Sport versus Art: A South African Contest

8/9/2019 Sport versus Art: A South African Contest

1/65

_\FUSTGU_W_NUSGCKSGC E[

OAUK_ SAWUJN@

N

_FWSA

NDU K ON@OF@SG_S


2/65

_\FUSTGU_W_NUS


3/65

_\FUSTGU_W_NUSGCKSGC E[

OAUK_ SAWUJN@

N

_FWSA

NDU K ON@OF@SG_S


4/65

\wehksagc k` _fwa Ndukon e{2

]ks W`ktgusk{ \ugss> Bn` _jws Ntg`wgBfan``gsewum5*141>3*7>5*4

Nhh ukmas ugsgutgc. @f |nu fd aks |wehkonkf` jn{ eg ug|ufcwogc( sfugc k` n ugukgtnhs{sgj( fu un`sjkgc k` n`{ dfuj fu e{ n`{ jgn`s( ghgouf`ko( jgoan`konh( |aff*of|{k`m( ugofuck`m fu fagu}ksg( }kafw ag }ukg` |gujksskf` fd ag |wehksagu(

gqog| k` noofucnòg }ka ag |uftkskf`s fd ag Of|{ukma No( No ;1 fd >;=1.

Sag gckfu n`c nwafus }fwhc hkig f anì Nesn dfu sw||fuk`mag }ukk`m fd aks effi. Sag tkg}s |wehksagc k` _|fu tgusws Nunug( af}gtgu( afsg fd ag k`cktkcwnh }ukgus n`c Nesn cfgs `fnsswjg n`{ ugs|f`skekhk{ dfu ag of`g` |wehksagc k` aks effi(`fu cfgs k noog| hknekhk{ dfu n`{ kòf`tg`kgòg fu cnjnmgsonwsgc e{ ag |wehkonkf`.

\ufbgo jn`nmgc e{ Jf`kon _ggeguOftgu cgskm` n`c hn{fw e{ Afafwsg _fwa Ndukon\uk`gc n`c efw`c e{ Whun Hkaf !\{+ Hc.


5/65

Dfu Bwcg Ofjhg{ n`c Tn`khhn @wusg

Sag{ sanhh muf} `f fhc( ns }g an nug hgd muf} fhc2

Nmg sanhh `f }gnu{ agj( `fu ag {gnus of`cgj` ...


6/65

Saks effi }fwhc `f antg egg` |fsskehg }kafw ag gàwsknsj(

ghf~wgòg n`c k`ghhgownh g`mnmgjg` fd ks tnukfws ofùkewfus9

K nj skògugh{ k`cgegc f agj

K nj gs|goknhh{ mungdwh f Tguf`kon Ihk|| n`c Bwhkg Jkhhgu( }af

g`cfusgc ag kcgn egak`c ag effi egdfug n }fuc anc egg` }ukg`(

n`c }afsg gòfwunmgjg` aufwmafw ans egg` mugnh{ n||ugokngc

Jf`kon _ggegu fddgugc k`tnhwnehg nctkog f` ag jn`wsouk| n tnukfwssnmgs n`c sn} ag |ufbgo aufwma f ks ofj|hgkf` }ka n|hfje !sag

ks nhsf n oanujk`m gn*kjg ofj|n`kf`+

K ans egg` n |hgnswug f }fui }ka Cgskugg \ffg n`c agu

ofhhgnmwgs n Nesn( }afsg dk`nòknh ofùkewkf` f n`c |ufjfkf`

fd ag effi ans egg` k`dwsgc }ka n ugs|go dfu ag |ufbgos k`gh*

hgownh k`gmuk{ n`c nwf`fj{

Dk`nhh{( K fddgu awjehg anìs f j{ |nug`s n`c sksgus( }af

`wuwugc j{ s|fuk`m n`c nuksko kòhk`nkf`s9 f j{ }kdg( Oksin(

}af of`k`wnhh{ sw||fus j{ k`cwhmgòg k` efa9 n`c f nhh afsg

dukg`cs n`c ofhhgnmwgs }af antg |uftgc f jg ftgu ag {gnus an

agsg k`gugss `ggc `f eg jwwnhh{ gqohwsktg

Oauks Sawujn`

Jnuoa 5Oauks Sawujn`

\nssk`m \nsskf`s( G`cwuk`m Hftg |?3\nukoi Onku`s

]a{ _|fu Jngus |3Nsa}k` Cgsnk

Nuhgss _|fu n`c _|fuhgss Nu2 |>>5

Cgjfouno{s Ckhgjjns fd Ug|ugsg`nkf`

Mntk` _fwumg`

NUS&_\FUS6

Sag Eghhf}k`m Ewhh n`c ag Sak`m San ks @f Ufw`c2 |>5?

Bnrr n`c ag Akccg` Aksfu{ fd Ehnoi Uwme{

M}g` N`sghh

_|fu{ @gucs n`c Nu{ Bfois2 |>?>Af} _fwa Ndukon`s sgg Sagjsghtgs

_wnu Sagfenhc

\hn{k`m f ]k` ks `f Ugnhh{ \hn{k`m2 |>3>

Nukss _|fuk`m K`gutg`kf`s

Nàgn Ew{s

Enhhg ks n _|fu2 \nu F`g |>31Gc}nuc Mukddkas


9/65

Enhhg ks n _|fu2 \nu S}f |>75

Dkf`n Ewcc( Knk` Jnocf`nhc n`c _njn`an _ngtkrf`

Ws n`c Sagj2 |>7=

Cn`og( _|fu( Mg`cgu n`c \fhkkos

Ncukg``g _koagh

Sag Nu fd _|fu |>=?N`mws \f}gus

_\FUS( NUS N@C JG2 JGJFU[( @F_SNHMKN( UGMUGS

Oukoig( Hfss n`c Hkdg !n`c _f`m+ Jws Mf F` |>1>Sfns Ofgrgu

@f @fujnh Nu ...6 |>;>Jkig tn` Munn`

\k`k`m dfu n Ugwu` f n Mfhcg` Gun |>;;Tkofu Chnjk`k

Oukoig( Mg`cgu n`c K`kjnkf`s fd Jfunhk{ |5>>

Aghg` Jfddg


10/65

]g n Nesn ugnhksg ag k`gmunh n`c kj|fun` ufhg an nu n`c s|fu

|hn{ k` n`{ sfokg{ Sag{ on` euk`m |gf|hg fmgagu n`c g`ofwunmg n`

w`s|fig` |nukfksj n`c fmgagu`gss an jkma f fuck`nukh{ gqksk` n cktgusg sfokg{ swoa ns fwus Gnoa fd ws ks k`tfhtgc k` sfjg }n{ k`

f`g fu efa nug`ns gkagu e{ |nukok|nk`m fu ns n s|gonfu n`c

aks un`shngs k`f n dfuj fd sw||fu an fdg` un`sog`cs kjg( nmg

n`c unog

Hkig}ksg( agsg nug`ns antg g~wnhh{ ukoa n`c ofhfwudwh aksfukgs k`

_fwa Ndukon an antg egg` |nssgc f` dufj mg`gunkf` f mg`gunkf`

S}f fwsn`ck`m gqnj|hgs nug ag jwoa nhigc*nefw Nesn Owuukg

Ow| uwme{ ofj|gkkf` n`c ag Nesn HNghkgu nu n}nucs( efa fd

}akoa nug oghgeunk`m agku 57*{gnu n``ktgusnu{ k` 5


11/65

qkkk

ugs|f`skehg ofu|fung okkrg`( dfu ag gof`fjko }ghh*egk`m fd ag

ugmkf` Noofuck`m f ugog` ugsgnuoa( ag fnh gof`fjko kj|no fd ag

Nesn II@I k` 55 jkhhkf`Nesns ftgunhh k`tgsjg` k` efa s|fu n`c ag nus jnigs n

ugjnuinehg ckddgugòg k` ag hktgs fd _fwa Ndukon`s ]g nug |ufwc f

eg nssfokngc }ka swoa k`kknktgs n`c tkg} fwu ufhg ns jfug an` bws

k`tfhtgjg` k` ag |ugsgutnkf` fd owhwug k ks n ofùkewkf` f ag

ftgunhh muf}a n`c gtfhwkf` fd k`cktkcwnh ofjjw`kkgs n`c fd fwu

sfokg{ jfug eufnch{

K` dwwug k`kknktgs( Nesn }khh g`cgntfwu f dfumg sfw`c |nu`gu*

sak|s an }khh antg n |fskktg kj|no f` fwu ofwù{.

An||{ @sak`mkhn

Nesn Mufw| Gqgowktg( Jnuigk`m n`c Ofjjw`konkf`


12/65

IKOIK@M FDD

\ffu Ughnkf`s6

Oauks Sawujn`

K` n sg`sg( ag n||gnun`og fd aks effi kjjgckngh{ |ukfu f ag 5;;7 ]ka ag |ufs|go fd afsk`m ag 5< DKDN

Dffenhh ]fuhc Ow| kjjk`g`( agug ans nmnk` egg` of`bgowug ftguaf} ag _fwa Ndukon` `nkf` }khh eg |ufbgogc k`f ag mhfenh kjnmk*

`nkf` fu( f efuuf} n |aunsg( af} _fwa Ndukons kcg`k{ }khh of`k`wg

f eg of`suwogc k` ag mhfenh kjnmk`nu{ aufwma ag |nmgn`u{ fd

ag f|g`k`m n`c ohfsk`m ogugjf`kgs Sag wsg fd Oanuhkrg Saguf` ns

>>\ffu Ughnkf`s6


23/65

hftgh{ nssksn` f DKDN _gougnu{*Mg`gunh Bujg Tnhoig n ag

oghgeuk{*agnt{ ogugjf`{ |w f` dfu ag ]fuhc Ow| cun} k` Cgogjegu

5


24/65

FSffhg jg`kf`s w`k`s|kuk`m |affmun|ako gssn{s nefw dffenhh f`

ag Ndukon` of`k`g` n`c ag Nukss fd Ndukon Gqakekkf` f|g`k`m n

Bfan``gsewums Jwsgwj Ndukon k` Jn{ 5


25/65

ag ekm ewcmg nwokf`s dfu k`gu`nkf`nh |hn{gus k` ag a{|guefhkonh

oukoigk`m g`gunk`jg` fd ag K`ckn` \ugjkgu Hgnmwg !K\H+( ag fsjfsks

fd uwme{ |hn{gus noufss ag `fuagu` agjks|agug&sfwagu` agjks|agug

cktkcg nhh fd agsg jnig k kòugnsk`mh{ ckddkowh dfu s|fus dn`s f

ugsfu f skj|hg*jk`cgc bk`mfksj fu |nukfko dgutfwu }ag` ag{ug

oagguk`m f` agku agufgs Fu cf ag{6 _woogssdwh s|fus|gf|hg nug

n||uf|ukngc ns `nkf`nh dkmwugs kuugs|goktg fd agku |uftg`nòg9 nsEukksa bfwu`nhks Ufe _gg` ans `fgc( `f*f`g k` G`mhn`c sggjs f

jk`c an dfwu fd ag owuug` snus fd ag G`mhksa oukoig gnj nug _fwa

Ndukon` efu` n`c unksgc !n`c an( a{|fagkonhh{( G`mhn`c ofwhc dkghc

n gnj fd ghgtg` ofj|fsgc g`kugh{ fd gq|n _fwa Ndukon`s+

Sagug nug( fd ofwusg( jn`{ |gf|hg k` _fwa Ndukon }af cf jk`c(

|gf|hg }af `f cfwe sanug Sfns Ofgrgus eghkgd( ns gq|ugssgc k` aks

ofùkewkf` f aks effi( an agug ks `fak`m }fusg an` sggk`m n

_fwa Ndukon` s|fus gnj hfsg f G`mhn`c Cn` @koafhh( k` aks g`gu*

nk`k`m ugofhhgokf` fd mugn s|fuk`m jfjg`s( nhhwcgs }u{h{ f n`fagu

`nkf`nh uktnhu{ |guan|s n`nmf`ksj ks n eggu }fuc eg}gg` _fwa

Ndukon n`c Nwsunhkn9 {g k }ns n`k*G`mhksa sg`kjg` an onjg f ag

dfug k` |wes n`c hktk`m uffjs noufss _fwa Ndukon cwuk`m ag g`sg

jfjg`s fd ag 5


26/65

Jwoa ns n` ncug`nhk`g*dwghhgc |nukfksj jkma cuktg f`gs gqwhn`

fu cgs|f`cg` ugs|f`sg f ag hktg s|fuk`m gtg`( af}gtgu( K }fwhc numwg

an agsg jfjg`s ugnk` agku n||gnh egonwsg( }ag` ugtkskgc }ggis fu

jfàs ndgu ag dno( ag{ on` eg n||ugokngc dfu }an jkma eg gujgc

agku nuksko ~wnhkkgs. _hf}*jfkf` dffnmg ugtgnhs Ufssfw}s n`c

Owgfs afukrf`nh efckgs jftk`m munogdwhh{( nhegk }ka mugn jfjg`*

wj9 agug ks ag ngsagko aukhh fd ag gtgu*sf*shkma of`no eg}gg` ageff n`c ag hk`g9 n`c }ag` }g ugonhh k` fwu jk`cs ag cunjn fd ag

jfjg` }g kjjgusg fwusghtgs k` k n`g}( ew }ka ag munkdkonkf` !fu(

kd {fwug G`mhksa( ag ofj|g`snkf`+ fd jghhf}gc gjfkf`s. _kjkhnuh{( ag

kj|ufenehg s{jjgu{ fd ag F`kf`s sog`nukf ans ag dgghk`m fd n onugdwhh{

souk|gc `nuunktg( n`c ag nuoag{|g fd ag hns jn` sn`ck`m on``f

dnkh f gtfig n ugs|f`sg fd ncjkunkf` af}gtgu muwcmk`m( af}gtgu ughwo*

n` dufj ag jfs nucg` \ufgns sw||fugu. Ks |wug agnug.Saks ks uwg fd jn`{ fagu mugn _fwa Ndukon` s|fuk`m jfjg`s(

jfjg`s an antg s|wuugc f` |nukfko dgutfwu ew an nug whkjngh{

fd hnsk`m k`gugs egonwsg fd n awjn` sfu{ wùghngc f `nkf`nh |ukcg

Sakì fd Bfskna Sawm}n`g( uw``k`m n tkofu{ hn| }ka n _fwa Ndukon`

dhnm cun|gc ftgu aks safwhcgus ndgu }k``k`m mfhc k` ag jnunaf` n ag

>;;4 Nhn`n Fh{j|kos( n`c swesg~wg`h{ cgohnuk`m2 K }f` ag jgcnh

dfu nhh ag |gf|hg fd _fwa Ndukon n`c gs|goknhh{ dfu j{ |ugskcg`( @ghsf`

Jn`cghn( }af jncg k |fsskehg dfu ws f eg |nu fd ag k`gu`nkf`nh ofj*

jw`k{ Ugofhhgokf`s fd swoa sog`gs n`c sfw`cekgs nug k`mgc }ka

`fsnhmkn dfu ag f|kjksj !n`c ncjkgch{( k` ugufs|go( ag `nktg{+ fd

ag jkc*>;;


27/65

_wnu Sagfenhc( k` n` gssn{ an hnumgh{ numwgs nmnk`s ag cwnhksko

sg|nunkf` fd s|fu n`c ag nus( `gtguaghgss |fk`s fw f`g fd ag ig{

ckddgugògs eg}gg` ag }f |wuswks2 }akhg ag nus nug hgss gnskh{

ugouwkgc f ag |ufjfkf` fd n |nukowhnu kcgn fd ag nkf`( ag oanu*

nogu fd s|fuk`m g`cgntfwu ks cgg|h{ `nkf`nhks ag |k``nohg fd n

cksok|hk`g ks ug|ugsg`k`m {fwu ofwù{ [g ag jfs ufwsk`m |nukfko

sg`kjg`s f` n s|fus dkghc nug fdg` skuugc( egdfug ag mnjg ans gtgègmw`( e{ n jfjg` fd nuksu{2 ag sk`mk`m fd ag `nkf`nh nàgjs

Ns gtkcgògc e{ ag sanjg n`c n`mgu dfhhf}k`m Uns Cwjksn`ks

efoagc ug`ckkf` fd ag _fwa Ndukon` nàgj }ag` ag _|uk`mefis

ffi f` Dunòg k` Sfwhfwsg k` 5


28/65

_fwa Ndukon` eggu eun`c nigs nctn`nmg fd aks g`skf` e{ saf}k`m

af} dn`s dufj f||fsk`m \_H sfoogu gnjs on` w`kg egak`c Endn`n

Endn`n kd ag{ cukì ag gnj s|f`sfus eug} !agug f`g on` n||h{ _kjf`

tn` _oanhi}{is n`nh{sks fd ag dwskf` fd `nkf` ewkhck`m n`c |ufcwo

|ufjfkf` k` n` gnuhkgu nctgu dfu ag snjg eun`c+ F` n`fagu hgtgh(

unog*ensgc cktkskf`s k` |fs*n|nuagkc _fwa Ndukon antg egg` nmmun*

tngc e{ of`dhkok`m f|k`kf`s nefw un`sdfujnkf` k` ag ncjk`ksun*kf` fd s|fu n`c unoknh ug|ugsg`nkf` fu( jfug on|kfwsh{( fig`ksj

k` ag ofj|fskkf` fd s|fus gnjs

W`cgu n|nuagkc( ag ekm augg s|fus }gug suf`mh{ nssfokngc }ka

ga`kok{2 sfoogu }ns n ehnoi s|fu( uwme{ n`c oukoig }gug }akg

s|fus !}ka uwme{ g`ck`m f eg Ndukinn`s( oukoig G`mhksa+ \ukfu f

aks( ns ans egg` }ghh cfowjg`gc( oukoig n`c uwme{ }gug skm`kdkon`

dfuogs k` ag ofhf`ksk`m |ufogss( kj|fugc f _fwa Ndukon n`c |ufjfgc

k` aks ofwù{ egonwsg ag{ }gug sgg` f gjefc{ ag kj|guknh G`mhksa

gafs( hf`m egdfug uwme{ }ns n||uf|ukngc e{ Ndukin`gu `nkf`nhkss

K ks }fua `fk`m an tfkogs oukkonh fd ag nhhknòg eg}gg` s|fu n`c

gj|kug*ewkhck`m anc nhugnc{ gjgumgc e{ ag g`c fd ag `k`gggà

og`wu{ K nj mungdwh f \nukoi Onku`s( f`g fd ag ofùkewfus f aks

effi n`c n jn` fd w`wswnh ugnck`m aneks( }af onjg noufss ag

dfhhf}k`m ofj|hnk` k` ag ofuugs|f`cgòg !gckgc e{ \a{hhks Hg}sg`+

fd ofhf`knh*gun On|g |fhkkokn` Bfa` Q Jguukjn`2

K jn{ eg ~wgskf`gc }agagu aks g`fujfws k`gugs k` hffik`m n na*

hgko |gudfujnògs }akoa sggjs f gqks aufwmafw ag Eukksa }fuhc

ks ugnhh{ sf agnha{ n skm` ns k ks sfjgkjgs sw||fsgc f eg Sag Muggis

k` agku cgohk`g onuukgc agku hftg fd m{j`nskos f n` gqogss n`c k of*

gqksgc }ka n` wgu hnoi fd jn`h{ ufews`gss fd oanunogu n`c fd |wehko

s|kuk( ew k ks n muf}k`m dnsakf` fd ag cn{ f of`munwhng fwusghtgs

k` ag |ugss an k ks n `fehg n`c sntk`m tkuwg( eghf`mk`m gqohwsktgh{

f ag dk`g Eukksa oanunogu n n kjg }ag` n mffc jn`{ fagu ak`ms

>=\ffu Ughnkf`s6


29/65

nug shk||k`m n}n{ dufj ws Njkc sfjg mffc agug ks n mugn cgnh fd

jfs w`jkkmngc awjewm nefw k

Sag aksfukn`s N`cug Fcg`cnnh n`c Euwog Jwuun{ antg }ukg` gqg`*

sktgh{ nefw ag unoknhksnkf` fd s|fu k` _fwa Ndukon !ns antg }f fd

ag ofùkewfus f aks effi( Oauksf|agu Jguug n`c Nsa}k` Cgsnk+

n`c antg unogc ag ofj|hgq gddgos fd ag `f`*unoknh s|fuk`m jftg*jg` }kak` ag ofwù{( ns }ghh ns ag k`gu`nkf`nh s|fus ef{of

nmnk`s k Sagku noofw`s nhsf cgjf`sung an jn`{ ofjjf`

nsswj|kf`s nefw of``gokf`s eg}gg` s|fu n`c unog |fhkkos k` aks

ofwù{ ftgu ag hns }f og`wukgs nug dnhhnokfws an( dfu gqnj|hg(

oukoig n`c uwme{ }gug `f k` dno swoogssdwhh{ |ugsgutgc ns }akg

s|fus !M}g` N`sghhs |kgog k` ag |ugsg` tfhwjg |uftkcgs dwuagu

gtkcgòg fd ag akccg` aksfu{ fd ehnoi uwme{( hkìk`m aks f sfjg

fd ag kof`s fd _fwa Ndukons bnrr hgmno{+

_kjkhnu |ngu`s jn{ eg kcg`kdkgc k` ag aksfu{ fd ag |gudfujk`m

n`c tkswnh nus k` _fwa Ndukon2 f` ag f`g an`c( ag |ufjfkf` n`c

|ufgokf` fd Gwufogùko nu dfujs nhf`mskcg ag gsnehksajg` fd _fwa

Ndukon ns ofhf`{( w`kf` n`c ug|wehko9 f` ag fagu( ag dgukhg k`gunokf`

eg}gg` agsg kj|fugc dfujs n`c k`ckmg`fws nuksko unckkf`s Sag

sgof`c anhd fd ag }g`kga og`wu{ sn} efa mftgu`jg` s|f`sfusak|

fd }fuis fd nu an }gug `f cggjgc n augn f @nkf`nhks |fhkokgs(

fu an k`cggc oghgeungc agj( n`c euntg ugsksnòg dufj nukss fd nhh

enoimufw`cs f ag agmgjf`ko gckdkog fd n|nuagkc Ew _fwa Ndukons

nus ofjjw`k{ ans nhsf egg` uktg` e{ ag ~wgskf` fd un`sdfujnkf`

skòg >;;3 ns cgjf`sungc( dfu gqnj|hg( k` ag ofùftgus{ skuugc

e{ Hkf` Ik`mof*|ufcwogu Hgef J k` 5


30/65

}kafw antk`m f }fuu{ nefw fdd*dkghc gtg`s( ew bws ns _fwa Ndukon`

nahggs nug nhh ff n}nug fd agku ufhg k` unoknh un`sdfujnkf`( sf ugog`

guufuks nnois f` ag Sfmf dffenhh gnj !k` N`mfhn+ n`c ag _uk Hnìn`

oukoig gnj !k` \niksn`+ antg |nk`dwhh{ ugk`dfuogc }an |ugtkfwsh{

gjgumgc n tnukfws Fh{j|ko Mnjgs akì( dfu gqnj|hg( fd Eguhk` >;?4(

Jw`koa >;=5( Jfsof} >;1< n`c Hfs N`mghgs >;13 an s|fu ks fdg`

n ag jguo{ fd mgf|fhkkonh cgtghf|jg`sE{ ofùns( Jkig tn` Munn` numwgs k` aks gssn{ an nu jwseg

k`dfujgc e{ ag |fhkkonh of`gq fd ag nuks Jfugftgu( ns Mntk`

_fwumg` n`c _wnu Sagfenhc sg|nungh{ `fg( nukdkoknh ckskòkf`s

eg}gg` }an of`skwgs akma nu n`c }an ks jgug |f|whnu g`gu*

nk`jg` nug |fhkkonhh{ k`dhgogc Nsa}k` Cgsnks cgsouk|kf` fd owuug`

of`dhkos k` I}nRwhw*@nnh eg}gg` ag ghkks n`c ag |f|whnu( fu ag

|uktnksgc n`c ag |wehko( dwuagu ofj|hkongs fwu cgdk`kkf` fd nu N

Cwuen` egnoaduf` ukoisan} cuktgu ks efa |gudfujk`m nuks n`c nahgg

Sag Wjmg`k Ufnc Sgj|hg( skwngc }kak` gnusaf fd ag `g} Jfsgs

Jneakcn snckwj !ksghd n sauk`g fu skg fd |khmukjnmg( nhegk fd n

ckddgug` sfu+( ks ncfu`gc }ka nu}fui an cunjnksgs ag |nàgf`

n`c |uf|agokgs fd Ak`cwksj Dkug*s|k``gus n`c cnògus jggk`m f` ag

duk`mgs fd ag ok{ g`no n ofjjw`nh nuksko ukwnh Gtg` ug*g`nojg`s

fd ag Enhg fd Ksn`ch}n`n jws eg w`cgusffc ns n dfuj fd agnug

onwsk`m Cgsnk f ~wgskf` ag `gmnktg k`dhwgòg swoa |fuun{nhs on`

antg f` ag }n{ an aksfukonh gtg`s nug k`gu|uggc

"

N ag uksi fd sggjk`m hkig n Ofgrgg nofh{g( K }ksa f ugdgu f n`fagu fdaks gssn{s( Dfwu @fgs f` Uwme{ !>;=1+( k` }akoa ag jnigs wjgufws

ofjjg`s nefw uwme{ an jkma eg gqun|fhngc k`f mg`gunhksnkf`s

nefw nhh s|fus kùfcwok`m n dg} |fk`s nccugssgc e{ sfjg fd ag

ofùkewfus f aks effi !j{ anìs f Ofgrgg soafhnu Cf`nhc \f}gus

>;\ffu Ughnkf`s6


31/65

dfu |fk`k`m jg k` ag ckugokf` fd aks hkhg*i`f}` |kgog+ Safsg }af

antg ngj|gc f dfhhf} ag tnukfws jnbfu n`c jk`fu oan`mgs k` ag

uwhgs fd ag mnjg fd uwme{ k` ugog` {gnus jn{ hnwma f dk`c agjsghtgs

nmuggk`m( augg cgoncgs hngu( }ka Ofgrggs ofj|hnk` an ag

hne{ukàk`g sg fd hn}s ks w`snksdnofu{ egonwsg2

>+ Sag{ nug k`gqno Yn`cZ nhhf} n tnukg{ fd k`gu|ugnkf`s5+ Sag{ {kghc n |ansg fd |hn{ }kafw ngsagko k`gugs

?+ Sag{ dnkh f |ugtg` k`bwukgs n`c nhhf} sfjg oftgu tkfhgòg

3+ E{ n`c hnumg ag{ dnkh f igg| ag enhh hktg ns ag{ nug k`g`cgc

f cf

7+ Sag{ ofùkewg agntkh{ f jnik`m uwme{ n mnjg }afsg

fwofjg ks cgokcgc e{ |uf}gss n mfnh*ikoik`m

]angtgu agku hkjknkf`s jkma eg( uwhgs nug `gogssnu{ k` nhh s|fus

Ofgrgg fesgutgs an ag mg`gunh nmuggjg` f |hn{ e{ ag uwhgs !n`c(

kd `f( f eg |g`nhksgc+ ks dw`cnjg`nh f awjn` sfoknh ughnkf`s n`c

on` eg fesgutgc k` ag mnjgs an oakhcug` |hn{ Ew( }agugns oakhcug`

dug~wg`h{ oanhhg`mg n`c oan`mg ag uwhgs e{ }akoa ag{ |hn{( aks ks

`f fhgungc f` ag s|fus dkghc2

K` soaffhs( n`c |nukowhnuh{ k` ef{s soaffhs( ag hk`g eg}gg` dugg

|hn{ n`c s|fu ks ohgnuh{ cun}`( n`c nh}n{s f ag cksnctn`nmg fd

|hn{ _|fu ks mktg` n` kcgfhfmkonh dwòkf` !oanunogu*ewkhck`m+ }akhg

|hn{ ugjnk`s sws|go( duktfhfws Dufj hf`m egdfug ncfhgsogòg ag oakhc

ks |w w`cgu |ugsswug f hgntg ag f|g` nku fd mnjgs n`c hktg w`cgu ag

wjeughhn fd ag ofcgs Sag oakhc }af swejks f ag ofcg n`c |hn{s

ag mnjg ks agugdfug ug*g`nok`m n |ufdfw`ch{ kj|fun` jfjg` fd

owhwug2 ag jfjg` n }akoa ag i`gg ks eg` f mftgu`jg` Saks ks

ag jfjg` n }akoa s|fu n`c ag nus( ag }f jfs ofj|hgq dfujs

fd |hn{( |nu }n{s. K` ag ougnktg nus( ag nuks efa ofj|fsgs aks

mnjg n`c |hn{s k. Ag aws nssgus n` fj`k|fgòg an ag |hn{gu fd

_\FUS tgusws NUS IKOIK@M FDD5


32/65

s|fus {kghcs w|. Saks agh|s f gq|hnk` }a{ s|fus nug sf gnskh{ on|wugc

n`c wsgc e{ |fhkkonh nwafuk{( }akhg ag nus ugjnk` shk||gu{( ugsksn`(

w`cg|g`cnehg ns jfunh unk`k`m mufw`cs dfu ag {fw`m.

Agug( Ofgrgg goafgs n sg`kjg` gq|ugssgc k` ag Cwoa aksfukn`

Bfan` Awkrk`mns kj|fun` >;?1 swc{( Afjf Hwcg`s !Jn` ag

\hn{gu+( k` }akoa ag agfuksgs an |hn{ ks n tknh ns|go fd ag dfujn*kf` fd owhwug Noofuck`m f Awkrk`mn( ag s{sgjksnkf` n`c ugmk*

jg`nkf` fd jfcgu` ofj|gkktg s|fu |ufdgsskf`nh s|fu k`

|nukowhnu ans dfuogc fw ag |hn{*ghgjg`( ag ghgjg` fd s|f`n`gk{

n`c onughgss`gss _|fu aws foow|kgs n |hnog nhf`mskcg n`c n|nu

dufj ag owhwunh |ufogss @f jngu af} |f|whnu fu s|gonowhnu n

s|fuk`m gtg` jn{ eg( sn{s Awkrk`mn( k on``f eg unksgc f ag hgtgh

fd n owhwug*ougnk`m noktk{ n`c ugjnk`s sgukhg

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gq|hfugc( ckugoh{ n`c k`ckugoh{( e{ ofùkewfus f _|fu tgusws Nu

Dkush{( nug` agug }n{s f ugmnk` ag |hn{*ghgjg` k` s|fu aufwma n

cksuw|k`m k`dwskf` fd ag |hn{ fd nu6 K` agu gssn{ f` ag |hn{dwh |gu*

dfujnòg nu k`gutg`kf`s fd Nàgn Jf{s( Nàgn Ew{s swmmgss an

agug nug n`c {g sag nhsf cgsoukegs Jf{s }fui( ~wfk`m ag nuks

agusghd( k` gujs an nug suf`mh{ ugsf`n` }ka n jfug ugog` Ofgrgg*

ksj !anìs f Ofuk`n tn` cgu _|fgh dfu euk`mk`m f j{ ng`kf` aks

gquno dufj Cknu{ fd n Enc [gnu+2

K` dntfwu fd ag nus k on` n hgns eg snkc an( }akhg gtgu{ nuks suktgs

dfu ag egs( ngj|s f ons ag s|agug fd ag nus ns n ofj|gkktg

bw`mhg antg anc hkhg swoogss Ewsk`gss hkigs f dk`nòg ofj|gkkf`s k`

ag nus( ns k ks gtg` ugnckgu f |fwu jf`g{ k`f ofj|gkktg s|fu

Ew( w`hkig s|fus|gf|hg( nukss i`f} an ag ofj|gkkf` ks `f ag

ugnh ak`m( ks f`h{ n |wehkok{ skcgsaf} Sag g{gs fd ag nuks nug( dk`nhh{(

`f f` ag ofj|gkkf` ew f` ag uwg( ag mffc( n`c ag egnwkdwh

5>\ffu Ughnkf`s6


33/65

Sagug ks( fd ofwusg( n` numwjg` f eg jncg dfu ag sfoknh tnhwg fd

s|fus ofj|gkktg gcmg9 k oan``ghs k`gtknehg awjn` n`nmf`ksj k`f

n sndg( uwhg*efw`c s|agug Ns |fg Oauksf|agu Rkawhghg Jn`` ans

}ukg`( s|fuk`m ukgs antg ag |f}gu f un`sjwg&ag awmmksa

uktnhu{ fd awjn` mg`gs!sghd*|ugsgutk`m swutktnhks mg`gs an( kd

a}nugc( on` gkagu sweh{ sand n dukg`c&fu efje }afhg okkgs k`f

sjfik`m uwk`s+ k`f n jfug `fehg of`gs_gof`ch{( nhafwma ag nus ugjnk` shk||gu{( agug ks `f cfwe

ns K antg nhugnc{ swmmgsgc an nu( hkig s|fu( ans egg` wsgc tgu{

gddgoktgh{ e{ |fhkkonh nwafukkgs9 k` _fwa Ndukon( Oauksf|agu Jguug

numwgs( aks ks ns uwg fd |fs*n|nuagkc kcgfhfmwgs ns k }ns fd ag

@nkf`nhks mftgu`jg`

Sakuch{( ns Aghg` Jfddg ncjks( ag gogssnukh{ uwhg*efw`c nwug

fd s|fu on` eg ugnsswuk`m2 }ag` f`g hktgs k` n hn}hgss n`c ugoihgss

sfokg{( ag f`*dkghc nmuggjg` fd |hn{gus dufj f||fsk`m skcgs f nekcg

e{ ag hn}s fd ag mnjg !jfs fd ag kjg+ n`c ag gtg` n||hkonkf` fd

afsg hn}s e{ wj|kugs n`c ugdguggs !jfs fd ag kjg+ |uftkcgs n

jfckowj fd fucgu9 ag ofsjfs jn{ eg oanfko( ew s|fu fddgus ofj*

dfu( suwowug n`c ugs|kg

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k`f |hn{gus n`c fddkoknhs ugs|goktgh{( }ka ag ugswh an }an an||g`s

f` ag dkghc ks `fnh}n{s dnku aks ks( k` dno( fdg` }an |uftkcgs ag

mugngs cunjn n`c gtfigs ag jfs nowg sg`sg fd |nafs k` jgjfunehg

dkqwugs }g ohk`m f ag kcgn an s|fuk`m g`cgntfwu ks g~wngc }ka

af`gs{ F`g ggc f`h{ hffi n ag |wehko fwou{ ftgu ugog` k`snògs

fd oagnk`m( dufj cf|k`m nahggs f ag w`dfuw`ng an`c fd Sakguu{

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@f}kasn`ck`m ag oukk~wgs Ofgrgg fddgus k` ag gssn{s dufj

}akoa K antg ~wfgc( ag cfgs `f nownhh{ ohnkj f ckshkig ag mnjg fd

uwme{ k` |nukowhnu( fu s|fu k` mg`gunh F` ag ofùnu{( k` k`gutkg}s



34/65

!}ka Cntkc N}ghh+ n`c ghsg}agug k` aks }fui !`fneh{ Ef{affcn`c

[fwa+ ag ans jncg `wjgufws ugdgugògs f ag dno an }ag` ag }ns

n gg`nmgu hkdg fwskcg ag ohnssuffj }ns cfjk`ngc e{ s|fu( |nuko*

whnuh{ oukoig Ns n` ns|kun` }g`{*sfjgak`m }ukgu( ag owhktngc

ag kcgn an gnj s|fus }gug kòfj|nkehg }ka ag hkdg fd n |fg n`c

n` k`ghhgownh ag ik`c fd of`gj| dfu s|fu an k ks cg ukmwgwu

njf`ms ag k`ghhkmg`skn ew ag }fwhc sff` cksoftgu an aks g`bf{*jg` fd n mnjg hkig oukoig ofwhc ofj|hgjg` aks hkgunu{ njekkf`s2

Ks k uwg an nu ofjgs f`h{ fw fd jksgu{6 Jws Yf`gZ egofjg

jksgunehg nmnk` k` fucgu f }ukg6 Cfgs agug `f nhsf gqks n |fgu{ fd

gosns{( gtg` n |fgu{ fd hwòakjg oukoig ns n dfuj fd gosns{6

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s|fu( fu n hgns }an ag s|gonohg fd s|fu |ufjksgs n`c `f} n`c

nmnk` {kghcs2 k`sn`s fd sug`ma n`c s|ggc n`c munog n`c sikhh ofjk`m

fmgagu }kafw afwma Saks ks n cgsouk|kf` fd ag k`tkmfunk`m

ngsagko gq|gukgòg fd s|fu }an jnigs ofjjg`nfus cgsoukeg n`

nahggs jwsowhnu nmkhk{ ns |fgko Sag aukhh an f`g on` gq|gukgòg

}noak`m s|fusjg` n`c s|fus}fjg` ks g~wktnhg` f ag s|k`g*k`mhg

gtfigc e{ n cnuk`m cnòg ufwk`g( n jwskonh ohkjnq fu n uktgk`m |kgog

fd nok`m9 N`mws \f}gus gq|hfugs ag c{`njkos fd ag nu fd s|fu k`

aks gssn{ !K safwhc eg nccgc an ag }fuc nu ugjnk`s f|g` f jkswsg

k` s|fuk`m cksofwusg of`skcgu dfujgu _|uk`mefi hfoi n`c |nu*kjg

_|fus Khhwsungcofhwj`ks Jnui N`cug}s sk`mk`m ag |unksgs fd ag

nu fd k`kjkcnkf` f` ag uwme{ dkghc On` saggu eghhkmgugòg n`c sjkh*

k`m*dnogc awmmgu{ gtgu ugnhh{ eg cggjgc n` nu dfuj6+

Safsg }f }fucs }ka }akoa Ofgrgg g`cs( }kafw afwma(

}fwhc sggj f |ugohwcg n`{ swesn`knh g~wnkf` fd s|fu }ka nuNdgu nhh( ag nsswj|kf` an nuksko g`cgntfwus cg|g`c f` nesuno

ofm`kkf`( }agugns |hn{k`m s|fu ks n` wàkìk`m gqguoksg( ks ag |ugjksg

dufj }akoa muf}s ag mg`gunh ckscnk` dfu s|fu gq|ugssgc e{ jn`{

}af }fwhc cgsoukeg agjsghtgs ns egk`m fd n` k`ghhgownh kòhk`nkf`

5?\ffu Ughnkf`s6


35/65

@f`gaghgss( k ks nig` dfu mun`gc an f`g fd ag nsis fd fwu }ukgus

n`c nukss ks f ofjjg` k`skmadwhh{ f` _fwa Ndukon` sfokg{ n`c

sfoknh |ag`fjg`n n`c ks` ag ftguukck`m |f|whnuk{ fd fwu jnbfu

s|fus f`g swoa |ag`fjg`f`6

K` aks Dfwu @fgs f` Uwme{( Ofgrgg gq|ugssgs cksn||fk`jg` k`

_fwa Ndukon` s|fus bfwu`nhksj fd ag >;=


36/65

Jn``s |fgu{ dfumgs k`gugsk`m of``gokf`s eg}gg` s|fu n`c hkgunwug

ag }ukgs ghsg}agug nefw ag s|fu fd n |fgj K` ag |ugsg` tfhwjg(

Sfns Ofgrgu( Tkofu Chnjk`k n`c N`mws \f}gus gnoa |ufeg agsg nssf*

oknkf`s( }akhg \nukoi Onku`s of`g`cs an s|fu cfgs `f n`c on``f

antg ag |gujn`g` gddgo noakgtgc e{ mugn }fuis fd hkgunwug Cn`

@koafhh( f` ag fagu an`c( ohnkjs an agug ks sfjgak`m dw`cnjg`nh

nefw ag gàunhhk`m jnmko fd s|fu2 sf jwoa fd }an }g hftg n`coghgeung on` eg onhkeungc k` uw`s n`c mfnhs n`c ukgs K` skjkhnu tgk`(

ag gskjf`kgs fd ntkc sfoogu dn`s ofhhgogc e{ J`k`n}n @hfif of`dkuj

an( dfu jn`{ |gf|hg( s|fu dkhhs n ik`c fd gqksg`knh tfkc( |uftkck`m n

sg`sg fd ckugokf` n`c of`tkokf` f afsg }afsg hktgs jkma eg hnoik`m

swoa nsswunògs9 {g }ag` dn`nkoksj egofjgs fesgsskf`( k on` onwsg

sgukfws cnjnmg f n` nhugnc{*dun{gc sfoknh dneuko

_|fus jnoags( Ofgrgg fesgutgs( nug nhsf n`nhfmfws f ughkmkfws

s|gonohgs k`sfdnu ns gtgu{f`g k` ag ouf}c ks g`mnmgc k` ougnk`m n`c

of`dkujk`m tnhwg dfu gtgu{f`g ghsg Nmnk`( agug nug ugsf`nògs }ka

ag |gudfujk`m nus Mw{ Ewhgu }ufg k` n` gssn{ f` \fgu{( Cunjn

n`c \wehko Snsg an agnug nwckgògs jws eg n hgns |nuknhh{ swe*

jgumgc k` n sg`sg fd ofjjw`k{ k` fucgu dfu n |s{oafhfmkonh ouf}c

f eg dfujgc( n ouf}c }afsg jgjegus hffi k`f n cfwedwh dwwug(

ew agku ofjjf` |ns( agku sg`sg fd sanuk`m n ofjjf` hkdg( |ugsgutgs

agku w`k{

K` aks effi( agug ks n` w`gq|gogc tnuknkf` f` ag agjg fd agnug(

s|fu n`c w`kdkonkf` }ag` |hn{}ukma Jkig tn` Munn` ugonhhs an

}noak`m s|fu f` ST }ka aks dnagu }ns ag f`h{ eukcmg eg}gg`

ag |nunhhgh }fuhcs fd dnagu n`c sf` }fuhcs }akoa }fwhc fagu*

}ksg `gtgu k`gusgo Agug k ks }fua jg`kf`k`m an( cgs|kg aksk`ghhgownh ugsgutnkf`s nefw uwme{( BJ Ofgrgg fu( n hgns( ag

oanunogu fd Bfa` Ofgrgg k` ag akuc k`snhjg` fd aks dkokf`nhksgc

jgjfkus( _wjjgukjg !5


37/65

ag jkc*>;=;14+ of`dkcg h{ nddkujs an _|fus ks n dkus*ung sndg{

tnhtg }ag` {fw n`c {fwu }afhg tnhwg s{sgj nug eufwma w`cgu dukg`ch{ew w`gq|gogc souwk`{ !}ag` jggk`m aks mkuhdukg`cs dnjkh{ |uftgs

n}i}nuc( ag ans ugofwusg f s|fu ns n `gwunh of`tgusnkf` f|ko+( ag

oanfko wùntghhk`m fd aks ughnkf`sak| an dfhhf}s mktgs ag hkg f aks

ohnkj _|fu on``f nh}n{s of`sfhg( `fu on` k nh}n{s fddgu n` gson|g

"

Sagsg of`skcgunkf`s nskcg( ag ~wgskf` ugjnk`s2 antg fwu s|fus}uk*

gus nctnògc dufj |ufcwok`m sf`gs f eugnc ftgu ag hns aku{ {gnus6

Cnuugh Euksf}*Eftg{( fddguk`m n sukcg` ew {|konhh{ g`gunk`k`m

cgdgòg fd \ggu cg Tkhhkgus k` n _|fus Khhwsungcofhwj`( swmmgss `f

Euksf}*Eftg{ ofj|nugs ag ofnoas oukkos f afsg anhd*ofjkonh(

anhd*|nagko tkhhnk`s k` fhc onuff`s( soagjk`m k` agku k`{( w`cgu*

sfoigc hnefunfukgs f nig ugtg`mg f` n }fuhc an cfgs` |n{ agj

g`fwma ugs|go2

Gqog| hfonh s|fus ug|fugus on` nownhh{ |hw`mg ag }fuhc k`f

oanfs ag{c antg f hgnu` f |wòwng dkus sf sfjg fd agj(

ag }fus ik`c( ag ekgu( duwsungc( bf{hgss ik`c( u{ f cf ag f`h{

ak`m ag{ on` K jn{ eg muf}k`m fhc k` n bfe an cfgs` |n{( ag{

jwsg( }ukk`m dfu |gf|hg }af cf` ugofm`ksg j{ njg nefw |gf|hg

}af cf` ugofm`ksg j{ f|k`kf`( n`c j{ }kdg cfgs` mf cf}` f`

jg n`{ jfug( ew e{ Mfc K antg sfjg |f}gu Jnui j{ }fucs( Khh

mg aks _|uk`mefi ofnoa dkugc egdfug aks ofùno gq|kugs. Sag` ag

mkuhs }khh hkig jg nmnk`.



38/65

_woa k`dn`khksj( Euksf}*Eftg{ swmmgss( jnigs sfjg fd fwu s|fus

bfwu`fs no hkig |hn{mufw`c ewhhkgs( hkig tg`mgdwh( sjnhh*jk`cgc dhk|*

dhf||gus }ka n |gusf`nh nqg f muk`c

Saks ks `f n` n`qkg{ s|gokdko f _fwa Ndukon( ns n`{f`g }af ans

ugnc Dfucs `ftgh ofwhc of`dkuj Sag |ufnmf`ks fdSag _|fus}ukgu

ks n jn` }af ans sghgc dfu ag sw|gudkoknh ugnhkkgs fd jkcchg*ohnss

Njgukon sf an ag on` ntfkc ag unmko uwas nefw aks hkdg( nefw nhhhktgs( an |ng`h{ hwui eghf} ag swudnog n`c aks ks goafgc k` aks

cgokskf` f mktg w| n |ufjksk`m hkgunu{ onuggu dfu ag hgss nqk`m bfe

fd s|fus bfwu`nhksj _|fus nug nh}n{s n mffc cksunokf` dufj hkdg

n ks cugnukgs( `fgs Dfucs `nuunfu( n`c s|fus}ukgus antg ag

|uktkhgmg fd gj|ansksk`m aks cksunokf`9 ag{ antg n ohgn` shng

nhjfs gtgu{ cn{ n oanòg `f f eg `gmnktg( f mktg sfjgf`g

wì`f}` n |n f` ag enoi( f ugofm`ksg ofwunmg n`c kj|uftgjg`(

f nig ag enhg }ka o{`koksj agnc*f` n`c }k` Ew aks fehg onhhk`m

ks f nh}n{s dwhdkhhgc Sag }fus s|fus}ukgus g`c f eg o{`kos hffik`m

f`h{ dfu dnhsg cunjn k` ag mgujs fd awjn` cgdgn n`c( ns n ugswh(

n mufw| fd s|fus}ukgus fmgagu on` `nuuf} {fwu tkg} dnu eg{f`c

|gsskjksj Sag oagn|*cunjn nukss fd j{ |ufdgsskf`( ncjks ag

s|fus}ukgu( nug s|goknhkss n `fsk`m fw dnkhwug Sag{ sgg f`h{ ag

mgujs fd cgdgn k` tkofu{( tg`nhk{ k` nhh awjn` g`cgntfu

]an Ofgrgg( Euksf}*Eftg{ n`c Dfuc ofhhgoktgh{ cg|ko ks( fd

ofwusg( n jksug|ugsg`nkf`( dfu fwu egs s|fus}ukgus jn`nmg f

ntfkc ag }k` un|s fd |ufcwok`m skj|hksko( w|hkdk`m sfukgs f` ag

f`g an`c n`c jn`wdnowuk`m |nafs f` ag fagu N mhnòg n Hwig

Nhdugc n`c Sfj Gnf`s ofj|g`ckwj fd _fwa Ndukon` s|fus }ukk`m(

Sfwoahk`gs n`c Cgnchk`gs( ugk`dfuogs aks |fk` N`c( }ag` hfonh s|fusbfwu`nhksj owuug`h{ un`mgs dufj ag }koigc awjfwu fd oukoig }ukgu

n`c jffuk`m dw`ck Nhgq \nuigu f ag |uftfonktg jwsk`ms fd dffenhh

soukeg n`c onuff`ks Onuhfs Njnf( }g on` nddkuj an agug ks sfjg

eugnc f eg dfw`c njf`ms ag sf`gs K` ag |ugsg tfhwjg( J`k`n}n

5=\ffu Ughnkf`s6


39/65

@hfif( Cn` @koafhh( Dkucfsg Jff`cn n`c Hwoi{ _k`cn`g nug nhh bfwu*

`nhkss !nhf`m }ka Gc}nuc Mukddkas( }ag` ags }gnuk`m aks bfwu`nhkss

an+ }af }ukg nefw s|fu ew nhsf }ukg nefw n hf jfug an` s|fu9

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gtg`s( ag{ jn`nmg f g`gunk` ag ugncgu n`c skjwhn`gfwsh{ f fddgu

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bws hfonhh{ antg agku f}` |ufehgjs @g}s|n|gus n`c jnmnrk`gs

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nsigc ag ofùkewfus f aks effi f of`skcgu }a{ k ks an s|fu

ugogktgs sf jwoa jfug s|f`sfusak| an` ag nus( _wnu Sagfenhc mntg

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an` jfs nu dfujs( }akoa ks ag ugnh ugnsf` k mgs jfug oftgunmg(

ans hnumgu nwckgògs n`c ks aws jfug cgskunehg f |fg`knh s|f`sfus

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aks f`g Tkofu Chnjk`k egjfn`s ag dno an dffenhhs swknekhk{ f

ST eufnconss ans nhkg`ngc n mg`gunkf` fd dn`s dufj ag nuksu{ fd

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|hn{( fu eg}gg` hksg`k`m f n OC n`c ng`ck`m n jwsko ofògu+ _kjf`

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ew skj|h{ nesfuegc e{ ekm ewsk`gss n`c n `nkf`nhks nmg`cn9 k` aks



40/65

hkma( ag nus nug eggu fdd egonwsg( |ffu afwma ag{ jn{ eg( ag{

dnog dg}gu fd ag ugsukokf`s an noofj|n`{ ofu|fung fu sng enoik`m

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tnkf` an( }ag` _fwa Ndukon` nukss cf ugogktg hnumg njfw`s fd sng

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mftgu`nòg Ogunk`h{( aks }ns ag onsg k` >;;4 }ag` ag Cg|nujg`

fd Agnha !ag` bws egmk``k`m n cgoncg n`c jfug fd kòfj|ggòg n`c

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_nundk`n KKns n` AKT&Nkcs gcwonkf`nh gquntnmn`rn( n sg~wgh an ckc`

ofjg ohfsg f jnoak`m ag agnukonh n`c jwskonh |f}gu fd_nundk`n(

n`c k`cggc w`cgujk`gc e{ nssfoknkf` ag noktksj fd ag fukmk`nh |uf*

cwokf` Fagu `ffukfws }akg ghg|an` agnug |ufbgos f` }akoa ag

sng ans }nsgc jf`g{ kòhwcg N ug Nmg`m Jrn`rk !Hgs Ewkhc _fwa

Ndukon+( n |kgog fd sghd*|ufjfkf` f` }akoa ag Cg|nujg` fd Awjn`

_ghgjg`s s|g` U55 jkhhkf` egdfug k }ns onòghhgc k` 5


41/65

]ag` k ofjgs f ag sokg`kdko n`nh{sks fd s|fu( _fwa Ndukon ks n

}fuhc hgncgu anìs hnumgh{ f Skj @fnigs n`c fagus n ag _N

_|fus _okgòg K`skwg K` dno( }g antg n suf`m unckkf` fd sokg`kss

}af antg n||hkgc agku jk`cs f ag jnutgh fd awjn` jftgjg`

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af} Jn`( ag Sfguk`m Ek|gc cgtghf|gc ag |a{skonh nekhkkgs annhhf} awjn`s f |wuswg efa nudwh n`c s|fuk`m g`cgntfwus k` }n{s

an cksk`mwksa ws dufj fwu |ffu ughnkf`s !agugs an |aunsg

nmnk`.+ k` ag |ukjng dnjkh{ Agug k ks }fua fk`m an Sfekns jnigs

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n`c nmkhk{ ug~wkugc }ag` |hn{k`m s|fus n`c ag snjg on|nokkgs ns

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k` Ncukg``g _koaghs |kgog k` aks effi( k` }akoa sag ~wfgs ag cnòg

|gusf`n Ghw cgsoukek`m aks Iw`m Dw* n`c ikoiefqk`m*k`dwsgc oafugf*

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nus ns s|fus dwuagu w`cgujk`gs n`{ `fkf` an s|fu n`c ag nus

nug cknjgukonhh{ f||fsgc Sagug nug tnukfws Fh{j|ko s|fuk`m ofcgs

an gtkòg n skjkhnu oufssftgu f`g akìs( dfu k`snòg( fd kog*sink`m(

m{j`nskos n`c ag jwoa*cgukcgc s{òauf`ksgc s}kjjk`m gtg`s+

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fd s|fu k` aks ofwù{ ans hf`m egg` k` gtkcgòg( ns n mhnòg n n`{

ekehkfmun|a{ fd effis f` s|fu k` _fwa Ndukon }khh ugtgnh kd f`g

hffis eg{f`c ag ekfmun|akgs n`c nwfekfmun|akgs fd s|fus snus(}akoa nug ugmwhnuh{ njf`m fwu akmags*sghhk`m khgs Ew n`nh{sks fd

ag s|fu`gss fd s|fu( }an f`g jkma onhh |ag`fjg`fhfmkonh n`nh{sks(

ugjnk`s hnoik`m ]g antg {g f |ufcwog n OHU Bnjgs( }af sgnj*

hgssh{ dwsgc oukoig }ka nu n`c hkgunwug k` }ukk`m nefw ]gs K`ckn`

_\FUS tgusws NUS IKOIK@M FDD?


42/65

n`c |fs*ofhf`knh kcg`k{ Fu n @gtkhhg Onucws( }af }ns ns }ghh

i`f}` dfu aks }ukk`m f` oukoig ns dfu aks }ukk`m f` ohnsskonh jwsko

!f` aks `fg( ns M}g` N`sghhs gssn{ k`ckongs( ag ughnkf`sak|

eg}gg` s|fu n`c jwsko k` _fwa Ndukon ans nh}n{s egg` dnu agnhakgu

an` an eg}gg` s|fu n`c fagu nu dfujs+ Fu n Ufhn`c Enuags(

}af wu`gc aks nowgh{ agfugkonh g{gs f ag Sfwu cg Dunòg( f jffu

unok`m( f ewhhdkmak`m n`c f }ugshk`m Fu( dfu an jngu( n AnuwikJwuninjk( ag jnunaf`*uw``k`m nwafu }af ans dwsgc aks }k`

|nsskf`s k` ]an K Snhi Nefw ]ag` K Snhi Nefw Uw``k`m

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bfwu`nhks( `ftghks( ofhwj`ks n`c snkuks K ckskòh{ ugjgjegu ag

dkus kjg K onjg noufss aks fhc \koa n`c Jwgu ofhwj` k` ag Jnkh

$ Mwnuckn` K }ns hktk`m k` Bn|n` n ag kjg( n`c j{ }kdg eufwma

n of|{ fd ag |n|gu enoi }ka agu ndgu n tksk afjg Sag febgo fd aks

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`njg` k`dghkokfwsh{ sanuk`m ks `njg }ka ag jf`kigu wsgc f

ongmfuksg Ugjeun`c( Tgujggu n`c agku dghhf} |nk`gus k` sgtg`*

ggà og`wu{ Afhhn`c Sag neswuc ofjek`nkf` ks n cghkmadwh f`g(

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fd Jf`{ \{af` gq|hfkgc f skjkhnuh{ awjfufws gddgo k` n `wjegu

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Anuc{ ofj|fsk`m n ftgh k` duf` fd n |noigc ouf}c n Hfucs oukoigmufw`c9 Ekhh{ Eugj`gu !on|nk` fd Hggcs W`kgc dffenhh gnj k` ag

>;4


43/65

?5 _\FUS tgusws NUS IKOIK@M FDD

\guan|s( ag`( aks effi on` nddfuc f nig ksghd ff sgukfwsh{

@gtguaghgss( k ug|ugsg`s n` gnu`gs ngj| f gq|hfug !n`c gtg`(

kcgnhkskonhh{( f kj|uftg+ }an ugjnk`s n` fdg` dunwma ughnkf`sak|

n ag agnu fd _fwa Ndukons |wehko hkdg Nug agug }n{s k` }akoa s|fu

n`c ag nus on` eg sgg` f kànek ag snjg w`ktgusg6 Agug }g antg n

ofhhgokf` fd gssn{s( ofjjg`nukgs( |gusf`nh ugdhgokf`s( jgjfkus(

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f ag swebgo jngu sfjgkjgs hkma*agnugc( sfjgkjgs oukkonh( ew

nh}n{s k`skmadwh

Sag gssn{s antg egg` mufw|gc w`cgu eufnc agjnko agnck`ms K`

ag ugs fd aks sgokf`( Ikoik`m Fdd( K sg n` njkoneh{ ofjenktg f`g

e{ |nkuk`m }f gssn{s an |uftkcg ckddgug` n`s}gus f ag ~wgskf`2

]akoa jngus jfug nu fu s|fu6 Sagsg nug dfhhf}gc e{ n |kgog an

fddgus n ontgn nefw }an on` an||g` }ag` s|fu jngus ff jwoa

Sag `gq sgokf` ks agncgc Jgckn( Jf`g{ n`c \fhkkos n`c cgnhs

}ka tnukfws jn`kdgsnkf`s fd aks uknc2 ag ofùnsk`m ug|ugsg`n*

kf`s fd s|fu n`c ag nus k` ag jgckn !fu( skj|h{( fd s|fu k` ag

jgckn fd ST n`c dkhj( }akoa nug agjsghtgs dfujs fd nu+( {|konhh{ ns

n ugswh fd ag sg|nung n`c ofjek`gc fuoagsunkf`s fd on|knh n`c ag

sng Nu&_|fu6 of`nk`s gssn{s an swmmgs nhgu`nktg }n{s fd

k`gu|ugk`m ag |wòwnkf` jnui sg|nunk`m afsg }f }fucs !n`c

}fuhcs+2 Nu ts _|fu6 _|fu : Nu6 _|fu k` Nu6 Nuksu{ k` _|fu6

Dk`nhh{( k` _|fu( Nu n`c Jg2 Jgjfu{( @fsnhmkn( Ugmug( agug nug

dfwu |kgogs an nug oakgdh{ ugufs|goktg ew an( k` hffik`m enoi( nhsf

gtkòg |ugsg` n`c dwwug of`skcgunkf`s

Fd ofwusg( jn`{ fd ag ofùkewkf`s f aks effi of`nk` |gusf`nhugdhgokf`s fu ghgjg`s fd ag jgjfku `nuunktg( n`c jfs fd agj

fwoa f` ag fagu agjgs K antg kcg`kdkgc k` f`g }n{ fu n`fagu K

ks `f j{ k`g`kf` f mwkcg ugncgus aufwma ag effi9 w`gq|gogc

ugsf`nògs n`c ofùnckokf`s }khh `f cfwe eg dfw`c e{ gnoa ugncgu(


44/65

}af }khh cun} aks fu agu f}` ofòhwskf`s _f ugnc k dufj duf` f

enoi( dufj enoi f duf`( fu ck| k` n`c fw n {fwu hgkswug

Cgs|kg ag ugsgutnkf`s K gq|ugssgc n ag snu fd aks kùfcwofu{

gssn{ nefw ag kjk`m fd ag effis n||gnunòg sf ohfsg f ag 5;;?

]kjehgcf` Hnckgs Dk`nh f` ghgtkskf` Saks }ns( noofuck`m f ag |uf*

munjjg k`dfujnkf`( f`g fd ag f| g` jnoags gtgu |hn{gc n ag Nhh

G`mhn`c Ohwe

N`{f`g }ka gtg` n |nssk`m k`gugs k` g``ks }khh ugonhh ag jnoa

Sag dfujkcnehg _gddk Mund onjg w| nmnk`s ag sgutg*n`c*tfhhg{k`m Bn`n

@ftf` Sag Orgoa }ns hgnck`m 4*=( 4*3( 3*> n`c }ka n |fk` dfu

7*>( }ag` agu mnjg dghh n|nu Mund }g` f` f }k` ag akuc sg 4*3

n`c ugcwogc @ftf` f ou{k`m f` ag safwhcgu fd ag Cwoagss fd Ig`

K }ns n` gàunhhk`m gòfw`gu. K cghktgugc nhh ag cunjn n`c gjfkf`

an f`g dk`cs k` ag mugngs s|fuk`m dkqwugs. K ofwhc` agh| dgghk`m(

af}gtgu( an gkagu fd afsg |hn{gus }fwhc jnoa ag dgufok{ fd ag jfc*

gu`*cn{ Njnrf`s( _gug`n n`c Tg`ws ]khhknjs. Ns mugn ns Mund }ns( enugh{

n cgoncg ndgu agu ugkugjg`( agu mnjg n||gnus n hkhg fhc dnsakf`gc.

K` ofj|nuksf`( K ugog`h{ ug*ugnc Bfa` _gkègois jnsgu|kgog( SagMun|gs fd ]una E{ n`{ sn`cnuc( aks ks f`g fd ag mugn }fuis fd hk*

gunwug _gtg`{ {gnus ndgu k }ns |wehksagc( k ans hfs `f`g fd ks dfuog

K ks euwnh( wòfj|ufjksk`m n`c `nuungc }ka n ofj|nsskf` dfu ks

swebgos an dg} }ukgus on` g~wnh Mktg` ag owuug` mhfenh gof`fjko


46/65

wujfkh( ag effis swebgo jngu ks `f hgss ughgtn` `f} an` k }ns

k` ag >;?


47/65

_\FUS tgusws NUS IKOIK@M FDD?4

Kc swmmgs an |ufdgsskf`nh }ugshk`m ks |uffd fd aks Fd ofwusg k

ks` s|fu( ew ks nògsu{ ks agug Safsg egak`c ag swoogss fd |ufdgsskf*

`nh }ugshk`m antg nj|hkdkgc s|fus mugngs n||gnh ks k`skm`kdkonòg

Sag{ antg gàunhhgc nwckgògs efa afsg }af akì an }an ag{

nug sggk`m ks mg`wk`g ns }ghh ns afsg }af nug ~wkg n}nug an ag }afhg

ak`m ks souk|gc e{ wu`k`m dhwdd n`c ehwsgu k`f n ofjjfck{

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}g ofhhgo( ag hgss }g }n` k f jngu Sag snhnu{ fd n ogunk` {fw`m

\fuwmwgsg |hn{ef{ of`dkujs aks Oukskn`f Uf`nhcf gnu`s k` ag

ugmkf` fd 5


48/65


49/65

_\FUS tgusws NUS IKOIK@M FDD?1

sggj n bfe hkig n`{ fagu ]ghh( k ks` @fefc{ }fwhc cf k kd k }gug

Ufjnòg ks }an igg|s ws mfk`m( ag fhc ufjn`ko Dunìg`sgk`

cugnj fd }fuik`m n jkunohg( jnik`m hkdg }agug agug }ns `f`g

K }fwhc ncc f ]fhdds numwjg` an ag mugngs njf`ms ws cf `f

jgugh{ ns|kug f aks cugnj( ew nnk` k K` ougnk`m hkdg( ag{ nhsf

ugtgnh sfjgak`m nefw ag }fuhc an ans ag |fg`knh f oan`mg ag}n{ k` }akoa }g sgg fwusghtgs k` k San ks }an jnigs Anjhgfu

Fgck|ws Ugq ns ughgtn` fcn{ ns ag{ gtgu }gug( n`c }an jnigs ws

igg| ugnck`m _gkègoi augg sofug n`c g` {gnus ndgu Sag Mun|gs fd

]una }ns }ukg` _woa ak`ms cf `f mf fw fd cng( egonwsg ag{

ugtgnh sfjgak`m ggu`nh nefw }an k jgn`s f eg n awjn` egk`m

Ns g`mnmk`m n`c g`gunk`k`m ns s|fu jkma eg( k on``f cf an

Sag akmas n`c hf}s fd n mnjg nug `gtgu jfug an` |nssk`m |nsskf`s

_|fu ks sf |f|whnu |ugoksgh{ egonwsg k ks wòanhhg`mk`m

Sag uwa jn{ eg an ns ag }fuhc egofjgs jfug ofj|hgq( sf efa

nu n`c s|fu egofjg jfug kj|fun` ]g `ggc nukss f hgnc fwu

~wgskf`k`m n`c w`cgusn`ck`m fd ag jnc`gss nufw`c ws( bws ns }g

`ggc s|fusjg` n`c s|fus}fjg` f cksuno ws dufj k( f sf| k dufj

ftgu}aghjk`m ws

_|fu n`c nu nug `f k` ofj|gkkf` K` jn`{ }n{s ag{ nug ofj*

|hgjg`nu{( n`c }g `ggc efa kd }g nug f jnk`nk` g~wkhkeukwj

eg}gg` afsg ak`ms an jngu n`c afsg an cf` ]an }g jws`

cf afwma( ks hg ag |ufdks |ufjksgc e{ s|fu sgcwog ws n}n{ dufj

sw||fuk`m ag nus Dfu( ns _gkègoi swjs k w| k`Bfwu`nh fd n @ftgh2

K ks ag cw{ fd ag }ukgu f hkd w|( f gqg`c( f gòfwunmg Kd ag

}ukg` }fuc ans ofùkewgc n`{ak`m n nhh f fwu cgtghf|k`m s|gokgs

n`c fwu anhd cgtghf|gc owhwug( k ks aks2 Mugn }ukk`m ans egg` n

sndd f hgn` f`( n jfagu f of`swh( n }kscfj f |koi w| swjehk`m

dfhh{( n sug`ma k` }gni`gss n`c n ofwunmg f sw||fu skoi of}nuckog


50/65

N`c af} n`{ `gmnktg fu cgs|nkuk`m n||ufnoa on` |ugg`c f eg hkgu*

nwug( K cf f i`f} K ks uwg an }g nug }gni n`c skoi n`c wmh{ n`c

~wnuughsfjg( ew kd an ks nhh }g gtgu }gug( }g }fwhc jkhhg``kwjs

nmf antg cksn||gnugc dufj ag dnog fd ag gnua( n`c n dg} ugj`n`s

fd dfsskhkrgc bn} ef`gs( n dg} gga k` sunn fd hkjgsf`g }fwhc eg

ag f`h{ jnui fwu s|gokgs }fwhc antg hgd f` ag gnua

\NSUKOI ONKU@_ }ns efu` k` \ugfukn k` >;=1. Ag ks n`

nwafu n`c |hn{}ukma. Aks s|fuk`m agufgs k`ohwcg

Mgueun`c Mufehgu( Mfun` Ktn`ksgtko n`c Jnui Jo@wh{. Aks

hkgunu{ agufgs k`ohwcg Iwu Tf``gmw( Bwhkn` Enu`gs n`cOnusf` JoOwhhgus.

?;\nssk`m \nsskf`s( G`cwuk`m Hftg


51/65

Ns n` kof`ko jfjg` k` _fwa Ndukon` s|fu( ks `f ~wkg n }nuj

_nwucn{ ndgu`ff` n Ghhks \nui k` >;;7 Jn Cnjf` }f` eg |hn{k`m

Jnag} Mnuug k` n jftkg n`{ kjg sff`( n`c Jfumn` Duggjn` ks n

jfs w`hkigh{ on`ckcng f ug|uksg Nhnsnku Jwuun{s hf|k`m ofw`gu*

nnois k` ag W`ktgusk{ fd On|g Sf}`s `wjegu >7 bgusg{ Ew ag cn{

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okuohg fd no~wnk`nòg n`c ag w`ktgusk{s ofj|fskg cukìk`m afhgs

}ufg aks `njg w`gq|gogch{ k`f ag g`cwuk`m uktnhu{ fd WOS*

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w`dfumgnehg s|fus gq|gukgògs ftgu ag hns cgoncg( kd f`h{ dfu ag onswnh

eunrg``gss n`c }f`cgudwhh{ k`n||uf|ukng agnug ag jfjg` |uftkcgc

N`c nhh ag jfug sf mktg` ag ofùns eg}gg` Mnuugs snu wu`( n`c

ag oansg( sgukhksgc g`tkuf`jg` an |ufdgsskf`nh s|fu k` ag jfcgu`

gun suktgs !`f nh}n{s }ka swoogss( anìdwhh{+ f f|gung k`

Sf Mnuugs ekm cn{ k` n jfjg` Dkus( afwma( ag gq|gukgògsan jnig w| ag jfug of`tg`kf`nh dneuko fd j{ cgoncg fu sf dfhhf}k`m

nssfugc s|fuk`m g`cgntfwus Kd nhh aks sfw`cs hkig n` gqguoksg k` onsk`m

`njgs dufj mugn agkmas( ag` f n` gqg` k ks ew mgk`m f i`f}

ag |gf|hg egak`c ag agnchk`gs ans egg` ag cgdk`k`m |uktkhgmg fd j{

]a{ _|fu Jngus

Cn` @koafhh


52/65

dhkunkf`s }ka _fwa Ndukon` s|fu Dufj ag sn`cs( |hn{gus nug fdg`

hkhg jfug an` onukonwugs( tkm`ggs fd gqoghhgòg !fu( f` foonskf`(

hnoi agugfd+( f`h{ sgg` eg{f`c agku oafsg` dkghc k` n ehn`c |ugss of`*

dgugòg( n ohkoa*hncg` |fs*jnoa k`gutkg}( fu k` ag n}i}nuc

g`cfusgjg` fd n |ufcwo f` ghgtkskf` !ag Bno~wgs Inhhks _n`gq

nctgus s|uk`m mhfukfwsh{ f jk`c agug+ _g| k`skcg ag efw`cnu{ uf|g(

af}gtgu( n`c {fw cksoftgu n }fuhc eg{f`c 1>< |gu og` Agug( ag`( n unagu sghd*

k`cwhmg` sg fd ugdhgokf`s an swj w| bws }a{ s|fu ks j{ |nukowhnu

eun`c fd dnka

"

Ks g` f f`g k` ag jfu`k`m k` n g`gc jnu~wgg k` _ofhn`c( n`c n

nhh Cwoajn` }ka s|kigc wds fd anku ks u{k`m f jnig akjsghd agnuc

neftg ag ofjek`gc gàwsknsj fd Awg{ Hg}ks( Uf`n` Ignk`m( Ef`

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dkda oghgeuk{ jgjegu fd ag kj|ufj|w jwskonh no owuug`h{ f` snmg2

f`g Ighh{ _hngu( }fuhc oanj|kf` swudgu n`c( k wu`s fw( n jfug an`

on|nehg mwknuks Ew ag jn` dufj Afhhn`c ks }nujk`m f aks f|ko(

n`c jn`nmgs f ofj|gg }ka ag |koi*w| en`c an ans _an`g ]nu`g(

Awma Mun` n`c Sugtfu Kjjghjn` mhwgc f ag cnòg dhffu n`c

}ag` Uwwc Mwhhk ans sfjgak`m f sn{( n` nucg` dffenhh dn` }khh

anuch{ hg n _hngu mwknu sfhf sgutg ns cksunokf`

Kd {fwug f` n` nwfmun|a s|ugg( ag` ag _nwucn{ `kma mnhn ck``gu

n ag Nhdugc Cwàkhh Hkìs Oanj|kf`sak| ks |ukjg aw`k`m mufw`cNs }ghh ns ag snus nhugnc{ jg`kf`gc( _ku Kn` Efanj( Skj Ag`jn`(

_kus _gtg` Ugcmuntg n`c Jnag} \k`sg`( Jkoangh Tnwman`( _gn`

Dkr|nukoi( Jnuof tn` Ensg`( Awmf \fun( _gtg ]nwma( _ku Efee{

Oanuhf`( Bfan` Ouw{dd n`c _oanhi Ewumgu _g`kfu ag jn` f` }afsg

3>]a{ _|fu Jngus


53/65

an`cs afsg fd ag K`ougckehg Awhi }gug jfcghhgc dfu ag jftkg

snsan{gc aufwma n `kma fd mfhdk`m oghgeunkf` k` 53 f` ag dkus gg+ Sag fwu`njg` }ns n`g`chgss sugnj fd ag w`gq|gogc2 Mnu{ \hn{gu hkmak`m w| ag cn`og dhffu

f` aks sgtg`kga ekuacn{ }ka jftgs sfjg}agug eg}gg` Suntfhn n`c

Nsnkug9 Hgg ]gs}ffc n`c Kn` \fwhgu bfk`k`m ag ndfugjg`kf`gc

Ignk`m f` snmg dfu n eghhkmgug` ug`ckkf` fd Ufhhguofnsgu9



54/65

\fwhgu( cugssgc k` sakjjguk`m |wu|hg tghtg( }nmk`m n jghfcunjnko

ekcck`m }nu }ka Gu`kg Ghs( n n` gtg`k`m nwokf`( dfu n |nk`k`m fd

@ghsf` Jn`cghn

Ew dfu j{sghd n`c Oaukskn` _g}nu( ag jfcgsh{ nhg`gc ogùg

}af ftguonjg hkjkgc `nwunh nekhk{ n`c n snuhk`m hnoi fd s|ggc f

|hn{ k` ]fuhc Ow|s dfu efa On`ncn n`c ag _|uk`mefis( ag @ghsf`

Jn`cghn K`tknkf`nh jgn`s f`g ak`m2 _njwgh H Bnoisf`( sn`ck`megskcg ws n n ewddg snkf` !dnjkhknu guukfu{ dfu _g}nu+( mktk`m ws

aks dnjfws \wh| Dkokf` sfhkhf~w{ nig` dufj Grgikgh k` dwhh n`c k`

oanunogu _g}nu n`c K s|g` ag ugs fd ag `kma efwòk`m fdd ag

}nhhs fd ag afgh( snusuwoi ikcs ckrr{ }ka gqokgjg` Mfhd( efuk`m6

J{ jng _nj |hn{s k( n`c ag swug ks`

Sugtfu Kjjghjn` }ns` n Jnbfu }k``gu }ag` ag |hn{gc k` ag

@ghsf` Jn`cghn K`tknkf`nh nhf`mskcg \hn{gu( ew Mnu{ |ugckogc mugn

ak`ms dfu aks {fw`m ofwù{jn`9 Kjjghjn`s jfs tnhwgc }nucufeg

kgj ks `f} n efhg mugg` bnoig( no~wkugc k` 5


55/65

]ffcs( n jn` }afsg snws ns cgk{ k` Njgukon on` f`h{ eg dwhh{ ugnhksgc

}ag` {fwug n n fwu`njg` k` ag _ngs an ags |hn{k`m k` Ew k

wu`gc fw an sfjg _fwa Ndukon` mw{ anc n hkhg jfug dkma an`

ag hfonhs n`kok|ngc( n`c Skmgus sufhh f n`fagu Jnbfu ckc` gtg`*

wng K`sgnc( ehfoik`m fw ag ufnus dufj nufw`c ag ofwusg an jgn`

]ffcs anc cf`g sfjgak`m !k` Njgukon( Skmgu on` skì n skq{*dffgu

dfu gnmhg( n }f*dffgu dfu |nu( fu akma*dktg aks ekm Ik}k efc{mwnuc( n`cag ouf}c guw|s }ka g~wnh dgufok{+( Sugtfu Kjjghjn` aw`m f` f

egofjg Jnsgus oanj|kf` n`c jnig mffc f` ag |ugckokf`s fd ag

f`h{ fagu _fwa Ndukon` f antg of`~wgugc Nwmwsn @nkf`nh

N` k`fuck`ng `wjegu fd _fwa Ndukon`s }gug n Sag Jnsgus K

anc` sgg` sf jn`{ k` f`g |hnog fwskcg _fwa Ndukon skòg ag hns

kjg Kc egg` f` ag weg aufwma ]kjehgcf` kòhwck`m Sugtfus

}kdg( Onujghkn ]akhg agu awsen`c `gmfkngc Njg` Ofu`gu( }g cks*

owssgc jnumnukn ugok|gs !ag hnc{ dufj ag Cfjk`kon` Ug|wehko }af

}fuis dfu ag Kjjghjn`s n||nug`h{ jnigs ag }fuhcs dk`gs+( ncck`m

n dwuagu cfsg fd swuugnhksj f n` nhugnc{ ugjnuinehg cn{ ]nhik`m

ag Gh{skn` dnku}n{s fd mfhds jfs oghgeungc ugnh gsng n`c }noak`m

f`g fd fwu f}` cf` ag kgj fd ohfak`m gtgu{ mfhdgu cugnjs fd s|fu

on` eg ouwgh n`c agnuhgss !n`c dug~wg`h{ ks+( ew foonskf`nhh{ k auf}s

fw n souk| an skj|h{ on` eg eggugc Dfu jg( Nwmwsn 5


56/65

w|f` dkus sggk`m n >4*{gnu*fhc _gtg` \kg`nnu k` n` Nbnq On|g Sf}`

bgusg{ !nhf`m }ka ?


57/65

}af anc hgd ag skcghk`gs( sufhhgc f`f ag dkghc( n`c cgokcgc f bfk`

aks w`ktgusk{s enoihk`g f sw||fu ag enhg nmnk`s _ghhgèfsoa Fa(

n`c ag anc n eggu k` f`g an`c N`c ag }ns snui `nigc

Jwuun{( f aks ougck( aw`m f`f ag enhh !nhafwma aks bn} anc

cuf||gc tkskeh{+( ffi ag noihg( n`c jn`nmgc f sg w| ag gq |ansg

fd |hn{ Mnuug( ufeegc fd aks oanòg f eugnoa ag _ghhgèfsoa enoi*

hk`g n`c sukig n ehf} dfu uwme{*|hn{k`m `nwukss ag }fuhc ftgu( swc*cg`h{ ugnhksgc aks eggu on` }ns gj|{ n`c njehgc enoi f ag ouf}c

f bfk` }f skjkhnuh{*nkugc ofj|n`kf`s( sggk`m fw ag ugjnk`cgu fd

ag jnoa k` ~wkg( `wcg fesgutnkf`( ofj|hggh{ w`n}nug fd ag hgm*

g`c agc ougngc n`c an }ns nhugnc{ mnaguk`m jfjg`wj tkn gq

jgssnmg f ag fwskcg }fuhc Sag kjnmg fd Dunòfks \kg`nnu( afhck`m

ag ]gee Ghhks uf|a{ nhfd ns Jncken hffigc f` n`c n ofwù{

gq|hfcgc }ka cghkma( ks f`g fd jn`{ fagu kjnmgs _fwa Ndukon` s|fu

ans sf tktkch{ |ufcwogc9 ew jfjg`s hkig Mnuugs nug |nu fd ag

sw||fuk`m ons an jnigs ag s|fuk`m gq|gukgòg ns n }afhg sf

w`cg`kneh{ ukoa

F`g dk`nh( |gusf`nh ugofhhgokf` k` swjjk`m w| bws }a{ s|fu ks sf

dw`cnjg`nh f sf jn`{ fd ws Jncukc ks f`g fd Gwuf|gs ugmnh cghkmas(

nhh uggs n`c fhc nuoakgowug n`c hnkcenoi hktk`m auf} k` ehwg sikgs(

mugn mfhd ofwusgs n`c n sgukfws ofjjkjg` f mhfukfws mnsuf`fj{(

n`c {fw on` sgg }a{ Oukskn`f Uf`nhcf }ns an||{ f hgntg ag ofhc(

mug{ swuufw`cs fd Jnòagsgu !nhafwma 5


58/65

_|n`ksa sw`( n`c f ofj|hgg n Ef{s F}` cn{ }g s|g` ag gtg`k`m n

ag Jncukc Jnsgus( }noak`m @ftni Cbfiftko n`c Ufmgu Dgcgugu

khhwsung bws af} hkhg fd agku |f}gu( dk`gssg n`c saggu nhg` {fw |koi

w| f` ghgtkskf` Egn an dfu n cn{ fd s|fu

K ugjgjegu an cn{ }ka |nukowhnu |fkm`nò{ egonwsg \nehf ks `f

hf`mgu }ka ws2 nh}n{s n` nctg`wufws sfwh !ag }ns n oanj|kf` sikgu(

anc akigc f Gtgugs ensg onj|( n`c s|g` aks cn{s untghhk`m ag }fuhck` of`sn` sgnuoa fd ag gq oanhhg`mg+( n jkoufhkma nookcg` swccg`h{(

ouwghh{ g`cgc aks eukma n`c tkeun` hkdg Ew bws ns \nehfs ?= {gnus

sgutg ns n ugmwhnu ugjk`cgu f sgkrg gnoa cn{ e{ ag aufn( n`c }uk`m

ns jwoa fw fd k ns |fsskehg( sf fwu mhfukfws cn{ fw k` Jncukc

swjjgc w|( tgu{ skj|h{( }a{ s|fu afhcs ws k` swoa n` kuf` muk|

\kguug cg Ofweguk` mf k anhd ukma Ks `f nefw ag }k``k`m(

nhafwma Khh cg`{ an tgagjg`h{ }ag` }g `gq hfsg n ig{ oukoig

jnoa f mg ew`chgc fw fd n ]fuhc Ow| Ew ks `f bws nefw ag

nik`m |nu( gkagu2 k` _fwa Ndukon( ks sfjgak`m dnu jfug dw`cnjg`nh

an` an Ks i`f}k`m an ag jffc fd n ofwù{ uksgs n`c dnhhs }ka

ag enoi |nmg agnchk`gs( an sf jwoa fd }an }g hftg n`c oghgeung

on` eg onhkeungc k` uw`s n`c mfnhs n`c ukgs( n`c an( ns n cn{ k`

Jncukc }ka n ohfsg jng of`dkujgc( s|fu w`kgs ws( cun}s ws fmgagu

n`c mktgs ws n |hndfuj f g`bf{ hkdg fmgagu hkig `f fagu Dufj

Dunòfks \kg`nnu n`c @ghsf` Jn`cghn of`bwuk`m n unkèf} nkf` fw

fd ag dunowugc uweehg fd n|nuagkc aufwma >>< jk`wgs fd uwme{( f

n oaggudwhh{ k`geukngc w`ktgusk{ swcg` ncck`m n cnsa fd onswnh

`wck{ f n w`ktgusk{ cgue{( f n cn{ k` Kegukn an ans nig` f` n

ugufs|goktg of`sg~wgòg( s|fu ans n` gàunhhk`m jnmko ans g~wnhh{

n afjg k` n soaffhef{ mnjg fd fwoa uwme{ fu n ]fuhc Ow| dk`nhN`c `f}agug hksg` onugdwhh{( Nwsunhkn`s ks aks jfug uwg an` k`

_fwa Ndukon

3=]a{ _|fu Jngus


59/65

CN@ @KOAFHH ks n }ukgu( eufnconsgu n`c bfwu`nhks ensgc k`

On|g Sf}`. Dfujguh{ s|fus gckfu n kndukon.ofj( Gckfu*k`*

Oakgd n Mfhd \wì jnmnrk`g n`c s|fus nòafu n On|g Snhi(

ns }ghh ns gts Oanj|kf`s Hgnmwg nòafu( ag `f} uw`s

_iwcwcw Jgckn( n||gnus ugmwhnuh{ f` _w|gu_|fu n`c sgtgunh

unckf snkf`s noufss ag ofwù{( n`c afss `wjgufws

s|fus gtg`s efa k` _fwa Ndukon n`c neufnc. Aks hf`m*

uw``k`m s|fus ofhwj`( Cn`s ]fuhc f` kndukon.ofj(

of`k`wgs f g`swug an `wjgufws |ufdgsskf`nh s|fus|gf*|hg }fwhc an||kh{ s|g`c dktg jk`wgs }ka akj k` n cnuig`gc

nhhg{ }ka n ehw` k`suwjg`.



60/65

Sag Dk`g Hk`g eg}gg`Dn`nkoksj n`c Fesgsskf`

J`k`n}n @hfif

_f k`g`sg ks agku |nsskf` n`c ofjjkjg` f ag egnwkdwh mnjg

an dw`gunhs( jnuuknmgs n`c gtg` ag ugogsskf` antg cf`g tgu{ hkhg f

cksswncg dn`nkonh _fwa Ndukon` sfoogu hftgus dufj dfhhf}k`m agku gnjs

nufw`c ag ofw`u{ Gtg` afwma _fwa Ndukon( hkig jfs ofw`ukgs( }ns

k` ag sun`mhgafhc fd n ugogsskf` dfu jfs fd 5 |gu og` dufj 5


61/65

cf `f antg dwhh*kjg gj|hf{jg`( ew an ks `f mfk`m f sf| jg

dufj |wk`m f` j{ jnuff` n`c }akg bgusg{ n`c mfk`m f ag snckwj

]agagu ag jnoa ks k` On|g Sf}`( Cwuen` fu Ehfgjdf`gk`( {fw on`

eg ogunk` an K nj mfk`m f eg njf`m afsg k` ag sn`cs

Jfianuks fesgsskf` ks swoa an aks dnjkh{ i`f}s eggu an` f

soagcwhg }gcck`ms n`c fagu mnaguk`ms !gtg` dw`gunhs+ f` ag snjg

cn{ ns _}nhhf}s jnoags Ag sn{s sfjg dnjkh{ jgjegus antg ukgc fjnig akj oaffsg k` ag |ns n`c ag{ dfw`c fw bws }a{ ag ks of`skc*

gugc _}nhhf}s `wjegu f`g dn`2

@nwunhh{( K }khh }nhi fw an cffu n`c jnig j{ }n{ f ag snckwj

}akhg ag agnusg ks enoik`m w| f ag duf` mng }ka ag ofddk` J{

ugnsf`k`m ks an ag cgnc |gusf` ks `f mfk`m f }nig w| n`c cfgs`

gtg` antg n ohwg an Kj |ugsg` n ag dw`gunh K nj `f jkunohg

}fuigu n`c on``f }nig w| ag cgnc _}nhhf}s( f` ag fagu an`c(

`ggc j{ sw||fu n`c j{ nesgòg }khh cg|uktg agj fd f`g jfug tfkog

an ofwhc antg jncg n ckddgugòg _f( safwhc sfjgf`g cgokcg f mf

nagnc n`c soagcwhg agsg gtg`s n`{}n{( ag` k ks n` nesfhwg ogu*

nk`{ an K }khh `f |koa w|

Sag fesgsskf`s fd fagu sw||fugus( af}gtgu( antg egg` dnu ff

mugn Sagug antg egg` sgtgunh k`snògs fd sw||fugus nik`m agku f}`

hktgs ndgu ag gnjs ag{ sw||fugc hfs Sag hns i`f}` kòkcg`

foowuugc k` @ftgjegu 5


62/65

Ag onjg enoi dufj ag ntgu`( }g` f aks }kdg( }af ks n an}igu(

n`c fhc agu an ag }ns cksn||fk`gc e{ ag hfss( Ktfu{ \nui |fhkog

snkf` s|figsjn` Hgsken Jn`njghn }ns ~wfgc ns sn{k`m n ag kjg

Ag snkc ag ofwhc f fhgung ag gjenuunssjg` fd egk`m awjkhkngc

e{ n 5*< cgdgn _kafhg n||nug`h{ ag` cgjn`cgc ag ig{s f agku

sanoi dufj aks }kdg n`c }ns hngu dfw`c an`mk`m e{ n` ghgoukonh }kug

dufj ag uffd Saks onsg ks f`g fd sgtgunh ugofucgc ftgu ag {gnus9 ksggjs an sfjg sw||fugus antg swoa akma gq|gonkf`s dufj agku

gnjs an dnkhwug ks `f of`skcgugc n` f|kf`

Gtg` }kafw ugsfuk`m f swoa gqugjg jgnswugs( jn`{ }af }fusak|

agku ohwes ugnckh{ ncjk an agku tgu{ gqksgòg ks |hn``gc nufw`c ag

noktkkgs fd ag gnjs ag{ sw||fu Tkskehg Inkrgu Oakgds sw||fugu

_nccnj Jnnig( }af |ufeneh{ ans ag akmags jgckn |ufdkhg njf`m sfoogu

sw||fugus k` _fwa Ndukon( sn{s ag ks n sfoogu shntg n`c ag dno an

ag ks sk`mhg n ag jfjg` gskdkgs f aks cgckonkf` f ag s|fu

K hgd j{ }kdg k` >;;< egonwsg sag }fwhc `f sf| `nmmk`m jg nefw

ag tns njfw`s fd jf`g{ K }ns s|g`ck`m f` Oakgds jgjfunekhkn

_ag cgjn`cgc an K oaffsg eg}gg` sfoogu n`c agu K oafsg sfoogu

}kafw gtg` akìk`m }kog nefw k _ag ckc `f akì an K }ns

sgukfws }ag` K fhc agu f |noi agu enms n`c hgntg _ag f`h{ ugnhksgc

hngu an K }ns cgnc sgukfws( n`c gtg`wnhh{ hgd

Jnnig }af jnigs k n |fk` an Oakgds mfhc n`c ehnoi ofhfwus nug

|nu fd aks }nucufeg sgtg` cn{s n }ggi( n`c }afsg afwsg ks nhsf

|nk`gc k` ag ohwes ckskòktg ofhfwus fhc jg an ag jg sfjgf`g

ghsg sgtg` {gnus ndgu hgntk`m aks dkus }kdg( ew sag nhsf sff` mug} kugcfd aks fesgsskf` }ka sfoogu

K fhc agu f hgntg ff egonwsg sag bws ckc `f mg k Sag dno ks n`{

}fjn` }af }n`s f sn{ }ka jg safwhc w`cgusn`c an sfoogu

7>Sag Dk`g Hk`g eg}gg` Dn`nkoksj n`c Fesgsskf`


63/65

ofjgs dkus n`c sag ks n cksn` sgof`c N ag jfjg`( sfoogu ofjgs

dkus( j{ oakhcug` ofjg sgof`c n`c agug ks sggjk`mh{ `f |hnog dfu n

}fjn` Sag mffc ak`m nefw j{ ikcs ks an ag{ w`cgusn`c jg

n`c K cf `f antg f gq|hnk` j{ jffc s}k`ms kd Oakgds antg hfs n

jnoa K }nig( shgg|( }nhi n`c nhi sfoogu gtgu{ jfjg` fd j{ hkdg

n`c( K sw||fsg( `f }fjn` ks mfk`m f noog| an w`hgss sag ks n

dn`nko hkig jg

K hffis hkig swoa f`g*skcgc |nsskf` on` oufss ag mg`cgu cktkcg Ns

f`g fd ofj|nunktgh{ dg} dgjnhg sw||fugus k` _fwa Ndukon( Mhnc{s

Enkhg{ ks ckddkowh f jkss k` ag sn`cs n`c ag snwòa Nbnq On|g Sf}`

dn`s hf`m*swddguk`m awsen`c ans anc f of|g }ka n }kdg }af sggjs

f eg jfug |nsskf`ng nefw ag s|fu an` ag ks Enkhg{ }fuigc ns n

enìgu dfu Dkus @nkf`nh Enì n`c ndgu ag`*ofnoa Ohktg Enuigu

s|gnuagncgc Endn`n Endn`n f n dkus*gtgu _foogu ]fuhc Ow| n||gnu*

nòg k` >;;1( ag jfagu fd dfwu cgokcgc an sag }fwhc jnig k f

ag fwu`njg` k` Dunòg `f jngu }an _f sag `fòanhn`h{

cgokcgc f ugskm` dufj agu bfe f dk`nòg an uk| N`c mwgss }an(

j{ awsen`c }ns ugugòagc sff` ndgu K ugskm`gc n`c }g dfw`c fwu*

sghtgs k` n |koihg( sag sn{s( }ka agu uncgjnui agnu{ hnwma ]g

skhh }g` f ag ]fuhc Ow| n`{}n{ n`c gtg` }g` f ag 5


64/65

w`gj|hf{gc sfoogu dn`nko ugmwhnuh{ ofjjwgs eg}gg` Bfan``gsewum

n`c ag On|g f ng`c jnoags( }akoa }fwhc eg n dk`n`oknh ewucg`

gtg` f sfjgf`g }af }ns gj|hf{gc N sk`mhg uk| f On|g Sf}` f

ng`c n` Nbnq afjg jnoa wswnhh{ sgs jg enoi e{ nefw U>


65/65

ohwes skhh g`bf{ dnu jfug |nsskf`ng sw||fu an` Endn`n Endn`n ofwhc

gtgu jwsgu _fwa Ndukon ks |gowhknu k` an ag `nkf`nh sfoogu gnj

skhh |hn{s sgof`c dkcchg f ag ohwe skcgs }akhg Endn`n jkma suwmmhg

f nuno ><

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Sport versus Art: A South African Contest