Sparta vs. AthensSparta vs. Athens

LocationLocationSparta Sparta

South-central region of South-central region of Greece known as the Greece known as the PeloponnesusPeloponnesus

AthensAthens

Northeast of Sparta on Northeast of Sparta on the Aegean coastthe Aegean coast

MilitaryMilitarySparta Sparta

Greatest military power in Greatest military power in GreeceGreece

Only goalOnly goalto be to be MILITARY STRONGMILITARY STRONG

Kings led the armyKings led the army Spartan boys were sent Spartan boys were sent

to live in military camps to live in military camps when they were sevenwhen they were seven

AthensAthens Army and navyArmy and navy TriremesTriremes: warships that : warships that

had 3 levels or rowers, had 3 levels or rowers, one above the otherone above the other

Delian LeagueDelian League

-common navy-common navy Played a role in the Played a role in the

Persian WarsPersian Wars

CitizenshipCitizenshipSparta Sparta

Only aristocrats Only aristocrats were citizenswere citizens

Helots and Helots and perioeci were perioeci were NOT citizensNOT citizens

AthensAthens 750 B.C. Athenian nobles, 750 B.C. Athenian nobles,

merchants, and manufacturers took merchants, and manufacturers took over the governmentover the government

594 B.C. Solon prepared a 594 B.C. Solon prepared a constitution that broke the political constitution that broke the political power of the richpower of the rich

-he offered citizenship to artisans -he offered citizenship to artisans who were not Athenianswho were not Athenians

560 B.C. Pesistratus stated that a 560 B.C. Pesistratus stated that a person no longer had to own land to person no longer had to own land to be a citizen.be a citizen.

Athenian males became citizens at Athenian males became citizens at 18 years old.18 years old.

BabiesBabies

Sparta Sparta Newborn babies were examined to see if they were Newborn babies were examined to see if they were

healthy.healthy. If they were healthy, then they were allowed to live.If they were healthy, then they were allowed to live. If they were not healthy, then they were left on a hillside If they were not healthy, then they were left on a hillside

to die.to die.

GovernmentGovernmentSpartaSparta

Ruled by a king at firstRuled by a king at first By 800 B.C., aristocrats took By 800 B.C., aristocrats took

over the government and over the government and from then on 2 kings ruled at from then on 2 kings ruled at a time (oligarchy)a time (oligarchy)Assembly -the Assembly was Assembly -the Assembly was open to open to all males over all males over 20 years old20 years old

-passed laws & made -passed laws & made decisions about war and decisions about war and peacepeace

-each year chose 5 -each year chose 5 members known as ephors members known as ephors (managers)(managers)

--they controlled public they controlled public affairs and educated affairs and educated young Spartansyoung Spartans

AthensAthens Ruled by a king at firstRuled by a king at first 750 B.C., Athenian 750 B.C., Athenian

nobles, merchants, and nobles, merchants, and manufacturers took over manufacturers took over the governmentthe government

OligarchyOligarchy Changes in governmentChanges in government

1. Draco tried to change 1. Draco tried to change the government but failed the government but failed because his punishments because his punishments were too harshwere too harsh

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

Changes in governmentChanges in government

(continued)(continued)

2. 594 B.C., Solon took 2. 594 B.C., Solon took over government and over government and prepared a constitution to prepared a constitution to break political power of break political power of the richthe rich

3. 560 B.C., Peisistratus 3. 560 B.C., Peisistratus took overtook over he was in he was in favor of the lower classesfavor of the lower classes

SpartaSparta

Council of Elders-helped Council of Elders-helped the ephors the ephors -suggested laws to the -suggested laws to the assemblyassembly-served as a high court-served as a high court

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

-Peisistratus’ sons took over -Peisistratus’ sons took over government after his death-soon government after his death-soon after, Spartans overthrew their after, Spartans overthrew their gov’t.gov’t.508 B.C., Spartans were 508 B.C., Spartans were overthrown by Cleisthenes, a overthrown by Cleisthenes, a noblenoble

4. He put into effect the world’s first 4. He put into effect the world’s first constitution constitution

-Democratic Constitution, -Democratic Constitution, favoring the equality of all favoring the equality of all peoplepeople

-the Assembly was open to -the Assembly was open to all males over 20 years oldall males over 20 years old

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

-each year, the Assembly elected 10 -each year, the Assembly elected 10 generals who did the following:generals who did the following:– 1. run the Athenian army and 1. run the Athenian army and

navy navy – 2. serve as chief magistrates, or 2. serve as chief magistrates, or

judges. judges. – 3. one of them was named 3. one of them was named

commander-in-chiefcommander-in-chief

-Council of Five Hundred-Council of Five Hundred

-council members were -council members were chosen each year by lot instead of by chosen each year by lot instead of by vote (2 reasons?)vote (2 reasons?)

BoysBoysSparta (military camps)Sparta (military camps)

Sent to live in military Sent to live in military camps at age 7camps at age 7trained in groupstrained in groupslearned how to read, learned how to read, write, and use weaponswrite, and use weaponsgiven small amount of given small amount of foodfoodwent barefoot with one went barefoot with one cloak to wearcloak to wearonly spoke when only spoke when necessarynecessaryexamined every 10 days examined every 10 days to check they were not to check they were not getting fat getting fat

AthensAthensIt was required that It was required that citizens educated their citizens educated their sonssonsNo public schoolsNo public schoolshad a tutor had a tutor attended private schoolattended private schoolstarting at 7, they studied starting at 7, they studied writing, math, and musicwriting, math, and musicmemorized Homer’s work memorized Homer’s work and other famous Greek and other famous Greek poetspoetspracticed sports practiced sports

MenMenSparta Sparta

expected to marry at age expected to marry at age 2020

couldn’t have a couldn’t have a household of their ownhousehold of their own

expected to live and eat expected to live and eat in military barracks—in military barracks—shared expenses with shared expenses with other soldiersother soldiers

could retire from army could retire from army when they turned 60when they turned 60

AthensAthensbecame citizens at age 18became citizens at age 18

went to the temple of Zeus went to the temple of Zeus – At the temple, they took an oath At the temple, they took an oath

of citizenship in front of family of citizenship in front of family and friendsand friends

promised to do the promised to do the following:following:1. help make Athens a better place 1. help make Athens a better place

in which to live in which to live

2. be honorable in battle2. be honorable in battle

3. follow the constitution3. follow the constitution

4. respect their religion4. respect their religion

WomenWomenSparta Sparta

more freedom than more freedom than women of other women of other Greek city-statesGreek city-states

mixed freely with menmixed freely with men

enjoyed sports enjoyed sports (wrestling, racing)(wrestling, racing)

told their men to told their men to come home with their come home with their shields if the men shields if the men were sent into battlewere sent into battle

AthensAthens

spent most time at home spent most time at home performing household performing household dutiesduties

didn’t go out without a didn’t go out without a chaperonechaperone

only went out to visit only went out to visit other women or attend other women or attend religious festivalsreligious festivals

never spoke to men on never spoke to men on the street or entertained the street or entertained their husbands’ friendstheir husbands’ friends

Social ClassesSocial ClassesSparta Sparta

*upper class settled near *upper class settled near the agorathe agoraupper classupper class aristocrats aristocrats (*trained for the army (*trained for the army and war)and war)perioeci (merchants and perioeci (merchants and artisans who lived in the artisans who lived in the villages) villages) (*worked)(*worked)

-they were neither -they were neither enslaved people enslaved people

nor nor citizenscitizensHelots (enslaved people Helots (enslaved people owned by the city-states owned by the city-states who worked the land) who worked the land) (*worked)(*worked)

AthensAthens*upper class settled near the agora*upper class settled near the agora Lower classLower class farmers farmers Upper-class Upper-class

Athenians(nobles, Athenians(nobles, merchants, and merchants, and manufacturers) made manufacturers) made reforms to resist an reforms to resist an uprising against the uprising against the government due to government due to fights between the fights between the nobles, farmers, nobles, farmers, artisans over land artisans over land ownershipownership

Culture-Jobs/Arts/EntertainmentCulture-Jobs/Arts/EntertainmentSparta Sparta

Helots and perioeci—Helots and perioeci—enslaved people, enslaved people, merchants, and merchants, and artisansartisanssportssportsresisted change so resisted change so new ideas wouldn’t new ideas wouldn’t weaken their way of weaken their way of life (farming society life (farming society dependant on slaves)dependant on slaves)only goalonly goal to be to be military strong!!!military strong!!!

AthensAthensmerchants, artisans, merchants, artisans, and farmersand farmersSportsSportsschoolschoolliterature, art, , literature, art, , philosophy, and philosophy, and music reached new music reached new heights during heights during Pericles’ reignPericles’ reignstrong religious strong religious beliefs and respect for beliefs and respect for democracydemocracy

Role in the Persian WarsRole in the Persian WarsSpartaSparta

Battle of ThermopylaeBattle of Thermopylae300 Spartans 300 Spartans remained…. remained…. ……but were then killed but were then killed at the pass when a at the pass when a Greek traitor informed Greek traitor informed the Persians where the Persians where the Greeks waited.the Greeks waited.

AthensAthens sent warships to help Ionia revolt sent warships to help Ionia revolt

after their defeat by the Persiansafter their defeat by the Persians -Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)-Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.) -Greeks won-Greeks won --Battle of Thermopylae (480 Battle of Thermopylae (480

B.C.)B.C.) *Greeks lost*Greeks lost -Battle of Salamis-Battle of Salamis Greeks won (lighter, faster Greeks won (lighter, faster

ships defeated the Persian ships defeated the Persian fleet)fleet)

-Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.)-Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.) Greeks wonGreeks won *all victories were due to their *all victories were due to their

powerful navypowerful navy

Delian LeagueDelian LeagueSparta Sparta

one of the few city- states one of the few city- states that did not jointhat did not join

AthensAthens

formed a defensive league, or formed a defensive league, or protective group, (Delian League) protective group, (Delian League) since Persians still ruled Ioniasince Persians still ruled Ionia

once a city-state became a League once a city-state became a League member, it could not withdrawal member, it could not withdrawal unless all members agreedunless all members agreed

common navycommon navy

-ships built and crewed by -ships built and crewed by Athenians but costs paid by Athenians but costs paid by other city-statesother city-states

Athens gained more and more Athens gained more and more power over timepower over time

Delian LeagueDelian LeagueAthensAthens

turned into the Athenian Empireturned into the Athenian Empire

Pericles (general/main leader at the time) Pericles (general/main leader at the time) known as the “first citizen” of Athensknown as the “first citizen” of Athens

He dreamed of Athens as being the He dreamed of Athens as being the most beautiful, perfect city most beautiful, perfect city

He rebuilt palaces and temples on the AcropolisHe rebuilt palaces and temples on the Acropolis

1. The Parthenon (temple of Athena)1. The Parthenon (temple of Athena)

2. the Long Walls—connected Athens to 2. the Long Walls—connected Athens to Piraeus (seaport)Piraeus (seaport)

art, philosophy, and literature reached new heights art, philosophy, and literature reached new heights during this timeduring this time

DeclineDeclineSparta Sparta

Sparta ruled Greece Sparta ruled Greece after the after the Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War—Spartans were —Spartans were harsh rulers who harsh rulers who angered the other angered the other GreeksGreeks371 B.C., Thebes 371 B.C., Thebes overthrew Spartan overthrew Spartan rulerule

AthensAthens

30-year Peloponnesian War was 30-year Peloponnesian War was the start of the end-404 B.C. the start of the end-404 B.C. Athens surrendered to SpartaAthens surrendered to Sparta

War and plague killed many War and plague killed many Athenians and thousands of Athenians and thousands of Athenian men became Athenian men became mercenaries (hired soldiers) who mercenaries (hired soldiers) who left home.left home.

Athens revolted and set up a Athens revolted and set up a democracy again, but they didn’t democracy again, but they didn’t have the power they once had have the power they once had