SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY - adiscuola.it · MILESTONES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY 1889 First school was establiehed for blinds and deafs « Istanbul trade school » 1952 The

SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY

Buca Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi

MILESTONES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY 1889 First school was establiehed for blinds and deafs « Istanbul trade school » 1952 The first school was established to train staff in special education « Ankara education enstitude » 1961 Special education was located constitution first time 1983 Children in need of special education law = Peer education and early period education were located constitution first time:2916 1987 “Circular about pre-school education of special needs children ” 1997 Decree = pre-school education was a part of compulsory education for special needs children with a decree. Participating rights and responsibilities have been granted about their children educational decisions for parents with this decree. No:573 2000 SEN and entegration education were located constitution first time. 2006 2009 2012 Disabled people low with three diffrerent regulation : improvements were made to the law on special education. New born baby, early childhood and every period of childhood were located constitution first time. Also this low explain us that on this periods monitoring of physical , auditory, sensory, social, spiritual, and mental development, early detection of hereditary diseases that can cause barriers and preventing barriers are belong to the health ministry.. No:5378


OFFICIAL DIRECTION STEPS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY

• Teachers canalize students to the school guidance service if they think it is necessary.

• If service think it is necessary, students is sended to child psychiatrist. • If psychiatrist think it is necessary, students is sended to Guidance and Research

Center. Special Education Evaluation Assembly interest with this kind of situations . Assembly decide which kind of education and school are prefered for student. Assembly’s report about student is renewed every year.

Every school is an integration school. Schools have to do regulations for different type and level SEN students. It is expected to school’s adapting to the student but not student’s adapting.


Provincial national education directories, formal and informal educational institutions, health foundations, universities, Social Services and Child Protection Agencies and local government units share responsibility to sending sen students to the guidance and research centers for diagnostics. Families contribute to the creation of school education and evaluation plan with students and teachers. Providing information to parents about the curriculum implementation and the situation of children is compulsory for schools. The principle of equality and mutual respect are valid both side of the school-family collaboration.

• INSTITUTIONS THAT SHARING RESPOSIBILITY WITH SCHOOLS IN

SPECIAL EDUCATION


EDUCATION CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO SPECIAL

EDUCATION LAW

• Visually disabled people • Hearing disabled people • Speech and language disorders • Physical (orthopedic) disabled

people • High level gifted and talented

children • Mental disabled people • Children with learning difficulties • incompatible children (autism ve

hyperactivity)


VISUALLY DISABLED PEOPLE:

Snellen Card

İŞİTME NGELLİLER : Pure tone audiometry Bone conduction test

Play audiometry Speech audiometry

DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS USED IN TURKEY

MENTAL DISABLED: IQ and adaptive behavior questionnaire Intelligence questionnaires: 1.Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 2.Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children 3.Leiter Intelligence Scale 4. Porteus labyrinths Scale 5. Kohs Cubes Scales 6. Goodenough-Harris Drawing human picture scale Adaptive behavior questionnaires are not used in Turkey. Instead of this some development scales are used between age 0-6 1. Denver Developmental Screening Scale 2. Ankara Developmental Screening inventory 3. Gazi Early Childhood Development Evaluation Tool

SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS : Communication Inventory Pre-School Language Scale Language Clinic Evaluation Peabody Word Test with Picture Early Language Development Test INCOMPATIBLE CHILDREN: Behavior Evaluation Scale for children and

teenagers Conners Rating questionnaires Social skill evaluation Scale Revised Behavior Problem Control List CHILDREN WITH LEARNING

DIFFICULTIES : Specific learning disabilities battery, WISC-R PHYSICAL DISABLED PEOPLE : Peabody Developmental Motor Scale Bayley Baby Development scale Ankara Developmental Screening inventory


OFFICIALS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION REHABILITATION CENTERS AND SCHOOLS

1. Primary school teacher 2. Child development and education teacher 3. Pre-school teacher 4. Physiotherapist 5. Audiology and speech disorders expert 6. Language and speech disorders expert 7. Speech and language therapist 8. Speech and language pathologist 9. Guidance counselor 10. Psychologist


SCHOOLS THAT SEN STUDENTS CAN TAKE

EDUCATION

• Most restrictive

• Least restrictive

• Boarding Special Education School

• Day time Special Education School

• Special education class

• Half-time Integration • Source Room Supported

Integration • Full Time Integration


IN SERVICE TRAINING THAT TEACHERS IN TURKEY HAVE TO GET FOR IMPROVING THEIR INTEGRATION EDUCATION QUALIFICATIONS

1. Integration Applications 2. Special Education 3. Behavior Changing 4. Classroom Management 5. Teaching of Academic Skills 6. Family Education 7. Individuals with Special Needs 8. Legal regulations on Special Education 9. Evaluation 10. Educational Regulations 11. Development of Teaching Materials

Buca Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu

Lisesi

• Early-childhood Education • Primary Education • Secondary Education • High School Education • Vocational Education

• SOME NOTES • Date of the regisration can not be suitable to the school calender. • Toilet Training Requirement is not necessary for registration to the school. • Disabled students are obliged to attend school. • Precautions about students’ attendance are taken by school administration. • Student registrations do not delete until they reach end of compulsory education age. • Individual development report are prepared and given with school report for level of knowledge and skills

acquisition. • Students who completed attence requirement do not evaluate as unsuccessful. • If students could not take education 12 weeks with healt problem reason, Education at home is arrenged. • Education at home couldn’t be totally more than 10 hours . • Hospital class is open at hospitals for sen students who are hospitalized. • If necessary, national education ministry take precautions for sen students’ free transportation. • Lunches are free. • Maximum students of special education classes 10 for early childhood , primary and secondary school

15 for high school and non-formal education

SPECIAL EDUCATION SERVICES IN EDUCATIONAL LEVELS


INDIVIDUAL EDUCATINON PLANS (IEPs) APPLICATION PRINCIPLES IN TURKEY

1. The program should be prepared by a team 2. The program must be valid, easy to apply and

reliable 3. The program must be functional 4. The program must be appropriate type and degree

of the individual's disability and age 5. The program sould be based on the characteristics

of each disability groups 6. The program should be include a social content 7. The program must have Long-term and short-term

purposes 8. Before program was applied expected output and

products from the individual should be noted 9. Skills should be determined for acquiring output

and product


EARLY CHILHOOD EDUCATION (nursery)

1. Education of 0 - 36 months old children 2. Service institutions are as follows : 1. Special education kindergartens 2. Special education schools that include

kindergarten class 3. Research and application centers 4. Private kindergartens and day care centers 3. 30 – 40 minutes one to one teaching is done 4. It is essential to informing and supporting to

families


.

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

(KINDERGARTEN)

1. Education of 37 - 69 months old children 2. Pre-education is compulsory 3. Education with integration is essential. 4. Special education classes are opened at

private schools 5. Rates of sen students are 2:10; 1:20 6. Students with different dissabilities can

coexist


PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS ARE DIVIDED TWO PARTS

1. Education with integration 2. Education at different classes

EDUCATION WITH INTEGRATION 1. Education is applied half or full time 2. School program is monitoring and ve IEPs are applied 3. Sen students take same diploma with their peers 4. Class arrangement is done and support education room is opened 5. Student rates are 2:25; 1:35 6. Schools take precaution for central examinations 7. Succesfull is evaluate according to IEPs 8. Time, environment, equipment and materials are arrengement on

the exams 9. Students may be exempt from some lessons > Foreign language lesson for hearing and mental disable people > Drawing lesson for visually disable people > Lesson that require motor skills for physical disable people > Integration students can repeat same class once


SPECIAL EDUCATION CLASS 1. Special education class that apply same program with school which located in 2. Special education class that apply special education program

Special education class that apply same program with school which located in 1. Special education classes are opened for hearing and visually disable people 2. Training is performed with combined class application 3. Max student number of the class can be 10 4. Students take some lessons and social activities with their peers

Special education class that apply special education program 1. Special education classes is opened at primary,secondary and high schools 2. Training is performed with combined class application 3. Evaluation and number of the students are determined like special education schools 4. Students take some lessons and social activities with their peers


SUPPORT EDUCATION ROOM

• Support education rooms are opened for

full time integration students • Total lesson times can’t reach more than

%40 of the weekly lesson times • Special education, pre-school field and

primary school teachers can assignment


HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION

• If they couldn’t attend to the general vocational and technical schools, they can attend day time vocational schools

• Students with different kind of dissabilities take education together and They are divided into separate classes according to their disabilities

• Number of the students for imcompatible disabilities is 6 for others 10 • They have same rights with other students for the business applications

• Business school : They are 4 years schools for students with slight intellectual disabilities between 15 – 21 ages. They take business school diploma. This diploma is not equal high school diploma and not valid for university education but valid for getting a job


.

PROBLEMS IN TURKISH SPECIAL EDUCATION

According to the family and social policies ministry research

2013:

• Insufficient of human resources and equipment at the educational evaluation and diagnostics process in guidance and research Centers

• There are some routing and placement problems for multiple disability groups in guidance and research Centers

• Turkish families do not have enough informatiom about special education institutions services and their legal rights

• Family-centered service policies are not enough in special education and rehabilitation centers


SOME STATISTICAL INFORMATION FROM TURKEY 1. Average disability rate %10-12 2. The rate of individuals who need special education %14 3. The rate of benefit from special education % 4 Number of School Student Special education business school 172 2583 Special education vocational education center 103 6096 toplam 275 8679 National Education Ministry 2012 2013 The number of people with mental disabilities who working in public institutions Woman 218 15.68 Man 1172 84.31 Family and Social Policies Ministry 2014 There are 356 associations, 43 foundation, 8 federation for servicing disabled people There are 165 disabled sport clubs (46 physical 87 hearing 36 visually) There are 428 special education schools which depend on government (348 primary 80 secondary) Public institutions must employ disabled people 4%


SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION CENTERS NUMBERS

UTILIZATION OF THE DISABILITY SERVICE Health Services %55 Education Services %12 Care and Rehabilitation Services %6 Vocational and skills training courses Services %1 Family Guidance and Counseling Services %1 Social and Cultural Services %0.9

Year Institution Student 2006 410 82.952 2007 1.486 157.258 2008 1.755 196.044 2009 1.860 210.000 2010 1.609 216.106 2011 1.721 245.030 2012 1728 255,848 Source: National Education Ministry


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SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY - adiscuola.it · MILESTONES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN TURKEY 1889 First school was establiehed for blinds and deafs « Istanbul trade school » 1952 The