Square Grid Square Grid

• Insects in the grid were Insects in the grid were vacuumed into a plastic vacuumed into a plastic bag.bag.

• Insects were examined Insects were examined under a microscope to under a microscope to separate species and separate species and counted.counted.

• Insect counts were Insect counts were expressed as number of expressed as number of adults/square foot.adults/square foot.

KSU Pilot Flour Mill KSU Pilot Flour Mill Heat Treatment, June Heat Treatment, June

25-27, 199925-27, 1999

Slides from the heat-up Slides from the heat-up

Natural Gas heaters were Natural Gas heaters were usedused

Heat treatment done by Rupp Heat treatment done by Rupp Industries, Inc.Industries, Inc.

Mention of a proprietary product name does not imply Endorsement by the Department of Grain Science &

Industry and Kansas State University

Insects can escape heat Insects can escape heat treatment by exiting through treatment by exiting through

doorwaysdoorways• Treat these areas Treat these areas

with Cyfluthrin or with Cyfluthrin or Tempo before heat Tempo before heat treatment.treatment.

• Put sticky material Put sticky material or sticky tape to or sticky tape to capture insects capture insects escaping from escaping from heat-treated areas heat-treated areas to unheated areas.to unheated areas.

20 Inch Duct Blowing Hot Air 20 Inch Duct Blowing Hot Air From Rupp, Inc. Gas HeaterFrom Rupp, Inc. Gas Heater

• KSU Pilot flour KSU Pilot flour mill, 1mill, 1stst floor of the floor of the cleaning house.cleaning house.

• The gas heater The gas heater was on the south was on the south side of the side of the building (on the building (on the outside).outside).

First Floor Cleaning HouseFirst Floor Cleaning House

• Wheat lift.Wheat lift.• Note dust Note dust

accumulation on accumulation on floor.floor.

• A Hobo (for A Hobo (for measurign temp.) measurign temp.) is to the left of the is to the left of the wheat lift on floor.wheat lift on floor.

33rdrd Floor Cleaning Floor Cleaning HouseHouse

• Buhler aspirator.Buhler aspirator.• Note wheat on Note wheat on

floor.floor.• A Flit-Trak trap A Flit-Trak trap

w/ 3 lures for red w/ 3 lures for red & confused flour & confused flour beetles, beetles, cigarette beetle, cigarette beetle, and warehouse and warehouse beetle.beetle.

44thth Floor Mill Floor Mill

• Sifter boxes.Sifter boxes.• Hobo on the Hobo on the

outside.outside.• In the In the

foreground is foreground is Phercon II trap Phercon II trap for moths.for moths.

55thth Floor Mill Floor Mill

• Note Phercon II Note Phercon II trap.trap.

Natural Gas BurnersNatural Gas Burners

• Gas line hooked Gas line hooked up to burners.up to burners.

• Each burner of Each burner of 550,000 BTUs.550,000 BTUs.

• Burners not Burners not turned on (note turned on (note collapsed collapsed ductwork)ductwork)

Natural Gas BurnersNatural Gas Burners

• Burners fired-Burners fired-up.up.

Tempo ResearchTempo Research

• Concrete disks Concrete disks exposed to heat in exposed to heat in 33rdrd floor of mill. floor of mill.

• Disks removed at Disks removed at different times different times durign heat durign heat treatment.treatment.

• In the laboratory, In the laboratory, adult red flour adult red flour beetles were beetles were added inside rings added inside rings placed on disks.placed on disks.

Tempo ResearchTempo Research

• A replicate of A replicate of disks in Subi’s disks in Subi’s office.office.

• These disks served These disks served as controls (they as controls (they were treated with were treated with Temp but not Temp but not exposed to heat).exposed to heat).

• There are 8 disks There are 8 disks for 8 time periods.for 8 time periods.

Cleaning House, 3Cleaning House, 3rdrd FloorFloor

• Cooling tower.Cooling tower.• Temper Temper

conveyer.conveyer.• Recording Recording

temperature temperature during heat during heat treatment with treatment with an infrared an infrared laser beam.laser beam.

Tempo ResearchTempo Research

• Disks on floor in Disks on floor in mill (3mill (3rdrd floor). floor).

Tempo ResearchTempo Research

• Disks with red Disks with red flour beetles flour beetles inside.inside.

First Floor Cleaning First Floor Cleaning HouseHouse

• Door to manlift.Door to manlift.• Many insects were Many insects were

found at this found at this interface and a interface and a few outside the few outside the door.door.

• These doorways These doorways should be treated should be treated or taped to kill or or taped to kill or trap escaping trap escaping insects.insects.

Dr. Dale Eustace’s Dr. Dale Eustace’s Infrared Heat TracerInfrared Heat Tracer

• This was used This was used to get to get instantaneous instantaneous record of record of temperatures temperatures during a heat during a heat treatment.treatment.

Tempo ResearchTempo Research

• Dr. Frank Dr. Frank Arthur setting Arthur setting up the concrete up the concrete disks treated disks treated with Tempo and with Tempo and the Hobos in the Hobos in the 3the 3rdrd floor of floor of the mill.the mill.

Ductwork During Heat Ductwork During Heat TreatmentTreatment

• Ductwork (20 Ductwork (20 inches) from natural inches) from natural gas heaters in gas heaters in loading dock, going loading dock, going into 2into 2ndnd floor of the floor of the mill (roll floor).mill (roll floor).

• Note specially Note specially constructed wooden constructed wooden door to stabilize the door to stabilize the ductwork.ductwork.

Experiments During Flour Experiments During Flour Mill Heat TreatmentMill Heat Treatment

• Concrete disk Concrete disk treated with treated with Tempo, and plastic Tempo, and plastic trays with insects trays with insects on 3on 3rdrd floor of mill. floor of mill.

New Trap for Dusty New Trap for Dusty EnvironmentsEnvironments

• Flit-Trak trap Flit-Trak trap with a opaque with a opaque cover.cover.

• This creates an This creates an ideal ideal environment for environment for red flour beetle red flour beetle to seek refuge.to seek refuge.

Flit Trak TrapFlit Trak Trap

• Trap against Trap against wall in 1wall in 1stst floor floor of cleaning of cleaning house.house.

Natural Gas HeaterNatural Gas Heater

• 1.4 million 1.4 million BTUs.BTUs.

• This burner is This burner is hooked up and hooked up and pumping hot air pumping hot air into the 1into the 1stst floor floor of the cleaning of the cleaning house.house.

Heat Treatment: SafetyHeat Treatment: Safety

• Always wear Always wear cotton or cotton or padded gloves padded gloves to avoid injury to avoid injury from hot metal from hot metal surfaces in the surfaces in the mill.mill.

New Indianmeal Moth New Indianmeal Moth TrapTrap

• For under For under cabinet use.cabinet use.

• Concealed for Concealed for use in retail use in retail stores.stores.

Flour Mill Experiments Flour Mill Experiments with Insectswith Insects

• These square dishes These square dishes with and without with and without food contained 8 food contained 8 different species of different species of insects.insects.

• Different dishes Different dishes were used for were used for different species.different species.

• Dishes were Dishes were removed at 3 removed at 3 different times different times during heat-up.during heat-up.

Placing Cables and Hobos in Placing Cables and Hobos in Mill SubfloorMill Subfloor

• Jorge Ayala, a Ph.D. Jorge Ayala, a Ph.D. student in Entomology student in Entomology at KSU, setting up the at KSU, setting up the cables.cables.

Subi’s HelpersSubi’s Helpers

• Sewit Retta and Sewit Retta and Kim Korte, Kim Korte, helped collect helped collect all insect data.all insect data.

• Both are Both are undergrads, undergrads, never been never been exposed to exposed to bugs, but now bugs, but now love them.love them.

Manlift AreaManlift Area

• Door leads into Door leads into 11stst floor of floor of cleaning house.cleaning house.

• This area was This area was not heat treated.not heat treated.

• Insects escaping Insects escaping heat treatment heat treatment were present at were present at the bottom of the bottom of this door.this door.

Flit Trak TrapFlit Trak Trap

• Traps contain a Traps contain a shallow shallow receptacle for receptacle for oil.oil.

• The cover has 3 The cover has 3 holes to hold holes to hold three different three different lures.lures.

FansFans

• These fans were These fans were used to used to redistribute redistribute heat during the heat during the flour mill heat flour mill heat treatment.treatment.

Flour Mill-SubfloorFlour Mill-Subfloor

• Dr. Alan Dowdy Dr. Alan Dowdy setting up setting up cables cables underneath underneath sub-floor area sub-floor area of 2of 2ndnd floor of floor of the mill.the mill.

Temperature Temperature Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices

• This device was This device was used to measure used to measure temperature from temperature from cables placed cables placed throughout the throughout the mill.mill.

• It could read 18 It could read 18 sensors on each sensors on each cable.cable.

• There were 4 such There were 4 such cables.cables.

Mill ExperimentsMill Experiments

• Trays with plastic Trays with plastic dishes containing dishes containing insects, and insects, and pheromone lures pheromone lures fo 5 insect fo 5 insect species.species.

• These were These were sampled over time sampled over time during heat during heat treatment.treatment.

Phercon II Moth TrapPhercon II Moth Trap

• Almond moth lure Almond moth lure was placed inside was placed inside the trap.the trap.

• Trap placed on 4Trap placed on 4thth floor of the mill.floor of the mill.

• There were 10 There were 10 traps per floor traps per floor (there were 8 (there were 8 floors in the flour floors in the flour mill & cleaning mill & cleaning house combined).house combined).

Blo-Vac GunBlo-Vac Gun

• This gun works on This gun works on the venturi/vortex the venturi/vortex principle.principle.

• It can work as a It can work as a vacuum or as a vacuum or as a duster.duster.

• We used it to We used it to vacuum bugs from vacuum bugs from floor after a heat floor after a heat treatment.treatment.

West Side of West Side of Shellenberger HallShellenberger Hall

• The wall with The wall with windows in the windows in the flour mill.flour mill.

• To the right is To the right is the feed mill.the feed mill.

• Note natural Note natural gas burners on gas burners on the dock.the dock.