Spent Nuclear FuelManagement From Research Reactorsin Indonesia

IRWAN SANTOSO

CENTER FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OF INDONESIA

Email: irsan@batan.go.id

Technical Meeting on Strategies and Opportunities for the Management of Spent Fuel from Power Reactors in the Longer Timeframe

25-29 November 2019, New Delhi, India

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Introductions

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

Spent Nuclear Management

Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (ISSF)

Recent Activities

Conclusions

Contens

2

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Indonesia is an archipelagic country with total area is 1,905 million km2, extending about 5,120 kms from east to west and 1,760 kms from north to south

There are over 300 ethnic groups with 748 local languages

Total Populations of Indonesia in 2019 Reaches 267 Million People

There are 17,508 islands, only 8,844 islands have name. with 922 of those are permanently inhabited

Introductions (1/4)

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Source : Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning

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The electricity demand in 2018 is 254,6 TWh

Electricity production from coal power plant is still dominant in the future, but the share in the total electricity production is declining, meanwhile of electricity production from NRE power plant will increase

Introductions (2/4)

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Power plant capacity per Energy Source

Source : Indonesia Energy Outlook 2019, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Base on government regulation number 79 year 2014 about Policy on NationalEnergy, currently the nuclear energy is considered as the last option which make thedevelopment of nuclear power reactor in Indonesia is not possible at the moment

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Introductions (3/4)

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The Government establishes an Executing Body and a Regulatory Body (Based on Act no 10 year 1997)

Radioactive waste shall be classified into :• Low-level Radioactive Waste (LLW);• Intermediate-level Radioactive Waste (ILW); and• High-level Radioactive Waste (spent nuclear fuel).

The ILW and LLW can be a sealed source and contaminated material, which produced by industry, hospital and research institute (include BATAN)

BATAN operated radioactive waste treatment installation and interim storage facility.

Type of disposal facility for ILW and LLW is near surface and intermediate depth disposal meanwhile type of disposal for HLW is not determinated

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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities (1/2)

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Interim Storage for Spent

Fuel

Fuel Fabrication and

Radiometallurgi Installation

Mining - Kalan

Kartini Reactor - YogyakartaTriga Mark Reactor - BandungGA Siwabessy Reactor

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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities (2/2)

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Indonesia do not have nuclear power plant (NPP), However,in its national long term strategic action plan, Indonesia hasa plan to introduce the use of nuclear energyAll activities related nuclear fuel cycle is adressed to

research and development (except commercial fuelfabrication, carry out by state company, INUKI)Indonesia employs an open fuel cycle strategy. It’s means

that all LLW and ILW would go to near surface disposal,whereas spent nuclear fuel (SNF) which is considered ashigh level waste (HLW) could be repatriated/returned tovendor or be disposed of.Type of Disposal facility for SNF is not stipulated in

regulation

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SNF Management (1/3)

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The owner of research reactor must do temporary storage at least during the reactor's operating period

BATAN (Center for Radioactive Waste Technology) store SNFs comes from research reactor and NPPs

The SNF Disposal is carry out by BATAN The location disposal facility selection must

be approved by the Indonesia's House of Representatives

Spent

nuclear fuel

ISFSF

Re-

export

Conditioning/

Packaging

DisposalDeep

geological

disposal

Research

Reactor

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SNF Management (2/3)

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KARTINI Reactor (operated since

1979)

Fuel Element in core: 71

Spent fuel in storage : 6

Capacity of spent fuel storage : 90

TRIGA 2000 Reactor (operated since 1964)

Fuel Element: 105 Enrichment Max : 20% Spent fuel in storage :5

element Capacity of spent fuel

storage : 192

GA Siwabessy (operated since 1987)

Multipurpose type,

Fuel: U3Si2Al, enriched 20%

Fuel Element in core: 48

Spent fuel in storage : 98

Capacity of spent fuel storage : 300

Data for August 2019

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SNF Management (3/3)

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Spent Fuel Management PolicyIndonesia has a policy to re-exporting spent fuels to the origincountry or stored them within the authorized facility,reprocessing of spent fuel is not possible in Indonesia

Year Reactor Type Number

1999 GA Siwabessy SNF element 47

Plate of MTR fuel 1

2004 GA Siwabessy, Kartini, Triga 2000

SNF element 111

Plate of MTR fuel 1

2009 GA Siwabessy Fuel element 34

Control road 8

Re-export Spent Fuel to USA

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Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (1/2)

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• Wet storage type, the demineralized water depth 6,5 meters

• To store spent fuels from research reactor GA Siwabessy

• Away reactor, transfer SNF through underwater channel

• Constructed 1998, Designed by AEA Technology, UK.

• Multi barrier construction: SS-304 liner, pond walls(concrete)

• Life time design 40 years• Total capacity is 1458 SNFs

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• Purification System

• Cooling System

• Water demineralized system

• Ventilation and Air

Conditioning

• Radiation monitor

• Physical Protection System

Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (2/2)

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Sipping test is non-destructive method used to test the leaking of spent fuel based on fission product released from the cladding

After experiencing a period of sipping on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 8th day then they were do sampling each of 500 ml.

Water sample each fuel then was analyzed using a gammaspectrometer to find the radio nuclides contaminant

Recent Activities (1/2)

Sipping Test

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Recent Activities (2/2)

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The aging management within surveillance critical SSCs (pH & conductivity of water cooling, SS liner thickness, corrosion rate by

coupon SS 304) Design dry storage (heat

transfer mechanism)

Site selection for Disposal Facility (NSD type in Java Island)

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Conclusions

• NFCFs in Indonesia only for research and development activities

• Spent Nuclear Fuel only from research reactors

• There are two options for spent nuclear fuels management : re-exported or store in wet storage type

• Disposal facility for SNF is not yet built

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CENTER FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY (BATAN)

Gedung 50 Kawasan Puspiptek, Tangerang Selatan

ptlr@batan.go.id

(021) 756 3142 | Fax. (021) 756 0927