SPERM BANK IN ISLAM.doc

8/15/2019 SPERM BANK IN ISLAM.doc

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/0102 &2%!24 &25 C"6!846

5esire to leave genetic footprints in this world has been a long chrished

dream of manind. The concept of sperm baning has fulfilled these dreams partly

, by being able to preserve gametes and genetials tissues.

The baning of the male gametes involves initial exposure of spermatooa

to the cryoprotectant and gradually cooling them subero temperatures as per

desired cooling curve. 9Pares &/, *#:;<

/emen sample in suitable container is then thawed, gradually warmed to the

room tempreature and diluted with suitable buffered media. Cryoprotectant is

washed away and the thawed sample evaluated and used for insamination,

intrasitoplasmid sperm injection or for research purposes.The male gamet must maintain its macro and micro architectural structure

along with genomic integrity during the whole procedure and recover its

physicological function completely after the procedure. 9/herman =%, *#;3<

>actors nown to effect outcome of this delicate procedure depend upon the

?uality of the semen specimen, developmental, stage at wich sperms are being

froen, type of cryoprotectant being used and the freeing protocols.

9'ammerstedt "', *##@<

&C%4"$25 > /P0"1 &2%!24

>reeing and thawing techni?ues have been used to cryopreserve semen

since *77A. &dvecements in the e?uipments, disposable and awareness about

strerility have also helped the cryobiologist and embriologist to futher enchance

the freee thaw cycle results. The approach of cryoreserving human semen has

become an acceptable in assited reproductive technology 9&"T< laboratoristacross the world. 9/pallanani 8, *77A<

>ew of the developmental milestones are worth mentioning B 91ontegaa =,

*AA<

*. *77A D bservations by /pallanani on the effects of freeing on human

sperm and subse?uence recovery of motility on warming.-. *AA D 1ontegaa proposed semen baning for veterany practice and

for soldiers going to battle field.


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3. *#3@ D /eatlles and =ahnels / observed that sperm survives at

tempreature as low as -AoC.:. *#:# D Polge, /mith, and ParesEaccidental discovery of cryprotective

properties of glycerol.;. *#A3 D /herman reported birth of *st child born after insemenation by

sperms wich had been froen by using li?uid nitrogen.

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Cryopreservation is a process which maintain cellular live for an extended

period of time at subero temperatures. The aim of any cryopreservation protocol

is to minimie cell membrane damage assosiated with exposure to low

temperature, regulate cell volume during the procedure and prevent lethal intra

cellular as crystal formation. This can be achived by controlling intracelluler and

extracelluler movement of solutes and water. 91erymam 'T, *#;A<

The outcome of crystal cycle depends on various factors B

*. The cryoproectant 9extended< in which the cells are suspended during

cooling and worming.-. The rate at which the cells are cooled.3. The temperature at which the sample is plunged into li?uid nitrogen.:. The warming rate.;. Cryoprotectant removal after thawing.&t least half of the motile sperm will sustain cryoinjury when subjected to

cryoreservetion and thawing.The typical effect observed in froen thawed spermatooa derived from the

uni? nature of the cell. 'uman spermatooa are relatively simple cells with a large

surface areaFvolume ratio and have high permeability to water. This ensures rapid

e?uilirium in the presence of cryoprotectant. Th genetic material is highly

condensed and is less prone to injury by cryoprotectant unlie embryoes.Cell membranes of mammalian species are composed a phospholipid bilayer

and associated membrane proteins 9receptors, enymes, etc


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decreased fluidity. & decrease in temperature causes a thermotropic phase

transition in the membrane phospholipids from a li?uidEcrystalline to a gel phase,

resulting in more rigid membrane structure. The occurrence of cold shoc can be

prevented by controlling the rate of cooling and by adding protective compounds

to semen diluents. 9/mith &$, *#;*<

Changes in Golume of /perm +hen 0xposed to Cryoprotectants

/permatooa undergo several volume changes as they undergo

cryopreservation and thawing. The sperms undergo rapid shrinage as

intracellular water leaves the cell in response to return to its original volume as the

cryoprotective agent 9CP&< permeates the cells. The CP&)s presence in the

intracellular and extracellular water lowers the freeing points of the cell and thesolutes, allowing them to remain in super cooled state.

!ce formation is initiated in the extracellular medium. &s more water leaves

the cryopreservation medium to contribute to crystal formation, the concentration

of particles in the remaining lipid increases, resulting in a continuous drop in

remaining lipid and an increase in extracellular osmotic pressure. +ith rising

hyperosmolarity of the extracellular fluid more intracelluler water is drawn out of

the spermatooa leaving the cell dehydrated and reducing the ris of lethalintracellular ice formation.

!25!C&T!2/ > /0102 C"6P"0/0"G&T!2

/perm baning is the process of semen cryopreservation using wellE

documented protocols for the use of the same at a later date. /emen can be

preserved for the use by the individual himself. The sample can be used by him at

a later date and is termed as autologous sperm baning or client despositor semencryofreeing. !t can be also baned from fertile donors after screening for the

purpose of third party reproduction Table *. &de?uate care is taen to do

phenotypic and blood group matching in theses cases. 1atching physical

charateristics and race of the partner, hair color, texture, and eye color are

mandatory. The indications of semen baning are ever increasing in this modern

area. The common indications are enumerated in Table -. 9ordson 8, *#A<

Tabel *. Terminologist used in semen baning


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Terminologist Description

Croperser!ation The subEbranche of cryobiology that deals with the reversive

suspantion of life in the froen state at sub ero temperature using

cryoprotectant."uarantine Temporary storageFisolation of semen in a sparate cryocans till the

donor is proved negative for the comunicable dissease agent.#per$ Bank & fasility that collect, freees, storage and distribute semen semple.C%ient Depositor Patient who cryopreserved his semen for insamination of a partner at

latter date.Donor ne who provide his own semen for cryobaning for artificial

insemination of a resipien other than his wife or partner.Directed Donor & sperm donor who may now the recipient and direct the laboratory

to free his semen for use by specific individual who are not his partner Anon$ous Donor & semen donor whose identify is not revealed to the recipient.

Ta&e% '. Current approaches to semen baning

Clinical presentation

of the male requiring

semen banking

Method of sperm

harvesting

Method of sperm banking

(a%e )ith nor$a%*or

%o) se$en count and

desires auto%ogous

se$en &anking

/emen obtained by

masturbationFelectroeja

culation

"awFprepared semen

freeing

A+oosper$ic $a%es in reproducti!e age group ,

O&structi!e

-H/ 0#H )ithin

nor$a% %i$its1

/ample extracted

from the epididymisB

Percutaneous

epididymal sperm

aspiration 9P0/&<

>reeing of the epididymal

aspirate either unprepared or

after gentle wash and swim

up.

Nono&structi!e

-0#H $a &e raised1

10/& B

1icrosurgical

epididymal sperm

aspiration

T0/0 B Testicular

sperm extraction

>reeing of the testicular

tissue is don after gentle

teasing in a sterile dish

using fine needles

Tissue is froen either


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T0/& B Testicular

sperm aspiration

unprepared or after density

gradient wash

Cancer patient prior che$otherap or radiotherap ,Prepu&erta% &os

Pu&erta%

Testicular tissue 9multiple

sample<

1asturbation

>reeing of the testicular

tissue

/emen baning

$T8!20 > C"6P"T0CT&2T/

iochemical and Physical &spects of /perm Cryopreservation

/perm subjected to cryopreservation and thawing have reduced viability,

motility and fecundity. 1orphological damage to the membranes and acrosom is

well documened. 8oss of the superoxide dismutase enyme from the plasma

membranes permeability are just a few of the cell altering or damaging events

which are associated with cryopreservation and thawing.

&ll the cryopreservation protocols are based on the theory that cell

membrane damage can be minimied through addition of suitable

cryopreservation agents, buffer agents, controlling the osmolality and p' of

crypreservation medium and controlling freeing rate during the procedure. 9Ganden erg 8, *#A#<

& variety of extenders 9cryoprotective media< exist for the cooling and

cryopreservation of the semen 9Table 3


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properties, depression of freeing point, alteration of cell membran properties by

inducting changes in lipid pacing structure and the conse?uent lowering of

electrolyte consentrations in the unfroen fraction at any given temperature, which

will have to counter the harmful (solution effect) imposed during the freeing

process. !n order to improve crosurvival rates, more complex diluents containing

other mainly nonEpermeable cryoprotective agents, such as glycine, witterions,

citrate and eggyol were development. &mong the earliest and best nown

extenders for human semen is glycerol eggEyol 9406C


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Mechanism of action Names

Per$eating Permeating cryoprotectants

are compunds that readily

permeate the plasmamembranes of cells.

Their movements across the

membranes follow the

osmolatiry gradient.

This molecules form hydrogen

bonds with water molecules

and prevent ice crystalliation.

5imethil sulfoxide

951/ >"00L0ET'&+ C6C80

5ecision of /emen Pacaging Protocol before the Procedure and its !mportance to

the "eproductive iologist

/emen parameters should be thoroughly assessed using +' criteria. +e should

decide the outcome of the procedure which will further guide the freeing


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protocol. !f the sample is satisfactory with good count and motility, we may freee

raw sample with aim to carry out !$! at later date. n the other hand, an

oligospermic sample with round cells and debris should be prepared and pacaged

for !C/!. >inally, the methodology depends upon the experience of the

reproductive biologist and the laboratory protocols.

/pecimen 4lyceroliation

4lycerol is added directly or indirectly as a component of a cryopreservation

medium to neat semenFprepared semen 9swim up< in drop by drop fashion slowly

over a period of - to 3 minutes with continuous mixing of both. This step is

essential to reduce toxicity of the cryoprotectant as it can cause sudden osmotic

shoc to the sperms. The glycerol is metabolied during the procedure withformation of neutral lipid. !t is suggested that the metabolied glycerol may

contribute to the plasma membrane of the sperm increasing its stability which may

lead to improved postEthaw motility. 9Table :< 91aur P, *#7:<

Table : B 4uidelines for better recovery

Pre!enti!es

strategies

3uide%ines

4. >reeing initation To avoid sytotoxic effects 9reactive oxygen species<

release from immotileFdead spermatooa, it is

suggested that the semen sample is prepared and

froen soon after collection.'. &ccidental thawing The sperms plasma membrane is very sensitive.

Careless handling of the froen semen straw will

injure the spermatooal plasma and acrosomal

membranes resulting in alow sperm survival rate after

thawing.2. Cryoprotectant

removal after

thawing

4lycerol as a cryptoprotectant is toxic for sperms if

exposed for long period at room or higher

temperatures thus postEthaaw survival should ?uicly

be assessed and the sperm sample washed to remove

all traces of glycerol.


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Pacaging of /emen after &ddition of Cryopreservative

4lycerated or extended semen can be cryopreserved in various containers.

>actors, which influence the decisions, include the volume of sample to be

cryopreserved, ease of container labeling, handling, storage and recovery as well

as biocompatibility of the pacaging material 9Table ;


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necessarily follows that ice

crystals occupy a greater

volume than does the li?uid

water from which they were

formed

&s adjacent volumes of

li?iud water a cell solidify,

their expansion into ice

causes pressure and

shearing forces on

intracellular organelles,

which can suffer

considerable damageOs$otic shock &s water transitions from

li?uid to ice, any solutes in

the li?uid phase are

excluded from the solid

component

This lowers the freeing

point of the remaining

unfroen solution

&s the temperature drops

and the solid from

proliferates, the

concentration of

electrolytes and other

solutes can reach very high

levels

smotic shoc should be

avoided at every step of semen

freeing

5isturbance of the osmolarity

gradient may damage the cell

and release reactive oxygen

species

Recrsta%%i+ation

and so%ution

effects

5uring rewarming, the solid

ice melts and releases free

water, resulting in

decreasing osmolarity of

the surrounding solution

"ewarming may be slow or

rapid depending upon the

freeing curve


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+ith rapid rewarming,

there is possibility of water

molecules thawing and

recrystalliig. These ice

crystals may damage the

cells

+ith rapid rewarning rate,

suden reduction in

extracellular osmolarity

may lead to rapid shifts of

free water across and intothe cells

This can cause cellular

danage by cellular swelling

and sudden osmotic

changes.

>reeing

/perm cryopreservation is accomplished by using li?uid nitrogen vapors for

noncontrolled rate or a programmable freeer for controlled rate cooling 9>igs *

and -


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identifying information can be read without completely withdrawing the straw

from the goblet. &luminum canes are placed in predetermined locations within the

cryostorage vessel. &ll storage containers should be stored in a secured room in

locedFchained containers. 8i?uid nitrogen dewars and storage tans are available

in a variety of sies. 5ewars re?uire manual filling while most storage tans have

an automatic filling feature. 8i?uid nitrogen levels in storage units should be

monitored regularly at all times. !t is important to appreciate the length of time

cryopreserved sperm may be stored for. &t D*#AMC, storage of sperms, even for a

lengthy period of time, does not affect the survival rates. 8i?uid nitrogen holds

specimens at a temperature 9D*#AMC< at which there is virtually no movement of

atoms or molecules. &t temperatures above D*3@MC, atoms and molecules are ableto move. Temperatures of D#@MC and above allow ice crystal growth and even

short periods of exposure to such temperatures can cause lethal damage to cells.

&s long as the cells are maintained at D*#AMC, the only nown potential for cell

damage is degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid 952&< caused by bacground

radiation. ased on normal bacground radiation of @.* radsFyear, it has been

predicted that the male gametes should maintain its genetic integrity for over -@@

years when stored at D*#AMCThawing

Practical approach to semen thawing would be to wash the vials straws in

running water. They should be cleaned externally till the sweating disappears over

a period of few minutes 9>ig. :


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purpose. !n the case of the death of the donor, the semen would become the

property of the legal heir or the nominee of the donor at the time the donor gives

the sample for storage to the ban. !n the $nited %ingdom, the semen is not

normally stored for longer than *@ years or beyond the age of ;; years for donorsN

generally it is not stored in >rance, for more than ; years. 5onors may express a

wish to further limit the period of storage or thw number of pregnancies that can

be obtained from one donor. This is restricted to *@ children by he same donor.

Confidentiality remains a primary consideration in most cointries.

52" /C"002!24 P"!" T /0102

>resh donor insemination is not recomended for the fear of transmission of common infective diseases. 5onors should be tested for '!G ! and !! antibodies,

hepatitis surface antigen, hepatitis core antibody, hepatitis C, "P", TPEP&,

cytomegalovirus antibodies, chlamydia and gonorrhea. /ome agents and diseases

that can be ttransmitted by the seminal fluid include '!G, hepatitis , hepatitis C

and syphilis.

Table 7 B 1ethods of semen freeing

(ethods Princip%es #torage6apor5phase coo%ing *. The procedure is

carried out manually-. 82- is always

vaproing due to its

low boiling point and

thus vapor phase that

naturally exists around

li?uid nitrogen tan is

utulied for desired

cooling3. The cryovialsFstraws

are placed at

predetermined heights

above li?uid phase for

predetermined periods

/ample is stored either in

the vapor phase in the

82- container or dipped

in the 82- after gradual

cooling.


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so the desired cooling

curve is attainedProgra$$a&%e free+ing

$achine

*. 2ot essential for

human spermsryopreservation

probably because

freeing machine such

automated device isnot needed for sperm

freeing.-. /ample is loaded in the

straw or the vialThese are than cooled

using programmable

machine and then

dipped in li?uid

nitrogen

/ample is stored in the

li?uid

Table B /perm freeing stepEbyEstep

#per$

cropreser!ation

$ethod

#a$p%e preparation ,

4. Ensure &oth the sa$p%e and sper$ cropreser!ation

&uffer -75#I#C1 are at roo$ te$perature

'. (i8 t)o !o%u$es of sper$ cropreser!ation &uffer

to 4 !o%u$e of the sa$p%e

2. ea!e $i8ture for 49 $inutes at roo$ te$perature

:. a&e% stra)s )ith re%e!ant infor$ation

;. oad the sa$p%e into a free+ing stra) or cro!ia%

and sea% according to $anufacture


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throughly screened for common genetic and communicable diseases and those

specific to their geographic location before their enrollment in the program.

C"//E!2>0CT!2 !2 T'0 /0102 &2%/

There is a potential danger of crossEinfection within the ban, thus the

samples must be handled and stored with paramount care. Cryopreserved semen

may be spilled in the cryocan, and the infectious organism 9hepatitis virus< may

survive in the li?uid nitrogen with the possibility of crossEinfection of other stored

samples. !t is recommended that samples be stored in isolation cryocans till the

?urantine period of '!G, 'bs&g and 'CG. $/0 > cbs 9Cryoio/ystem, Paris,

>rance< ionomeric straws which have been hermetically sealed offers protection

against crossEinfection. 1en wtih maligancy often need to ban their semen atshort notice as to preclude complete prefreee infective screening. These men)s

semen could be resposited in a ?uarantine tan until the re?uisite screening had

been completed. Client depositorFautologous who has the comfort of time, e.g.

men considering a vasectomy, a cryoban must insist upon screening for invective

pathogens as a safety precaution for the security of other men)s semen stored in

the same canister. +hen the samples are cryopreserved for patients who are

nown to carry an infective infection, e.g. '!GF'bs&g, these can be stored inseparate (contaminated) tans. There must be saIarate tan for each of recognied

pathogenic organisms. !n the $nited /tates and $nited %ingdoms, guidelines have

been published. The '0>& is moving toeards a position where by laboratories will

be compelled to screen donors in this way.

/0C$"!T6 > T'0 /0102 &2%

The straws or vials must be clearly labeled. !nventory control is of utmostimportance. 0very precaution must be made to ensure that each straw or vial can

be lined to the sperm source, date of cryopreservation and specimen. /ome

example of vial or straw identification mechanisms currently emplyoed by sperm

bans includeB coputeried or manual bar coding system, color coding with

cryomaers, vial caps or straw plugs or use of adhesive labels.

/ecure cryopreservation of semen re?uires regular maintenance of the e?uipment

and refilling of li?uid nitrogen in the cryocans. 8i?uid nitrogen evaporates very


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?uicly or the cans can lea thus causing loss of precious samples. The loss of

stored semen from cancer or other patinets, lie those having spinal cord injuries

and in whom semen has been retrieved with electroejaculation is not only difficult

to ?uantify but also is of immense emotional value to the ownerFcouple. &ll the

details and records must be stored confidentially and country specific guidelines

adhered to when carrying out customary by various accreditation authorities B

*. The levels of li?uid nitroen 982-< in cryocans that are filled manually

should be monitored on a regular basis, using a cryoscale.-. !n large cryiobiorepository, cans may be attached to automated cryo

manifold with (autoEfill) controller 3. 8owElevel and the temperature sensors should be installed in all cryogenic

storage tans and connected to an alarm that will alert biologist to

unwarranted problems.

T'0 >$T$"0 > /0102 C"6P"0/0"G&T!2

Cryoreservation of human gametes expose them to numerous stresses,

including mechanical, thermal and chemicoEphysiological, which can lead to

compromised function of the gametes. +e have come a long way since accidental

discovery of glycerol as cryoprotectant would be the holy grail of the modern

cryobiology. The applications of semen cryopreservation which had humble origin

in vaterinary practice now entails cryopreservation of stem cell derived male

sperms, though in experimental stages using vitrification. The introduction of

clinical intracytoplamic sperm injection 9!C/!< !2 *##-, &T russels opened a

new ea in the field of assisted reproductive techni?ues, allowing couples with

severe male factor infertility to hope for a child of their own genetic origin.

2early - years later, it was established that pregnancy was possible by carryingout !C/! on sperms extracted by surgical sperm retrieval techni?ues. 2agy et al

showed that comparable result in terms of pregnancy rates can be obtained by

performing !C/! with ejaculated, epididymal or testicular spermatooa, although

fertiliation rates were significantly highher with the ejaculated sperm.

0pipidymal spermatooa can be retrieved either by microsurgery or by

percutaneous needle puncture. These can be subse?uently cryofreeed. The

fre?uent indication for epididymal aspiration is obstructive aoospermia and thus


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it is not uncommon for relatively large ?uantities of sperm to be obtained and

subse?uently used for !G> or even intrauterine insemination 9!$!or the latter, testicular tissues in

supportive culture medium is macerated using glass cover slips until a fine slurry

of dissociated tissues is produced, and the resulting suspension can then be processed for therapeutic use. 9ates "5, *##A<

0xcess testicular spermatooa obtained in this manner can be froen for

future use in order to avoid further surgeries. Testicular spermatooa can also a

small amount of tissue is usually retrieved and the resulting sperm yield is

proportionately low. &nother method is cryopreservation of single human

spermatooa in empty human ona shell, which is established by =ac?ues Cohen.

&hollow sphere remains when celluar material is removed from the ona. ecauseit can Nbe seen and handled microscopically both before and after

cryopreservation, it is an ideal capsule for freeing individual, and small groups of

sperm cells. "ecently vitrification has been applied to semen freeing. "ecovery

of sperms for !G> has been poor for severely oligospermia males in conventional

semen freeing techni?ues. Thus the concept of cryoprotectant free vitrification of

semen samples was mooted. &d?uate number of sperms were recivered by

ultrafast freeing of the prepared sample and then warming them to 37C usingcopper loops as carrier device. /emen baning is going to encompass testicular

tissue baning in greater number of patients in the years to come. 9!sacheno G,

-@@:<

010"4!24 "80 > /0102 &2%!24 !2 2CE&"T

1alignancy is one of the common disease with approximately ;@H of men

facing this diagnosis during the course of their lifetime. Till, date the focus of


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clinicians has been on timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the patients.

+ith increasing favorable outcome, the focus is shifting to fertility preservation.

This, in turn has provided many patients with the oppurtunity to live complete

lives, allowing them to reflect on life subse?uent to treatment. >ertility issues,

such as postEtreatment marriage and parenthood, are considered as important by

many parents and young patients. &t the time of cancer diagnosis, patients and

clinicians alie are often weighed down by the large number of urgent tests and

procedures that must be carried out in a timely manner. !n the present scenario

proactivity is desired from the oncology and the assisted reproductive team alie.

There is no specific consideration for semen baning in such cases except the

time factor and stress they are facing. /ample may be collected as in normalhealthy mmales. +e encounter difficulty in young boysFteenagers who are bought

by the parents for semen baning. This is a psychologically traumatiing scenario

for the parents, child and the clinicians, such delicate situations may re?uaire

psychological counseling. &nother problem we face is in young males who are not

permitted to masturbate as per the religious guidelines. /uch males are advised

testicular tissue extraction and baing. /imiliar protocol is being followed for

young cancer patients who do not masturbate. !t is recommended to ban multiplevialsFstraws of the samples as the recovery may not be very good especially in

postchemotheraphy andFor radiotherapy patients. !ntracytoplasmic sperm injection

is the recommended treatment for such patients. 1ajority of the cancer patients do

have sufficient time when they visit us. +e should start the procedure on the day

of referral itself, if possible. 1inimum six straws should be froen from - to 3

samples collected -: hours apart. The patient and the parents should be counseled

about the subse?uent modality of treatment. The chances of offering !C/! should be discussed at length. /emen baning is commonly carried out in patients with

testicular cancers, 'odhinNs disease nd leuimias. 9/chmidp %8, -@@7


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CHAPTER III

0ina% Hpothesis,

*. !n !slamic law is debatable depending on the purpose and process.

-. /perm an is still needed in !ndonesia.

3. /perm an has been no official law in !ndonesia.

Concepts


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CHAPTER I6

DI#CU##ION

7e)ords

/perm an is a fasility that collect, freees, storage and distribute semen semple.

5onor is a ne who provide his own semen for cryobaning for artificial

insemination of a resipien other than his wife or partner.


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Bank #per$ And (arriage

1arriage in !slam is a noble thing, a man and a woman as husband

and wife. husband and wife have a relationship that is both legitimate and

lawful for one another. ThatOs why the marriage contract is said to be an

agreement to legalie sexual intercourse between a man and a woman,

who was previously banned.

R./. &l 'ujuraat B *3 B

hi people, Verily we created you from a male and a female and

made you a nation and tribes so that you know each other. Verily,

the most honorable of you with Allah is the most pious among you.

Indeed, Allah is Knower, Aware.

R./ &l Riyaamah B 3# B

Then Allah made a pair of male and female.

'owever, the marriage relationship is not merely to get sexual

satisfaction, but it is one notch to preserve human ancestry legally.

!n order to create a happy home and a prosperous, &llah and 'is

1essenger gives instructions so before marriage choosing a good

candidate. &mong the happiness and wellEbeing of households is the

presence of children as coveted as the next generation of his family.

Therefore, children born of a legitimate marriage is a legitimatechild well under !slamic law or the law in !ndonesia. The child has nasab

9legitimate lineage< are valid in terms of !slamic law, in contrast to the

child of adultery, which should not be attributed to nasab 9legitimate

lineage


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/perm ban has a huge influence on a husband and wife or also on

a girl who does not want to get married but want to have children. this

occurs because the current technological advances such as the sperm

ban .islam had given strict rules and an explanation as described above

that between men and women were different for each pair, therefore any

advice for married .!n a marriage of a person who has been married even

decades old, but did not have the baby does not have the next generation

and descendants, because marriage is in addition to the satisfaction of sex

and halal to relate the body between a man and a woman, also have

children .

many alternatives that will be selected as

*. surrender to fate-. the adoption3. divorce:. polygamy;. the artificial insemination with sperm ban buying spema.

The last alternative is a very big problem for the determination of

!slamic law, especially in matters of marriage and should respond seriouslyconsidering the rapid technological advances in medicine.

>urther confirmed that this biological technology development and

implementation of control techni?ues of this ind can lead to unimaginable

destructive conse?uences for society. &s well as artificial insemination

with donor sperm purchased from a ban degrading human nature

essentially parallel to the inseminated animals, but humans were not the

same as other creatures as described in

R./. &tETin :B

Verily We created man in the best possible shape.

'uman beings are created different from the others do not lie

animals and so forth, therefore, to obtain offspring have also been enjoined

by the way that justifies marriage is not the same as sexual intercourse


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37

!bn &bi ar Ta?iyuddin &lE'usainy also argued ability masturbation

performed by the wife because it is a pleasureB

V k U k[kV q U[]V V]

A man was allowed to seek pleasure through the hands of the wife or

harem because there (one of a pleasure.

/tages second after collecting sperm from the sperm ban donor

&re /ome sperm ban will sell it to a buyer at a price depending on the

?uality of sperm. after the buyer sperm can have children then have to go

through a process called artificial insemination described above. 8aw and

opinion of artificial insemination in the opinion of scholars when sperm

from the husband and wife own ova from then injected into the vagina or

uterus wife, home state of conjugal condition in ?uestion really needs a

way of artificial insemination to have children, because of the way natural

conception, spouses fail to secure the child. This is in accordance with the

law aidh !slamic fi?hB

VZ]V z {ZW[\]VW {ZW[\]V |]}k ~} |U]V

!a"at (#ery important needs it is treated as in a state of forced

(emergency. Whereas emergency $ forced it allows melakukkan things

forbidden.

&mong jurists who allow F justify artificial insemination seedlings

coming from the husband and wife is /hayh 1ahmud /altut, /heih

6usuf alERardhawy, &hmad alE"ibashy, and Laaria &hmad alEarry. !n

organiations, which justifies this type of artificial insemination and

'ealth &dvisory Council /yara 5epartment of 'ealth, &ssembly $lamaS

5%! =aarta, and !slamic institutions !slamic cooperation organiation

based in jeddah.


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37

>or the husbandEwife and implanted in another person or others in

addition to the above for the sae of prudence, the scholars in this case is

forbidden. &mong them are the !nstitute of !slamic jurisprudence !C

9rganiation of !slamic Cooperation


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Needs #per$ Bank in 3%o&a% #ociet,

*. !n general, the social aspect is allowed for the global community minded

individual.

-. !n the ethical aspect is not appropriate.

2eeds a sperm ban in !ndonesia,

2ot in accordance with the ethics/ not in accordance also with the customs of the

people of !ndonesia.

#torage $ethods )ith cro&anking,

E sperm put in a tube, then sprayed li?uid nitrogen, the concentration of € gtN -@

million 9 depending screening


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& G

C8/!24

Conclusion

/perm baning has become a widely accepted mode of infertility treatment,

and in recent times mooted as having new role as fertility insurance. nce looed

upon with improbability, this practice has estbilished to be a succesful techni?ue

of eeping the anticipation of family alive for countless families. The motives for

storage are as diverse as humans themselves. /o far, no limit has been established

for how long human semen can be froen when maintained and stored in

appropriate li?uid nitrogen storage. /cientific literature shows conslusively thatsperm mortility, viability and morphology are not affected by proper longEterm

cryopreservation. CryoEthaw semen pregnancies have been reported after - to 3

decades of semen baning. &ppropriate screening should be carried out before

semen baning as per available guidelines. Currently acceptable guidelines

include those by the ritish &ndrology /ociety and the practice Committe of the

&merican /ociety for reproductive medicines.


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/perm ban help to develop technology of reproduction, but in indonesia

has not been official there are laws on the ban of sperm.&nd in islamic law can

diharaman and allowed hanging from the objectives and the process.

"ecommendation

!n maing this paper adds to the literature should have been more us

comparition with the results of the discussion. To see religius law from a reliable

source


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8!8!4"&P'6

orton 8, "icie, 5icy "P, 5unway ', Taylor /n, Curole 5w. Comperisson of

>ecundability +ith >riends and >roen /emen !n Terapeutic 5onor !nsemmation.

>ertil /teril *#AB:AAEA#

'amid 5g, +aler 5l, +illam /ons "a. Consentration of 4liserol "e?uired for

ptimal /urviven on in vitro >ertisation Capasity on >roen /perm is 5ipendent

n Cryoperservation 1edium. >ertil /teril *#N:#BA@E7

'ammerstedt "', 4raham =%, 2olan =P. Cryopreservation of 1ammalian /perm.

+hat we us them to survive = &ndrol *##@N**B73E

1eryman 'T. 1echanic of >reeing in 8iving Cell and Tissues. /cience *#;A N

*-:B;*;E-*

Pares, &/. "eservation of 'uman /permatooa et 8ow Temperataures. "!T1=

*#:; N -B-B*-E*3

/chmidt %l, Carlsen 0, &ndersen &2. >ertility treatment in mel cancer survivers.

!mt = &ndro -@@7N3@9:B:*3E*#<

/herman =%, uge "4. bservations on Preservation of 'uman /permatooa et

8ow Temperatures. Proc /oc 0xp iol 1ed *#;3 B- BAAE

/pallanani 8, pus Colli 5i visca, &mimale, 0 Gegetgabile, pus Collo !!.

sservaioni, 0 /perimce !notrno &i Germicelli spermatesi 5ell ($omo 0 5egli

&mimali. 1odena *77A

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