Sport Management:Principles and Applications

Chapter 7

Human resource management

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Chapter 7 – Human resource management

• What is human resource management?• HRM in sport• Essentials of HRM in sport:

– Planning– Recruitment– Selection– Orientation– Training and development– Performance appraisal– Rewards and retention

• Summary

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What is HRM?

• HRM – the process of matching people to jobs and developing a satisfied and effective workforce

• HRM is central to planning – high cost

• HRM has a direct impact on organizational performance

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Sport employees

• Management

• Administration staff

• Volunteers

• Sport specialists – coaches and scientists

• Professional athletes

• Person centred and goal directed

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HRM in pro sport

• Unique features of sport organizations

• Pro sport club – management, sport specialists, and players

• In pro sport employees at the bottom are paid the most

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HRM in nonprofit sport

• In nonprofit sport unpaid volunteers employ paid staff

• Significant volunteer effort

• Motivations, commitment, satisfaction and performance differ?

• HRM may not be a dedicated function – may share with finance

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Fig 7.1 – Pay and organization levels in professional sport and non-sport

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HRM in sport events

• Fluctuations in workforce size

• Events require systematic recruitment, selection, and orientation programs

• Also need simple recognition schemes

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Figure 7.2 – Sport event staffing

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HRM process

1. Planning

2. Recruitment

3. Selection and screening

4. Orientation and induction

5. Training and development

6. Performance appraisal

7. Rewards and recognition

8. Retention or replacement

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Figure 7.3 – The HRM Process

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1. Planning

• Assessing and forecasting HR needs– Future overall demand– Mix of capabilities– Seasonal variations– Specific skill requirements

• Job analysis• Job description• Job specification

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Planning continued

• Job design:– Simplification– Rotation– Enlargement– Enrichment

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2. Recruitment

• Generating a pool of applicants

• Methods?– Newspaper ads– Organizational websites– Online – Agency

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3. Selection and screening

• Short listing applicants• Paper assessment of letter, form and CV• Interview• Legislative requirements• Personality tests – attitudes and values• Intelligence tests• Trial periods

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4. Orientation and Induction

• Make new employees welcome and valued• Direct supervision• Organizational policies• Employment conditions• Health and safety• Tour of workplace• Training and development opportunities• Performance appraisal

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5. Training and Development

• Skill acquisition

• Designed for individuals

• Driver for organizational performance

• In house vs. external provider

• 5 step process – needs analysis, design program, validate, implement, evaluated

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6. Performance appraisal

• Potential problem area

• Mindset of reviewing performance to improve not to punish

• Goal setting, do, review, improve

• Pro sport is a very public process

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7. Rewards and recognition

• Rewards are clear in pro sport

• Rewards and recognition crucial to maintain volunteer commitment

• Ideas?

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8. Retention or replacement

• Staff losses mean knowledge and skills are lost – costly to replace

• May be hard to dismiss volunteers

• An acceptable level of turnover?

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Summary

• What is human resource management?• HRM in sport• Essentials of HRM in sport:

– Planning– Recruitment– Selection– Orientation– Training and development– Performance appraisal– Rewards and retention