Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Plasticulture production of vegetables has been widely adopted in the Northeast providing farmers with in-row weed control, soil moisture regulation and season extension. However, the bare row middles require herbicide or cultivation which increase environmental im-pacts; impairing water quality, decreasing soil organic matter levels and increasing labor inputs. NESARE has funded the Cornell Vegetable Program to evaluate a new use of cover crops, by sowing a winter rye grain between plastic-mulched beds of tomatoes and onions on two cooperating farms. One farm is growing tomatoes with spring-sown rye row-middles, cultivated row-middles and an herbicide standard. Another farm is growing onions under the same set of treatments (Fig. 1).
The impact of using rye instead of herbicides or cultivation has been measured season long through plant growth, disease pressure, and foliar nutrient levels. We will also gather data on crop yield and labor input under the different weed management methods.
Observations to this point are showing promising results with the use of a rye cover crop. The rye has provided very good weed control. Rye plots have the least number of weeds,
Volume 8, Issue 18 July 25, 2012
Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program
Cornell University
We
ek
ly
Ve
g E
dg
eV
eg
Ed
ge
Ve
g E
dg
e
Contents General
Winter Rye Grain for Weed Control in Summer ..... 1 Late Summer Cover Crops ...................................... 3 Update on New CVP Educator Position .................. 3 Smart Water Use on Your Farm .............................. 6 Report Weather-Related Crop Losses .................... 7
Sponsors .................................................................... 9
Weather Charts ......................................................... 9
Crops Crops: Tidbits & Insights ................................... 4 & 5 Beans: Don’t Get Burned by Leafhoppers ............... 6 Potato/Tomato: Late Blight Risk ............................. 5 Sweet Corn/Beans: Trap Network Rpt, 7/24/12 ..... 7
Dates........................................................................... 8
Spring Application of Winter Rye Grain for Weed Control in Summer Vegetables: A Mid-Season Update by Judson Reid and Kathryn Klotzbach, Cornell Vegetable Program
Continued on next page
Figure 1. Herbicide (left), rye (middle), and cultivated (right). Photos: Judson Reid, Cornell Vegetable Program
Continued from cover
while the cultivated and herbicide plots have about the same weed pres-sure. Our tomato grower has mowed the rye cover once to date.
There haven’t been any significant insect or disease issues in the toma-toes. The onions have had some level of Onion Thrips and Botrytis Leaf Blight. While there were no differences in leaf disease, there was a differ-ence in pest pressure. On June 12, there were significantly less onion thrips in the herbicide plots than in the rye and cultivated plots, with the cultivated plots having the most thrips. In addition, we have noted an un-expected issue with the rye, showing signs of leaf rust, caused by Puccinia recondita tritici (Fig. 2). We do not anticipate this disease to impact vege-table crops.
Height and number of leaves on onions, and height on tomatoes has been recorded throughout the season. Onions plots with rye middles have shown to be the tallest, however consistently have the fewest number of leaves. Onions plots with cultivated middles have been the shortest with the most number of leaves, leaving the plots with herbicide treated row middles in the middle of the pack. Tomatoes on the other hand have been showing signs of competition within the rye plots. Plants are shorter and appear to have less fruit. Once harvested there will be a better understanding if any treatments have had an impact on yield.
Foliar samples were taken from each of the treatments to determine if the rye or weeds were acting as a com-petitor to the crop (see table). While the onions do not seem to be impacted, the tomatoes seem to be showing some signs of competition with the rye. Levels of both Nitrogen and Copper are lower in the rye plots than in the herbicide and cultivated plots, sug-gesting that the rye cover could be pulling nutrients away from the tomatoes.
The use of rye as an alterna-tive to herbicides and cultiva-tion between mulched rows is still in the testing phase. Alt-hough we see promise in the approach we also see chal-lenges such as nutrient com-petition, bolting, and in-creased insect pressure. We will have a full report in this fall. This work is funded by NESARE.
July 25, 2012 Veg Edge Weekly
Page 2
Volume 8, Issue 18
Figure 2. Rust on rye. Photo: Judson Reid, Cornell Vegetable Program
Foliar Samples taken on July 3, 2012
Onions Tomatoes
Rye Cultivated Herbicide Rye Cultivated Herbicide KEY:
Nitrogen 2.65% 3.21% 3.29% 3.93% 4.41% 4.30% Deficient
Phosphorus 0.47% 0.45% 0.35% 0.33% 0.47% 0.39% Low
Potassium 3.38% 3.96% 3.82% 3.50% 4.54% 3.91% Sufficient
Magnesium 0.30% 0.23% 0.29% 0.58% 0.46% 0.48% High
Calcium 1.79% 1.22% 1.82% 4.01% 2.97% 3.46% Excessive
Sulfur 0.73% 0.97% 0.89% 0.82% 0.85% 0.89%
Boron 27.0 ppm 27.0 ppm 25.0ppm 36.0 ppm 35.0 ppm 41.0 ppm
Zinc 13.0 ppm 15.0 ppm 15.0ppm 26.0 ppm 31.0 ppm 24.0 ppm
Manganese 54 ppm 69 ppm 71ppm 47 ppm 55 ppm 41 ppm
Iron 81 ppm 101 ppm 116ppm 173 ppm 169 ppm 145 ppm
Copper 6.0 ppm 6.0 ppm 6.0ppm 14.0 ppm 23.0 ppm 25.0 ppm
Tomatoes and lots of rye. Photo: Judson Reid, Cornell Vegetable Program
July 25, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 18 Veg Edge Weekly
Page 3
Late Summer Cover Crops
C. MacNeil, CVP (info from Thomas Bjorkman, Cornell): When you get enough rain to bring soil moisture levels back to normal consider seeding a late sum-mer cover crop to improve your soil and your crops. The goal should be to keep the soil covered with desirable vegetation as much as possible. Cover crops can crowd out weeds and reduce the seed they produce, loosen the soil and im-prove soil aggregation and stability, suppress weeds and some crop diseases, and grow some nitrogen for next year’s cash crop.
Fall mustards, planted from the end of July through August, can add organic matter, break up hardpan, crowd out fall weeds, and suppress weeds in the following crop. Soil-borne diseases may be suppressed by glucosinolates in the residue. There are three recommended species of mustard represented by the following varieties: Caliente 199, Tilney, IdaGold and Pacific Gold. Prepare a firm, weed-free seedbed. Mustard following vegetables often has sufficient nutrients, but after wheat apply 25 lbs/acre N. Drill 5-12 lb/A or broadcast 10-15 lb/A, depending on seed size. Kill the mustard when in flower and before it sets seed, and immediately incorporate the crop residues for disease suppres-sive benefits (particularly beneficial after onions and lettuce on muck). The mustard will winter kill and leave little residue by spring. Caution: Be sure to kill it before the mustard goes to seed. Do not use in rotation with Brassica crops.
Forage/tillage radish, planted from mid-late August, can break up plow layer compaction and crowd out weeds. This crop forms thick, white tap roots that can reach lengths of 8-14”, most of which are underground. These radishes have earned the nickname “biodrills”. A thinner extension of the tap root can penetrate deep layers of compaction. The roots die over the winter and leave channels so the soil dries and warms faster in the spring. Be sure you get for-age or tillage radish seed and not forage turnip! Forage/tillage radishes usually winterkill but forage turnips do not and need to be killed before they set seed. Varieties of forage radish include Cedar Meadow Forage Radish, Tillage Radish and Groundhog. Prepare a smooth seedbed in a well-drained field. Forage rad-ish following vegetables often has sufficient nutrients, but after wheat apply 50 lbs/A N for best growth. One solution is to cut back the seeding rate somewhat and seed with a low rate of red clover as an N source. Another tactic is to seed the forage radish with 40 lbs/A wheat for spring cover and better weed sup-pression. Some growers are experimenting with three way mixes of low rates each of wheat, red clover and forage radish. Drill 10 lb/A (good conditions) to 13 lb/A (broadcast, or drilled in challenging conditions). Rolling the ground lightly after seeding may improve stand. Cautions: After mild winters survivors should be killed before seeds set. Don’t use in rotation with Brassica crops.
Medium red clover, planted from mid-August through mid-September, can grow a substantial amount of the N that your cash crop will need next season.
Red clover is often frost-seeded into spring grains, but the low cost, ease of establish-ment, and high nitrogen fixation make it an attractive choice in the late summer. Getting red clover established this fall will provide winter cover and allow it to take off more quickly next spring. A good stand of red clover that gets established in late August, with good growing conditions, can produce 80 – 100 lbs/A of N. Most of the N is fixed during May, however, so don’t plan on early spring planting. Seed medium red clover at 15 lb/A with an inoculant for red clover. You can broadcast onto prepared ground or sow it with a grass seeder. Other varieties of red clover are available but they don’t work as well as medium red clover in our area. A wheat nurse crop is recommended when seeding red clover. The wheat keeps down weeds during clo-ver’s slow establishment. Another benefit: The grass stimulates the clover to produce more N and helps carry the N through until the next cash crop will need it. Seed the wheat at 40 lb/A.
For seed sources, costs, and more details on these cover crops go to the Cover Crops for Vegetable Growers website at: www.covercrop.net Scroll down the left menu for the various crops.
Forage/tillage radishes, mid-October. Photo: Carol MacNeil, Cornell Vegetable Program
UPDATE on NEW CVP EXTENSION EDUCATOR POSITION
Julie Kikkert, CVP Team Leader: On July 12, we interviewed two candidates for the new Extension Educator position on our team. You may recall that this position was created to be able to better serve the industry in our 12-county region. While both candidates had very good credentials, neither seemed to be the proper fit for our team and thus, we have decided to re-open the search.
If you know of any qualified candidates, please direct them to the position posting on the Cornell University Jobs website https://cornellu.taleo.net/careersection/jobdetail.ftl?job=285269&lang=en&sns_id=mailto#.UARw_IvcBgQ.mailto. Successful candidates for this position must have a Master’s Degree in Agricultural Sciences or a related field and a solid background in fresh market vegetable produc-tion through formal education and work experience.
We are also seeking one or two growers who would be willing to serve on the search committee. Please contact Julie Kikkert if you can help us out. The actual interviews will be open to all members of the committee and will be announced at a later date.
July 25, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 18
DRY BEANS Beans are developing slowly, though the earliest planted beans now have developing pods. Potato leafhoppers (PLH) populations have been exceptionally high on many crops this year. Even if you had Cruiser on your seed, once you see any of the very tiny PLH nymphs on the undersides of leaves, or see the first sign of PLH feeding/hopperburn, a foliar insecticide should be applied. High PLH levels and a few adult Mexican bean beetles were seen in a few fields.
The Western Bean Cutworm WBC has been moving steadily east from the High Plains Region the past several years. It can cause significant foliar and ear feeding in corn, and can do significant damage to pods and beans in dry beans. Michigan dry bean growers have needed to spray for the WBC for the past few years. Ontario dry bean growers began seeing damage last year.
The highest cumulative moth catch from traps near dry bean fields as of 7/25 was 130 from the Attica area, where a high number of moths were caught in 2011. (100 is the threshold for scouting for eggs and damage in corn and beans.) A Chautauqua Co. trap near corn is now up to 82 WBC moths. The cumula-tive count in other bean or sweet corn traps as of 7/25 ranges from 0 - 28, so there is no need for concern for WNY dry beans in general. (See other counts in Trap Network Report, page 7.) We will be scouting corn, a good indicator crop, hear the Attica trap this week for WBC eggs and larvae, and will be scouting the Attica dry beans as well.
Growers with dry beans in the Attica region should be alert to this situation. Ontario and Michigan researchers have found dry bean pod feeding 10-20 days after peak moth flight, which we may be at this week. Sprays for PLH should also control WBC, but it would be best to wait for egg hatch, which could be a few days away yet. Our scouting will tell us more.
From Keith Waldron, NYS IPM Field Crops Coordinator: Sixty-six Western Bean Cutworm pheromone moth traps are in the Cornell WBC monitoring effort near dry bean, sweet corn and field corn fields. The first moths were caught the week of 6/10 (first captures in 2011 - week of 6/28). Unusually high num-bers (41 – 51) were reported last week in traps in counties along the St. Lawrence Seaway. One of those traps has a cumulative moth catch of 102 moths so far, reaching the threshold for initiating field scouting of corn nearby. The large number and condition of these moths suggests they travelled some dis-tance, most likely from Ontario. Moths captured last year in NY were in good condition, indicating local sources.
GREENS Lettuce crops have been struggling through the dry conditions surviving through the tenacity of growers making sure the irrigation is kept on them. One farmer commented that with all the water put on his lettuce and other greens, they might as well be considered hydroponic.
Stress has caused some plantings to go bitter so picking heads a bit earlier has been necessary.
Insect pressure has been rough. Leafhopper especially has caused injury to lettuce. Tarnished plant bugs and slugs have also been a problem. Flea beetles have still been a problem for growers getting kale, Swiss chard, and mustard greens started. Direct-seeded plants have been hit hard by these pests but transplanted have also been hurt.
ONIONS In the major onion growing regions, it has now been 5 weeks without rain! Irrigation continues to be the highest priority for onion growers. Harvest of early Highlander transplants continues in Elba. Several direct seeded fields of earlier varieties are starting to lodge. Not surprisingly, onion thrips pressure has been very high, especially in Wayne County and Potter. Despite the drought and heavy thrips pressure, I continue to be impressed with the crop; it doesn’t look like it’s been 5 weeks without rain. In Elba, it seems that the early planting, irrigating, and having so much onion ground that had to be cropped to cover crops last year is paying off. Thursday has a forecasted 60 to 80% chance of rain and HAIL; it’s not too late to take the rain, but hail would be devas-tating. Hopefully, Mother Nature will be kind. See you at the Annual Elba Muck Onion Twilight Meeting next Thursday, August 2nd at Mortellaro’s Red Shop – see announcement, page 8.
Due to the explosive onion thrips pressure in Elba last week, some growers skipped Agri-Mek in sequence and jumped to Radiant and successfully knocked back their populations to 1 thrips per leaf with this “heavy hitter”. In fields that have 3-4 more weeks, we advise to consider this single app of Radiant as a crisis spray and to return back to Agri-Mek in sequence, and save Radiant for August when thrips pressure is surely to increase again. It is very important to preserve the useful life of Radiant by not over-using it at the end of the season. It is a very effective insecticide that can knock down very high populations of thrips and we want to keep it that way.
I saw a field with a decent infection of Purple Blotch this week, an indication that conditions have indeed been favorable for this warm season disease (I was beginning to feel bad for recommending so many PB fungicides, Scala and Rovral). Hot and windy days and hot nights have not been conducive for develop-ment of Botrytis leaf blight or Downy mildew. Muck Donut Hour will be canceled next Tues, July 31st, and resume for the last one of the season on Aug 7th.
POTATOES Plants are stressed in many fields, with some yellowing and early dying. Heat sprouting has been seen on some tubers. Growers who can have been irri-gating to keep plants going and to bulk up tubers, and it works. How much water should you apply? Check the soil moisture in a few spots both before irri-gating, and an hour after turning off the water. Are you letting the soil get too dry before irrigating? Are you applying enough water so that it percolates a few inches below the hill? Collect soil from in the row, 8-10” deep, and try to form a ball with it in your hand. If it’s too dry to hold together it’s too dry and the crop has been under stress. If you can easily make a soil ball but a thumb print leaves an impression rather than shattering the soil then it’s too wet. Adjust your irrigation accordingly.
Harvest of early varieties has begun. Waiting for vine kill/for the vines to die naturally helps set the skin. Bruising/ skinning from harvesting develops into Pythium leak and/or bacterial decay much more quickly during hot weather. Be sure all edges and points on the harvester are padded and that drops are no more than 6”. Keep the chains full. If you’re washing check during the day to be sure your chlorine remains near 125 ppm (this is much higher than munici-pal water!!). Have new brush rollers to remove as much water as possible. Put washed potatoes into cold storage, stacking boxes to make the most of re-circulating air, to cool and dry them. Or stack boxes loosely so air from fans is continually moving around them, and ventilate to cool during the night. Don’t pack potatoes until they’re completely dry. Check pulp temperatures with a probe thermometer.
From Willy Kirk, MSU: Botrytis gray mold infection has been a problem on some local farms in the past. Atlantic, Snowden and some other late maturing varieties appear particularly susceptible. Infection begins on blossoms, on foliage in contact with the soil, and on injured foliage (weather, spray burn, culti-vator blight, etc). Preventive sprays with chlorothalonil (Bravo, OLF) can help but good coverage is essential.
SWEET CORN Hopefully the rain showers that went through the area over the last few days will allow for some breathing room for farmers who have been irrigating non-stop. Many fields are in tough shape. Aphids, sap beetles, and birds have been building up. The birds especially have been problematic. Stunted weakened plants are also being damaged by deer moving through fields as they look for things to eat. In fact, at one field visited this week, the deer were pulling ears
CROPS Tidbits & Insights
Veg Edge Weekly
Page 4
July 25, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 18 Veg Edge Weekly
Page 5
Late Blight Risk C. MacNeil, CVP: The late blight (LB) sample confirmed on tomatoes in Onondaga Co. a week ago has been confirmed as US-23/Ridomil sensi-tive. In the past week LB has been confirmed on tomato in Clinton Co, northeast NY, and in field and high tunnel tomatoes in Dutchess Co. The first LB infected tomato fruit were seen on Long Island. ME re-ports LB in commercial potato fields in south and central ME, as well as on tomatoes. LB continues to spread in PA and MA.
Ridomil/mefenoxam is a truly sys-temic fungicide, and on a sensitive LB strain Ridomil applications can practically eradicate the dis-ease. For those with tomatoes or potatoes in the Onondaga Co. re-gion, it is suggested that Ridomil Gold Bravo, (or other labeled mefenoxam formulation) be ap-plied and repeated in 14 days. If the LB disease situation is under control after the second Ridomil applica-tion then Onondaga region growers may be able to cut back to a pre-ventive fungicide schedule.
In between Ridomil sprays apply one of the highly effective LB fungi-cides such as Presidio, Ranman or Gavel, all rated Good-Excellent against both foliar LB and tuber LB. Previcur Flex is Good against foliar LB but only Suppresses tuber LB. Tankmix Presidio and Previcur Flex with chlorothalonil, mancozeb, etc.
Organic growers should use Champ WG on a regular schedule (or other organic certifier approved fixed copper.) Coppers are rated Fair-Good or Fair against foliar LB, Poor for tuber LB. They are washed off by rainfall.
For fungicide rates, PHIs, REIs, etc, go to the 2012 Cornell Veg Guide-lines at: http://www.nysaes.cals.cornell.edu/recommends/ Go to the index and choose Potato or Tomato, then Disease, then Late Blight. See the cover article “Late Blight Detected in Onondaga County” in the 7/18 CVP Veg Edge Weekly for other LB resources. Contact Carol MacNeil for info at: 585-313-8796 or [email protected] with questions.
The LB susceptibility of dozens of potato and tomato varieties can be seen at: http://newa.cornell.edu/index.php?page=potato-simcast Towards the bottom of the left menu click on Potato Cultivar Susceptibility or Tomato Cultivar Susceptibility.
LB Decision Support System (DSS) users: Are you behind on adding fungicide sprays to your DSS account? You only need add your most recent fungicide spray to get an updated email/text Alert on when the next spray will be needed. Visit: http://blight.eas.cornell.edu/blight/, take a minute, and do it. Ques-tions? Contact Carol MacNeil at 585-313-8796 or [email protected]
Revised LB Development Chart: New LB Decision Support System (DSS) forecast info is now in the chart. Simcast Blight Units (BUs) are used for timing all fungi-cide sprays after the first. BUs during the past week across the CVP area varied from low to very high (over the thresh-old for a moderately susceptible and a moderately resistant variety in two loca-tions). Rainfall has been spotty and some areas had fog. The upcoming rain means many more BUs will accumulate and there will be a loss in fungicide coverage. (Note: If LB is detected all growers with-in/near the county should begin an in-tensive fungicide spray program until its clear the disease is under control. See the 7/18 Veg Edge Weekly.)
For a susceptible variety the threshold for applying the next spray is 30 BUs; for a moderately susceptible variety - 35 BUs; a moderately resistant variety - 40 BUs. Simcast BUs return to zero when a fungicide is applied.
1 Weather stations. For more sites: http://newa.cornell.edu/
2 Simcast Blight Units (BUs)
Location1 Blight Units2
Location1 Blight Units2
Albion 17 Lafayette 7
Appleton 7 Lodi 14
Baldwinsville 13 Penn Yan 24
Buffalo 13 Ransomville 10
Ceres 36 Rochester 19
Elba 23 Sodus 22
Farmington 28 Syracuse 14
Gainesville 40 Versailles NA
Geneva 19 Williamson 25
New Late Blight Risk Chart, 7/24/12
off plants and eating them.
Some media outlets have been reporting that the sweet corn crop in WNY is waning because of the drought. They are saying that corn will be in short supply and the season will be ending early. They are also stating that the corn that is out there will be flat tasting. We haven’t seen any indication that any of this is true and the flavor of the corn has been very good. Talk to your buyers and custom-ers and assure them that there will be locally grown NY corn available throughout the season.
VINE CROPS News out of Michigan State University yesterday alerted that new Downy Mildew has been found in several loca-tions in southern Michigan. Ontario, Canada has had several reports. Ohio, where the disease was first found, has had an increased spread to new fields with a number of new cases reported this week.
As we are expecting a period of cool nights, showers, and probably overnight leaf wetness to increase, the chances of DM showing up here will be great over the next week or so. Westerly winds will carry the spores into WNY and if the cucumber leaves stay wet enough overnight, the disease will get a foothold. For those carrying later plantings of cucumbers and melons, now is the time to step up your protective spray program and tighten up the intervals.
The heat has slowed the pollination process somewhat in some fields. Summer squash, zucchini, and cucumber have been affected. Having hives on the farm has helped improve this situation.
Powdery mildew has been hanging on in some locations for several weeks. With cooler night temperatures ex-pected, leaf wetness from dew will be enough for this disease to take off. Now is the time to get some protec-tive sprays on the plants with complete leaf coverage top and bottom.
Fungicides (Conventional, Organic, and Home = Garden) are for all cucurbits unless noted. Systemic fungicides are in Bold, and protectants include: chlorothanonil, sulfur, mancozeb, copper, or combination sold as ManKocide. Numbers used before or after the Product (registered NYS) refer to fungicides with different MOA, followed by preharvest interval. [FRAC No.ie 40 Product 4PHI] See: http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu (May 2012) (Prepared by T. A. Zitter, Cornell)
Powdery Mildew (PM) - occurs every year, so make sure to use of tolerant varieties if available for squash or pumpkins. Beginning when lesions are 1st detected inside the canopy on lower leaves (top or bottom). PM sprays should include: 13Quintec3 (not registered on cucumber or summer squash); begin usage early in the PM cycle then alternate with one of the following:
M2Sulfur0 (good protectant, alone or tank-mixed with Quintec); Organic = Kumulus or OLP
3Procure0 at Hi rate 8 oz + M5Bravo0 (or OLP) or 3Rally0 at Hi rate 5 oz + M5Bravo0 (or OLP) (NOTE: both Procure and Rally are in the same fungicide group, choose 1)
Consider 11+7Pristine0, 3+9Inspire Super7, or †9+12Switch1
Protectants & Organic = NAJMS Stylet0; M1 coppers0 like Champ WG, NAM-Pede0; MMilStop0 or OLP; Home = Bonide Fung-onil, Bonide Copper, Trilogy XL, or OLP
Note on PM: All strobilurin (Group 11) fungicides are not listed due to fungicide resistance for PM, and include Cabrio, Flint, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Sovran, Tanos, etc.
CROPS Tidbits & Insights
Volume 8, Issue 18 Veg Edge Weekly
Page 6
July 25, 2012
Don’t Get Burned by Leafhoppers on Beans
Julie Kikkert, CVP and Brian Nault, Cornell
Although they’re named potato leafhoppers, these pests also attack a number of other crops including snap beans, lima beans and dry beans. While Cruiser (thiamethoxam) seed treatments work very well under nor-mal conditions, it may not be enough this year. Be it from the warm winter or hot, dry summer potato leafhoppers have built up to extremely high popula-tions across the state. The symptoms caused by feeding are called “hopperburn”. Whitening of the veins is the first symptom. These areas then become flaccid and yellow, then des-sicate, turn brown and die. Leaf curling is also very common.
Potato leafhoppers have been seen colonizing Cruiser-treated beans earlier this year. Research by the Nault pro-gram has shown that Cruiser can often protect the snap bean crop for 31 to over 38 days after planting and some-times longer if pressure is low and growing conditions are ideal. We are not sure that Cruiser has provided this
ber of days to harvest. A list of labeled insecticides can be found on pages 92-93 of the 2012 Cornell Vegetable Guidelines. Pyganic is effective for or-ganic beans, but multiple applications are needed. Make sure to read the label before using any product.
level of protection this season given the very dry and hot weather. Under such harsh conditions, Cruiser may not have translocated throughout the plant as it normally does or maybe it just isn't working as long.
Beans need to be scouted more closely this year and a foliar insecticide may be needed. In general, Cruiser seed treatment is working if you don’t see any nymphs on the plants. The action threshold is one nymph per trifoliate leaf or 100 adults per 20 sweeps. Pyrethroids and a number of other products work very well, but beware that some are labeled only for dry beans and others only for succulent beans. Prod-ucts also differ in the num-
Adult potato leafhopper (left).
Bean showing “hopperburn” (below).
Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Program (SARE); edited by C. MacNeil, CVP
Karl Kupers saw improved water-use efficiency on his 4,400-acre eastern Washington grain farm when he re-placed a wheat/fallow system with expanded crop rotations and no-till seeding.
Illinois farmer Ralph "Junior" Upton broke up a 6- to 8-inch layer of com-pacted clay by planting deep rooted cover crops after soybean and corn harvests, thereby enhancing his soil's ability to store water for upcoming crops.
With drought conditions gripping more than half the United States this sum-mer, water-saving strategies are more critical than ever for America's farmers and ranchers. That is why SARE's 16-page bulletin, Smart Water Use on Your Farm or Ranch, is an excellent resource
If you have trouble downloading these publications go to the SARE publica-tions page at: http://mysare.sare.org/publications/all_pubs.htm
Because there is a wide range of soil management practices that can have a significant impact on water use and availability, these other SARE titles offer important guidance to farmers concerned with water issues.
Building Soils for Better Crops http://mysare.sare.org/publications/bsbc/bsbc.pdf
Managing Cover Crops Profitably http://mysare.sare.org/publications/covercrops/covercrops.pdf
Crop Rotation on Organic Farms http://mysare.sare.org/publications/croprotation/croprotation.pdf
on conservation-oriented approaches to water use. Smart Water Use on Your Farm or Ranch spotlights innovative, SARE-funded research into a range of conservation options including soil management, such as using compost, conservation tillage and cover crops; plant management, featuring crop ro-tation; and water management strate-gies such as low-volume trickle irriga-tion and water recycling. The bulletin also features farmers who are manag-ing soil to improve infiltration, and de-signing innovative systems for tillage, irrigation and runoff collection.
To download or order Smart Water Use on Your Farm or Ranch go to: http://mysare.sare.org/publications/water/water.pdf
Smart Water Use on Your Farm
Veg Edge Weekly
Page 7
July 25, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 18
Genesee County USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) Executive Director Jenifer Dean, reminds producers to report crop losses resulting from a weather-related disaster event within 15 days of the disaster or when the loss first becomes apparent, and before the crop is destroyed, to meet FSA program eligibility requirements. This includes crops covered by crop insurance, the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) and crops without insurance coverage. "Crop losses are acres that were timely planted with the intent to harvest, but the crop failed and could not be harvested because of a disaster related condi-tion," said Dean. Producers who have NAP coverage will be required to report crop losses on an FSA form CCC-576 - "Notice of Loss and Application for Payment Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program."
Failed acreage reports allow the Agency to maintain an accurate record to report how many acres of each crop were destroyed or damaged by a disaster event. This information is used to determine county and state eligibility for programs like the Aver-age Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program, as well as future federal farm programs as legislated by Congress. For questions regarding crop losses, please contact your local county FSA office. In Genesee Co. contact: Jenifer Dean at 585-343-9167x2 or [email protected]
USDA Farm Service Agency, July 17, 2012
WNY Pheromone Trap Network Report, 7/24/12 Abby Seaman, NYS IPM Program
ECB - European corn borer CEW - corn earworm FAW - fall armyworm
WBC - western bean cutworm NA - not available
European corn borer, corn earworm, and,fall armyworm trap catches are low this week at many (not all) locations. Western bean cutworm are being caught at all locations this week, with numbers getting into the low 20′s in Kirkville. Much higher numbers have been reported in northern NY, and egg masses have been found. This may be the week of peak catch for WBC, so it’s time to get out and scout for egg masses and newly hatched larvae. Late whorl and early tassel-emergence stage fields are most at risk. Egg masses are relatively easy to see; they can be found on the upper leaf surface near the emerging tassel, or on the tassel. Eggs are round with a sculptured pattern on the surface that can be seen with a hand lens. Eggs are white when first laid, turning purple just before hatching. See the western bean cutworm fact sheet and ID card for photos of egg masses and larvae.
Thresholds for western bean cutworm have not yet been established for NY. The following information on western bean cutworm management is from Elaine Roddy, OMAFRA Vegetable Crop Specialist for Sweet Corn, Beans, Peas, Cucumbers, Melons, Squash, Pumpkin, Zucchini and Asparagus. Soils, Fertility, IPM and more. Ridgetown, On-tario.
Sweet Corn: Crops at the pre-tassel to full tassel stages are at the highest risk of WBCW infestation. Inspect a mini-mum of 100 plants across the field. Focus on the top three-to-four upper leaves of the plant. Look for egg masses and young larvae. Egg masses are initially white and turn pur-ple when they are within a few days of hatching. Newly hatched larvae spend a few days feeding on the tassel be-fore moving down to the ear. Use a control threshold of 5% eggs or larvae and time the spray applications to target the newly hatched larvae. Most insecticide sprays used to control European Corn Borer will also control WBCW.
Snap Beans: To date we have not seen significant feeding of WBCW in commercial snap beans in Ontario. However, when research plots are inoculated with egg masses, feeding dam-age can be significant, indicating that this is a potential pest of commercial fields.
In dry beans, the WBCW eggs are often inconspicuous and the larvae feed only at night. As a result, scouting for pest activity is very difficult. Keep track of the pheromone trap counts in your area to determine for peak moth flight. Peak moth flight indicates when peak egg laying takes place. Pod feeding typi-cally occurs 10-20 days after peak moth flight. If possible, scout adjacent field corn or sweet corn fields to help gauge the potential risk in a snap bean crop. As with sweet corn, sprays used to control European Corn Borer will also control the Western Bean Cutworm.
Location ECB-E ECB-Z CEW FAW WBC
Baldwinsville (Onondaga) 11 0 1 0 2
Batavia (Genesee) 0 0 0 0 10
Bellona (Yates) 0 0 0 0 10
Eden (Erie) 0 0 4 0 19
Farmington (Ontario) 0 0 0 0 1
Hamlin (Monroe) 3 2 1 0 12
LeRoy (Genesee) 0 5 0 0 8
Lockport (Niagara) 0 1 1 0 4
Olean (Cattaraugus) 0 0 0 0 3
Penn Yan (Yates) 0 2 0 0 9
Spencerport (Monroe) 0 0 4 0 4
Waterport (Orleans) 0 0 0 0 8
Williamson (Wayne) 0 0 0 0 8
WNY Pheromone Trap Catches: July 24, 2012
Report Weather-Related Crop Losses!
July 25, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 18 Veg Edge Weekly
Page 8
AUGUST 2 – ANNUAL ELBA MUCK ONION TWILIGHT MEETING See announcement above.
AUGUST 3 - PEST MANAGEMENT IN FRESH MARKET VEGETABLES MEETING (YATES COUNTY) 6:00 pm, Ivan Martin Farm, 391 Pre-Emption Rd, Penn Yan 14527. 2 DEC pesticide recertification credits available. This course will demon-strate pest management in fresh market vegetables in both field and greenhouse (high tunnel) vegetables. A hands-on demonstration of weed, insect and disease identification in vegetables including management options such as inter-row cover crops, grafting and where appropriate, spray options will be used to educate growers. See first hand efforts to control weeds with rye. Observe treatment differ-ences in onions, and learn about effects on tomato growth. Judson Reid of the Cornell Vegetable Program will instruct participants and facilitate peer-based learning.
AUGUST 10 - PEST MANAGEMENT IN FRESH MARKET VEGETABLES MEETING (SENECA COUNTY) 6:00 pm, Jonas Peachey Farm, 5641 Rt 414, Romulus 14541. 2 DEC pesticide recertification credits available. This course will demonstrate pest management in fresh market vegetables in both field and greenhouse (high tunnel) vegetables. A hands-on demonstration of weed, insect and disease identification in vegetables including management options such as inter-row cover crops, grafting and where appropri-ate, spray options will be used to educate growers. Drive lane-cover crops and tips for growing for the new Seneca Produce Auction. Judson Reid of the Cornell Vegetable Program will instruct participants and facilitate peer-based learning.
AUGUST 10 - TILE DRAINAGE FIELD DAY 8:30 am - 2:00 pm, Lilyea Farms, 1320 Pre-Emption Rd, Penn Yan. Morning: soil health benefits; proper tile depth and placement; eco-nomics of traditional and tile plow installation. Afternoon: equipment demonstrations. Bring a chair. Lunch provided to those preregis-tered by 8/6. Call CCE Yates Co at 315-536-5123. For more information, visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/event.php?id=29. Organized by: CCE Regional Ag Teams, Yates Co Soil & Water Conservation District. Thanks for sup-port from Hudson Pipes and Himrod Farm Supply!
AUGUST 21 - PROCESSING SNAP BEAN AND SWEET CORN VARIETY FIELD DAY Vegetable Research Farm, County Road 4, Geneva (1 mile west of the NYS Ag Experiment Station). 1:00 pm Snap Beans; 3:00 pm Sweet Corn; 5:30 pm Vegetable Agribusiness Steak Roast, at the Pavillion behind Jordan Hall. For more information or to RSVP for dinner, con-tact Jim Ballerstein 315-787-2223 or [email protected].
AUGUST 22 - NORTHEAST BUCKWHEAT FIELD DAY 1:00 - 3:30 pm, Oeschner Farm, 1045 Trumbulls Corners Rd, Newfield, NY 14867. Free, no preregistration needed. Buckwheat in your rotation, double-cropping after small grains, harvest equipment display, farmer-to-farmer exchange. Production information: www.hort.cornell.edu/bjorkman/lab/buck/ Questions? Thomas Björkman, Cornell, 315-787-2218 or [email protected] Sponsored by: Cornell University, Cornell Cooperative Extension, The Birkett Mills and NOFA-NY.
AUGUST 23 - FRESH MARKET POTATO VARIETIES, AND INSECT AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT John Williams' Farm in Marion is a showplace for innovation and best management. This annual grower meeting will focus on potato vari-eties and their susceptibility to scab, pink rot, Pythium leak and bacterial soft rot. A presentation will be made and questions and answers time will be available on 2012 insect control challenges and management. Cornell Vegetable Program Specialist Carol MacNeil will provide information on the 2012 late blight management and on the updated online Decision Support System (DSS). Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website for more information and the full agenda at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/event.php?id=28.
AUGUST 27 - EDEN VALLEY CROP WALK AND TWILIGHT MEETING 5:30 pm, Eden Valley Growers Coop, Rt 62, Eden Valley. DEC pesticide recertification credits will be available. Crop walk and discussion of diseases plus review of pepper IPM project. For more information, contact Robert Hadad at 585-739-4065 or [email protected].
Dates...
Annual Elba Muck Onion Twilight Meeting
Thursday, August 2, 2012 Mortellaro’s Red Shop
South of Spoilbank on the east side of Transit
(GPS coordinates: Lat: 43.125043; Long: -78.105712)
Dinner & Registration: 5:30 pm Program: 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm
CCA and at least 1.5 DEC recertification credits (1a, 4, 10, 23)
will be available
Featuring: Field Demonstration of Managing Onion Thrips
Insecticide Tank Mixes, Product Evaluations & Resistance Management
Cornell Thrips Recommendations in Action
A Glimpse into the Future of Thrips Management with Benevia and Tolerant Varieties
Progress Towards Managing Bacterial Diseases of Onion
Do Growers Need to be Concerned About Bacteria in Irrigation Water
Possibility of Induced Resistance Materials, Actigard, Employ
Exploring the Role of Adjuvants in Disease Development
Also included: Update on New Onion Maggot and Onion Smut Seed Treatments Project Highlights – Chateau, New Onion Fungicides, Growing Onions on High pH Muck Nitrogen Rate Crop Walk (optional)
For more information: Contact Christy Hoepting, 585-721-6953; [email protected]
Volume 8, Issue 18 Veg Edge Weekly
Page 9
* Airport stations ** Data from other station/airport sites is at: http://newa.cornell.edu/ Weather Data, Daily Summary and Degree Days.
July 25, 2012
Weather Charts J. Gibbons, CVP:
Thank you to our sponsors:
Crop Production Services Fancher, NY (585) 589-6330 www.cpsagu.com
Pest and disease problems? Our breeders are working to develop resistant varieties! www.bejoseeds.com
Our Vision... “To be the first choice for growers in all of our marketplaces.” www.StokeSeeds.com
Blake Myers (585) 303-3252; [email protected] www.Siegers.com
AgraQuest 1.800.728.0014 www.agraquest.com
Call 800-544-7938 for sales or visit www.harrisseeds.com A Grower Friendly Company
Growmark FS - Filling Your Crop Needs Visit home.growmarkfs.com to find representatives in your area.
Providing growers environmentally responsible, safe & cost-effective growing solutions. Visit www.bioworksinc.com.
PEOPLE...PRODUCTS...KNOWLEDGE… Albion, NY (585) 589-4195 Geneva, NY (315) 789-4450
Fungicides & Insecticides/Nematicides Western & Central NY, 585.447.7305 Eastern NY & NE, 207.890.1645
Distributor of Novagryl Row Cover, ProtekNet Insect Netting, BioTelo Compostable Mulch Film, and more.
Visit us at www.DuboisAg.com
LOCAL FARMS, LOCAL FOOD Driving customers to your farm stand Contact [email protected]
Rainfall (inch) Temp (°F)
Location Week Month July
Max Min
Albion 0.48 0.57 92 59
Appleton, North 0.53 0.71 93 57
Baldwinsville 0.00 0.24 95 60
Buffalo* 0.12 0.29 88 60
Ceres 1.45 4.78 89 57
Elba 0.04 0.27 93 52
Farmington 0.02 0.36 94 55
Gainesville 0.32 0.86 89 55
Geneva 0.28 0.86 93 60
Lafayette 0.26 0.75 93 56
Lodi 0.42 0.98 94 58
Penn Yan* 0.39 0.84 94 58
Ransomville 0.03 0.59 92 56
Rochester* 0.13 0.23 96 58
Sodus 0.27 0.42 95 54
Syracuse* 0.01 0.38 99 61
Versailles 0.00 0.07 89 54
Williamson 0.46 0.59 97 59
Weekly Weather Summary: 7/17 - 7/23
Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) Base 50°F: Jan. 1 — July 23, 2012
Location 2012 2011 2010
Albion 1593 1371 1508
Appleton, North 1441 1098 1297
Baldwinsville 1672 1571 NA
Buffalo 1758 1438 1524
Ceres 1371 1327 NA
Elba 1607 NA 1499
Farmington 1542 1371 1470
Gainesville 1512 1344 1421
Geneva 1656 1512 1585
Lafayette 1580 1416 1422
Lodi NA 1547 1647
Penn Yan 1696 1538 1563
Ransomville 1580 1357 1492
Rochester 1738 1464 1575
Sodus 1487 1317 NA
Syracuse 1797 1685 1612
Versailles 1597 NA NA
Williamson 1606 1382 1537
Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program
Cornell University Serving Allegany, Cattaraugus,
Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara,
Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans,
Seneca, Wayne and Yates Counties
Veg Edge Weekly is a seasonal weekly publication of the Cornell Vegetable Program providing information about crop development, pest activity and management, pesticide updates, local weather conditions, meetings and resources.
Veg Edge is published 28 times annually, monthly from October-May and weekly from May-September. If you have any questions about this publication, contact Julie Kikkert at 585-394-3977 x404 or [email protected]. Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/ for information on our research, upcoming events and enrolling in our program.
Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities.
Robert Hadad 585-739-4065 Cell [email protected]
Christy Hoepting 585-721-6953 Cell [email protected]
Julie Kikkert 585-313-8160 Cell [email protected]
Carol MacNeil 585-313-8796 Cell [email protected]
Judson Reid 585-313-8912 Cell [email protected]
Cornell Vegetable Program Extension Specialists
Elizabeth Buck, 607-425-3494 Cell
John Gibbons, 716-474-5238 Cell
Katie Klotzbach 585-732-2545 Cell
CVP Assistants
This publication contains pesticide recommendations. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are possible. Some materials may no longer be available and some uses may no longer be legal. All pesticides distributed, sold or applied in New York State must be registered with the New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation (DEC). Questions concerning the legality and/or registration status for pesticide usage in New York State should be directed to the appropriate Cornell
Cooperative Extension specialist or your regional DEC office.
Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage. No endorsement of products or com-panies is made or implied. READ THE LABEL BEFORE APPLYING ANY PESTICIDE.
Yates County Cornell Cooperative Extension 417 Liberty Street Penn Yan, NY 14527
