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Why It MattersThousands of years ago small groups of hunters crossed a bridge of land that connected Siberia and Alaska. Eventually, they spread throughout North and South America.

The Impact TodayThese first people, called Native Americans, influenced later cultures. Native Americans are part of the modern world, yet many of them also preserve the ways of life, customs, and traditions developed by their ancestors centuries ago.

Chapter Objectives

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• Understand how the first people arrived in the Americas.

• Cite the discovery that changed the lives of the early Native Americans.

Section 1: Early Peoples

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The size increased over time.

Guide to Reading

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The first Americans spread throughout North, Central, and South America.

• archaeology

Main Idea

Key Terms

• artifact • Ice Age • nomad

• migration • maize • carbon dating

• culture

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Arrowhead, hand-chipped stone

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The Journey From Asia • The first people migrated from Asia to

North, Central, and South America during the last Ice Age.

(pages 16–18)(pages 16–18)

• They reached the Americas thousands of years ago.

• This migration took centuries, and people spread out across the Americas as far east as the Atlantic Ocean and as far south as the tip of South America.

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The Journey From Asia (cont.) • These early people crossed a land bridge

from Siberia in northeastern Asia to present-day Alaska.

• This land bridge, Beringia, now lies under the waters of the Bering Strait.

• These early Americans were nomads, moving from place to place in search of food.

• These early people were skilled hunters. They used every part of the animal for food, clothing, weapons, and tools.

(pages 16–18)(pages 16–18)

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Why did these early people spread out across the Americas?

Possible answer: They were looking for a particular climate or land terrain as well as enough resources so they could survive.

The Journey From Asia (cont.)

(pages 16–18)(pages 16–18)

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Settling Down • As large animals such as the mammoth

disappeared, Native Americans hunted smaller game and ate plants and berries.

(pages 18–19)(pages 18–19)

• Native Americans began to find new food sources by learning to plant and raise crops.

• People living near the coast or rivers learned to fish.

• Settlers formed villages and communities. Some people remained nomadic hunters.

• Early peoples eventually developed their own cultures.

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How did early Native Americans learn to adapt to their environment?

They used the resources around them for food, clothing, and shelter. They hunted, fished, planted, and traveled from place to place in search of their needs.

Settling Down (cont.)

(pages 18–19)(pages 18–19)

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Checking for Understanding

__ 1. a period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet’s surface was covered with massive ice sheets

__ 2. a way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

__ 3. the study of ancient peoples

__ 4. a movement of a large number of people into a new homeland

__ 5. an item left behind by early people that represents their culture

A. archaeology

B. artifact

C. Ice Age

D. migration

E. culture

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

C

E

A

D

B

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Checking for Understanding

Reviewing Facts Why did the first people come to the Americas?

The first Americans were nomads searching for food by following animal herds.

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Reviewing Themes

Geography and History How did an Ice Age make is possible for Asian hunters to migrate to the Americas?

Water froze, sea levels dropped, and large areas of land such as Beringia were exposed, allowing migration.

Critical Thinking

Determining Cause and Effect How do you think the first Americans discovered that they could grow their own plants?

Analyzing Visuals

Geography Skills Study the map on page 18 of your textbook. In which direction did the travelers migrate across the Bering Strait?

Travelers migrated east and southeast across the Bering Strait.

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Geography Create a version of the map on page 18 of your textbook. Your version can be larger, if needed. Label all land masses and bodies of water. Illustrate the map to tell the story of how the first Americans migrated to North America.