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Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in

chemical reactions

‘Organic’ because they contain carbon atoms

Required in small amounts

Necessary for1. Growth2. Reproduction3. Health Maintenance

Sport Books Publisher 2

Vitamins

Two classifications,

1. Water-soluble vitamins; and

2. Fat-soluble vitamins

Based on the ability to dissolve in either water or fat tissue, respectively

Sport Books Publisher 3

Water-soluble Vitamins Not stored

Excess eliminated in the urine

Include vitamin C and B-complex vitamins

Dissolve quickly in water, so overcooking fruits and vegetables in water will result in the vitamins being lost to the water

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Fat-soluble Vitamins Includes vitamins A, D, E, K

When taken in excess, these vitamins are stored in fat tissue

Over-consumption of these vitamins (especially A and D) can result in toxicity

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Antioxidants Formed from vitamins

Aid in preserving healthy cells

When the body breaks down fats, or uses oxygen, free radicals are formed

Free radicals can damage cell membranes and mutate genes

Antioxidants react with free radicals to decrease their negative effects

Include vitamins E, C, beta carotene (from vitamin A)

Sport Books Publisher 6

Minerals Numerous functions in the body

‘Inorganic’ because they do not contain carbon atoms

Necessary for1. Structural elements (teeth, hormones,

muscles)2. Regulation of body functions (muscle

contractions, blood clotting, heart function)

3. Aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues

4. Catalytic action in energy release

Sport Books Publisher 7

Minerals

major minerals are found in relatively large amounts in the body

• Calcium• Phosphorus• Magnesium• Sulfur• Sodium• Potassium

trace elements are needed in small amounts

• Zinc• Iron• Copper• Fluoride• Iodine• Selenium

Approximately 17-21 identified essential minerals

Sport Books Publisher 8

Vitamins and Minerals Needed in small amounts

Essential component to good health

Consumption of too little or too much can have detrimental effects

To ensure adequate intake, eat a balanced diet with variety