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SPM Potential Questions Form 5 Chapter 1 - 2 QUESTION 1 - SBP 2010

The reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid will produce zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas. The chemical equation for the reaction is shown below:

H ZnSOSOH Zn 2442

Tindak balas antara zink dan asid sulfurik menghasilkan zink sulfat dan gas hidrogen. Persamaan lamia bagi tindak balas adalah seperti berikut:

H ZnSOSOH Zn 2442

Referring to the information above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of size of zinc on the rate of reaction. Your planning should include the following aspects: Merujuk kepada maklumat di atas, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan kesan saiz zink ke atas kadar tindak balas. Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi apek-aspek berikut: a) Statement of the problem (Pernyataan masalah) b) Hypothesis (Hipotesis) c) All the variables (Semua pemboleh ubah) d) List of material and apparatus (Senarai bahan dan alat radas) e) Procedure (Prosedur) f) Tabulation of data (Penjadualan data) [17 marks]

Suggested Answer:

(a) Does size of zinc affect the rate of reaction with sulphuric acid?

(b) When the size of zinc is smaller, the rate of reaction increases.

(c) Manipulated variable: Size of zinc / Zinc granules and zinc powder Responding variable: Rate of reaction / Time taken to collect a fixed volume of hydrogen gas Fixed variable: Volume / Concentration of sulphuric acid

(d) Apparatus: Conical flask 250ml, burette, basin, delivery tube with stopper, stopwatch, triple beam balance, measuring cylinder

Materials: Zinc granules, zinc powder, [0.1 – 1.0] mol 3dm sulphuric acid

(e) 1. 50 3cm of sulphuric acid is measured using a measuring cylinder and poured into a conical flask.

2. A burette filled with water is inverted over in a basin of water. 3. The initial reading of the burette is recorded. 4. 5g of zinc granules are put into the conical flask. 5. The delivery tube is attached with the end of the tube inserted into the burette. 6. The stopwatch is started immediately. 7. The conical flask is swirled and the burette reading is recorded at every 30s intervals. 8. Step 1-7 are repeated by replacing the zinc granules with zinc powder.

(f) Sample answer:

Time / s 0 30 60 90

Initial burette reading / 3cm

Volume of gas / 3cm

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QUESTION 2 - SBP 2013

Diagram 3.1 shows the production of ammonia, NH 3 through Haber Process. The mixture of

nitrogen and hydrogen gases is passed over iron powder, Fe. Iron powder acts as the catalyst to increase the rate of the production of ammonia gas.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan penghasilan ammonia, NH 3 melalui Proses Haber. Campuran gas

nitrogen dan gas hidrogen dialirkan melalui serbuk ferum, Fe. Serbuk ferum bertindak sebagai mangkin untuk meningkatkan kadar penghasilan gas ammonia.

Based on this idea, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of the presence of

catalyst on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2 .

Berdasarkan idea ini, rancangkan satu eksperimen mahnal untuk menyiasat kesan kehadiran

mangkin ke atas kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida, H 2 O 2 .

Your planning should include the following aspects: Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut: (a) Problem statement (Pernyataan masalah) (b) All the variables (Semua pemboleh ubah) (c) Statement of the hypothesis (Pernyataan hipotesis) (d) List of substances and apparatus (Senarai bahan dan radas) (e) Procedure for the experiment (Prosedur eksperimen) (f) Tabulation of data (Penjadualan data) [17 marks] Suggested Answer:

(a) How does the presence of catalyst / manganese(IV) oxide affect on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide?

(b) Manipulated variable: The presence of catalyst / manganese(IV) oxide Responding variable: Rate of reaction // Rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Constant variable: Concentration and temperature of hydrogen peroxide

(c) When catalyst / manganese(IV) oxide presents, the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide increases.

(d) Method 1: Substances: Hydrogen peroxide, manganese(IV) oxide powder Apparatus: Test tube, measuring cylinder, spatula, wooden splinter

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Method 2: Substances: Hydrogen peroxide, manganese(IV) oxide powder Apparatus: Conical flask, delivery tube and stopper, burette, basin / water trough, retort

stand with clamp, stopwatch, measuring cylinder and spatula

(e) Method 1:

1. 2 to 5 3cm of hydrogen peroxide is measured and poured in a test tube.

2. One spatula of manganese (IV) powder is added into the test tube. 3. A glowing splinter is put into the test tube. 4. The changes on the glowing splinter is observed and recorded. 5. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated without adding manganese (IV) oxide / catalyst. Method 2: 1. A basin / water trough is filled with water. 2. A burette is fulfilled with water and inverted it in onto water in a basin/water trough. 3. The burette is clamped by using a retort stand. The initial burette reading is recorded.

4. 20 - 100 3cm of hydrogen peroxide is measured and poured in a conical flask. 5. A spatula of manganese (IV) powder is added into the conical flask. 6. The conical is closed with a stopper which attached to a delivery tube. Immediately

started the stopwatch. 7. The burette reading is observed and record at every 30 seconds interval time. 8. Steps 1 to 7 are repealed without adding manganese (IV) oxide/catalyst.

(f) Method 1:

Set Observation

Hydrogen peroxide + manganese(IV) oxide

Hydrogen peroxide only

Method 2: Set 1: With catalyst / manganese (IV) oxide

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120

Volume of gas ( 3cm )

Set 2: Without catalyst / manganese (IV) oxide

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120

Volume of gas ( 3cm )

QUESTION 3 - SBP 2014 Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for Set I, Set II, Set III, Set IV and Set V to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and

sulphuric acid using the same size of the conical flask. 50 cm 3 of 0.24 mol dm 3 of sodium

thiosulphate solution is poured into a conical flask and 5 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm 3 of sulphuric acid is added immediately into the sodium thiosulphate solution. The conical flask is shaken and then placed on a paper with mark 'X' as shown in Diagram 1.1. The time taken for the mark 'X' to disappear from sight is recorded. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi Set I, Set II, Set III, Set IV dan Set V untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan ke atas kadar tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik

menggunakan saiz kelalang kon yang sama. 50 cm 3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.24 mol dm 3

dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon dan 5 cm 3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm 3 ditambah dengan cepat kepada larutan natrium tiosulfat itu . Kelalang kon itu digoncangkan dan kemudian diletakkan di atas kertas yang ditanda 'X' seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.1. Masa untuk tanda 'X' hilang dari pandangan dicatatkan.

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The experiment is repeated by using the same volume of sodium thiosulphate solution but with

different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate solution. Set II using 0.20 mol dm 3 , Set III using

0.16 mol dm 3 , Set IV using 0.12 mol dm 3 and Set V using 0.08 mol dm 3 . Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan isi padu larutan natrium tiosulfat yang sama tetapi

dengan kepekatan larutan natrium tiosulfat yang berbeza. Set II menggunakan 0.20 mol dm 3 , Set

III menggunakan 0.16 mol dm 3 , Set IV menggunakan 0.12 mol dm 3 dan Set V menggunakan

0.08 mol dm 3 . Diagram 1.2 shows the readings of the stopwatch in each experiment. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bacaan jam randik bagi setiap eksperimen. a) Record the stopwatch readings in the space provided in Diagram 1.2. Catatkan bacaan jam randik pada ruang yang disediakan pada Rajah 1.2. [3 marks]

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(b)(i) Based on Diagram 1.1, state one observation in this experiment. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini. [3 marks] (ii) Based on your observation in (b)(i), state the inference.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam (b)(i), nyatakan inferens. [3 marks] (c) Based on Diagram 1.2, complete Table 1.1

Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 1.2, lengkapkan Jadual 1.1 [3 marks]

Set Concentration (mol dm 3 ) Time

(s) Time

1(s 1 )

I 0.24

II 0.20

III 0.16

IV 0.12

V 0.08

Table 1.1 / Jadual 1.1

(d) For this experiment, state the: Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:

(i) Manipulated variable: Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: (ii) Responding variable: Pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas:

(iii) Constant variable: Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: [3 marks]

(e) State a hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini. [3 marks]

(f) Plot a graph of concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution against time

1 on the graph

paper time provided.

Lukiskan graf kepekatan natrium tiosulfat melawan masa

1 di atas kertas graf yang

disediakan. [3 marks] (g) Based on the graph, Berdasarkan graf,

(i) State the relationship between the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution and the rate of reaction. Nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan kadar tindak balas. [3 marks] (ii) Predict the time taken for the mark 'X' to disappear from sight if the experiment is carried

out using 0.22 mol dm 3 of sodium thiosulphate solution. Show on the graph how you determine the time taken.

Ramalkan masa yang diambil bagi tanda 'X' hilang dari pandangan jika eksperimen itu

dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.22 mol dm 3 . Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan masa yang diambil. [3 marks]

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(h) State the operational definition for the rate of reaction based on this experiment. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas berdasarkan eksperimen ini. [3 marks] (i) Classify the following reactions into fast reaction and slow reaction. Kelaskan tindak balas berikut kepada tindak balas cepat dan tindak balas perlahan. [3 marks]

Rusting Fermentation Neutralization Pengaratan Penapaian Peneutralan

Combustion Corrosion Displacement Pembakaran Kakisan Penyesaran

Suggested Answer:

(a) Set I: (0.24 mol dm 3 ) 17.0 s

Set II: (0.20 mol dm 3 ) 20.0 s

Set III: (0.16 mol dm 3 ) 25.0 s

Set IV: (0.12 mol dm 3 ) 33.0 s

Set V: (0.08 mol dm 3 ) 50.0 s

(b)(i) Mark X disappears from sight // Precipitate / solid is formed // Solid covers X

(ii) Sulphur is formed

(c)

Concentration / mol dm 3 Time/s Time

1(s 1 )

0.24 17.0 0.06

0.20 20.0 0.05

0.16 25.0 0.04

0.12 33.0 0.03

0.08 50.0 0.02

(d) Manipulated variable: Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution Responding variable: Time taken for mark X to disappear from sight // rate of reaction Constant variable: Volume of sodium thiosulphate // Temperature // size of conical flask // concentration and volume of sulphuric acid

(e) The higher / lower the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher / lower the rate of reaction. // The higher / lower the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution, the shorter / longer the time taken for mark X to disappear from sight.

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(f)

(g)(i) The higher / lower the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution, the rate of reaction increases / decreases.

(ii) Time =

055.0

1

= 18.18 s // 18.2 s

(h) Time taken for mark 'X' to disappear from sight when sulphuric acid is added into different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate solution.

(i)

Fast reaction Slow reaction

Neutralization Combustion Displacement

Rusting Fermentation

Corrosion

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QUESTION 5 - 2009 SBP Diagram 2 shows two methods of dissolving sugar cubes to make sugar solution. Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua kaedah melarutkan ketulan gula untuk membuat larutan gula.

A group of students discovered that it is faster to dissolve the sugar cubes to make sugar solution by using hot water rather than cold water. This is due to the difference in the temperature of the water. Sekumpulan pelajar mendapati bahawa lebih cepat untuk melarutkan ketulan gula menggunakan air panas berbanding air sejuk untuk membuat larutan gula. Ini disebabkan oleh perbezaan suhu air. Referring to the situation in Diagram 2, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate solution. Merujuk kepada situasi dalam Rajah 2, rancangkan satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengkaji kesan suhu terhadap kadar tindak balas antara asid sulfurik dan larutan natrium tiosulfat. Your planning should include the following aspects. Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut. (a) Statement of the problem (Pernyataan masalah) (b) All the variables (Semua pemboleh ubah) (c) Statement of the hypothesis (Pernyataan hipotesis) (d) List of substances and apparatus (Senarai bahan dan alat radas) (e) Procedure (Prosedur) (f) Tabulation of data (Penjadualan data) [17 marks] Suggested Answer:

(a) How does temperature affects the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate solution?

(b) Manipulated variable: Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution Responding variable: Time taken for the mark “X” to disappear from sight / Rate of reaction Constant variable: Volume and concentration of sulphuric acid / sodium thiosulphate solution / Volume of conical flask

(c) The higher the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher the rate of reaction / the shorter time taken for the mark “X” to disappear from sight

(d) Substances: Sodium thiosulphate solution [0.1 – 0.5] mol , sulphuric acid [0.2 – 1.0]

mol Apparatus: Conical flask [150 - 250cm], measuring cylinder, thermometer, Bunsen burner, filter paper / white paper, tripod stand, wire gauz, stopwatch

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(e) 1. 50 of sodium thiosulphate solution is poured into a conical flask. 2. The temperature of the solution is recorded. 3. The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper with a mark “X” at the

centre.

4. 5 of sulphuric acid is added into the conical flask and the stop watch is started immediately.

5. The conical flask is swirled and the time taken for the mark “X” to disappear from sight is recorded.

6. Step 1 to 5 are repeated by heating the sodium thiosulphate solution at different temperatures.

(f) Sample answer:

Temperature Time/s

30

35

40

QUESTION 6 - 2014 SBP Diagram 2 shows how the name of ester is derived from the name of the alcohol and carboxylic acid that to produce the ester. Rajah 2 menunjukkan bagaimana noma ester diperolehi daripada nama alkohol dan asid karboksilik yang bertindak untuk menghasilkan ester itu.

The different sweet and fruity odours of esters make them useful as flavourings in the food industries. Table 2 shows the different odours produced from the different esters. Bau manis buah-buahan ester membuatkannya berguna sebagai perisa dalam industri makanan. Jadual 2 menunjukkan bau yang berbeza daripada ester yang berlainan.

Name of ester Nama ester

Odour Bau

Butyl methanoate / Butil metanoat Cherry / Ceri

Butyl ethanoate / Butil etanoat Apple / Epal

Butyl propanoate / Butil propanoat Pear / Pir

Table 2 / Jadual 2

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Referring to Table 2, plan a laboratory experiment to prepare esters with different odours from different carboxylic acids. Your planning should include the following aspects: Merujuk kepada Jadual 2, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan ester dengan bau yang berbeza dengan menggunakan asid karboksilik yang berbeza. Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut: (a) Problem statement (Pernyataan masalah) (b) All the variables (Semua pemboleh ubah) (c) Statement of hypothesis (Pernyataan hipotesis) (d) List of materials and apparatus (Senarai bahan dan radas) (e) Procedure for the experiment (Prosedur eksperimen) (f) Tabulation of data (Penjadualan data) [17 marks] Suggested Answer:

(a) Does different carboxylic acids react with butanol produce esters with different odour?

(b) Manipulated variable: Type of carboxylic acids // Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid and propanoic acid Responding variables: Esters / odours produced Fixed variable: Butanol / alcohol used

(c) When different carboxylic acids are used, the esters formed will give different odours.

(d) List of apparatus: Boiling tube, beaker, test tube holder, Bunsen burner, dropper, measuring cylinder // Round bottom flask, beaker, Liebig condenser, measuring cylinder, Bunsen burner, dropper, porcelain chips List of materials: Glacial methanoic acid, ethanoic acid and propanoic acid, butanol, concentrated sulphuric acid, water

(e) Situation 1

1. Pour [2 - 5] cm 3 butanol and [2 - 5] cm 3 glacial methanoic acid into a boiling tube. 2. Add a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid into the mixture. 3. Heat the mixture gently. 4. Pour the mixture into beaker half-filled with water. 5. Observe and record the product formed. 6. Repeat the experiment by replacing methanoic acid with ethanoic acid and propanoic acid. Situation 2

1. Pour [25-100] cm 3 glacial methanoic acid into a round bottom flask and [25 - 100] cm 3 butanol. 2. Put in a few pieces of porcelain chips into the flask.

3. Add [5 - 20] cm 3 of concentrated sulphuric acid into the mixture. 4. Reflux the mixture for about [30] minutes. 5. Observe and record the product formed. 6. Repeat the experiment by replacing methanoic acid with ethanoic acid and propanoic acid.

(f) Tabulation of data:

Carboxylic acid/Ester Observation

Methanoic acid/Butyl methanoate

Ethanoic acid/Butyl ethanoate

Propanoic acid/Butyl propanoate

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QUESTION 7 - 2015 PERLIS Diagram 1.1 shows an experiment to compare the elasticity vulcanized rubber and unvulcanized rubber. 15g of weights were hung on 5cm of rubber strips X and Y. The length of each rubber strip was measured after the weights were removed. The experiment was repeated using 30g and 45g of weight. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan keanjalan getah tervulkan dan getah tak tervulkan. Pemberat 15g digantung pada 5cm jalur getah X dan Y. Panjang setiap jalur getah tersebut diukur selepas pemberat dialihkan. Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan pemberat 30g dan 45g.

Diagram 1.2 shows the length of rubber strips X before for weights were hung and after the weights were removed. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan panjang jalur getah X sebelum pemberat-pemberat digantung dan selepas pemberat-pemberat dialihkan.

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Diagram 1.3 shows the length of rubber strips Y before the weight were hung and after the weights were removed. Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan panjang jalur getah Y sebelum pemberat-pemberat digantung dan selepas pemberat-pemberat dialihkan.

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(a) Based on Diagram 1.1, state the observation for this experiment. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, nyatakan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini. [3 marks] (b) State the inference for the observation in 1(a). Nyatakan inferens bagi pemerhatian di 1(a). [3 marks] (c) Referring to the Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3, measure the length of each rubber strip and

record the reading in the spaces provided. Merujuk kepada Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3, ukur panjang setiap jalur getah dan catatkan bacaan pada ruangan yang disediakan. [3 marks]

(d) Construct a table and record all the length of each rubber strip in 1(c). Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua panjang setiap jalur getah di 1(c). [3 marks]

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(e) For this experiment, state: Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan: (i) The manipulated variable Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan (ii) The responding variable Pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas (iii) The fixed variable Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan [3 marks]

(f) State the hypothesis for this experiment Nyatakan hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini. [3 marks] (g) What is the relationship between length of rubber strip and the elasticity? Apakah hubungan antara panjang jalur getah dengan keanjalannya? [3 marks] (h) State the operational definition for the elasticity of the rubber strip. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi keanjalan jalur getah. [3 marks]

(i) Both rubber strips were left about 7 days. Rubber strip Y produced a smell but rubber strip X do not produce smell. Explain the observation. Kedua-dua jalur getah ditinggalkan selama 7 hari. Jalur getah Y menghasilkan bau manakala jalur getah X tidak. Terangkan pemerhatian tersebut. [3 marks] (j) If the experiment is continued by increasing the mass of weight, the rubber strip will snap. Predict which rubber strip will snap first and state the types of rubber strips X and Y. Jika eksperimen ini diteruskan dengan menambahkan jisim pemberat, jalur getah akan putus. Ramalkan jalur getah manakah akan putus dahulu dan nyatakan jenis jalur getah X dan Y.

[3 marks]

(k) The following is a list of chemical substances. Berikut adalah senarai beberapa bahan kimia.

Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide Methanoic acid Ammonia Asid nitrik Natrium hidroksida Asid metanoik Ammonia

Classify the chemicals into substance that can coagulate latex and substances that cannot coagulate latex. Kelaskan bahan-bahan kimia ini kepada bahan yang boleh menggumpalkan lateks dan bahan yang tidak dapat menggumpalkan lateks. [3 marks]

Suggested Answer:

(a) Rubber strip Y is extended longer than rubber strip X.

(b) Rubber strip X is harder than rubber strip Y

(c) Rubber strip X: 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 6.0 Rubber strip Y: 5.0, 5.5, 6.4, 8.5

(d)

Type of rubber Rubber strip X Rubber strip Y

Weight (g) 0 15 30 45 0 15 30 45

Length (cm) 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 6.4 8.5

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(e) (i) Manipulated variable: Rubber strip X, Rubber strip Y (ii) Responding variable: The length of rubber strip after weight is removed (iii) Fixed variable: Size of rubber strip, mass of weight

(f) Rubber strip ‘X’ is more elastic than rubber strip Y

(g) The length of rubber strip increases the elasticity decreases.

(h) The longer the length of rubber strip after weight is removed, the less elastic the rubber strip.

(i) Rubber strip Y has more double bond between carbon and carbon atom // Rubber strip X has less double bond between carbon and carbon atom // Rubber strip Y easily undergoes oxidation process compared to rubber strip X //

(j) Rubber Y will snap first. Rubber strip X: Vulcanized rubber Rubber strip Y: Unvulcanized rubber

(k)

Substance that can coagulate latex Substance that cannot coagulate latex

Nitric acid Methanoic acid

Sodium hydroxide Ammonia