Species no. 7: Brent Goose Branta bernicla€¦ · the Taymyr Peninsula, stages in Wadden Sea and winters mainly in The Netherlands, South England and North-west France. Branta b

Key concepts of Article 7(4): Version2009

Reproduction & Prenuptial Migration * 65 *

Species no. 7: Brent Goose Branta bernicla Distribution: The Brent Goose breeds on the arctic coasts of Eurasia and North America, mainly on small islets free of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus). It winters along the temperate Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Movements: Migratory, wintering at temperate latitudes or at more southern latitudes during severe winters. Branta b. bernicla, breeding in North Russia, predominantly on the Taymyr Peninsula, stages in Wadden Sea and winters mainly in The Netherlands, South England and North-west France. Branta b. hrota from Svalbard and Franz Joseph Land winters mainly in Denmark and may reach England and The Netherlands during severe winters. The separate population B. b. hrota from Greenland and North-east Canada mainly winters in Ireland. Some of these birds reach the British coasts and also maybe France. Population size and trends: Within Europe three main populations can be distinguished (from Delany & Scott 2006):

• Branta b. bernicla breeding in West Siberia and wintering in the Wadden Sea area south to North-west France. The number of wintering birds is estimated at 200,000 individuals and the population appear to be declining (Delany & Scott 2006).

• Branta b. hrota breeding on Svalbard, Franz Joseph Land and in Greenland and wintering mainly in Denmark and to a lesser extent in North-east England/Scotland. This population numbers 500-1500 pairs or 7000 individuals and is increasing (Delany & Scott 2006).

• Branta b. hrota breeding in East Canadian high arctic and wintering mainly in Ireland. The Irish wintering population numbers 26.400 individuals (Delany & Scott 2006).

Biological and behavioural aspects: Breeding: the clutch size is usually 3-5 eggs; incubation: 24-26 days; fledging period: c. 40-45 days; brood: 1.



Movements

Brent Goose Branta bernicla

MIGRANT Member State RESIDENT Breeding Passage Wintering

FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU Vagrant Vagrant HU AT Vagrant Vagrant SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG Vagrant HR



Period of reproduction

Brent Goose Branta bernicla This species does not breed in the European territory of the EU.

Prenuptial migration


Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?


FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU Vagrant Vagrant HU AT Vagrant Vagrant SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG Vagrant HR



Period of prenuptial migration


J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E CFI 1 SE 1 EE 1 LV LT PL SK CZ DK 1 UK 1 DE 1 NL 1 BE 1 FR 1,

2

DK 2 UK 2

a

UK 2b

IE 2 FR 2 LU HU AT SI ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG ? ? HR

UK – 2a: Greenland/East Canadian high arctic; 2b: Sptizbergen/Franz Josef Land

FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU 1. B. b. bernicla

2. B. b. hrota ( )

HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR 1. B. b. bernicla

2. B. b. hrota



Comments and conclusions

1) Migratory with two main sub-species wintering/staging in the EU. 2) Prenuptial migration starts with the departure from wintering grounds or the

passage of migrants (SE, FI). 3) The beginning of the period of prenuptial migration ranges from: the 1st decade

of February (BE) to the 2nd decade of May (SE) for B. b. bernicla; from the 1st decade of April (UK) to the 2nd decade of April (IE) for B. b. hrota.



Species no. 8: Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope Distribution: This duck has a widespread distribution in northern Eurasia, from Great Britain to Kamchatka Peninsula. Movements: Almost entirely migratory. The birds originating from Scandinavia, European Russia and northern Siberia (some coming as far as 80°E) winter in Northwest Europe, but during very severe winters they may reach Spain in large numbers. Most of the birds breeding in west and central Siberia, winter in the Caspian and Black Seas and in the Mediterranean region (westwards to southern Iberian Peninsula). They are less subject to spectacular winter movements. Some populations (e.g. the small British breeding population) are mainly sedentary. Population size and trends: The European breeding population amounts to 300,000-360,000 pair (BirdLife Int. 200A) of which 70,000 – 120,000 pairs breed in the EU (BirdLife Int. 2004B), mainly in Finland and Sweden. The trend of the European breeding population is unknown (BirdLife Int. 2004A). Very large numbers of Wigeon winters in Europe:

• The population wintering in NW Europe is totalling 1,500,000 individuals and is probably overall stable (Delany & Scott 2006). Most years about half of this population (c. 800,000) winters in The Netherlands (BirdLife Int. 2004A).

• The population wintering in the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions is

estimated at 300,000 individuals (Delany & Scott 2006). The long-term trend of decrease of the population apparently levelled off after the 1990s (Delany & Scott 2006).

Biological and behavioural aspects: Breeding: clutch size is usually 8-9 eggs (6-12); incubation: 24-25 days; full flight of young birds at 40-45 days; brood: 1.



Movements

Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope


FI SE EE Few LV Few LT Few PL Very Few SK CZ DK UK IE Few DE Few NL Few BE Few LU Few HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT Few GR CY RO Rare BG HR



Definition of period of reproduction


Member State Period of reproduction begins with

Comments References

FI Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SE Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 8 DK 5 EE Occupation breeding sites LV 6 LT PL Occupation breeding sites SK CZ UK Construction of the nest 1 IE Construction of the nest Pairs before occupation of

breeding sites 1, 2, 3

DE Occupation of breeding sites Nuptial parade before occupation of breeding sites

4, 11

NL BE Pair formation in wintering

areas; occasional breeders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR





Member State Period of reproduction

begins with Comments References

FI Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SE Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 8 DK 5 EE Occupation breeding sites LV 6 LT PL Occupation breeding sites SK CZ UK Construction of the nest 1 IE Construction of the nest Pairs before occupation of



4, 11

NL BE Pair formation in wintering

areas; occasional breeders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

BE - rare breeder in Flanders LT – irregular breeder. Only one breeding record in Lithuania. Comments and conclusions

1) In the EU, it breeds mainly in Fennoscandia (almost entirely migratory) and the UK (also resident).

2) The period of reproduction begins with the occupation of the breeding sites and it ends with the full flight of young birds.

3) The end of the reproduction period ranges from the 3rd decade of July (PL) to the 1st decade of September (DE).



Definition of prenuptial migration



Member State YES NO References

FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 1, 8, 18 DK 5 EE X LV LT X 5,7 PL X 2, 3 SK CZ X UK X 1 IE X 1, 3 DE X 4, 11 NL X 22 BE High numbers in winter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LU HU X AT X 3, 8, 17 SI X 17 FR X 6 ES X 2 PT X 2 IT X 2, 14, 16, 26, 27, 28 MT 5 GR Little information on counts,

migration phenology. 5, 6, 7

CY X 3 RO 3 BG X 6 HR X 15, 17





J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E CFI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES ? PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR


1) Almost entirely migratory. 2) The period of prenuptial migration starts with the departure from wintering

grounds or the arrival of first migrants (SE, FI). 3) The beginning of the prenuptial migration ranges from the 2nd decade of

January (GR) to the 3rd decade of March (EE, FI).



Species no. 9: Gadwall Anas strepera Distribution: Breeding in the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. Movements: Partially migratory. The northern breeding birds descend to lower latitudes in winter, but breeding birds in more temperate regions tend to be rather sedentary. Most of the breeding birds of Scandinavia, the Baltic States and European Russia winter in Western Europe, where they mix with the sedentary local breeding population. The birds visiting Greece in winter originate from South-west Asia and perhaps further east. Population size and trends: The European breeding population amounts to 60,000-96,000 breeding pairs, of which 32,000-55,000 in Russia (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The EU 27 breeding population is estimated at 23,500-33,000 pairs, including the breeding population of 3,000-5,000 pairs in Romania (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The trend in the European breeding population is probably stable overall (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The population wintering in North-west Europe is estimated at 60,000 individuals (Delany & Scott 2006) and has increased during the last decades. The area around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean area hold 75,000-150,000 wintering individuals with the population in central Europe probably increasing while the Mediterranean population is stable (Delany & Scott 2006). Biological and behavioural aspects: Breeding: clutch size usually 8-12 eggs (6-15); incubation: 24-26 days; fledging period: full flight of young birds at 45-50 days; independence: At or just before fledging; broods: one brood.



Movements

Gadwall Anas strepera


FI SE EE Few LV LT PL SK CZ Few DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI Few FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR





Member State

Period of reproduction begins with

Comments References

FI Occupation of breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SE Occupation of breeding sites 2, 8, 11 EE Occupation of breeding sites LV LT Occupation of breeding sites PL Occupation of breeding sites 2, 3 SK Occupation of breeding sites 3 CZ Occupation of breeding sites DK Occupation of breeding sites UK Construction of the nest 1 IE Construction of the nest Pairs before

occupation of breeding sites

1, 2, 3, 6


4

NL Construction of the nest 16 BE Construction of the nest Pair formation in

wintering areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

LU HU Occupation of breeding sites AT Occupation of breeding sites Pairing already in

previous summer/autumn

2, 3

SI FR Occupation of breeding sites 6 ES Occupation of breeding sites 1 PT Occupation of breeding sites 1 IT Construction of the nest 2, 14, 16, 26,

27, 28 MT GR CY RO 3 BG Occupation of breeding sites 6 HR Occupation of breeding sites Small breeding

population 15, 23





J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E CFI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR


1) It breeds in most of the EU countries - migrant breeder in Fennoscandia, mainly resident in other places.

2) The reproduction period starts with the occupation of the breeding sites where it is mainly migratory (FI, SE, DK) or the construction of the nest in other situations.

3) The period of reproduction ends with the full flight of young birds, which ranges from the 3rd decade of June (DK) to the 2nd decade of September (CZ).






Member

State YES NO References

FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 1, 8, 11 EE X LV 2 LT X 5,7 PL X SK X CZ X DK X UK X 1 IE Increasing breeding population

which is difficult to separate from the small wintering population

1, 3

DE X 4 NL X 37 BE Presence of wintering birds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LU HU X AT X 3 FR X 6 SI X ES PT X 2 IT X 2, 14, 16, 26, 27, 28 MT GR Small numbers 5, 6, 7 CY X 3, 6 RO 3 BG Mixing of small resident

population, with large wintering numbers

6

HR Mixing of wintering and migrating populations

15,23







1) Partially migratory. 2) The prenuptial migration starts with the arrival of first migrants (FI, SE, DK) or

the departure from the wintering grounds. 3) The beginning of the prenuptial migration period ranges from the 3rd decade of

January (FR, PT, IT) to the 1st decade of April (FI, EE).



Species no. 10: Common Teal Anas crecca Distribution: The Common Teal inhabits northern Eurasia. Movements: Mainly migratory. Most birds wintering in North-west Europe originate from Fennoscandia, the Baltic States, North-west Russia and northern Poland. During severe winters, birds normally wintering in north-western Europe fly to Spain and Portugal. Birds usually wintering in the West Mediterranean area include birds breeding in western Siberia, West-central Russia and Central Europe. Those wintering in the East Mediterranean area originate mainly from Central Russia and Ukraine. Only a fraction of the birds reaches West Africa. Population size and trends: The European breeding population amounts to 920,000 – 1,200,000 pairs of which European Russia holds 665,000-740,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The European Union breeding population is estimated at 215,000-360,000 breeding pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B), essentially concentrated in Fennoscandia. The species decreased as a breeding bird in nine EU countries, notably Finland, where 60% breeds (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The birds wintering in Europe can be divided in two sub-populations (from Delany & Scott 2006):

• The North Sea and the East-Atlantic population occurring from Denmark to the British Isles and South-west France: this population is estimated at 500,000 individuals and is increasing (Delany & Scott 2006).

• The Black Sea-Mediterranean population is estimated at 750,000-1,375,000

individuals; the western Mediterranean population appears to decline, while the eastern Mediterranean appears to increase (Delany & Scott 2006).

Biological and behavioural aspects: Breeding: clutch size is usually 8-11 eggs (7-15); incubation: 21-23 days; full flight of young birds at 25-30 days; brood 1.



Movements

Common Teal Anas crecca


FI SE EE LV Few LT Few PL SK Few CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU Few AT SI Few FR ES PT IT MT Few GR Few CY RO Few BG HR





Member State

Period of reproduction begins with

Comments References

FI Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SE Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 9 EE Occupation breeding sites LV LT Construction of the nest 3,7 PL Occupation of breeding

sites 2, 3

SK Occupation of breeding sites

CZ Occupation of breeding sites

DK Occupation of breeding sites

UK Construction of the nest 1 IE Construction of the nest Pairs before occupation of

breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 6

DE Occupation of breeding sites

Nuptial parade before occupation of breeding sites

4, 11

NL Construction of the nest Pairs before occupation of breeding sites

16

BE Construction of the nest Pair formation in wintering areas

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

LU HU Construction of nest AT Occupation of breeding

sites Pair formation start in winter

1, 2, 17

SI FR Occupation of breeding

sites 6

ES Construction of the nest 1 PT IT Construction of the nest 2, 14, 16, 26, 27,

28 MT GR CY RO 5 BG Occupation of breeding

sites 6

HR







1) It breeds in most EU countries - migrant breeder in Fennoscandia. 2) The period of reproduction starts with the occupation of the breeding sites

where it is mainly migratory (FI, SE, DK, DE, AT) or with the construction of the nest in other situations.

3) The period of reproduction ends with the full flight of young birds, which ranges from the 3rd decade of June (BG) to the 1st decade of September (IT).






Member


FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 1, 8, 9 EE X 4 LV 2 LT X 5,7 PL X 2,3 SK Mixing of wintering and migrating

birds

CZ Overlap of wintering and migratory populations in mild winters

DK X UK X 1 IE X 1, 3 DE X 4 NL X 37 BE Presence of wintering birds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LU HU Mixing of wintering and migrating

birds, very few breeding pairs at regular intervals

AT X 3, 17 SI FR X 6 ES X 1, 2 PT X 2 IT Presence of wintering and passage

migrants 2, 14, 16, 26, 27, 28

MT Flocks at sea in winter. Frequent migrant.

4, 5

GR Little information on counts, migration phenology

1, 2, 3, 5,7

CY X 3 RO 3 BG Mixing of small resident population

with large wintering numbers 6


12, 15





J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E CFI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES ? PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR


1) Mainly migratory. 2) The prenuptial migration starts with the arrival of first migrants (FI, SE, LT,

DK) or the departure from wintering grounds. 3) The beginning of the prenuptial migration period ranges from the 3rd decade of

January (FR, PT, IT, GR, MT) to the 1st decade of April (LV).



Species no. 11: Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Distribution: Holarctic, with a wide breeding distribution across North America and northern Eurasia. All countries in Europe also hold populations of feral Mallards. Movements: Partially migratory. Northern breeding birds are generally migratory, wintering much further south, while birds breeding in temperate regions are sedentary or dispersive (e.g. in most of Western Europe). Thus, Mallards wintering around the North Sea coasts comprise a mixture of local breeding birds and immigrants from Fennoscandia, the Baltic countries and North-west Russia. The majority of birds breeding in Central Europe are migratory and winter along the northern Mediterranean coast. Population size and trends: The European breeding population comprises 3.3-5.1 million pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004A). About 1.7-3.0 million pairs breed in EU 27 (BirdLife Int. 2004A). Overall the European population is believed to have declined slightly during 1990-2000 (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The European wintering population holds at least 7.5 million birds. They can be divided in the following populations, mainly based on the wintering areas (from Delany & Scott 2006): • Breeding in North Europe, wintering in Northwest Europe east to the Baltic:

4,500,000 birds. • Breeding in North Europe wintering in Central Europe/West Mediterranean area:

1,000,000 birds. • Breeding in East Europe, wintering in the Black Sea/East Mediterranean area:

2,000,000 birds. Biological and behavioural aspects: Moult migrations occur from mid-May. Females and juveniles leave the breeding grounds in September. The return passage begins as early as mid-January. Breeding: clutch size usually 9-13 eggs (4-18); incubation: 27-28 days; fledging period: 50-60 days.



Movements

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

MIGRANT Member State RESIDENT Breeding Passage Wintering FI Few SE Few EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE Few DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR Few Few CY RO BG HR





Member

State Period of reproduction


FI Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SE Occupation breeding sites 1, 2 EE Occupation breeding sites LV LT Occupation breeding

sites, nuptial parade 7

PL Occupation of breeding sites

2, 3

SK Occupation of breeding sites

Pair formation starts in wintering areas

1, 4, 5

CZ Construction of the nest DK Construction of the nest 1, 4 UK Construction of the nest 1 IE Construction of the nest Pairs before occupation of


DE Occupation breeding sites Nuptial parade before occupation of breeding area

4

NL Construction of the nest 1, 7 BE Occupation breeding sites Paring in wintering areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LU Occupation breeding sites Nuptial parade in

wintering areas and/or on migration

1

HU Construction of the nest AT Construction of the nest But pairing during

previous autumn 1, 2

SI 3 FR Construction of the nest 1, 4, 6 ES Construction of the nest 4 PT Construction of the nest 1 IT Construction of the nest MT 5 GR Construction of the nest 1, 2, 3 CY Construction of the nest 3 RO 3 BG Construction of the nest Nuptial parade in

wintering areas and/or on migration

15, 20

HR Construction of the nest 15






Comments and conclusions 1) The period of reproduction begins with the construction of nest, although nuptial

parade and pairing occurs in autumn/winter before occupation of breeding sites. In northern countries (SE, FI) where most birds are migratory it begins with the occupation of breeding sites.

2) Full flight of young birds should be used to identify the end of the period of reproduction, which ranges from the 3rd decade of June (MT, CY) to the 3rd decade of September (UK, IE).

3) Some populations of A. platyrhynchos related to human settlements of Northwestern Europe, live in parks and on ornamental waters of gardens. These birds are sedentary and may nest from January to November.





Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing

grounds? Member


FI Overwinters in small numbers in sea-areas, and in cities and streams

1, 2, 3

SE X 1 EE Mixing of wintering and migrating

birds

LV LT Mixing of wintering and migrating

birds 5,7

PL X 2, 3 SK Mixing of resident and wintering

populations 1, 4

CZ Mixing of wintering and migrating birds

DK X 1, 4 UK Mixing of migrant and resident

populations 1

IE Small number of migrants impossible to distinguish from large breeding pop.

1, 3

DE Migratory and resident populations occur mixed at the same places

NL Mixed with local resident population Frequent shifts during winter

2, 7

BE Mixing of wintering and introduced birds

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

LU X 1 HU Mixing of wintering and migrating

birds

AT Overlap with breeders and wintering birds

3, 9

SI FR Breeding, migratory, wintering 2, 4, 17 ES Mixing of migrant and resident

populations 4

PT X 2 IT Mixing of resident with wintering

populations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

MT 5 GR Mixing of small resident population,

with large wintering numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7

CY Mixing of wintering and migrating birds, very few breeding pairs

RO 3 BG Mixing of resident population with

large wintering numbers 6, 15, 20

HR Mixing of resident, migrating and wintering populations

12, 15







1) Partially migratory; birds breeding in northern areas are generally migratory, wintering much further south, while birds breeding in temperate regions are sedentary or dispersive (e.g. in most western Europe).

2) In all EU countries there are breeding, migratory (passage) and wintering populations. In most cases, it is difficult to identify the beginning of the prenuptial migration because there is:

3) migrants mixed with local resident population 4) frequent shifts during winter 5) small number of migrants mixed with large breeding population. 6) Departure from wintering grounds or, if before, arrival of first migrants

corresponds to the beginning of the prenuptial migration. 7) Beginning of prenuptial migration ranges from the 1st decade of January (PL,

SK, IT) to the 3rd decade of March (LV).



Species no. 12: Pintail Anas acuta Distribution: Holarctic with wide breeding distribution across North America and Northern Eurasia. In western Eurasia, the species breeds mainly in the Northern tundra, forest tundra and forest-steppe zones between 60-70°N. The Pintails that breed in Europe and western Asia, winter over a very large area, ranging from West and Central Europe to the southern Sahel. Movements: Migratory. Most of the birds in the relatively small population wintering in North-west Europe originate mainly from North Europe and West-Siberia. Birds wintering in the Mediterranean Basin, Black Sea area and the Sahel zone breed in North-east Europe and West Siberia. Males leave the breeding areas in late May and early June and may undertake extensive moult migrations. Dispersal from the moulting areas and breeding grounds takes place from mid-August to early September. The return migration in spring begins in February in West Africa and in late February and March in Western Europe. Population size and trends: The breeding population of Europe holds 320,000-360,000 breeding pairs, of which 300,000-325,000 breeds in Russia (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The EU breeding population holds 16,000-27,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B). The overall trend for the European breeding population is a moderate decline during 1990-2000 (BirdLife Int. 2004). Two populations winter and/or migrate through Europe (from Delany & Scott 2006):

• The Northwest European population. This population numbers about 60,000 birds and has increased modestly in 1993-2002.

• The Black Sea/ Mediterranean/West Africa wintering population is estimated at

750,000 birds and with a declining trend.

The number of Pintails wintering in Europe is probably more than 120,000 but the number declined moderately during 1990 and 2000 (BirdLife Int. 2004A). Biological and behavioural aspects: In Northwest Europe, A. acuta is amongst the most concentrated of waterfowl in winter, with half of the population confined to just thirteen sites. Breeding: clutch size: usually 7-9 eggs (6-12); incubation: 22-24 days; fledging period: 40-45 days; brood one.



Movements

Pintail Anas acuta


FI SE EE Few LV LT Few ( 5 -20 pairs) PL Very few SK Few CZ Few DK UK IE Few DE NL BE Few LU HU AT Few Few SI FR Few ES Few PT IT MT GR CY RO BG Few HR




Pintail Anas acuta

Member

State Period of reproduction


FI Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SE Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3 EE Courtship display LV LT Occupation breeding sites 3,6,7 PL Occupation breeding sites 2, 3 SK Occupation breeding sites CZ DK Occupation breeding sites 1, 2, 3, 4 UK Construction of the nest 1 IE Construction of the nest Pairs before occupation of


DE Occupation breeding sites Nuptial parade before occupation of breeding sites

3, 4

NL Construction of the nest 16 BE Occupation breeding sites Pairing in wintering areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LU HU Occupation breeding sites AT Occupation breeding sites But pairing already

during previous winter 2, 3

FR Occupation breeding sites 1, 4, 6 ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG Occupation breeding sites 6 HR




Pintail Anas acuta


Comments and conclusions 1) In the EU, it regularly breeds in the northern MS (FI, SE, LV, LT, DK). Very few

breeders in BE, DE, AT, FR, IE, ES. 2) For this species it is considered that the period of reproduction begins with the

occupation of the breeding sites, although pairing occurs in autumn/winter before occupation of breeding sites.

3) Full flight of young birds should be used to identify the end of the period of reproduction, which ranges from 1st decade of July (DK) to the 3rd decade of August (FR, UK).




Pintail Anas acuta


Member


FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 1, 3 EE X LV 2 LT In some places (Nemunas Delta

region) the local breeders mix with migrants.

3,5,7

PL X 2,3 SK X CZ X DK X 1, 2, 3, 4 UK X 1 IE X 1, 3 DE X 1 NL X 37 BE X 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 LU Small numbers HU X AT X 3 SI X FR X 2, 4, 6 ES X 2, 4 PT X 2 IT X 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 MT GR Little data on counts, phenology and

migration 1, 2, 3, 5, 7

CY Mixing of wintering and migrating birds

RO 3 BG Mixing of the few breeding pairs with

large wintering population 6, 13, 15


15, 23




Pintail Anas acuta

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E CFI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY ? ? ? RO BG HR

IT - the beginning of the return movements coincides with the third decade of

January; the number of recoveries then shows an increase in February, to peak at the beginning of March. The country is crossed by large numbers of birds of Russian origin; birds ringed in the NL are also well represented.

Comments and conclusions 1) The beginning of the prenuptial migration is not difficult to identify. 2) Arrival of first migrants in northern countries (DK, LT, SE, FI), or departure from

wintering grounds in the other countries, corresponds to the beginning of the prenuptial migration.

3) Beginning of prenuptial migration ranges from the 3rd decade of January (IT) to the 3rd decade of March (FI, EE).

Documents

Species no. 7: Brent Goose Branta bernicla€¦ · the Taymyr Peninsula, stages in Wadden Sea and winters mainly in The Netherlands, South England and North-west France. Branta b