) coded mask telescope encircled by a coded mask telescope encircled by a gradedgraded

DetectDetectionion plane ( plane (DPIXDPIX) made of 200 XRDPIX modules developed) made of 200 XRDPIX modules developed

Array of CdTe Array of CdTe detectorsdetectors

XRDPIXXRDPIXmodulesmodules

Useful area Useful area 1024 cm1024 cm22

Spectral band Spectral band 4.0 to 250 keV4.0 to 250 keV

Low threshold Low threshold 4.04.0 keV keV

40 cm40 cm

38 cm38 cm

52 cm52 cm

in the framework of CNES/CESR and CNES/CEA R&D programsin the framework of CNES/CESR and CNES/CEA R&D programs

shield collimator to reduce the cosmic diffuse induced shield collimator to reduce the cosmic diffuse induced backgroundbackground

Slide 35

ECLAIRs : the X and gamma cameraECLAIRs : the X and gamma camera

Detection UnitDetection Unitss in the Visible in the Visible (UDV) (UDV) disposed on the earth to

observe in the visible band a large fraction of the space

instrument field of view

Scientific Treatment Scientific Treatment Unit (UTS) Unit (UTS) to perform to perform realreal time time computation and computation and data handlingdata handling

XX and G and Gamma Camera amma Camera ((CXGCXG) ) to detect and localize to detect and localize GRBs in the GRBs in the 4-50 keV 4-50 keV energy energy band and to band and to pprovide spectra rovide spectra

→ → 250 keV250 keV

ECLAIRs : the scientific instrumentsECLAIRs : the scientific instruments

DUNEDUNE

distribution of dark matter in the universe

• telescope at L2 : visible-NIR wide field imaging of distant galaxies, type Ia supernovae, gravitational lensing effects

proposers : A. Refregier and O. Boulade (CEA), E. Barrelet (LPNHE), Y. Mellier (IAP)

theme highlighted in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025phase 0 level study starting

Dark energy and dark matter : the content of the Universe

Dark energy

Dark matterWhat is the nature of :

Dark energy ?

Dark matter ?

How to probe dark matter and dark energy ?

First method

Use of standard candles to measure distancesand expansion rate

Z ≤ 1.5 SNIa wide field imaging in Visible and

near IR

Z ≥ 2 GRB (?) ECLAIRS like mission(SVOM)

5°

5’

Second method : trace dark matter using gravitational lensing

Need to cover large surface

> 1000 deg2

DUNE (ongoing concept study)

baseline design optimized for weak lensing

1.2m diameter telescope0.48 deg2 field of view 56 CCDs optimised in red PSF FWHM 0.23” 0.115”/ pixels1 wide filter z+I+R 13 year observations (total) 60% observation efficiency

Observation strategy weak lensing 18000 deg2 at high galactic latitude ( |b| > 30◦ ) 1 wide filter filtre z+I+R 4 dithers × 375 sec = 1500 sec exposure limiting magnitude: mag 26.6 for galaxies (50% completeness) 35 usable galaxies per amin2 (> 7σ, > 1.2 PSF FWHM)

ground based followup for photometric redshifts

Matter

Ene

rgy

SAMPAMSAMPAM

polarization of the CMB (Planck Surveyor follow-on)

• cooled telescope at L2 : all sky survey in the submm range

• detectors : bolometer matrices at 0.1 K, CNES R&T ongoing

proposers : J.-L. Puget (IAS) + consortium (CRTBT, CESR, LAL, APC, IAP)

theme highlighted in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025

phase 0 level study starting

NEO rendezvous missionNEO rendezvous mission

rendezvous with a near Earth asteroid and caracterization of the object• small probe Smart 1-class ;

reference payload : radar tomography, IR spectro, multispectral imager, radioscience

proposers : M.-A. Barucci (Obs. Paris\LESIA) + consortium (OCA, LPG)

theme selected in Cosmic Vision 2015-2025

possible co-operations : Italy, UK, Germany

I, UK, D scientists in the science teamphase 0 starting

objective : study of « sprites »

TARANISTARANIS

4 instrument packages : cameras, EM waves, X and spectra, high energy electronsP/L development by several scientific laboratories in France (CEA/DAM, CNRS/LPCE), DK and USAPIs : Elisabeth Blanc (CEA) and François Lefeuvre (LPCE)phase A in 2005-2006

TARANISTARANIS

Mars in situ scienceMars in situ science

in the context of ESA’s new programme AURORA2011 : ExoMars, the 1st European mission landing on Mars

• main goal : demo of a European-built martian EDLS with a growth potential (EDLS scalable to bigger landers)

• Soyouz 2.1b launch from Kourou• 1 carrier vehicle with a lander / rover / geophysical station• robustness with respect to launch window shift• federative scientific objectives : geophysics, geochemistry,

exobiology

2016-2020 : Mars Sample Return, a mission (or a series of missions), international frame, important European participation planned

Mars in situ science : ExoMars 2011Mars in situ science : ExoMars 2011

procurement by a European consortium of the geophysical station (co-lead : IPGP+CNES and DLR)

partnership ESA / participating statespotential participations from Belgium, Canada, Germany,

Finlande, France, Italy, UK PHILAE / ROSETTA schemephase A in 2006

ENDEND