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Ten Essentials They have been redefined
• Navigation: Map, Compass, Altimeter, GPS
• Hydration: Water, Container
• Sun Protection: Sunglasses, Sunscreen
• Insulation: extra Clothing
• Illumination: Headlamp or Flashlight
Ten Essentials (con’t)
• First Aid Supplies:• Fire: Matches/Lighter, Firestarter
• Emergency Shelter:• Repair Kit & Tools: Knife, Duct tape
• Nutrition: extra Food
Ten Essentials Plus
• Signaling for Rescue:– Active: Signal mirror, Whistle, Radio, Cellphone
– Passive: Surveyors tape, Reflective cord
• Insect:• Snow Travel:
– Shelter Building: Snow shovel, Snow saw
– Ground Insulation: Foam sit pad
– Avalanche Rescue: Avalanche Beacon, Shovel, Probe
Sunscreens
• SPF rating is only for UVB rays
• Best UVA ingredients– Mechanical Blockers:
• Zinc Oxide (Z-Cote)
• Titanium Dioxide
– Chemical Screens• Parsol 1789 (avobenzone)
• Mexoryl SX (available in Canada)
Sunscreens with Zinc Oxide
• Dermatone Sunscreen Lotion SPF 36 (Z-Cote 10%) [3]• Sol Sunguard Blue Water SPF 36 (Zn 10%) [3]• Long’s Surf Ski Cote w/Zinc Oxide SPF 45+ (Zn 6.86%) [4]• Blue Lizard SPF 30+ (Zn 5.7%) [4]• Long’s Pacific Sun Triple Action SPF 30 or 50 (Zn 4%, 5%) [5,6]• Olay Complete All Day SPF 15 (Zn 3%) [2]• Eucerin Extra Protective Moisture Lotion SPF 30 (Zn & Ti) [5]• Coppertone Spectra 3 SPF 30 or SPF 50 (Zn _%) [5,6]• Sea & Ski SPF 50 Platinum Sunscreen (Zn _%) [4]• Available in Canada:
– Ombrelle Kids Cream SPF 45 - no Zn but 3 UVA ingredients(Mexoryl SX 3%, Parsol 1789 2%, & Ti 3.6%) [4]
[x] = number of Active Ingredients
Insect Repellents
• Mosquito: DEET (controlled release is best)– 3m Ultrathon– Sawyer Controlled Release– NOTE: DEET is bad for some plastics
• No-see-um, Flies: MGK-264 with MGK-326– Sawyers Broad Spectrum– Cutters Tick Defense
• For Clothing: Permethrin 0.5%– Permanone– ExOfficio Buzz Off clothing
Photon Micro Lights
• Note the burn times– Yellow 120-hr CR2032 (1ea)– Orange 120-hr CR2032 (1ea)– Red 120-hr CR2032 (1ea)
– Green 20-hr CR2016 (2ea)– White 12-hr CR2016 (2ea)– Turquoise 12-hr CR2016 (2ea)– Blue 12-hr CR2016 (2ea)– www.photonlight.com
Waterproof/Breathable Fabric
• eVENT most breathable WB fabric
– Integral Designs: Tents and Bivys– Montane Jacket
• Nexus Epic treated fabric WR/B– Black Diamond tents– Jackets
• Feathered Friends
• Wild Things Gear
Waterproof Fabric
• Silicone impregnated Ripstop Nylon, 1.35-oz/sq.yd. (SilNyl, SilNylon, etc.)
• Seam Sealing– GE Silicone II Clear mixed 1:1 with Mineral
Spirits– Also use for strips on floor to reduce sliding
Fabric Sources
• Outdoor Wilderness Fabrics www.owfinc.com
• Quest Outfitters www.questoutfitters.com
• Seattle Fabrics www.seattlefabrics.com
• Source for Iron-on reflective tape– Textile Outfitters www.justmakeit.com
Stoves, etc.
• Jetboil• Make a Pot Cozy
• Canister Stoves– Heat small quantities of water– Use heat screen but not around canister
• Cheapest titanium canister stove:– Markill Hot Rod Titanium #69370 $49.95
Lightweight Tents & Tarps
• Albion’s MO www.albionsmo.com• Black Diamond www.blackdiamondequipment .com• Cooke www.cookecustomsewing.com • Dancing Light Gear http://trailquest.net/store.html • GoLite www.golite.com• Integral Designs www.integraldesigns.com• LW Gear www.members.tripod.com/lwgear/ lwg.html• Mandatory Gear www.mandatorygear.com• Moonbow Trail Gear www.moonbowgear.com• Oware www.owareusa.com
LtWt Tents & Tarps (con’t)
• Six Moon Designs www.sixmoondesigns.com• Stephenson Warmlite www.warmlite.com• Tarptent www.tarptent.com• Wanderlust www.wanderlustgear.com
• Other useful sites:
– www.equipped.org– www.backpackinglight.com
Clothing
• Blister Guard socks with Teflon• Feathered Friends www.featheredfriends.com • GoLite www.golite.com
• Liberty Mountain (Montane) www.libertymountain.com
• Montbell www.montbell.com/america/index.asp
• Western Mountaineering www.westernmountaineering.com
• Wild Things www.wildthingsgear.com
Knives
• Can you open your knife – If your hands are cold and stiff?– With winter gloves or mittens on?– If arthritic? – If you are injured?
• Can you hold and use it with any of the above?
• There is a good argument for a fixed blade knife.
Fixed Blade Knives
• Characteristics of a good knife for shelter building and splitting wood.– Style: Scandinavian style knives and blades– Weight: Lightweight , <7-oz w/sheath– Blade:3.5” - 5.5”, Plain (non-serrated), Flat ground or
slight concave.– Steel: High Carbon Steel - rusts but easier to sharpen in
field (Briwax for rust proof)– Tang: Full length; either Full tang or Full bar tang– Handle: Large, smooth, no finger grooves for comfort– Guard: none
Inexpensive fixed-blade knives by Frosts, Mora, Sweden
• Frosts FT-840 Clipper: High Carbon Steel, Red butt, 3.8-oz w/sheath $13
• Frosts FT-860 Clipper: 12C27 Stainless Steel, Orange, Blue, or O.D. butt,3.8-oz w/sheath $13
• Frosts S2H Traditional Craftsman: High Carbon Steel, wood handle 3.0-oz w/sheath $13 [Laminated steel avail.]
• www.alssadventures.com
Other fixed-blade knives $50 - $110
• Fallkniven: F1 Swedish AF Survival Knife, 6.8-oz $75
• Cold Steel: 36JSK or 36C Master Hunter $55
• Grohmann: R3SF Boat Knife, Flat ground, 5.6-oz $56
• Grohmann: RK2S Bird & Trout, 4.2-oz $56
• Bark River Knife & Tool: Woodland, Highland, Northstar $75
• Foster Knives: Weishuhn Hunter, Fears Survival $110
Saws
• Why– Useful to cut small trees in Helicopter LZ or Hoist
Zone
• Good saws– Gerber #46036 Exchange-A-Blade folding saw
– Supreme Products #PS101 Pocket Chain Saw 28”
– Supreme Products #PS109 the Un-Believable Saw 22”
New Books
• 98.6 Degrees: The art of keeping your ass alive. Cody Lundin. 2003.
• The Outdoor Knots Book. Clyde Soles. 2004
• GPS Made Easy. Lawrence Letham. 4th Ed 2003.
• GPS Navigation Guide. Jack W. Peters. 2003.
Stores - Seattle
• Feathered Friends - 119 Yale N @ Stewart• Metsker Maps - 1511 First Ave• Outdoor & More - 510 Westlake Ave N• Outdoor Research - 2202 1st Ave S @ Walker• Pro Mountain Sports - 5625 University Way NE• Pro Ski Service - 8954 Aurora Ave N• Second Ascent - 5209 Ballard Ave NW• Seattle Fabrics -8702 Aurora Ave N
Magnetic Declination
• At Snoqualmie Pass - May 15, 2004
• 18° 00’ E [rate of change -7’/year]
• www.ngdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmag/ declination1.p1
WGS84 to NAD27
• NOTE WGS84 = NAD83• Transformations at Snoqualmie Pass
– Meters: Lat. +18.4m; Long. -91.0m– Seconds: Lat. +0.60”; Long. -4.34”– Minutes: Lat. +0.010’; Long. -0.072’– Total sift: 92.8 meters
• www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nadcon.pr1
