Spring 2019Delaney Seeburger

California Polytechnic State University

Prescriptive◦ Structural◦ Flammability◦ Suppression◦ Alarm and Detection◦ Smoke Control◦ Egress

Performance Based◦ Design Fires◦ Tenability◦ FDS◦ Human Behavior◦ Pathfinder

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Fire Resistance

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TYPE I TYPE IIBuilding Element A A

Structural FrameIncluding columns, girders, trusses 3 1

Bearing wallsExteriorInterior

33

11

Nonbearing walls and partitionsExteriorInterior

See Table 602

Floor construction Including supporting beams and joists 2 1

Roof constructionIncluding supporting beams and joists 1.5 1

Building Element Resistance RatingCorridors 1 hourStairways 2 hour

Doors 20 minute

Occupancy Interior Exits Corridors RoomsA-3 B B CB, M B C CR-2 C C C

CBC Table 601CBC 510.2

CBC 1020.1

CBC 1023.2

CBC 716.5.3

CBC Table 803.11

Occupancy A-3 B M R-2 S-2A-3 N 1 1 1 NB ---- N N 1 1M ---- ---- N 1 1

R-2 ---- ---- ---- N 1S-2 ---- ---- ---- ---- N

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CBC Table 508.4

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Floor Area (ft2) Type I-A (ft2) Type II-A (ft2)First 33,100 UL --

Second 17,760 -- 72,000Third 17,800 -- 72,000

Height (ft) Type I-A (ft) Type II-A (ft)65 UL 85

Floor OccupancyFirst Assembly (A-3); Business (B); Mercantile (M); Storage (S-2)

Second – Fifth Residential (R-2)

CBC Table 504.3

CBC Table 506.2

Wet Pipe Automatic Sprinkler and Standpipe Risers◦ Sprinkler – 6”◦ Standpipe – 4”

Hazard Classification◦ Light (LH)◦ Ordinary I and II (OH-1/OH-2)

Preaction System

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Occupancy Density (gpm/ft2) Area (ft2) HSA (gpm) Duration (min)

LH 0.085 2150 100 30

OH-1 0.15 1075 250 60-90

OH-2 0.195 1606 250 60-90

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CBC 11.2.3.3.1-11.2.3.3.4

“The water supply requirements for sprinklers only shall be based upon the room that creates the greatest demand.”

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LH - 8 sprinklers

Water SupplyLH - 5 sprinklers

OH2 – 16 Sprinklers

Two Fire Alarm Control Units (FACU) Addressable Signaling and Notification Line Circuits – Class B

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Shutdown HVAC Close fire/smoke dampers Release door holders

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Smoke Control

FloorPower (AH) 1 2 3 4 5

Required 60 3 3 3 3Provided 70 7 7 7 7

Secondary Power

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First Floor

Second Floor

Type of Room Occupancy Classification Occupant Load Factor (ft2/occupant)

Study Areas A-3 15

Offices B 100

Market M 60

Dwelling Units R-2 200

Storage/Service S-2 300

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𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑂𝑂𝐿𝐿 =𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 𝐿𝐿𝑜𝑜 𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑅𝑅 (𝑜𝑜𝑂𝑂2)

𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑂𝑂𝐿𝐿 𝐹𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 ( ⁄𝑜𝑜𝑂𝑂2 𝐿𝐿𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂)

Floor Occupant Load (persons)

First 40

Second 60

Third 60

Fourth 60

Fifth 60

CBC Table 1004.1.2

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Occupancy Travel Distance (ft)

A-3, M, R-2 250

B 300

S-2 400

Width (in) Egress Capacity (in./person) Egress Capacity (persons)

Residence Doors 35 0.2 175

Elevator Doors 42.5 0.2 213

Stairway Door 35 0.2 175

Stairs 45.5 0.3 152

Corridors 59 0.2 295Occupancy Dead End (ft)

B, M, R-2, S-2 50

CBC Table 1017.2

CBC Table 1020.4

CBC Table 1005.3.1/1005.3.2

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Occupancy Common Path (ft)

A, M 75

B 100

R-2 125

S-2 100

CBC Table 1006.2.1

Structural

Suppression

Alarm and Detection

Egress

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RSET vs ASET

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SFPE Handbook Figure 59.16

Post Office/Market Residential Unit Business Offices

Flammable Liquid Pool Fire Furniture Fire

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CO – 1,200 ppm x min

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Heat Flux – 2.5 kW/m2 (0.22 Btu/ft2)

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Visibility – 4 m (13 ft.)

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Central Stairway

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Common Ignitable Liquids used as AccelerantsAcetone (lacquers, varnishes, nail polish remover)Ethyl Alcohol (alcoholic beverages, antifreezes)Isopropyl Alcohol (lacquers, rubbing alcohol, lotions)

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SFPE Handbook Table A.39

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Hea

t Rel

ease

Rat

e (k

W)

Time (s)

Acetone Pool Fire

Pool fireNo growth phase

Q”*A = Q → 1058 kW/m2 * (1.4 m)2 = 2073 kW

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Maintain Tenability? Time (s)CO Concentration Yes --Thermal Radiation Yes --

Visibility Yes --

Study Room

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SFPE Handbook Table A.39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Hea

t Rel

ease

Rat

e (k

W)

Time (s)

GM27 Polyurethane

Q = αt2α = 0.047 kW/s2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Hea

t Rel

ease

Rat

e (k

W)

Time (s)

GM27 Polyurethane

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Maintain Tenability? Time (s)

CO Concentration Yes --

Thermal Radiation Yes --

Visibility Yes --

Occupant characteristics Pre-evacuation◦ 3 minutes

Movement◦ 4 minutes

RSET◦ Safety Factor 1.5◦ Total 10.5 minutes

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SFPE Handbook Table 64.4

SFPE Handbook Figure 58.1

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Stairway

Study RoomImmediate Exposure Last Person

Central 185 s 230 sWest 195 s 237 s

Immediate Exposure Last PersonSecond 239 s 248 sThird 196 s 237 s

Fourth 211 s 269 sFifth 185 s 239 s

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Ignition at t = 0 s Detector activation at t = 15 s Alarm activation at t = 25 s Last person exits at t = 294 s

(𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑+𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎) ∗ 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑂𝑜𝑜𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂𝑆𝑆 𝐹𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 = 𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇15𝑠𝑠 + 10𝑠𝑠 + 269𝑠𝑠 ∗ 1.5 = 440𝑠𝑠

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Ignition at t = 0 s Detector activation at t = 79 s Alarm activation at t = 89 s Last person exits at t = 326 s

(𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑+𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎) ∗ 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑂𝑜𝑜𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂𝑆𝑆 𝐹𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 = 𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇79𝑠𝑠 + 10𝑠𝑠 + 237𝑠𝑠 ∗ 1.5 = 490𝑠𝑠

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Central Stairway

Study Room

440 s < unknown (> 600 s)

490 s < unknown (> 600 s)

More Modelling Means of Egress Investigate switching out HD for SD

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Questions