Space Surveillance and Trackingkauristi/WorkshoptoprepareCMINSST.pdf · Tim Flohrer | 13/Jan/2016| Slide 3 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use SST Definition Space Surveillance and

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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Space Surveillance and Tracking Achievements and Approach towards P3

SSA Programme Period 3 Workshop with Delegations Tim Flohrer, Holger Krag 13/01/2016

Tim Flohrer | 13/Jan/2016| Slide 2


Outline

• Achievements SST • Recap of key performance requirements and functional architecture of SST • Workplan activity status • SST system architecture • Radar and Optical Telescope developments • SST Sensor experience//Observation campaigns • Expert Centre requirements • Plans for remaining P2

• Approach towards P3 • Vision for SST in ESA SSA P3 • Considerations for SST landscape in Europe • Key areas for SST in P3 • SST Status per Building Block • Summary

• Discussion



SST Definition

Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) comprises detecting, cataloguing and predicting the orbits of objects orbiting the Earth and the derived applications

NB: in ESA context, the exploitation of (external) surveillance data is outside the scope of ESA’s SSA program. Operation support to missions based on surveillance data continues to be provided through services from ESA’s Space Debris Office.



ESA’s SSA/SST objectives

•Creating and maintaining a catalogue of man-made space objects •Conjunction prediction and risk analysis •Re-entry prediction •Fragmentation detection •Special mission support •Characterising sub-catalogue objects

SST Overall objectives

•P1 (Preparatory Phase) Developing a system architecture Development of core technology (radars and the data centre) Evaluation of precursor systems

•P2 Developing, prototyping and integrating a system that provides applications to European end users – focus on research, development and technological aspects Related end-to-end functionality demonstration

Per periods



Recap: SST Functional Architecture and Data Flow



Core Performance Requirements (1/2)

1. “The system shall provide catalogue coverage of all objects that have the potential to produce catastrophic collisions with European space-based assets”

the system has to cover object sizes of 32cm @ 2000km, 8cm @ 1000km and 5cm @ 800km altitude with 98% probability

2. “The system shall provide catalogue coverage for all payloads, upper stages and mission-related objects in near Earth space”

the system has to cover object sizes of about 50cm in GEO and MEO with 98% probability

3. “The system shall ensure an accuracy of the orbit data that is compatible with the requirements on actionable warnings for high-risk conjunction”

for at least 48h after orbit data generation, the 1-sigma position error shall be smaller than (radial x along-track x cross-track): For LEO: 40m x 200m x 100m For MEO: 600m x 3000m x 1500m For GEO: 2500m (in all directions)



Core Performance Requirements (2/2)

1. “The system shall provide contingency support and timely warnings in view of major orbital events (launches, fragmentations,…)”

the system shall detect and catalogue newly injected/generated objects: In LEO within 24h In MEO/GEO within 72h

2. “The system shall provide mission characterisation and support” the system shall be able to detect impulsive manoeuvres of >5mm/s

size The system shall be able to discriminate between controlled and

uncontrolled attitude modes



WORKPLAN ACTIVITY STATUS

Achievements SST



Current SST Activities – P2

No pending P2 Work Plan items (1 ITT still at tendering, 2 under negotiation, rest on-going or finished)

P2-SST-I Support software, visualisation, standardisation – on-going P2-SST-II Radar observations – negotiation P2-SST III/IV Requirements Analysis for Expert Centres - finished P2-SST-V/VI/VIII Gaps, Integration, Test and Validation, Development

– negotiation P2-SST-VII Expert centre establishment – bid evaluation P2-SST-IX T&V support – on-going P2-SST-X Sensor evaluation – ITT out

(Correlator) Prototyping a multi-source algorithm - on-going



SST SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Achievements SST



SST Proposed Architecture ESAPB-SSA(2015)28

Synthesis and further analysis of two SST segment architecture solutions based on SSA SRD • One surveillance radar • Tracking radars (less than ten, down to a total of five depending on

the selected location) • Ground-based optical telescopes, for both surveying and tracking:

at least four sites must be selected. Two (in performance terms) fully equivalent options of 21 and 28 telescopes are available

• One or two data centres: a non-technical decision on the need for distributing the functionality must be taken

• One space-based optical telescope • Complement: SST Expert Centre linking

segment-external laser ranging and passive optical capabilities



SST Proposed Architecture ESAPB-SSA(2015)28

Phased approach for implementation • Batch-wise deployment of sensor systems • Advanced or delayed inclusion of a

space-based component • Gradual increase of the data centre capabilities

to meet the actual sensor capabilities • Progressive increase of the surveillance

radar’s performances.



SST building blocks ESAPB-SSA(2015)28



Application SW data flow Subject to integration, T&V



RADAR AND OPTICAL TELESCOPE DEVELOPMENTS

Achievements SST



RADAR Activities during SSA Programme Periods 1&2

• Studies on radar technologies for the survey of space debris

• Development, deployment and T&V of two radar demonstrators (monostatic and bistatic

• Study of Medicina (I) INAF’s Northern Cross as receiving part of a surveillance radar



Optical Telescopes Activities during SSA Programme Periods 1&2

• Studies on optical telescopes technologies for survey and tracking/follow-up of space debris and NEOs (with first prototype for NEO Survey Telescope)

• Development of a Test-Bed system for the analysis of the automation of Space Debris and NEOs tracking



SENSOR EXPERIENCE OBSERVATION CAMPAIGNS

Achievements SST



Related SST Sensor experience

• Sensor landscape in Europe is dominated by contributing sensors (operated independently and not owned by ESA)

• Observation test campaigns using (available for T&V, E2E) • Radars (CAMRa, EISCAT, Monge, demonstrators at Santorcaz

and Palaiseau) • Optical telescopes (Zimmerwald telescopes, OGS, La Sagra

OAM, Starbrook, TFRM, TJO) • Laser ranging (SLR station in Graz)

• Further extension of these activities to new sensors • ESA’s robotic telescopes • Member state assets (EISCAT, telescopes, lasers)

• Support to operators in calibrating and improving sensors • Promoting sensor data format standardisation, as per CCSDS compliance



CPS and RPS E2E via observations

• RPS E2E test for re-entering objects • Useful data from MSSR radar for 2 re-entering objects:

Cosmos 1939 (observed October 2014) and SL-24 RB (observed February 2015)

• 3% and 20% relative difference to the real time of re-entry • RMS ~ 300 m for both objects with 5 days time span including

3 and 2 observation passes respectively • CPS validation with TJO at Montsec Observatory for GEO objects

• 2 high-risk conjunctions events on 19th – 20th October 2015, 4 nights

• RMS ~ 150m • CPS E2E test for LEO objects

• Historical data • RMS of the XYZ pseudo-measurements < 400m



SST EXPERT CENTRE REQUIREMENTS

Achievements SST



SST Expert Centre Requirements

• SST segment plans establishment of expert centres for optical and laser observations

• Successful data exchanges with national sensors through test campaigns in previous activities

• Loose sensor network under external control • Needs from SST and sensors:

for efficient interfacing, coordination, monitoring, sensor evaluation, parallel calibration, support of research and development, plus standardisation, through experts, too

• Establishing closer links with international forums, e.g. the ILRS Space Debris Study Group

• Requirement analysis through industry/academia contracts • Hybrid architecture combining optical and laser as temporary goal

• ExpCen Mission: Testing and validation of functions with strong technological focus in a coherent SST segment based on enormous European expertise


ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESA Unclassified – For Official Use

SST Expert Centre Architecture



PLANS FOR REMAINING P2

Achievements SST



Remaining activities during P2

• Under SST work plan activities • Integrate, test, and validate data systems, close gaps • Demonstrate E2E functionality from archived and new data • Acquire and process data from new sensor systems,

EISCAT, MSSR and BSSR • Maintain SST systems and applications • Finish SW Analysis Tools and visualisation tools • Finish declassification software for radars • Deploy first version on Expert Centres

• Support R&T in SSA • Correlator prototype • Maintain link with relevant ESA TECNET TDs to identify critical

technologies and components for SST



Support SW, Standardisation

Under development • Different possible approaches for SST system architectures call for

flexible performance simulator: SSTAN (SST analysis tool) • Different and emerging needs for SST data visualisation, also in

coordination with the ESA Space Debris Office providing operational support: SST Visualisation Toolbox, 3D visualisation of CCSDS messages

• Standardisation (CCSDS) of • Orbit Data Messages, Conjunction Data Messages (existing) • Re-entry and Fragmentation Data Messages (new) • important for further SST cooperation in Europe


ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESA Unclassified – For Official Use

-> Support software and Standards

www.esa.int European Space Agency



VISION FOR SST IN ESA SSA P3

SSA/SST P3 Approach



Vision for SST in P3

“Research, development and demonstration of SST sensor and data processing technologies for member states and ESA, based on throughout persistent exploitation of a critical mass of survey data”



CONSIDERATIONS FOR SST LANDSCAPE IN EUROPE

SSA/SST P3 Approach



SST landscape in Europe

• SST landscape has evolved significantly since the declaration of ESA’s SSA program: multiple national and multi-national initiatives of different maturity and levels

• ESA aims at • Staying complementary with national activities avoiding

duplication • Leading the coordinated R&D of processing approaches

among the SST actors in Europe – Standardisation – Common kernels (under community development)

• Facilitating, researching and developing cross-national components and technologies (e.g. space-based)

• Providing its expertise and support in sensor qualification and evaluation and calibration to national and multi-national initiatives



KEY AREAS FOR SST IN P3 SSA/SST P3 Approach



Key areas for SST in period 3



Collaboration

• R&D and demonstration of an effective exchange with external sensors • Qualify, evaluate and promote observations in SST • Promote interoperability • Within and beyond a European SST sensor network

• Establishment and demonstration of operations of an SST Expert Centre to work with system-external data

• Continuation of establishment, focus on T&V through active networking of available ESA and national assets

• Expert Centre as node to support sensor test and evaluation • Fund sensor operations for the functional validation as R&D

• Run experimental cataloguing function • Address typical and special cataloguing needs (launches,

object releases, object manoeuvres, resolving clusters of objects, …)



Support cross-national technology development at all TRL, common components

• Research and development for • Surveillance radars, also

addressing modern tracking radars • Optical sensors in networks • Laser tracking • Space-based approaches • and the related sensor data

processing • Example for space-based sensors

(GSP/TRP, now GSTP) : system architecture analysis (preliminary design of flexible payload) and system concepts Demonstrator or hosted payload on EO mission

• Development towards credible mission design, in collaboration with national entities

Example: Astrium SBSS demo-mission concept




Conduct basic SST research: • Advanced processing techniques, correlation, orbit determination, and data fusion

approaches • Ground-based sensor technologies and processing techniques

• Surveillance and Tracking radars, and combined functions radars (survey+tracking)

• Multi-beams optimised observations strategies • Implementation of technological enhancements of the two breadboard radars

(range, object size, re-observation) benefitting from modular architecture by augmentation of FoR and/or transmit power and/or receiver area

• Refurbishment of Medicina (I) Northern Cross antenna, and procurement of a suitable Transmitting antenna, to create a surveillance radar

• Full validation and exploitation of Robotic Telescopes Test-Bed • Technology studies/prototyping/validation of optical components and of laser

ranging • Flow back into common core development and to national programs




• SST expert centres evolving towards SST qualification and calibrations services

• Link with international forums, e.g., with the ILRS and its Space Debris Study Group

• Drive the development and evaluation of new technologies



SST Data processing

• National systems will co-exist and exchange data according to applicable national policies

• Need for R&D towards defining and establishing a common core approach for software kernels for data generation and formats

• Not constraining the national approaches!, but save costs, offer harmonisation and mitigate risk

• Will generate opportunities for industry, in particular SMEs, hence will increase competitiveness

• ESA has schemas available (community licensing, EGS-CC example) • Study the feasibility, technical and licensing needs • Detail an approach • Start with implementation



SST Data processing

Continuation of the technological improvement of SST applications based on the results achieved during SSA P1 and SSA P2 • Focus work on back-end

• Catalogue build-up and maintenance, sensor tasking, data (de)classification

• Scheduling network sensors (E2E validation) • Processing (support of collaboration item)

• Standardisation of application output formats • Conjunction prediction, re-entry prediction, fragmentation

detection, mission support (e.g. tracking campaigns on pre-defined objects)

• Maintain and further integrate SST applications



System architecture

• Consolidation of the existing SST architecture bottom-up • Consider evolved SST topology in European context



SST STATUS PER BUILDING BLOCK

SSA/SST P3 Approach



SST Status overview

Sensors

Ground-based Survey Radar

Tracking Radar

Ground-based Optical Telescopes

Ground-based Laser Tracking

Space-based Optical Telescope

Processing

SST Processing Pipeline • Sensor Data Processing • Orbit Determination • Catalogue Correlation • Catalogue Maintenance • Sensor Planning and scheduling

SST Expert Centres for Optical and Laser observation

Standardisation

Applications

Others • Sub-catalogue Characterisation • Mission Support • Mission Characterisation

Conjunction Processing

Re-entry Prediction

Fragmentation Detection

Catalogue Query

now P3 SRD



Summary

1. Fragmenting of SST activities in Europe must be mitigated • Complete developments, and the related integration, testing and

validation of ESA’s SST (data) system • Acquire data for testing and R&D • Enable and support the qualification of national assets • Establish a common SST data processing core • Study and specify cross-national components (hw/sw) • Drive the development, adaptation and maintenance of

SST-related standards • Maintain ESA’s current approach towards external SSA partners

2. Four topics for SST in P3 proposal • Collaboration • Sensor technology R&D • SST Data processing • System architecture

3. Status assessment per building block



Discussion

Documents

Space Surveillance and Trackingkauristi/WorkshoptoprepareCMINSST.pdf · Tim Flohrer | 13/Jan/2016| Slide 3 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use SST Definition Space Surveillance and