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Spanish Adjectives: Part I
Adjectives are frequently descriptive. That is, most often adjectives are used to describe a noun, or distinguish the noun from a group of similar objects. For example, an adjective might describe the color of an object.
the red penthe blue pen
In Spanish, most adjectives change form, depending upon whether the word they modify is masculine or feminine. Notice the difference between "the tall boy" and "the tall girl.“
el chico altola chica alta
Adjectives also change form depending upon whether the word they modify is singular or plural. Notice the difference between "the tall boy" and "the tall boys" "the tall girl" and "the tall girls.“
el chico altolos chicos altos
la chica altalas chicas altas
Many common adjectives end in -o. These adjectives have four forms. The following words all mean "tall":
altoaltaaltosaltas
The correct form of the adjective depends upon the noun it modifies. Is the noun masculine or feminine? Singular or plural?
libro rojored book
pluma rojared pen
libros rojosred books
plumas rojasred pens
Notice how the endings of the nouns and these adjectives are similar.
libro rojopluma rojalibros rojosplumas rojas
Adjectives that end in -e also change form for singular or plural. To form the
plural, simply add -s.la chica inteligente
las chicas inteligentes
Adjectives that end in -e do not, however, change form for masculine or feminine.
la chica inteligenteel chico inteligente
las chicas inteligenteslos chicos inteligentes
Similarly, most adjectives that end in a consonant do change form for singular or plural, but do not change for masculine or feminine. To form the plural, add -es.
la chica popularel chico popular
las chicas populareslos chicos populares
